大学实用翻译教程第四章 词语翻译的技巧共66页文档

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一、英译汉
1、名词转变为动词 Londoners are good readers.
伦敦人很喜欢阅读。 Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已经用来探索宇宙。
翻译时如果将英语名词转化为汉语动词,修饰 该名词的形容词就转化为相应的副词。如:
The air was fresh and fragrant, it gave people a feeling of exceptional coolness and comfort.
4、形容词转为名词
街中的一切逐渐消失在灰暗的暮色里。—— 巴金 《家》
Everything was gradually disappearing into a pall of gray. 经过学校门口,也改换了名称和模样,于是 我很生疏。——鲁迅《在西楼上》 I passed the gate of the school that too had changed its name and appearance, making me feel quite a stranger. 空气是这样的清香,使人胸脯里感到分外凉 爽、舒畅。
英语中表示知觉、感受、欲望等心理状 态的形容词,在系动词后作表语用时, 往往可转译成动词。这些形容词有: confident, certain, careful, cautious, sure, afraid, doubtful, aware, concerned 等。
We are confident that we can overcome the difficulties.
这个民有、民治、民享的政府一 定要永远在地球上存在。
4、名词转为形容词
A newly-elected Senator is a power, I know that. 一个新当选的参议员的确是威风十足, 那我是知道的。
Can I be such a villain? 难道我能这样伤天害理吗?
我们坚信能够克服这些困难。
3、 介词转译为动词
典型的例子是美国总统林肯1863 年在葛底斯堡发表的演讲词中的 这句话的译法:… and that governຫໍສະໝຸດ Baiduent of the people,by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
3、动词转为介词
令我们惊奇的是,做这样一个普通而简单的 实验竟要我们负担巨大的费用和劳力。
To our surprise, making such an ordinary and simple experiment will entail a great expense and labor on us.
我们对待世界大战这个问题的态度是:第一, 反对; 第二,不怕。
Our attitude on the question of world war is, first, we are against it;second, we are not afraid of it. 他们不顾一切困难和挫折,坚持战斗。 They kept on fighting in spite of all difficulties and setbacks.
We have decided to place a trial order for the following on the terms stated in your letter.
2、 动词转为形容词
她父母为她的健康不佳而发愁。
Her parents were anxious about her poor health. 获悉贵国遭受地震 ,我们极为关切。 We are deeply concerned at the news that your country has been struck by an earthquake. 她没有意识到自己犯了一个严重的错 误。 She was not aware that she had made a serious mistake.
The young man behaved himself extremely well and is,I believe,a much better gentleman than the ensign who abused him. 这位年轻人举止十分端正,我相信从 人品来说要比侮辱他的那个旗手高贵 多了 。
We also realized the growing need and necessity to industrialize certain sectors of the economy.
我们也认识到越来越需要使某些经济部门工 业化 .
2、 形容词转译为动词
Please let us know if our terms are acceptable. 贵方是否接受我方条款,请告知。
第一节 词类的转换
英语属印欧语系,汉语属汉藏语系。 英汉两种语言在词汇和语法结构方面 有许多不同,因此,在多数情况下英 汉互译的时候很难将两种语言的词汇 或结构一一对应。为了使译文符合译 出语的习惯,翻译时不必拘泥于原文 的表层结构,可以在忠实原文意义的 前提下,将原文中某些词的词类或成 分转换为译出语的其他词类或成分。
二、 汉译英
1、动词转为名词 这本书反映了20世纪90年代的中国社会状况。
The book is a reflection of the Chinese society of the 1990s. 据我们了解,贵公司经营中国产品已有多年 历史。
We learn that you have been dealers of Chinese products for many years. 我公司决定按照来函说明的条款,试订下列 货物。
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