汽车专业英语unit1

UNIT 1 AUTOMOTIVE BASICS 背景知识：本节主要介绍汽车的基本组件。

Four major categories: engine, body, chassis and electrical equipment.Engine:acts as the power unit. There are two types of engine: gasoline (also called a spark-ignition engine) and diesel (also called a compression-ignition engine).Body: I t provides a protective covering for the engine, passengers, and cargo.Chassis: support engine and any other assembly parts. It includes power train, running gear, and steering and brake system.Power train（传动系）：― conve ys the drive to the wheels. Include: clutch、gear box （变速器）、universal joint、propeller shaft（传动轴）、drive axle（驱动桥）。

Running gear（行驶系）：― support the vehicle and ensure it stable running. Include: frame（车架）、axle housing（桥壳）、suspension（悬架）、wheel（车轮）。

Steering（转向系）：― controls the direction of the movement. Include: steering wheel, column（转向管柱）,steering gears（转向器）, linkages（转向传动机构）.Brake（制动系）：― slows down the vehicle. Include: brake pedal, master cylinder, brake lines（油管），brake cylinder（制动缸）and brakes（制动器）。

New Words:课文翻译：Automobiles, trucks, and buses are essential forms of transportation. They are complex ma-chines made up of many parts. These parts can be grouped into a number of systems. An under-standing of how the systems work will help you understand how the automobile works.汽车、卡车和客车是交通运输工具的基本组成部分。

它们是由多个零件构成的复杂机械系统。

这些零件可以组合成许多系统，因此了解各个系统如何工作有助于理解汽车是如何工作的。

An automobile can be divided into two basic parts—a body and a chassis. The body is the enclosure that houses the engine, passengers, and cargo. It is the part of the automobile that you see. The chassis is that part of the automobile beneath the body. Figure 1-1.汽车可被分成两个主要的部件，车身和底盘。

车身是覆盖发动机、乘客和货物的外壳，也就是你所看到的部分。

底盘则是位于车身下方的部分。

如图1－1所示。

1.1 The BodyAn automobile body is a sheet metal shell with windows, doors, a hood, and a trunk deck built into it. It provides a protective covering for the engine, passengers, and cargo. The body is designed to keep passengers safe and comfortable. For example, insulation in the body reduces noise and protects against heat and cold. The body styling provides an attractive, colorful, modern appearance for the vehicle. It is stream-lined to lessen wind resistance and to keep the car from swaying at driving speeds. The automobile body has two basic parts—the upper body and the under body.汽车车身是一个钣金件壳体，它上面有车窗、车门、发动机罩和行李舱门等部件。

它为发动机、乘客和货物提供防护罩。

车身设计要保证乘客安全和舒适性。

比如：通过车身隔离可降低噪声和避免车内温度冷暖不均。

通过车身（造型）设计可使汽车具用漂亮的、色彩丰富的现代车身外观。

一般把它设计成流线型来减小空气阻力和防止在一定行驶速度时的车身摆动。

汽车车身主要由上下两个部分构成，即车身外壳和底板。

1.2 The ChassisThe chassis is an assembly of those systems that are the major operating parts of a vehicle. The chassis includes everything except the body. The three important parts of the chassis are the frame, the engine, and the power train (also called the drive train). Each of these three parts is made up of a number of systems. A system is a mechanical or electrical unit that performs a specific function. Thus, each system (such as steering, brake, or fuel) has a certain job to do in running a vehicle. We shall look at each of these parts and systems to see how they fit together to form the automobile chassis.底盘是车辆主要执行机构系统总成。

它包括汽车车身以外的其它部分。

底盘最重要的三个部件是车架、发动机和传动系（也称为驱动系）。

其每个部件都由许多系统组成。

系统是指执行某个特定功能的机械或电气单元。

因而，每个系统（比如：转向、制动和燃料）在汽车行驶时都有具体的工作任务。

我们应当着眼于构成汽车底盘的各个部件和系统，看它们之间是如何连接装配的。

1.2.1 The FrameThe first major part of the chassis is the frame. It is made from tough steel sections welded, riveted, or bolted together. The frame looks like a steel ladder, though it sometimes has an X shape for extra strength. It forms a foundation for the car body and the parts of the several systems. The body is joined to the frame with bolts. Rubber shock mounts or washers are used at each joint. These reduce vibration and road noise. In most modern cars the frame is built into the body. A car with the frame built into the body has a unitized body or unibody. The frame supports the suspension system, steering system, and braking system.底盘的首要部件是车架，它由韧性型钢焊接、铆接或螺栓连接而成。

车架看起来就像是一个钢梯，尽管它有时会加有X形加强板。

它是轿车车身和个别系统部件的承载。

车身通过螺栓连接到车架上，并在每个连接点处加有橡胶隔震垫或垫圈，以此来减小振动和路面噪音。

在多数现代轿车上，车架固接在车身内部。

这样的轿车为承载式车身结构。

车架支撑着悬架系统、转向系统和制动系统。

The front and rear wheels are attached to the chassis by a suspension system. This system is made up of springs, shock absorbers, control arms, and stabilizers. 'These support the vehicle and cushion it from road bumps for better ride and handling.前后车轮通过悬架系统连到底盘上，这个系统由弹簧、减振器、控制臂和稳定器组成。

它们支撑着车身，并减缓由于路面不平引起的颠簸，以儿获得更好的乘坐舒适性和操作稳定性。