CV phonology 音系学

CV PHONOLOGY
Contents
Origin of CV Phonology
Features of CV Phonology Principles of CV Phonology
Functions of CV Phonology
1
Origin of CV Phonology
CV phonology was first proposed by John McCarthy in 1981 to explain word
V ɪ
V i:
V
V e
V ɪ
quality (distinguish long vowels from short vowels)
quantity (distinguish long vowels from diphthongs)
2) Prohibition on Crossing Association Lines
within the syllable. (Clements and Keyser, 1983)
Segments dominated by V
Segments dominated by C
Syllable peak
Syllable non-peak
Besides, CV-tier is able to distinguish between long vowels and short vowels. beat bit
C
V
C
V
a
t
a
t
This principle is mainly used to explain some phenomena of epenthesis. /?ism/ ?isim /sabt/ sabit C ? V i „name ‟ „Saturday‟ C s C m C ? /?ibn/ ?ibin /nafs/ V i C s nafis V i „son‟ „self‟ C m
A segment is ambisyllabic iff it is dominated by two
nodes σ1 and σ2.
A segment P is extrasyllabic iff it is dominated by no
node σ.
CV-tier (skeletal tier & timing tier)
properties of autosegmental system.
Autosegmental phonology believes that syllable consists of two tiers, namely σ-tier and segmental tier whereas CV phonology adds another tier – CV-tier.
formation processes in Arabic.
In Arabic, the change of words is quite different from that of English,
especially change of verbs.
e.g.: for English word “write” English Active write Arabic katab-a
CV tier is seen as an advantageous pattern according to which its own units
have the ability to define a certain functional position (i.e. peak vs. non-peak)
Subsequently, C-elements to the right are adjoined in the manner described above.
3
Principles of CV Phonology
1) The Obligatory Contour Principle
(Goldsmith, 1976)
σ-tier
CV-tier
Segmental tier
σ-tier
A string of segments S is a syllable iff there is a node σ
such that σ dominates each member of S and nothing else.
A segment P is in syllable-initial (syllable-final)
CV phonology provides a good way for explaining special characteristics of compound segments, like word formation processes in Arabic.
CV phonology regards syllable as a hierarchical unit and emphasizes the
Skeletal Tier
CV CV
C
C V C V C
Vocalic Tier
a
u
i
We wrote
Katab-na Consonantal Tier
We stretched
madad-na k t b m d
Skeletal Tier
CV
C V C
CV
C V C
Vocalic Tier
a
a
Distinction of verb tense is related to vowel level whereas distinction of
It forbids sequences of identical segments where a single multiply-linked segment could replace them.
V
V
V
V
a
a
a
Long segments form single units on the tier responsible for representing quality, and two-segment sequences on that responsible for representing quantity.
Passive
written
kutib-a
Active Plain
Intensive Influencing Consonantal Tier
Passive kutib-a
kuttib-a kuutib-a b k t CVCVC CVCCVC CVVCVC b
katab-a
kattab-a kaatab-a k t
σ
C b V i: V C t C
σ V C
b
ɪ
t
Segmental tier
The smallest units that constitute a syllable
Core Syllables
Primary set of core syllable types comprise 4 sequences: CV, V, CVC and VC.
position iff there is a node σ such that P is the leftmost
(rightmost) segment dominated by σ.
Two segments P and Q are tautosyllabic iff they are
dominated by the same node σ.
hierarchy of syllable structure. (syllable is neglected in generative phonology)
CV phonology is able to describe or explain some phenomena in phonetics
and phonology, such as epenthesis, assimilation, liaison, etc.
References:
[1] Clark, J. & Yallop, C. (1995) An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology. Blackwell Publishers Ltd. [2] Clements, G. N. & Keyser, S. J. (1983) CV Phonology: A generative Theory of the Syllable. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. [3] Gussenhoven, C. & Jacobs, H. (1998) Understanding Phonology. Edward Arnold Limited. [4] Hayes, Bruce. (1984) Inalterability in CV Phonology. Brown University. [5] Hayes, Bruce. (1984) Assimilation as Spreading in Toba Batak. MIT Press. [6] Hayes, Bruce. (2009) Introductory Phonology. Blackwell Publishing. [7] Kahn,Daniel. (1980) Syllable-Based Generalizations in English Phonology. New York: Garland. [8] 包智明，侍建国 & 许德宝. (2007) 生成音系学理论及其应用 (第二版). 中国社会科学出版社. [9] 赵忠德. (2005) 音系学. 上海外语教育出版社.
different words is concerned with consonant level.
2
Features of CV Phonology
Definition: CV phonology is a theory of syllable representation which
characterizes a syllable as a three-tiered structure having the formal
(Arabic)
/?imm/ *?imim „mother‟ C ? V i C m C
/sitt-na/ *sititna C ? V i
„our grandmother‟ C V m C i
3) Assimilation as Spreading
C C C C
t
k
k
C
C
k
k
4
Functions of CV PhoFra Baidu bibliotekology
Delete syllable initial C CV V, CVC, VC
Insert syllable final C
How are core syllables constructed?
V-elements are linked to σ;
C-elements to the left are adjoined one by one as long as the configuration resulting at each stop satisfies all relevant syllable structure conditions.