12月大学英语四级模拟试题04

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2016年12月英语四级考试考前模拟试卷及答案（4）

2016年12月英语四级考试考前模拟试卷及答案（4）Part III Cloze (共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)Directions: There are twenty blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices. Choose the one that best fits into the passage and then marks your answer on the Answer Sheet.In 1982, Mark Thatcher, the son of Mrs. Thatcher was reported 61 in the Sahara Desert while competing in the Grand Prix motor race from Paris to Dakar. This sad news, so 62 , shook the usually calm and unperturbed seasoned politician 63 her balance. Though she did her best to pretend as if 64 had happened and made her public appearances as usual, people could not 65 to notice that she was no longer the old 66 prime minister who always had everything 67 control. 68 she had become a very sad mother who was unable to recover from her shock.One day, when she was to speak at a luncheon party, a reporter caught her 69 her guard by 70 up the subject of her missing son again. She was totally mentally 71 for the question and lost her self control. Tears were rolling down her eyes as she sobbingly told the reporter that there 72 still no news of Mark and that she was very worried about him. She said that all the countries 73 had promised to do their best to help her find her son. 74 that she broke down completely and sobbed silently for quite a while. Gradually she 75 down and started to speak as 76. it was a very moving scene which 77 a new side of Mrs. Thatcher’s character the public do not us ually see, 78 people began to talk about the Iron Woman’s maternal love, a sentiment that is 79 to all human kind.Later Mark returned 80 and sound to his mother’s side, good-humored and all smiles as usual, as if nothing unusual had ever happened. The Iron Woman, however, broke down again as was sobbing for the second time.61. A. missing B. missed C. wanting D. wanted62. A. expected B. expecting C. unexpected D. unexpecting63. A. with B. on C. out D. off64. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything65. A. miss B. fail C. pretend D. expect66. A. reassured B. self-assured C. assuring D. self-assuring67. A. for B. beneath C. below D. under68. A. Instead B. however C. Therefore D. So69. A. into B. out of C. on D. off70. A. putting B. bringing C. taking D. giving71. A. ready B. prepared C. unprepared D. unexpected72. A. was B. were C. should be D. would be73. A. concerning B. concerned C. worrying D. worried74. A. At B. Before C. After D. With75. A. sat B. broke C. calmed D. became76. A. planned B. planning C. plans D. a plan77. A. explained B. exposed C. excluded D. exclaimed78. A. however B. instead C. so D. but79. A. universal B. unique C. single D. strange80. A. safe B. safely C. sight D. hearingShopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century. 61 in the 1900s most Americans towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was always in the hear of a town. This street was 62 on both sides with many 63 businesses. Here, shoppers talked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries,64 , some shops offered 65. These shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops.66 in the 1950s, a change began to 67 . Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street 68 too few parking place ere 69 shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces 70 the city limits. Open space is what their car driving customers needed. And open space is what they got 71 the first shopping center was built. Shopping centers, or rather malls, 72 as a collection of small new stores 73 crowed city centers. 74 by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from 75 areas to outlying malls. And the growing 76 of shopping centers led 77 to the building of bigger and better stocked stores, 78 the late 197s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the 79 of one stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks, 80 benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.61A. As early as B. Early C. Early as D. Earlier62. A. built B. designed C. intended D. lined63. A. varied B. various C. sorted D. mixed-up64. A. Apart from B. however C. In addition D. As well65. A. medical care B. food C. cosmetics D. services66. A. Suddenly B. Abruptly C. Contrarily D. But67. A. be taking place B. take place C. be taken place D. have taken place68. A. while B. yet C. though D. and then69. A. available for B. available to C. used by D. ready for70. A. over B. from C. out of D. outside71. A. when B. while C. since D. then72. A. started B. founded C. set up D. organized73. A. out of B. away from C. next to D. near74. A. Attracted B. Surprised C. Delighted D. Enjoyed75. A. inner B. central C. shopping D. downtown76. A. distinction B. fame C. popularity D. liking77. A. on B. in turn C. by turns D. further78. A. by B. During C. In D. Towards79. A. cheapness B. readiness C. convenience D. handiness80. A. because of B. and C. with D. provided。

大学12月四级英语考试模拟过关训练题及答案

大学12月英语四级模拟过关训练题及答案Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic What Electives To Choose. You should write at least 120 words according to theoutline given below in Chinese:1. 各学校开了各种各样的选修课2. 学生选课有不同的原因3. 就我而言What Electives To ChoosePart ⅡRading comprehension (Skimming and scanning) (15minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passsage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in thepassage.Univeraities Branch OutAs never before in their long story, universities have become instruments of nationalcompetition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scientific discoveries thatmove economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantages. But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flowof goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force forglobal integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have becomeMore self-consciousy global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entirerange of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, offering courses of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world and collaborative（合作的）research programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity.Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across borders. Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.0 percent, from 8000,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2994. Most travel from one developed nation to another, but the flow from developing to developed countries id growing rapidly. The reverse flow, from developed to developing countries, is on the rise, too. Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States and 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. And the number crossing borders for undergraduate study is growing as well, to 8 percent of the undergraduates at America’s best institutions and 10 percent of all undergraduates in the U.K. In the United States, 20 percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born, and in China many newly hired faculty hired faculty members at the top research universities received their graduate education abroad.Universities are also encouraging students to spend some of their undergraduate years in another country. In Europe, more than 140,000 students participate in the Erasmus program each year, taking courses for credit in one of 2, 2000 participating institutions across the continent. And in the United States, institutions are helping place students in summer internships（实习）abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at least one international study or internship opportunity and providing the financial resources to make it possible.Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yale professor and Howard Hughes Medical Shanghai’s Fudan University, in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students working in a 4,300-square-meter laboratory seminars with scientists from both campuses. The arrangement benefits both countries;Xu’s Yale lab is more productive, thanks to the lower costs of conducing from a word-class scientist and his U.S. team.As a result of its strength in science, the United States has consistently led of the world in the world inthe commercialization of major new technologies, from the mainframe computer and integrated circuit of the 1960s to the internet infrastructure(基础设施)and applications software ofthe 1990s.The link between university-based science and industrial application is often indirect but sometimes highly visible: Silicon Valley was intentionally created by Stanford University, andRoute 128 outside Boston has long housed companies spun off from MIT and Harvard. Around the world ,governments have encouraged copying of his model, perhaps most successfully in Cambridge, England, where Microsoft and scores of other leading software and biotechnology companies have set up shop around the university.For all its success, the United States remains deeply hesitant about sustaining the research university model. Most politician recognize the link between investment in science and nationalEconomic strength, but support for research funding has been unsteady. The budget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and 2003,but has risen more slowly than inflations since then. Support for the physical sciences and engineering barely kept pace with inflation during that same period. The attempt to make up lost ground is welcome, but the nation would be better served by steady, predictable increases in science funding at the rate of long-term GDP growth, which is on the order of inflation plus 3 percent per year.American politicians have great difficulty recognizing that admitting more foreign students can greatly promote the national interest by increasing international understanding. Adjusted for inflation, public funding for international exchanges and foreign-language study is well below the levels of 40 years ago. In the wake of September 11,changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to U.S. Universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U .K. Objections from Americans university and business leaders led to improvements in the process and a reversal of the decline ,but the United States is still seen by many as unwelcoming to international students.Most Americans recognize that universities contribute to the nation’s well-being through their scientific research, but many fear that foreign students threaten American competitiveness by taking their knowledge and skills back home. They fail to grasp that welcoming foreign students and like immigrants throughout history-strength the nation; and second, foreign students who study in the United States become ambassadors for many of its most cherished(珍视) values when they return home. Or at least they understand them better. In America as elsewhere, few Instruments of foreign policy are as effective inpromoting peace and stability as welcoming international university students.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

12月英语四级模拟测试卷及答案（4）

12月英语四级模拟测试卷及答案（4）2016年12月英语四级模拟测试卷及答案Part Ⅳ Error Correction (15 minutes)Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In the passage there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank.A man or woman makes direct contact with society in two ways:as member of some familiar,professional or religious group,or as a member of a crowd.Groups are able of being as moral and intelligent as the individuals who form it;a crowd is chaotic,has no purpose of its own and is capable of everything except intelligent action and realistic thinking.Assembling in a crowd,people lose their powers of reasoning and their capacity for normal chose. Their suggestibility is increased to the point that they cease to have any judgement or will of their own. They become very excitable, they lose all sense of individual or collective responsibility, they are subject for sudden excesses of rage, enthusiasm and panic. In a word, a man in a crowd behave as though he had swallowed a large does of some powerful intoxicant.71. ____72. ____73. ____74. ____75. ____76. ____77. ____78. ____79. ____80. ____Part Ⅴ Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic. “Rechoice of Professions—A Social Problem”. You should write at least 150 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese ) below:1. 下岗人员(laid off personnel)面临一个严肃的问题——再就业。

12月英语四级全真预测试卷及答案解析(4)

最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：/wenkxd.htm（报名网址）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Online Education. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 目前网络教育形成热潮2. 我认为形成这股热潮的原因是……3. 我对网络教育的评价Online Education本文来源:考试大网Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The World in a Glass: Six Drinks That Changed HistoryTom Standage urges drinkers to savor the history of their favorite beverages along with the taste.The author of A History of the World in 6 Glasses (Walker & Company, June 2005), Standage lauds the libations that have helped shape our world from the Stone Age to the present day."The important drinks are still drinks that we enjoy today," said Standage, a technology editor at the London-based magazine the Economist. "They are relics (纪念物)of different historical periods still found in our kitchens."Take the six-pack, whose contents first fizzed at the dawn of civilization.BeerThe ancient Sumerians, who built advanced city-states in the area of present-day lraq, began fermenting(发酵)beer from barley at least 6,000 years ago."When people started agriculture the first crops they produced were barley or wheat. You consume those crops as bread and as beer," Standage noted. "It’s the drink associated with the dawn of civilization. It’s as simple as that."Beer was popular with the masses from the beginning."Beer would have been something that a common person could have had in the house and made whenever they wanted," said Linda Bisson, a microbiologist at the Department of Viticulture and Enology at the University of California, Davis."The guys who built the pyramids were paid in beer and bread," Standage added. "It was the defining drink of Egypt and Mesopotamia. Everybody drank it. Today it’s the drink of the working man, and it was then as well."WineWine may be as old or older than beer—though no one can be certain.Paleolithic humans probably sampled the first "wine" as the juice of naturally fermented wild grapes. But producing and storing wine proved difficult for early cultures."To make wine you have to have fresh grapes," said Bisson, the UC Davis microbiologist. "for beer you can just store grain and add water to process it at any time."Making wine also demanded pottery that could preserve the precious liquid."Wine may be easier to make [than beer], but it’s harder to store," Bisson added. "For most ancient cultures it would have been hard to catch [fermenting grape juice] as wine on its way to [becoming] vinegar."Such caveats and the expense of producing wine helped the beverage quickly gain more cachet(威望)than beer. Wine was originally associated with social elites and religious activities.Wine snobbery may be nearly as old as wine itself. Greeks and Romans produced many grades of wine for various social classes.The quest for quality became an economic engine and later drove cultural expansion."Once you had regions [like Greece and Rome] that could distinguish themselves as making good stuff, it gave them an economic boost," Bisson said. "Beer just wasn’t as special."SpiritsHard liquor, particularly brandy and rum, placated (安抚)sailors during the long sea voyages of the Age of Exploration, when European powers plied the seas during the 15th, 16th, and early 17th centuries.Rum played a crucial part of the triangular trade between Britain, Africa, and the North American colonies that once dominated the Atlantic economy.Standage also suggests that rum may have been more responsible than tea for the independence movement in Britain’s American colonies."Distilling molasses for rum was very important to the New England economy," he explained. "When the British tried to tax molasses it struck at the heart of the economy. The idea of ’no taxation without representation’originated with molasses and sugar. Only at the end did it refer to tea."Great Britain’s longtime superiority at sea may also owe a debt to its navy’s drink of rum-based choice, grog(掺水烈酒),which was made a compulsory beverage for sailors in the late 18th century."They would make grog with rum, water, and lemon or lime juice," Standage said. "This improved the taste but also reduced illness and scurvy. Fleet physicians thought that this had doubled the efficiency of the fleet."CoffeeThe story of modern coffee starts in the Arabian Peninsula, where roasted beans were first brewed around A.D. 1000. Sometime around the 15th century, coffee spread throughout the Arab world."In the Arab world, coffee rose as an alternative to alcohol, and coffeehouses as alternatives to taverns(酒馆)—both of which are banned by Islam," Standage said.When coffee arrived in Europe it was similarly hailed as an "anti-alcohol" that was quite welcome during the Age of Reason in the 18th century."Just at the point when the Enlightenment is getting going, here’s a drink that sharpens the mind," Standage said. "The coffeehouse is the perfect venue(聚会地点)to get together and exchange ideas and information. The French Revolution started in a coffeehouse."Coffee also fuelled commerce and had strong links to the rituals of business that remain to the present day. Lloyds of London and the London Stock Exchange were both originally coffeehouses.TeaTea became a daily drink in China around the third century A.D.Standage says tea played a leading role in the expansion of imperial and industrial might in Great Britain many centuries later. During the 19th century, the East India Company enjoyed a monopoly on tea exports from China."Englishmen around the world could drink tea, whether they were a colonial administrator in India or a London businessman," Standage said. "The sun never set on the British Empire—which meant that it was always teatime somewhere."As the Industrial Revolution of 18th and 19th centuries gained steam, tea provided some of the fuel. Factory workers stayed alert during long, monotonous shifts thanks to welcome tea breaks.The beverage also had unintended health benefits for rapidly growing urban areas. "When you start packing people together in cities it’s helpful to have a water-purification technology like tea," which was brewed with boiling water, Standage explained.Coca-colaIn 1886 pharmacist John Stith Pemberton sold about nine Coca-colas a day.Today his soft drink is one of the world’s most valuable brands-sold in more countries than the United Nations has members."It may be the second most widely understood phrase in the world after ’OK’," Standage said.The drink has become a symbol of the United States—love it or hate it. Standage notes that East Germans quickly reached for Cokes when the Berlin Wall fell, while Thai Muslims poured it out into the streets to show disdain for the U.S. in the days leading up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq."Coca-cola encapsulates what happened in the 20th century: the rise of consumer capitalism and the emergence of America as a superpower," Standage said. "It’s globalization in a bottle."While Coke may not always produce a smile, a survey by the Economist magazine (Standage’s employer), suggests that the soft drink’s presence is a great indicator of happy citizens. When countries were polled for happiness, as defined by a United Nations index, high scores correlated with sales of Coca-Cola."It’s not because [Coke] makes people happy, but because [its] sales happen in the dynamic free-market economies that tend to produce happy people," Standage said.1. The passage gives a brief description of the content of a new book, A History of the World in 6 Glasses.2. The ancient Sumerians began fermenting beer from barley at least 6,000 years ago.3. Today beer is the drink of the working man, which was not the case before.4. Greeks probably sampled the first "wine" as the juice of naturally fermented wild grapes.5. The caveats and the expense of producing wine helped it quickly gain more cachet than beer.6. Standage suggests that tea may have been more responsible than rum for the independence movement in Britain’s American colonies.7. Coffee is the best drink according to Standage.8. Sometime around the 15th century coffee spread throughout ________.9. During the 19th century, the monopoly on tea exports from China is ________.10. Coca-Cola has become a symbol of ________.“成千上万人疯狂下载。

12月四级考试模拟试卷及答案

12月四级考试模拟试卷及答案12月四级考试模拟试卷及答案12月四级考试模拟试卷及答案part i listening comprehension (20 minutes) section a directions: in this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. at the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. after each question there will be a pause. during the pause, you must read the four choices marked [a], [b], [c] and [d], and decide which is the best answer. then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.example: you will hear:you will read: [a] at the office. [b] in the waiting room.[c] at the airport. [d] in a restaurant.from the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. this conversation is most likely to have taken place at the office. therefore, [a] "at the office" is the best answer. you should choose [a] on the answer sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.sample answer [a] [b] [c] [d]1. [a] the woman bought the jeans cheaper than the man\'s wife.[b] the jeans the woman bought was worth the money.[c] the man\'s wife bought two jeans for 150 yuan.[d] the man\'s wife is good at bargaining.2. [a] english husbands usually do a lot of housework.[b] english husbands are usually interesting.[c] english husbands are good at sports.[d] english husbands enjoy doing housework.3. [a] luck. [b] a restaurant. [c] a waiter\'s job. [d] looking for a job.4. [a] the man should call bill to check his schedule.[b] the woman should have left for the airport earlier.[c] the woman does not need to rush to meet bill.[d] traffic near the airport could delay the woman\'s arrival.5. [a] announce appeals for public service. [b] hold a charity concert to raise money.[c] ask the school radio station for help. [d] draw money to fund the radio station.6. [a] in a restaurant. [b] in a bank. [c] at the airport. [d] ata hotel.7. [a] she likes the native handicrafts.[b] she dislikes native art a lot.[c] she hasn\'t learned to appreciate art yet.[d] she has never bought any native art before.8. [a] it is serious. [b] it is pretended.[c] it is brief but real. [d] it only occurs when there\'s a party.9. [a] customer and waitress. [b] teacher and student.[c] boss and secretary. [d] lawyer and client.10. [a] the clerk doesn\'t like to be bothered.[b] the machine was just repaired.[c] she can teach the man how to operate the machine.[d] the man shouldn\'t make any more copies.section bdirections: in this section, you will hear 3 short passages. at the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. after you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [a], [b], [c] and [d]. then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.passage onequestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. [a] the advantages of an economy based on farming.[b] reason that farmers continued using river transportation.[c] the role of cotton in the united states economy.[d] improved methods of transporting farm crops.12. [a] the new technology used to build roads.[b] the ability to transport goods over land.[c] the trade in grain and cotton.[d] the linking of smaller local roads into one long road.13. [a] they reduced charges for transporting farm products.[b] they required payment from vehicles that used their roads.[c] they made repairs to older roads.[d] they installed streetlights on roads connecting major cities.passage twoquestions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. [a] to look back to the early days of computers.[b] to explain what technical problems may occur with computers.[c] to encourage necessary investment in computers.[d] to warn against a mentally lazy attitude towards computers.15. [a] use them for business purposes only.[b] check all their answers.[c] substitute them for basic thinking.[d] be reasonably skeptical about them.16. [a] a computer used exclusively by one company for its own problems.[b] a person\'s storage of knowledge and the ability to process the computer.[c] the most up-to-date in-house computer a company can buy.[d] a computer from the post-war era which is very reliable.17. [a] computer science courses in high schools.[b] business men and women who use pocket calculators.[c] maintenance checks on computers.[d] companies which depend exclusively on computersfor decision-making.passage threequestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. [a] how spiders gather food.[b] why spider webs are so strong.[c] how spider build their webs.[d] how new kinds of structures might be designed.19. [a] they\'re much larger than spiders.[b] they\'re quite delicate.[c] they have unusual ways of gathering food.[d] they developed a long time before spiders.20. [a] chemists.[b] architects.[c] airline pilots.[d] auto designers.part ii reading comprehension (35 minutes)directions: there are 4 passages in this part. each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. for each of them there are four choices marked [a], [b], [c] and [d], you should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single linethrough the centre.passage onequestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.with the prospect of coal and petroleum supplies depleted and with air pollution becoming as increasing concern, the major countries of the world are seeking alternate sources of energy. if a means to obtain energy from water, especially from the ocean, can be effected economically, it would furnish a never ending supply of energy, since 70% of the earth\'s surface is ocean and another 10% is fresh water in rivers and lakes.from the beginning of time man has used water power as a source of work waterfalls and dams but these are fresh water sources and are landlocked. the seas have contributed little or nothing in the way of power. the use of temperature variation between currents is one area of exploration. ocean water is heated by the sun near the equator and drawn by the rotation of the earth toward the poles, where it cools and drops toward the ocean floor and starts its journey back toward the equator. the differential (差别) between the two currents is 35 degrees to 45 degrees fahrenheit and to use it the scientists must find the places where they run near land and are not too far awayfrom each other. one area that meets these requirements is the caribbean sea.oceans also offer wave power, tides and the chemical propensities (倾向) of salt water as potential sources of energy. all these uses are theoretically possible. britain\'s department of energy is interested in wave power, using a string of "tear drop" devices that depend on very active wave areas and 100 feet depths. in addition to this, the british are working on a method that the japanese have already put into practical use on a small scale for powering their navigational buoys. this method is called an oscillating (震荡)water column and rides the waves with a series of cylinders having one-way air valves. wave movement produces air under pressure that has only one escape route to a turbine (涡轮) that powers a generator.21. according to the first two paragraphs, _____.[a] the use of water is a completely new concept[b] the sea has long been used as a way of power[c] water is a source of energy far more economical than any other energies[d] water, if properly handled, may present a promising solution to energy crisis22. the word "depleted" (line 1, para. 1) possibly means_______ .[a] exhausted [b] discarded [c] polluted [d] disappeared23. according to the passage, the caribbean sea is a place where _____.[a] two currents of different temperatures run near to each other and not far away from land[b] two currents of different temperatures run near to each other but far away from land[c] the ocean water is heated by the sun[d] the ocean water gets cool24. we can learn from the passage that _____.[a] as far as energy source is concerned, salt water is useless because of its chemical properties[b] the working principle of a vibrating water column is to use water as a direct power driving a generator[c] britain is pursuing a method that the japanese have already put into practice[d] britain is the most advanced country in developing new energy source25. what is the passage mainly about?[a] energy crisis.[b] water as a possible solution to energy crisis.[c] history of the use of water as a source of work energy.[d] properties of water.passage twoquestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.we have emphasized so far the significance of scarcity the limited means to satisfy human wants. because of scarcity, choices are necessary. an easy example of the problem of choice is a person\'s decision about how to allocate his or her time. as the old saying goes, there are only 24 hours in a day. if we take off 8 hours for a reasonable night\'s sleep, this leaves 16 hours to be allocated among all other possible things working at one or more jobs, watching tv, studying, playing tennis, etc. one can do with the limited available waking hours. clearly, each person must make choices about how much of their limited available time will be spent on each possible activity.when choices are made among alternatives such as those just described, it becomes plain that choosing one alternative often involves giving up another. for example, suppose you go to classes 4 hours a day and get 8 hours of sleep. you will have an additional 12 waking hours to allocate per day. suppose now that the only other activities you view as worth pursuingare watching tv and studying. if you choose to watch tv for 12 hours a day, no time will be left for studying, assuming you continue to sleep for 8 hours in each 24-hour period and do not cut classes. if you choose each day to devote 6 hours to studying, only 6 of the 12 waking hours will be available for watching tv. you must give up the opportunity of watching more hours of tv in the process of choosing to study. we can therefore say that the decision to study costs you 6 hours of tv watching.economists use the term "opportunity cost" to mean the cost of a specific choice measured in terms of the next best alternative choice. in other words, it is what the decision maker must forego in order to make the choice that is finally made. thus, in our example, the opportunity cost of studying for 6 hours was 6 hours of watching tv. we can see many other examples of opportunity costs around us. for example, governments are faced with limited budgets and therefore with limited resources that can be used to provide goods and services to citizens. if a government chooses to improve its military forces, it may well do so by allocating fewer resources for libraries or schools. the opportunity cost of a strong defense may be a reduction in the size of library holdings oreducational services.26. what is most probably the key point discussed immediately before this passage?[a] limited time. [b] making choices.[c] opportunity cost. [d] the shortage of resources.27. according to the passage, choices must be made because ______.[a] resources are abundant[b] there is too much for us to do[c] there are only 24 waking hours in a day[d] our means are limited, but our wants are unlimited28. according to the passage, economists define "opportunity cost" as "_______".[a] an opportunity given up in terms of cash[b] the cost of a better choice measured in terms of cash :[c] giving up a specific choice for the next best alternative[d] the cost of a specific choice measured in terms of any alternative choice29. in the examples cited in the passage, the opportunity cost of studying for 4 hours per day was_____.[a] 4 hours of watching tv [b] 4 hours of classes[c] 4 hours of sleep [d] 8 hours of sleep30. if a government chooses to allocate more of its resources to its military forces, there is a possibility of reduction in resources allocated for _____.[a] libraries and education [b] libraries and business firms[c] education and business firms [d] libraries, business firms and educationpassage threequestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.going online is a favorite recreation for millions of american children. almost 10 million (14 percent) of america\'s 69 million children are online. the internet both entertains and educates children, however, there are some possible negative consequences for children who access kid-based web sites. advertising on kid-based web sites has become both a rapidly growing market for consumer companies and a concern for parents. with a click on an icon, children can link to advertisers and be granted tremendous spending power. children are an important target group for consumer companies. children under age 12 spent $ 14 billion, teenagers another $ 67 billion, and together they influenced $ 160 billion of their parents\' incomes.many critics question the appropriateness of targetingchildren in internet advertising and press to require that children be treated as a "special case" by advertisers. because children lack the analytical (分析的) abilities and judgment of adults, they may be unable to evaluate the accuracy of information they view, or understand that the information they provide to advertisers is really just data collected by an advertiser. children generally lack the ability to give consent to the release of personal information to an advertiser，an even greater problem for children when they are offered incentives (刺激) for providing personal information, or when personal information is required before they are allowed to register for various services. children may not realize that in many cases these characters provide hotlinks directly to advertising sites.the internet does present some challenges for advertisers who want to be ethical in their marketing practices. many advertisers argue that we underestimate (低估) the levels of media awareness shown by children. by the age of seven or eight most children can recognize an advertisement and know that its purpose is to sell something and are able to make judgments about the products shown in advertisements. however, this somewhat optimistic and decidedly libertarian view of children runs aground when we realize that they are(like a surprising number of adults) unable to judge accurately between entertainment and advertising. adults can fend for themselves but, as marketers, we should be explicit (明确的) about our purpose when advertising to children on the internet.31. according to the first paragraph, children as an internet market _____.[a] are becoming increasingly rational[b] are using it at an earlier and earlier age[c] has created a growing advertising market[d] are overtaking the adult market due to their spending power32. targeting children for advertising is controversial because children _____.[a] are unable to analyze and judge advertisements[b] are unable to give consent since they are too young[c] often give off information that may be dangerous to them[d] are not ready to evaluate advertisements or information requests33. many advertisers defend the targeting of children because _____.[a] no actual sales take place[b] it is up to parents to monitor their children[c] children understand what an advertisement is trying to do[d] children are provided a game in return for the information34. one reason why children are unable to resist giving personal information on the internet is that ____.[a] they feel they must follow an adult\'s orders[b] it is presented in connection with entertainment[c] they do not know that the information is going to be read by someone[d] due to their inability to distinguish an advertisement from a non-advertisement35. in the passage the author wants his marketers to understand that _____.[a] advertising to children must stop[b] a libertarian view in advertising is unethical[c] advertising to children must have a clear purpose[d] children must be treated differently when advertisingpassage fourquestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.what is the relation between the code and culture which creates it, and which it transmits to the next generation? linguists in the anthropological tradition had tried to establish links with meanings expressed lexically: eskimo words for snow , arabic words for camel and so on. yet vocabulary only reflects culture by courtesy of (蒙...提供) its internal organization as a whole; and the assertion that because \'camels\' are important to the arabs, therefore they have a lot of different words for \'them\' is a statement as much about english as about arabic. presumably nothing is more important than rice to the chinese; yet chinese has a single word for rice and it means various other things besides. chinese happens to be a type of language that favors general nouns.as the essential medium for people to organize and convey their ideas, language is no longer what it seemed to be for the traditional linguists who used to think of language as simple formal codes. it is also closely related to the context, social or anthropological, in which the communication takes place. today most linguists come to realize that language is an important component of culture. it determines not only the form in which ideas are transmitted, but also the method withwhich the content of the ideas are organized. in this perspective, language is also a communicative base on which members of a speech community form their ideas in a way that is readily comprehensible to other members of that community. it is also regarded as part of culture that is related to other fields of humanity (人类) studies.but what is merely comic (滑稽的) when applied to lexics (词汇学) becomes seriously misleading when applied to grammar. as whorf pointed 50 years ago, it is naive and dangerous to take isolated grammatical phenomena and try to relate them to features of a culture. when linguists recognized this, their response was to avoid the language/culture issue altogether, thus closing the door on an important area of research. that there is a relationship between a code and the culture that engenders (造成) it is beyond question; but it is an extremely complex and abstract one.36. the first paragraph mainly discusses _____.[a] the early history of human language[b] how important words are in the cultural issue[c] the way in which people name different things[d] the relation between language and culture on thelexical level37. according to the anthropologists, the importance of a meaning _____.[a] reflect the customs[b] is reflected by the number of words referring to it[c] is connected with next generation[d] reflect certain cultures38. the author cites the only chinese word for rice to show that _____.[a] the chinese people especially enjoy rice[b] the chinese people have a different viewpoint[c] important foods are not always named by many words[d] something culturally important may not be important in language39. from the arabic words for camel and the eskimo words for snow , we can infer that _____.[a] language may reflect living conditions[b] different languages may have the same origin[c] people enjoy different things in different cultures[d]language can be used to show people\'s versatility40. which of the following most appropriately describesthe author\'s logic of writing this passage?[a] analyze an issue and in the end draw a conclusion.[b] present and analyze an opinion and then argue against it.[c] compare two different opinions and prove one of them is right.[d] present a question, analyze it and make efforts to answer it, and in the end leave the question unanswered.part iii vocabulary (20 minutes)directions: there arc 30 incomplete sentences in this part. for each sentence there are four choices marked [a], [b], [c] and [d]. choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.41. trees are a renewable resource that when managed properly can _____ our needs indefinitely.[a] sustain [b] retain [c] maintain [d] obtain42. the prime minister refused to _____ on the rumor that he had planned to resign.[a] explain [b] comment [c] remark [d] talk43. i ______ them that both the issues mentioned by my friend will be considered at the public inquiry.[a] insure [b] reserve [c] persuade [d] assure44. it is well-known that the retired workers in our country are to _____ free medical care.[a] entitled [b] granted [c] presented [d] promised45. the increase in student numbers ________ many problems for the university.[a] forces [b]presses [c] provides [d] poses46. we may have been poor, but we were always ______ dressed.[a] respectably [b] respectfully [c] politely [d] respectively47. i am not _____ with beautiful dreams, i want beautiful realities.[a] conservative [b] confident [c] content [d] generous48. care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is _____ loud continuous noise.[a] associated with [b] filled with [c] subjected to [d] attached to49. people enter the organization from a(n) _____ range of social, economic, and educational backgrounds.[a] extensive [b] influential [c] diverse [dl peculiar50. the agreement is not _____, because one of the peoplewho signed it is not lawfully old enough to do so.[a] operative [b] effective [c] legal [d] valid51. after everyone was seated the chairman ______to announce his plans.[a] progressed [b] promoted [c] proceeded [d] proposed52. teacher\'s notes give practical _____ on developing reading skills, together with ideas for implementing play-reading in class.[a] notions [b] hints [c] perceptions [d] phases53. his sudden _____ greatly surprised all of us as he was always a very kind man.[a] unhappiness [b] heartiness [c] harshness [d] uprightness54. she packed her bags, then called the airport and made a(n) _____ on the last flight out of los angeles.[a] conservation [b] reservation [c] preservation[d]observation55. if you are a public figure you can\'t afford to be too _____ to criticism.[a] sensible [b] sensitive [c] rational [d] reasonable56. his spending on pleasure and luxuries is rather high in _____ to his income.[a] comparison [b] calculation [c] association [d] proportion57. i had difficulty in _____ myself from telling her what i thought of her.[a] restraining [b] retaining [c] reserving [d] restricting58. the book gives a brief ____ of the course of his research up till now.[a] outline [b] reference [c] frame [d] outlook59. many species of animals have now _____ from the face of the earth.[a] dissolved [b] vanished [c] faded [d] escaped60. within days of being appointed office manager he had ________ on the staff.[a] compelled [b] imposed [c] opposed [d] compressed61. advertising was _____ never used, even in the early 1970s when the use of search by companies was much less widespread.[a]precisely [b] progressively [c] practically [d] presumably62. i think you can take a(n) _____ language course to improve your english.[a] intermediate [b] middle [c] medium [d]mid63. the chairman of the company said that new techniques had ______ improved their production efficiency.[a] violently [b] severely [c] radically [d] extremely64. which format a participant should choose will depend upon his or her _____ stage, work situation and individual learning style.[a] employment [b] career [c] vocation [d] profession65. but there are no convincing reasons for believing that this would have a _____ effect on economic performance.[a] partial [b] preferable [c] beneficial [d] liable66. the company has just _____ its plans for the coming year, including the opening of new offices in paris.[a] revealed [b] relieved [c]revised [d] reversed67. the _____ between rich and poor is wider in the south than in the rest of the country.[a] difference [b] distinction [c] gap [d] variation68. any investigation which covers a long ____ of time is bound to encounter certain special problems.[a] rank [b] span [c] scope [d] scale69. nevertheless, the united states maintained its military _____ in some african and western asian countries despite international protest. :[a] attachment [b] involvement [c] interaction [d] communication70. bachelor\'s degree graduates get an average of four or five job offers with salaries _____ from the high teens to the low 20s and plenty of chances for rapid advancement.[a] altering [b] ranging [c] differing [d] separatingpart iv cloze (15 minutes)directions: there are 20 blanks in the following passage. for each blank there are four choices marked [a] ,[b] ,[c] and [d] on the right side of the paper. you should choose the one that best fits into the passage. then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.part v writing (30 minutes) directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic a congratulation let ter to a friend. you should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given below in chinese:1.祝贺你的朋友成功考上大学;2.比较中学与大学在学习、生活等方面的不同;3.就如何成功适应大学生活提出你的几点建议(例如:自主学习能力、独立生活能力、与人沟通交往能力和化解压力的方法等.) 听力:cbccd dcadc bcabd bacbc阅读:b bcd c a b d a a a d c c c a c d b a词汇bcdbb cabdd bcdda cddcb bbcbb cddac改错s1. 删掉if s2. seating 改成seated s3.after改成before s4. men改成womens5.focusing改成focus s6. what改成that s7. like改成as s8. through改成bys9. so改成too s10. with改成upon12月四级考试模拟试卷及答案相关内容:。

2013年12月大学英语四级听力模拟试卷及答案（4）

Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A ], [ B], [C] and [ D ], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

11. [A] At the dentist’s. [B] At a grocery. [C] At a lawyer’s. [D] At a psychiatrist’s. 12. [A] Purchase some ingredients. [B] Give the man a recipe. [C] Write down the directions to the supermarket. [D] Check to see if the stew is ready. 13. [A] She doesn’t like to watch basketball. [B] She would like the man to accompany her to the game. [C] She doesn’t have a television. [D] She’ll sell the man her ticket. 14. [A] He failed to finish the experiment that day. [B] He hasn’t had time to do the experiment. [C] He did only part of the experiment. [D] The experiment turned out well. 15. [A] The man is a football fan. [B] The man needs the woman’s help. [C] The man didn’t watch TV last night. [D] The man often has power failure at home. 16. [A] An art museum. [B] A beautiful park. [C] A college campus. [D] An architecture exhibition. 17. [A] Mike should have arrived at 8:00. [B] Mike will arrive at 8:30. [C] Mike is usually punctual. [D] Mike is not very punctual. 18. [A] Airplane. [B] Bus. [C] Subway. [D] Car. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. [A] Tobacco advertisement. [B] Tobacco companies. [C] Smoking men. [D] Smoking women. 20. [A] 14,000. [B] 15,000. [C] 140,000. [D] 1,400,000. 21. [A] A light cigarette contains low nicotine. [B] Smoking a light cigarette is different from smoking a regular one. [C] Women who smoke light cigarettes want to get higher levels of nicotine. [D] Tobacco companies advertise cigarettes as "light" to obscure smoking risks. 22. [A] Macho or cool expression. [B] Social and culture events. [C] Sports and entertainment. [D] Social and political issues. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 23. [A] By train and by car. [B] By plane and by coach. [C] By train and by bus. [D] By bus and by plane. 24. [A] Short hair. [B] Glasses. [C] Moustache. [D] Beard. 25. [A] In the third room on the right. [B] In the Common Room. [C] In a room at this end. [D] In Room 501. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [ A], [ B ],[C]and [D ]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

12月CET4模拟试卷及答案

12月CET4模拟试卷及答案12月CET4模拟试卷及答案篇1professor kumar bhatt, founder and head of warwick manufacturing group(wmg), and rob meakin, a personnel director at marconi, have developed a partnership to train engineers and managers to becomee-literate. the new knowledge partnership will include a team of 40 marconi managers in what professor bhatt calls electronic engineering management or e2. a wide range of engineering and non-engineering companies has expressed interest in these exciting programs.professor bhatt believes that e-commerce is changing the business environment to a huge extent. many chief executives do not understand the power of the new technologies and, in some cases, are actually resisting change. he says that “as long as enough industry leaders realize its potential benefits, e-businesswill make possible a second productivity revolution in britain. this could take the economy close to eliminating the still substantial competitiveness gap with its main rivals. over the last five years in the us there has been a 30% improvement in manufacturing sector productivity because of information technology. in britain we can achieve more than that and successful e-business will be worth billions to the uk economy.”already britain makes more use of computer-aided design and manufacture (cad/cam) and management information technology systems than other european countries, and has a government that actively promotes e-business. but, observes professor bhatt, britain has never used technology as a growth driver. “the thing about electronic engineering management is that you can keep your legacy systems; you just need tolink those systems with an information engine. at the touch of a buttonit will allow project managers to see the status of a project, identify problems precisely and make virtually immediate decisions based on information that will be much more complete than in the past.”the e2 program is the result of an alliance by the warwick manufacturing group with america’s leading e-commerce studycenter,carnegie mellon. the latter will be responsible for training many of the marconi managers in america, where the group has half its business. in britain, professor bhatt has linked up with sun microsystems, oracle and parametric technology, to set up amulti-million pound e2 design and manufacturing center at theuniversity which will be used for training and research.professor bhatt believes that e-commerce is changing business tosuch an extent that wmg is likely to be renamed warwick electronicmanufacturing group. but, he warns “the move to globalize because ofe-commerce is racing ahead. although the net allows british industryto overtake their european peers, it also offers asian countries toleapfrog(相互超越) the west. for the first time it is not the privilegeof the western world because this technology is universal.”a) they do not understand a possible second productivity revolution in britain.d) they sometimes are against the change resulted from new technologies.23.according to the passage, what do you know about e-business in britain?d) e-business has great potential and will make changes in the　country.a) britain can be competitive to us in the area of information　technology.b) britain has already taken the advantages of running engineering　management.c) as with many other european countries, britain has made use of computer-aided systems.d) e-commerce has offered opportunities to european countries to　eliminate the competitiveness gap with all the rivals.a)britain is going to catch up with all other european countries in the field of electronic engineering managementc)the e-commerce has offered asian countries the chance to overtake britain and the rest of europeemotional maturity means knowing that another person cannot fill up　the hole in your heart. that is your responsibility. you need to　love and affirm yourself day-by-day, moment-by-moment. that is the　spiritual challenge of your life and everybody’s life. without your　love for yourself, nothing works. no amount of love from your　partner is enough. the search for love from other people is like the alcoholic’s search forhappiness in a bottle. the more he drinks,　the less satisfied he feels and the more he wants to drink.we are all addicted to falling in love. but after we’ve “fallen” a　few times and broken our emotional bones, we hopefully wise up a　bit. we know that the high of falling in love is not going to last.　we know that sooner or later we will have to get real with each　other. that is the difference between romance and partnership.　romance is an attempt tokeep the addiction going. it has a very　short half-life. partnership is the dance of two ordinary people　learning to live together day by day.it is a very challenging　school that we enroll in. it is sometimes a lot more work than play.　and it certainly requires a lot more psychological adjustment than　years of therapy! we don’t just graduate from this school in a year　or two. it takes many years, perhaps even a lifetime,for us to　master the curriculum.　your partners are imperfect human beings, just like you. they were　not the “wrong” partners any morethan you were. probably, they　reflected your own level of realism and emotional maturity. that’s　usually the way it works. so don’t wasteyour time thinking you　simply made some bad choices. the only bad choice you made was　forgetting who has the full time job loving you. i knowthat you　know who this is !we keep remembering that they are not perfect, nor we are. love isnot a game of perfection. it is a game of overwhelming imperfection.the amazing thing is that love survives all of our mistaken attempts　to control our partners and our relationships.d) love lies in the maturity of emotion which is essential to a　partnership or relationship27.which of the following statements is true according to the　passage?b) as long as we are emotionally mature, we can always enjoy the　high of falling in love.c) love doesn’t die even if we make wrong attempts to control our　partners.a) the more we try to control our partners and relationships, the　better we can enjoy loveb) the more frequently we fall in love, the more intelligent we’ll　bec) the more emotionally mature a couple are, the more harmonious they will live29.by saying “they were not the ‘wrong’ partners any more than you　were.”(para 3), the author means ___.b) in some partnership or relationship, he or she tries to control　the other.c) through psychological adjustment and therapy, one will feel　satisfied with love.d) partnership is a school from which it is not easy for us to　graduate.in a growing number of conflicts around the world, one or both sides　attempt to label the other as “terrorist” in an effort to win support for their own causes. yet as the so-called “terrorists group” often proclaim, a clear distinction between a terrorist　action and a non-terrorist military operation is frequently difficult to establish. most governments argue that terrorism is defined by violent methods to achieve political ends which are undertaken by organizations not recognized bythe world community as legitimate representatives of a nation; furthermore, random acts of violence, like attacks on school buses or shopping centers, are labeled as “terrorist”. political organization as the ira(irishrepublican army) and the plo (palestine liberation organization)　have been dubbed(称为) “terrorists”, by the governments of england and israel because of their tactics and their non-official statuses as representatives of accurately defined nations. in the case of the plo, however, its election to power under yasser arafat has now　confused its former recognition as terrorist. even the ira is　earning status as an authentic opposition voice to the continued　presence of british troops on irish soil.all this simply highlights the problems of separating what is a　legitimate political organization with “the right” to employ　violence to achieve political ends from so-called terrorist groups.　inseparable from this issue is historical precedence(地位先后) and the　degree of power and prestige an organization or nation has on the　world stage. for example, while most independent observes would　agree that the ira setting off a bomb in a london subway station　confirms its notoriety, they would be less certain that israel’s　recent bombing of a refugee camp is equally “terrorist”, despite the　fact that many more innocent people were killed and injured in the　latter incident than in the former. this raises the question, though　certainly not for the first time, whether legitimate, even　democratically elected, governments are also capable of terrorist　action. is there always a clear moral distinction between the　behavior of normally respected nations and that of “rogue”(流氓)　organizations? what does seem clear from these reflections is not　that terrorist actions are in any way justified, but that the use of　such labels is sometimes based on a political needrather than on　superior moral or ethical grounds.a) non-official status of a political organization involves　terrorist suspicion.it is curious how much one despises and condemns the vices which one　does not happen to possess. i am indeed not a severe man, nor would　i permit myself to become intolerant of those failings which i share　with others. but, having no particular temptation to be untruthful,　i find myself believing that when one comes to think of it, truth is　the major virtue and lying the most blameworthy of all the vices.i　should like, therefore, to get my mind a little clearer on the truth　question. i flatter myself, as i have said, that i am a truthful　man: a man who, when he tells a lie, is careful not to forget that　he has done so, andwho takes infinite precautions to prevent his　being found out. this, in the end, is the only test by which you can　distinguish the liar from the man of truth. the latter which is　bothered by untruthfulness, is worried and anxious. the real liar,　however, is merely amused: he doesn’t mind in the least even if he　is subsequently exposed: he regards the truthful man as somewhat of　a fool.but this surely is one of the many false statements with which the　real liar will try hard to idealize his failing. it may be inevitabe　and even just to tell lies, but it cannot seriously be argued that　such habits are intelligent. a lie is always an act of mental　cowardice, whereas intelligence is brave. and yet there was　bismarck, and yet there was napoleon-surely intelligent man, and　surely liars. the problem, therefore, is not so simple as it seems.　it was simple enough, in those old days, to define with approximate　accuracy when a given statement ceased to be the truth and became a　lie. the essential test was whether the maker of a false statement　knew that he was saying something false, and consciously wished his　audience to accept, and to remain under, this false impression. life　in civilized communities is a process of adjusting the personal to　the social, of conforming the individual impression to the joint　impressions of the common people. this process of adjustment leads　inevitably and rightly to a certain unconscious deception. absolute　truth, whether unconscious or even conscious, is thus impossible. it　is to relative truth only that we can hope to aspire.a) a person shows strong disapproval of the vices an individual　doesn’t havec) one may be tempted to untruthfulness when one comes to think of　itd) untruthfulness is a serious fault of character which he condemns　strongly38.the essential distinction between a truthful person and a liar　lies in the fact that ___.b) the latter takes great care to hinder his untruths from being　exposedc) the former is willing to confess his untruthfulness when he tells　a liec) argue that their habits of telling lies are intelligent rather　than foolishb) in modern society, nobody can escape the risk of making a false　statement, intentionally or unintentionallydirections:there are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. for each　sentence there are four choices marked a), b), c) and d). choose the　one that best completes the sentence. then mark the corresponding　letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.41.a great deal of ___ for our success should go to michael lee,　head of our team.42.they question whether a fair way can be ___ to tell which　employees really perform better than their fellow employees.43.the report indicates that it is financially ___ to build a water　power station in the area.44.somehow she felt that she herself had to some extent been the cause of all the trouble,and suffered___.45.the gas company ___ a leak in the main line and evacuated all the tenants of the building.46.at the 27th olympic games she ___ two gold and one silver medals　in the track and field events.47.more than 790,000 youths were reported to have____the national　master’s entrance examination last year.48.as a general rule, people with a great deal of ___ often have　admiring friends and bitter enemies.49.after she gave birth to a child, she was ___ to go back to work　in order to make the ends meet.50.that football club tried to ___ the famous player with offers of　a tremendous sum of money.51.many animal can ___ with their surroundings because of their　protective coloring.52.the strange phenomenon has ___ and puzzled many scientists for　more a century.53.as we all know, the same gestures may have different ___ which　vary from one culture to another.54.with the advent of pc and home-information systems, we’ll one day　be able to ___ most business dealings from home.55.it was an awful accident. i wonder how you managed to ___ without　a scratch.56.this difficult problem we face in the project has to be tackled　before we can ___ to others.57.while most scientists agree that the greenhouse effect is coming,　there are not enough data yet to say with absolute ___ what its　consequences will be.58.it is a___that in such a rich and prosperous country there should　be so many poverty-stricken people.59.it’s a well-known fact that truth will in the end ___ over　falsehood, and right over wrong.60.we can’t choose whether we will pay income tax or not, for　payment of income tax is ___.61.it’s generally agreed that fluctuations in birth rate are ___ to　a number of economic factors.62.it’s always better to ___ a problem before it arises than to　search for a solution to it afterwards.63.it takes tremendous courage to ___ a belief that is not shared by　many others.64.as a good employer, he knows how to make full use of the ___ of　his employees’ talents and abilities.65.over the years jazz has changed and developed but it has　essentially ___ its fundamental characteristics.66.economics is a subject that ___ all people’s lives whether they　are conscious of it or not.67.when one gets a good ___ into a problem, he will usually find a　way to approach it or solve it.68.she cares much about other people’s opinions about her and is particularly ___ to personal criticisms.69.my secretary has typed out the first___of the report,but i must　revise it before i submit to the conference.70.they reported the loss in the financial fraud and gave all the　necessary ___ to the police.directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic economic development and moral decline. you　should write at least 150 words and you should base your compositiononthe outline (given in chinese) below:这是一篇议论文。

12月英语四级cet4仔细阅读模拟题

12月英语四级cet4仔细阅读模拟题12月英语四级cet4仔细阅读模拟题时间一天天过去，12月的英语四级离我们也越来越近;同学们，你们是否做好了充足的准备来迎接它呢?以下是店铺为大家带来的12月英语四级cet4仔细阅读模拟题，希望大家喜欢。

Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices markedA.,B., C. andD.. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.An industrial society, especially one as centralized and concentrated as that of Britain, is heavily dependent on certain essential services: for instance, electricity supply, water, rail and road transport, the harbors. The area of dependency has widened to include removing rubbish, hospital and ambulance services, and, as the economy develops, central computer and information services as well. If any of these services ceases to operate, the whole economic system is in danger.It is this economic interdependency of the economic system which makes the power of trade unions (工会)such an important issue. Single trade unions have the ability to cut off many countries economic blood supply.This can happen more easily in Britain than in some other countries, in part because the labor force is highly organized. About 55 percent of British workers belong to unions, compared to under a quarter in the United States.For historical reasons, Britains unions have tended to develop along trade (行业) and occupational lines, rather than on an industry-by-industry basis, which makes a wages policy, democracy in industry and the improvement of procedures for fixing wage levels difficult to achieve.There are considerable strains and tensions in the trade union movement, some of them arising from their outdated and inefficient structure. Some unions have lost many members because of their industrial changes.Others are involved in arguments about who should represent workers in new trades. Unions for skilled trades are separate from general unions, which means that different levels of wages for certain jobs are often a source of bad feelings between unions. In traditional trades which are being pushed out of existence by advancing technologies,unions can fight for their members disappointing jobs to the point where the jobs of other union members are threatened or destroyed. The printing of newspapers both in the United States and in Britain has frequently been halted by the efforts of printers to hold on to their traditional highly-paid jobs.Trade unions have problems of internal communication just as managers in companies do, problems which multiply in very large unions or in those which bring workers in very different industries together into a single general union. Some trade union officials have to be re-elected regularly; others are elected, or even appointed, for life. Trade union officials have to work with a system of "shop stewards" (工厂工人代表) in many unions, "shop stewards" being workers elected by other workers as their representatives at factory or work level.56. Why is the trade union power crucial in Britain?A. Because the economy is very interdependent.B. Because the unions have been established a long time.C. Because there are more unions in Britain than elsewhere.D. Because there are many essential services offered by the unions.57. Because of their out-of-date organization, some unions find it difficult to __________.A. bargain for high enough wagesB. get new members to joinC. learn new technologiesD. change as industries change58. Disagreements arise between unions because some of them__________.A. try to win over members of other unionsB. ignore agreementsC. protect their own members at the expense of othersD. take over other unions jobs59. Why does the author compare the trade unions with managers in companies?A. They are both influential in company affairs.B. They both face problems of internal communication.C. They both work with a system of "shop stewards".D. They both work efficiently.60. The title which best expresses the idea of the text would be __________.A. British Trade Unions and Their DrawbacksB. A Centralized and Concentrated SocietyC. The Power of Trade Unions in BritainD. The Structure of British Trade UnionsPassage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.One of the most interesting paradoxes in America today is that Harvard University, the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States, is now engaged in a serious debate about what a university should be, and whether it is measuring up (符合标准).Like the Roman Catholic Church and other ancient institutions, it is asking--still in private rather than in public--whether its past assumptions about faculty, authority, admissions, courses of study, are really relevant to the problems of our society.Should Harvard--or any other university--be an intellectual sanctuary, apart from the political and social revolution of the age, or should it be a laboratory for experimentation with these political and social revolutions; or even an engine of the revolution? This is what is being discussed privately in the big clapboard ( 楔形板) houses of faculty members around the Harvard Yard.The issue was defined by Walter Lippmann, a distinguished Harvard graduate, many years ago."If the universities are to do their work," he said, "they must be independent and they must be disinterested... They are places to which men can turn for unbiased judgments. Obviously, the moment the universities fall under political control, or under the control of private interests, or the moment they themselves take a hand in politics and the leadership of government, their value as independent and disinterested sources of judgment is impaired..."This is part of the argument that is going on at Harvard today. Another part is the argument of the militant and even many moderated students: that a university is the keeper of our idealsand morals, and should not be "disinterested" but activist in bringing the Nations ideals and actions together.Harvards men of today seem more troubled and less sure about personal, political and academic purpose than they did at the beginning. They are not even clear about how they should debate and resolve their problems, but they are struggling with them privately, and how they come out is bound to influence American university and political life in the 21st century.61. A "paradox"(Line 1, Paragraph 1 ) is__________.A. an unusual situationB. a parenthetical expressionC. a difficult puzzleD. a self-contradiction62. The word "sanctuary", in paragraph 3 refers to __________.A. a holy place dedicated to a certain godB. a temple or nnnnery of the middle ageC. a certain place you can hide in and avoid mishapsD. an academy for intelligent people63. The issues in the debate on Harvards goals are whether the universities should remain independent of our society and its problems, and whether they should __________.A. fight off militarismB. exert greater influence upon the young generationC. take an active part in solving the societys illsD. reconsider the structure of institutes and departments64. In regard to their goals and purposes in life, the author believes that Harward men are becoming __________.A. more sure about themB. less sure about themC. more hopeful of reaching a satisfactory answerD. less interested in them65. In the authors judgment, the ferment going on at Harvard__________.A. will influence the future of AmericaB. will soon be over, because times are bound to changeC. is of interest mostly to Harvard men and their friendsD. is a sad symbol of our general bewilderment【参考译文】一个工业社会对某些基本服务(比如电力供应、水、铁路和公路运输以及港口)有着很强的依赖性，特别是在英国这样集权而集中的国家更是如此。

12月CET-4阅读理解模拟试题及答案

12月CET-4阅读理解模拟试题及答案At dawn on September 5th, 1972 a band of “Black September” Arab guerrillas broke into the Israeli building in the Olympic village near Munich where 10,000 athletes were staying. Over 250 plain clothes police had been brought into the village, following a tip off of trouble ahead, but none of them saw the Arabs scale the fence. They burst into the Israeli building with submachine guns blazing at 5:10 am. Some Israeli athletes escaped through the windows and side doors. Nine were taken hostage. The guerrillas demanded the release of 200 Palestinians held in Israeli jails and a safe passage out of Germany. Within hours the Olympic village was surrounded by 13000 police. The Olympic Games were suspended. After some negotiations, the terrorists were told they would be flown with their hostages to an Arab country. They were taken by helicopter to the Furstenfield military airport 25 miles from Munich. Just before midnight the guerrillas and their hostages began to walk across the tarmac to a waiting Boeing 727 aircraft. Suddenly al the airport lights were turned out and German police sharp shooters opened fire. The rescue attempt failed tragically. In the gun battle all nine hostages were killed, as well as four Arabs and one policeman. Three Arabs were captured and one escaped into the nearby woods. On the 8th, Israeli planes bombed ten guerilla bases in revenge for Munich massacre.21.The most possible reason for Israeli athletes being attacked and kidnapped is that ____.A.they had a conflict with the Arab guerrillasB.the Arab guerrillas wanted to save the Palestinians held in Israeli jailsC.the German Government hated IsraelD.the Arab guerrillas hoped to get a large sum of money22.When the trouble took place, the Olympic Games ____.A.were completedB.were going onC.were to be finishedD.were to take place23.The terrorists were told that they would be probably sent by air to ____.A.ItalyB.IndiaC.SyriaD.Nigera24.How many Arabs were there as terrorists?A.Seven.B.Eight.C.Nine.D.It wasn’t mentioned.25.What do you think Palestine and Israel would act next?A.They would begin another conflict.B.They would begin to negotiate.C.They would try to improve each other’s relation.D.They would turn to UN.参考答案：21.答案B。

2019年12月四级听力模拟试题(四)

2019年12月四级听力模拟试题(四)Directions： In this part, you are to write a composition of no less than 150 words about “College Graduates Work as Village Officials”. You should write according to theoutline given below. Please remember to write it clearly onthe ANSWER SHEET.Some college graduates choose to work as villageofficials.1. Do you think it is a good idea?2. What can they offer the countryside?3. What can they gain from their village positions?College Graduates Work as Village OfficialsThere is no denying the fact that it is a hotly debated topic today how college graduates should choose their careers. Some time ago, it was reported that some college graduates chose to work as village officials. To this people’sattitudes differ sharply. Some hold the positive view while others are against it. As far as I am concerned, I believethat it is a wise choice.On the one hand, college graduates can contribute a lotto the development of the countryside. First, they can apply their professional knowledge there. Secondly, they can introduce new concepts to the countryside and speed the development of rural culture. As a result, the gap betweenthe city and the countryside can well be bridged.On the other hand, these graduates can benefit a lot from working as village officials. While too many collegegraduates are fighting for the handful of positions in big cities, these graduates can find themselves a wider stage of development and realize their value.Therefore, college graduates working as village officials is a win-win choice and more graduates should be encouragedto work in the countryside.考试大Section BDirections： In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you willhear some questions. Both the passage and the questionswill be spoken only once. After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B)， C) andD).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneBesides private bills, there are also public bills that must be paid. Public bills are paid for by the government. In turn, we get these services through taxes. What would happenif everyone in the city stopped paying taxes? The watersupply would stop. Water might even become unclean and impure. The streets might not be cleaned. There would be no police force to protect people and property. Schools would be closed. People would become sick and diseases might spread. We would not want to live in such a city. We all want pure water andfood, clean streets and good schools. We want the police to protect us from crime. The chief duty of every government is to protect persons and property. More than three fourths of the money spent by our government is used for this purpose. The next large amount of public money goes to teach and train our citizens. Billions of dollars each year are spent on schools and libraries. Public money is used to pay the teachers and all the public officials. Also, a large amount of public funds is spent on roads.The greatest part of the needed funds is raised by taxes. Tax is money that we all must pay to support the government. The law orders us to pay taxes. We have no choice in this matter. Almost everyone pays some tax in one form or another.Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. How does the government pay for public bills?27. According to the speaker, what would happen if nobody in the city paid taxes?28. Which of the following costs the largest amount of public money according to the speaker?。

2015年12月大学英语四级考试模拟试卷及答案（4）

北京的胡同不仅仅是平民百姓的生活环境而且还是一门建筑艺术
Part d Be Treasured 1、 A.He hasn't eaten well recently. B.He's been helping his sister a lot. C.He can't stop searching for work yet. D.He's been working on his paper constantly. 2、 A.The meals served at school taste bad. B.The price of school meals will be higher. C.The prize will be awarded next term. D.The school meals have been sold out. 3、 A.Buy a newspaper. B.Ask for directions. C.Stand near the store. D.Help others more often. 4、 A.Borrowed some books from the woman. B.Given the woman a book bag. C.Lent the woman some books. D.Gone away for the weekend. 5、 A.The woman is a close friend of the man. B.The woman has been working too hard. C.The woman is seeing a doctor. D.The woman is tired of her work. 6、 A.There is enough spare time to fix the projector. B.There is another projector the man can use. C.The presentation can be given in another room.

大学英语四级模拟试题四(附含答案解析)

大学英语四级模拟题四Part One Reading Comprehension (2’×10 = 20’)Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneAir pollution can spread from city to city. It even spreads from one country to another. Some northern European countries have had “black snow”from pollutants that have traveled through the air from other countries and have fallen with the snow. So air pollution is really a global problem.Air pollution can kill babies, older people, and those who have respiratory（呼吸的）diseases. As found in cities, air pollution increases the risks of certain lung diseases.Air pollution can cause both airplane and car accidents because it cuts down visibility （能见度）. There are other possible health dangers from air pollution that we don’t know much about. For example, scientists are trying to find out whether chemicals that reach us from the air may cause changes in our cells. These changes might cause babies to be born with serious birth defects. Scientists are trying to learn how all the many chemicals are apt（易于的）to take into our bodies from air, water, food, and even medicines act together to affect our health and the way our bodies work. That is another reason why it is so important to begin to control pollution now instead of waiting until we learn all the answers.Air pollution costs us a lot of money. It corrodes（腐蚀）our buildings. It damages farm crops and forests. It has a destructive effect on our works of art. The cost of all this damage to our government is great. It would be much more worthwhile, both for us and for the government, to spend our tax dollars on air pollution control.1. Air pollution may lead to airplane accidents because .A. it may cause pilots to be illB. engines may fail from the air-borne dirtC. visibility is reducedD. it brings a lot of black snow2. Scientists are trying to find a link between pollution and .A. intelligence levelsB. birth problemsC. man’s behaviorD. the nervous system3. Scientists have not yet determined .A. all of the effects of pollution on the human bodyB. how pollution can be controlled successfullyC. when the atmosphere first became pollutedD. how some snow becomes black4. The author suggests that before air pollution becomes more serious, .A. factories will be forced to stop operatingB. buildings should be protectedC. the earth will begin to grow colderD. more money should be spent to solve the problem5. We can conclude that .A. civilization may be ruined if pollution is not controlledB. pollution is more serious in Europe than it is in AmericaC. most people do not know that pollution is a serious problemD. we should learn all the answers before we begin to control pollutionPassage TwoStiletto heels could be banned from the workplace because of health and safety reasons, according to British Trade Union bosses. The Trade Union Congress, predominantly male, has proposed a motion arguing that high heels are disrespectful to women while they also contribute to long term injuries. They propose instead that women wear “sensible shoes”with an inch heel limit in an attempt to avoid future foot and back pain as well as injuries. The motion is due to be debated at next month’s conference. The motion states: “Congress believes high heels may look glamorous on the Hollywood catwalks but are completely in appropriate for the day-to-day working environment. Feet bear the burden of daily life, and for many workers prolonged standing, badly fitted footwear, and in particular high heels can be a hazard. Around two million days a year are lost through sickness as a result of lower limb disorders. Wearing high heels can cause long-term foot problems and also serious foot, knee and back pain and damaged joints. Many employers in the retail sector force women workers to wear high heels as part of their dress code. More must be done to raise awareness of this problem so that women workers and their feet are protected.”Nadline Dorries, the Tory Member of Parliament, however criticized the motion and said the extra height heels give women can help them when in the workplace. “I’m 5ft 3in and need every inch of my Christian Louboutin heels to look my male colleagues in the eye,”she said. “If high heels were banned in Westminster, no one would be able to find me. TheTrade Union leaders need to get real, stop using obvious sexist tactics by discussing women’s stilettos to divert tension away from Labor chaos.”Michelle Dewberry, a former winner of The Apprentice, said the motion was patronizing （自认为高人一等的）. “This is absolutely ridiculous and I think these union officials should be spending their time dealing with more important issues”, she said. “I’m at work in five-inch heels and perfectly able to do my job. Heels are sexy, they boost your confidence and they are empowering to women. I can’t imagine these officials debating a motion about how tightly men should wear their ties. Wearing heels is a personal choice.”6. Which of the following best explains what stiletto heels are?A. Very high heels that women wear.B. Shoes with an inch heel limitC. High heels most appropriate for catwalks.D. Shoes most suitable for retailsector worker7. Why do the Trade Union leaders propose to ban stiletto heels from the workplace?A. Because they don’t want to have the workplace look like Hollywood.B. Because they think the stiletto heels give women excuse to ask for a sick leave.C. Because the shoes are believed to be harmful to people’s health.D. Because they hold the idea that women themselves should decide what to wear.8. Why did Nadline Dorries criticize the motion?A. Because she feels the extra height helps people to find her.B. Because she feels the extra height improves her vision.C. Because she feels the extra height adds to her personal charm.D. Because she feels the extra height makes her more confident.9. What is Michelle Dewberry’s opinion on the motion?A. The union leaders should mind their own business.B. Women are perfectly able to decide what to wear.C. Union officials shouldn’t have debates on any motions.D. Women will never be hurt wearing the stiletto heels.10. What can you infer from the passage?A. Union leaders care about women employees very much.B. Women think differently from male union leaders.C. There is going to be a heated debate over this motion.D. Height means power and confidence at workplaces.Part Two Listening Comprehension (35’)Section A (1’×15 = 15’) Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet with a single line through the centre.11.A. Invite four people to dinner.B. Book a corner table for six.C. Give a birthday party in the restaurant.D. Book a table for four people at 6:00.12.A. Teacher and student. B. Patient and doctor.C. Customer and waiter.D. Husband and wife.13.A. Walking. B. Sightseeing.C. Driving.D. Shopping.14.A. The man lives in New York.B. The man enjoys his trip.C. The man is going to phone the woman.D. Someone is waiting for him.15.A. She will decide later.B. She doesn’t care for either.C. She doesn’t want to go out.D. She wants the man to decide.16.A. Frank’s car was accidentally lost.B. Frank was killed in a car accident.C. Frank fell out of a car.D. Frank survived a car accident.17. A. At 8:30. B. At 9:00.C. At 9:10.D. At 10:00.18. A. Coming back for a later show.B. Waiting in a queue.C. Coming back in five minutes.D. Not going to the movie today.Conversation OneQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A. 80 pounds a month.B. 100 pounds a month.C. Ranging from 80 to 100 pounds a month.D. 180 pounds a month.20.A. 2 bedrooms with the kitchen and dining room separated or combined.B. 2 bedrooms with kitchen and dining room separated.C. 2 bedrooms with kitchen and dining room combined.D. 2 bedrooms without the kitchen and dining room.21. A. 0.5 mile.B. 1 mile.C. 1.5 miles.D. 2 miles.22. A. Look for more houses that might meet their needs.B. Go to the ideal house and have a look.C. Talk with their parents about the rental fees.D. Sign the contract terms.Conversation TwoQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A. Their different plans for summer vacation.B. A vacation without the sea.C. The silver beams of the moon reflected on the ocean.D. A group of tourists going to the mountain every summer.24. A. To go swimming every day.B. To stay in the mountains as usual.C. To go to the seaside.D. To enjoy the silver beams of the moon.25. A. He likes swimming.B. He will still go to the mountains this summer.C. He doesn’t want to go to the seaside.D. He will go to a seaside city alone.Section B (1’×10 = 10’) Directions: In this section, you are going to hear three short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passages and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26 A. Lack of confidence.B. Lack of intelligence.C. Carelessness.D. Absent-mindedness. 27 A. To accompany his children on a train ride.B. To have a holiday with his children on the beach.C. To take his children to visit a friend of his in a seaside town.D. To stay at home and take care of his children.28 A. He could not find his children at the station.B. He could not find the piece of paper his wife gave him.C. He forgot the phone number of his home.D. The train had already gone.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29 A. She told Peter to buy her an inexpensive gift.B. She told Peter not to buy her a gift.C. She told Peter to buy her an expensive gift.D. She told Peter not to buy any gift but write her a letter.30 A. The history and grammar of languages.B. Everyday use of language.C. Homes, work, coffee shops, elevators, and supermarkets.D. The relationship between people.31 A. The differences between the way men and women travel to different places.B. The differences in the way people treat others’ conversation.C. The differences between the way men and women communicate.D. The differences in the way people from different geographic areas behave.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32 A. He listens to music and makes music himself.B. He listens to music from early in the morning till late at night, at home and at school.C. He goes to discos, parties and concerts frequently.D. He listens to music while he is having breakfast and doing homework.33 A. It makes young people neglect their studies.B. It causes clashes between parents and their teenage children.C. It is often too loud.D. It is often linked to young people taking drugs.34 A. Steve would take drugs.B. Steve’s hearing would be damaged someday.C. Steve would sooner or later get mixed up with some evil guys.D. Steve would become self-centered.35 A. Music has become a very important part of life for children and adults.B. Whether music is good or not to people depends on how it is used.C. Teenagers nowadays spend less time on their studies than listening to music.D. Music has more negative effects than positive effects on teenagers. Section C (10’) Directions : In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. （请写在答题纸上） Advertising is a way of bringing (36) to the public for the purpose of selling a product, a service, an idea, or an (37) . The information is transmitted by means of (38) ___________ word or over the air. It may be presented as a simple (39) ____________ of fact, or as more often, it may be offered in colorful or even (40) language. All advertising is intended to stimulate people to do some (41) __________ things, such as buy a product, order a service, join an organization, or (42) ___________ a meeting and so on. Each advertisement is paid for by a person, a group, an organization, or a (43) ___________ enterprise seeking to advance his or her goals. In a modern society, everyone uses advertising in one way or another. A person may obtain a job by answering a classified ad, or sometimes called a small ad. It is placed in a newspaper by those wishing to sell or buy something, lease or rent something, offer or get employment, etc. (44) _____________________ whose advertisements express ideas that attract him. In choosing food products and other items of daily living, he is usually guided or influenced by advertising. (45) ___________________________. Advertising has certainly played an important part in making modern goods and services available to the general public, it hastened consumer ’s acceptance of such new products as cars, telephones, electric refrigerators, and frozen foods. (46) ___________________________________. Part Three Vocabulary and Structure (0.5’×20 = 10’) Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. 47. Isn ’t this straw hat beautiful? My wife ________ it on her business trip to China last year. A. runs into B. came upon with C. came upon D. comes across 48. The spokesman was merely given a _____ version of the document, so he didn ’t know much about the details.A. condenseB. condensedC. condensingD. condensable 49. To be granted a substantial yearly bonus （奖金）is considered ________ to getting a raise in pay. A. comparison B. comparative C. comparably D. comparable 50. The boss ________ him that she had no plan to let him go. A. insured B. ensured C. assured D. sured 51. Plenty of football and basketball clubs are eager to________ young athletes if they showgreat promise. A. smash B. sponsor C. steer D. spur 52. _________ fired, your health care and other benefits would not be immediately cut off. A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be 53. Anyone without patience and _________ is unlikely to make a good researcher. A. persistence B. consist C. consistence D. persist 54. The new secretary has written a remarkably ________ report within a few hundred words but with all the important details included.A. briskB. preciseC. elaborateD. concise 55. He returned to his hometown so that he could ________ his passion for football. A. indulge B. break C. limit D. obsess 56. From all the indications, it is safe to ________ that the prices of cars will go down by large margins. A. consume B. assure C. resume D. assume57. He tried to explain the complicated theory to me, but I got even more _______ by the technical terms in his explanation. A. encouraged B. confused C. imported D. convinced 58. As the clouds drifted away, an even higher peak became_______ to the climbers. A. evident B. apparent C. visible D. obvious59. She wants to drop out of college and become a singer, but her parents _______ very muchon her intention.A. frownB. emphasizeC. disapproveD. focus60. A peculiarly pointed chin is her most memorable facial _______. A. mark B. feature C. appearance D. trace61. I have bought so many new books this year that it ’s really difficult for me to keep _______ of them.A. accountB. recountC. constantD. count62. The theories of relativity have made _______ changes in our views of the universe.A. fundamentalB. ambitiousC. linguisticD. respective63. The lady dressed in the latest Paris fashion is _______ in her appearance but rude inher speech.A. excessiveB. elaborateC. elegantD. exaggerated64. The failure of the movie hastened her decision to _______ from the glamorous screen andspend more time with her family.A. retreatB. resignC. rejectD. replace65. Our _______ talks promise a good future for our cooperation.A. exteriorB. initialC. interiorD. invisible66. There is much I enjoy about the changing seasons, but my favorite time is the _______from fall to winter.A. transmissionB. transformationC. transitionD. transfer Part Four Banked Cloze (1’×10 = 10’)Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. （请在答题纸上写单词的代号）Ivory Soap is an American institution, about widely recognized as the Washington Monument and far more well respected than Congress. It had already (67) ____________ this noble status when Theodore Roosevelt was still a rough-riding cowboy in North Dakota. Introduced in 1879 as an (68) ____________ white soap intended to rival the quality of (69) ____________ soaps, it was mass marketed by means of one of the first nationwide advertising (70) ____________. People were told that Ivory was “so pure that it floats,”and the notion took (71) ____________. As a result, at least half a dozen generations of Americans have gotten themselves clean with Ivory.So many hands, faces, and baby bottoms have been washed with Ivory that their numbers (72) ____________ the imagination. Not even Proctor & Gamble knows how many billions of (73) ____________ of Ivory have been sold. The company keeps a precise count, (74) ____________, of the billions of dollars it earns. (75) ____________ sales of Ivory Soap, Ivory Snow, Crest toothpaste, Folger’s coffee, and the hundreds of other products now marketed under the Proctor & Gamble umbrella (76) ____________ thirty billion dollars.Part Five Translation （写在答题纸上）( 2’×5 = 10’)Directions: Complete sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.77. If you do have financial difficulties, __________ (你可以申请学生贷款).78. His mother insisted that __________ (他每月的零花钱不能超过100元).79. His first debate on TV __________ (给听众留下了深刻的印象).80. It’s one thing to understand the principle, __________ (要付诸实践又是另外一回事).81. We bought a car last month, __________ (是用我的名字登记的).Part Six Writing ( 15’ ×1=15’)Directions: For this part, you are required to write a short essay on the topic Graduates’Cost in Job-hunting. You should write at least 120 words (no more than 150 words) based on the topic sentence for each paragraph:1.大学生的求职花费逐年增高2.分析原因3.我的观点（注：作文写在答题纸上）大学英语四级模拟题四答案Part One Reading Comprehension (2’×10 = 20’)1-5 C B A D A 6-10 A C D B CPart Two Listening Comprehension (1’×25+0.5×8+2×3 = 35’)11-15 D C C B D 16-20 D C A C A 21-25 A B A C A 26-30 D B B B B 31-35 C D D B B 36. information 37. event 38. printed 39. statement40. emotional 41. specific 42. attend 43. business44. A person may decide to join an organization.45. Advertisements may also influence his choice of a vacation spot, hotel, etc.46.It seeks to make each product represent a new and better way of life.Part Three Vocabulary and Structure (0.5’×20 = 10’) 47-51 C B D C B 52-56 B A D A D 57-61 B C A B D 62-66 A C A B CPart Four Banked Cloze (1’×10 = 10’)67-71 A I G L O 72-76 D K C M JPart Five Translation ( 2’×5 = 10’)77.you can apply for a student loan.78.his pocket money (should) not exceed 100 yuan per month.79. made / left a deep impression on his audience.80. it’s another thing to put it into practice.81. which was registered under my name / and it was registered under my name.Part Six Writing ( 15’×1=15’) Open.。

英语四级模拟题及答案2021年12月英语四级模拟题及答案(第四套)

英语四级模拟题及答案 2021年12月英语四级模拟题及答案(第四套)Part I Writing.(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed30minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Welcome to Our Club.You should write at least 120words but no more than 150 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1.表达你的欢迎2.对你们的俱乐部做一个简要介绍。

Section AQuestions 36-45 are based on the following passage. Years ago, doctors often said that pain was a normalpart of life.In particular, when older patients________________36________________of pain, they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to, live with it. Times have changed.Today, we take pain________________37________________.Indeed, pain is now considered the fifth vital, as important as blood pressure, temperature, breathing rate and pulse in________________38________________a person"s well-being.We know that chronic(慢性的) pain can disrupt (扰乱的) a person"s life, causing problems that________________39 ________________from missed work todepression. That"s why a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians who ________________40________________in pain medicine.Not onlydo we evaluate the cause of the pain, which can help us treat the pain better, but we also help providecomprehensive therapy for depression and other psychological and social________________41________________related to chronic pain.Suchcomprehensive therapy often ________________42 ________________the work of social workers, psychiatrists (心理医生) and psychologists, aswell as specialists in pain medicine. This modem________________43________________for pain management has led to a wealth of innovative treatments which are more effectiveand with fewer side effects than ever before.Decades ago, there were only a ________________44 ________________number of drugs available, andmany of them caused________________45 ________________side effects in older people， including dizziness and fatigue.This created a double-edged sword: the medications helped relieve the pain but caused other problems that could be worse than the painitself.A.resultB.involvesC.significantD.rangeE.relievedF.issuesG.seriouslyH.magnificentI.determining J.limitedK.gravelyplained M.respectN.prompting O.specialize Section B。

2021年12月英语四级模拟试题及答案详解(4)

2021年12月英语四级模拟试题及答案详解(4)Part I Writing (30 minute)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。

Directions: For this part ,you are allowed 30minute to write a short essay on the topic of students selecting their lectures. You should write at least 120 words following the outline when bellow:1.有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师2.学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素3.学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题On Students Selecting Lecturers范文：On Students Choosing LecturersNowadays, some universities give students the right to choose who teaches some of their classes. This has led to some debate over whether students should be given this much power.There are several factors that students consider when choosing a lecturer, including the teaching style of the lecturer, the lecturer's academic background, and the lecturer's reputation among students. The ideal lecturer is onewho has an interesting teaching style, a diverse academic background, and a good reputation among students.There are both positive and negative aspects to allowing students to choose their lecturers. Giving students the choice encourages them to take ownership for their classes, and also puts pressure on teachers to improve their teaching quality.However, the factors that students consider might not be the ones that lead to the highest quality of education. Schools might end up with lecturers who teach interesting classes without much content.Part II Reading comprehension (skimming and scanning) (15 minute)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minute to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet1 For questions 1-7,markY(for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N(for NO) if statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG(for NOT CIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.for question 8-10 ,complete the sentenced with theinformation given in the passage.HighwayA government study recommended a national highway system of33,920 miles, and congress passed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944,which called for strict, centraky controlled desert criteria.The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century .To build its 44,000-mile web of highways, bridge. and tunnels hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to be worked out. Consider the many geographic ,features of the country: mountains,steep grades,wetlands,rivers,desorts and plains. Variables included the slope of the land,the ability of the pavement to support the load. Innovative, designs of roadways, tunnels, bridges,overpasses,and interchanges that could run through or bypass urban areas soon began to weave their way across the country ,forever altering the face of American .Long-span, segmented-concrete, cable-stayed bridges such as Hale Boggs in Louisiana and the Sunshine Skyway in Florida, and remarkable tunnels like Fort Machinery in Maryland and Mr.bakerin Washington developed under the nation's physicalchallenges, Traffic control systems and methods of construction developed uder the interstate program soon influenced highway construction around the world, and were invaluable in improving the condition of urban streets and traffic patterns.Today .the interstate system links every major city in the U.S, and the U.S with Canada and Mexico, Built with safety in mind the highways have wide lanes and shoulders, dividing medians, or barriers, long entry and exit lanes,ourves engineered for safe turns, and limited access, The death rate on highways is half that of all other U.S roads (0.86 deaths per 100 million passenger miles compared to 1.99 deaths per 100 million on all other roads)By opening the North American continent, highways have enabled consumer goods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of jobs, access to the growth options in terms of jobs access to cultural programs health care ,and other benefits. Above all, the interstate system provides individuals with what they enrich most: personal freedom of mobility.The interstate system has been an essential element of the nation's economic growth in terms of shipping and job creation:more than 75 percent of the nation's freight deliveries arrive by truck.and most products that arrive by rail or air use interstates for the last leg of the journey by vehicle.Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routes, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations ,motels,restaurants,and shopping centres.It has allowed the relocation of manufacturing plants and other industries from urban areas to rural.By the end of the century there was an immense network of paved roads, residential streets, expressways, and freeways built to support millions of vehicles, The high way system was officially renamed for Eisenhower to honor his vision and leadership. The year construction began he said:"Together, the united forces of our communication and transportation systems are dynamic elements in the very name we bear -United States. Without them ,we would be amere alliance of many separate parts."8.The greatest benefit brought about by the interstate system was___________9.Trucks using the interstate highways deliver more than__________________10.The interstate system was renamed after Eisenhower in recognition_____________参考答案：1.Y N NG 2. Y N NG 3.Y NO NG 5. Y NNG 6.Y N NG 7.Y N NG参考答案：08. personal freedom of mobility参考答案：09. 75 percent参考答案：10. his vision and leadership Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked[A],[B],[C]and[D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. [A] Wait for the sale to start.[B] Get further information about the sale.[C] Call the TV station to be sure if the ad is true.[D] Buy a new suit.12. [A] He doesn’t think that John is ill.[B] He thinks that perhaps John is not in very good health.[C] He is aware that John is ill.[D] He doesn’t think that John has a very good knowledge of physics.13. [A] Before six. [B] At six. [C] After six. [D] After seven.14. [A] It is bigger. [B] It has a prettier color.[C] It has a larger yard. [D] It is brighter.15. [A] Australian and American. [B] Guest and host.[C] Husband and wife. [D] Professor and student.16. [A] 1∶30. [B] 11∶00. [C] 9∶30. [D] 10∶00.17. [A] He prefers staying at home because the bus is too late.[B] He prefers staying at home because he doesn’t like to travel.[C] He prefers taking a bus because the plane makes him nervous.[D] He prefers traveling with the woman.18. [A] He thinks she should visit her cousin.[B] Her cousin doesn’t visit very often.[C] Her cousin is feeling a lot better today.[D] He doesn’t think her cousin has been at home today.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. [A] Two different types of bones in the human body.[B] How bones help the body move.[C] How bones continuously repair themselves.[D] The chemical composition of human bones.20. [A] They defend the bone against viruses.[B] They prevent oxygen from entering the bone.[C] They break down bone tissue.[D] They connect the bone to muscle tissue.21. [A] They have difficulty identifying these cells.[B] They aren’t sure how these cells work.[C] They’ve learned how to reproduce these cells.[D] They’ve found similar cells in other species.22. [A] To learn how to prevent a bone disease.[B] To understand differences between bone tissue and other tissue.[C] To find out how specialized bone cells have evolved.[D] To create artificial bone tissue.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. [A] A new fuel for buses.[B] The causes of air pollution.[C] A way to improve fuel efficiency in buses.[D] Careers in environmental engineering.24.[ A] Her car is being repaired.[B] She wants to help reduce pollution.[C] Parking is difficult in the city.[D] The cost of fuel has increased.25. [A] A fuel that burns cleanly.[B] An oil additive that helps cool engines.[C] A material from which filters are made.[D] An insulating material sprayed on engine parts.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D].Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have justheard.26.[A] From three to five months. [B] Three months. [C] Five months.[D] Four months.27.[A] Watch traffic. [B] Obey commands.[C] Cross streets safely.[D] Guard the door.28.[A] Three weeks. [B] Two weeks. [C] Four weeks. [D] Five weeks.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29.[A] Two to four times.[B] Four to six times. [C] Four to eight times.[D] Six to ten times.30.[A] Sleeping pills made people go into REM sleep quickly.[B] People had more dreams after they took sleeping pills.[C] People became angry easily because they didn’t take sleeping pills.[D] Sleeping pills prevented people from going into REM sleep.31.[A] People dream so as to sleep better.[B] People dream in order not to go into REM sleep.[C] Because they may run into difficult problems in their dreams.[D] Because in their dreams they may find the answers to their problems.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. [A] A sales representative. [B] A store manager. [C]A committee chairperson.[D] A class president.33.[ A] To determine who will graduate this year.[B] To discuss the seating arrangement.[C] To choose the chairperson of the ceremonies.[D] To begin planning the graduation ceremonies.34. [A] Their names, phone numbers and job preference.[B] The names and addresses of their guests.[C] The names of the committee they worked on last year.[D] Their dormitory name, address and phone number.35. [A] In an hour.[B] Next week. [C] In one month. [D] Next year.Part III Listening ComprehensionSection A11.W∶ I just saw an ad. on television that said men’s suits were on sales today and tomorrow at Conrad’s Men’s Wear.M∶Great! That’s just what I’ve been waiting for.Q∶What will the man probably do?【解析】[D]男士说男士套装的特价销售正是他一直等待着的。

大学英语四级模拟测试model text4

2021年12月四级考试预测押题卷（四）Part I Writing(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write an essay.Suppose you have two ways to learn about other countries:one is to travel abroad and the other to obtain the information online.You are to make a choice. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice.You should write at least120words but no more than180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension(25minutes)Section AQuestions1and2are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A)Because the storm had cut power to them.B)Because the roads to them had been flooded.C)Because there might be mud slides.D)Because there might be tsunami.2.A)It is expected to last until Saturday afternoon.B)It has caused over300traffic deaths.C)It is the strongest one in years.D)It will be at its strongest on Saturday afternoon.Questions3and4are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A)A car crash.B)A bushfire.C)A burglary.D)A terrorist attack.4.A)More than15homes had moved our.B)More than50homes had joined the fight.C)They had not had the fire under control yet.D)They had found a way to put out the fire.Questions5to7are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A)They are useful in terms of security but have rusted.B)They are useful in terms of security but not beautiful.C)They are no longer strong enough to protect the tower.D)They are no longer needed as a photo spot.6.A)It is the most visited monument in the world.B)It is totally free of charge for visiting.C)The entry to the forecourt of the tower is free.D)The entry to the forecourt of the tower will be charged.7.A)Less visitor entrances.C)Ornamental lights.B)More security guards.D)Better elevators.Section BQuestions8to11are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A)He played tennis for his high school team.B)He played football for his high school team.C)He played tennis starting from his junior year.D)He played tennis starting from his senior year.9.A)Tennis.B)Basketball.C)Golf.D)Volleyball.10.A)Because he has a lot in common with the woman.B)Because he thinks the woman is a good player.C)Because his team lacks girl players.D)Because his team can learn a lot from the woman.11.A)Join the man to watch a match.B)Visit a new stadium with the man.C)Watch the man play in a match.D)Join the man to play in a match. Questions12to15are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A)An interview between a customer and a shopping assistant.B)An interview between an airport staff and a passenger.C)A conversation between two working staff about the airport’s future improvement.D)A conversation between an air-hostess and a passenger about the inflight meal service.13.A)Because many people want to stay in shape.B)Because he wants to take every chance to improve his health.C)Because many people are tired after long flights.D)Because massaging will be a good way to kill time.14.A)Seasonal ones.B)Fresh ones.C)Local ones.D)Juicy ones.15.A)Disappointing.B)Satisfying.C)Outdated.D)Lovely.Section CQuestions16to18are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A)Because the planets are the same size as Earth.B)Because the planets are similar in many aspects to Earth.C)Because the planets are capable of supporting life.D)Because the planets have water on their surface.17.A)They are rocky planets.B)They are gaseous like Jupiter.C)They are covered by water.D)They are covered by sea ice.18.A)Because it has the right temperature and enough greenhouse gases.B)Because it has the right amount of water and enough greenhouse gases.C)Because it has the right atmosphere and enough greenhouse gases.D)Because it has the right gravity and enough greenhouse gases.Questions19to21are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A)They should be widely used in the field of social services.B)They should be blamed for the increasing unemployment.C)They should be taxed the same amount as the people they replace.D)They should be taxed more than the ordinary people.20.A)They will surely face massive unemployment.B)They will need less income tax to spend.C)They will have less income tax to spend.D)They will have no need to cope with the changes.21.A)Psychologists.C)Room cleaners.B)Police officers.D)Doctors.Questions22to25are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A)People who sleep late are smarter and more creative.B)People who sleep late are always late for their jobs.C)People who sleep late are easily irritated.D)People who sleep hate are slow and ineffective in their jobs.23.A)You will feel exhausted all day long.B)You can’t justify your lateness.C)You will be late for your work.D)You can’t find persuasive excuses.24.A)Because they can fully enjoy themselves late at night.B)Because they can fully concentrate their attention late at night.C)Because they can read the most fascinating book late at night.D)Because they can make rapid progress in mentality late at night.25.A)Group intelligence tests.C)Deductive reasoning tests.B)Emotional intelligence tests.D)Inductive reasoning tests.PartⅢReading Comprehension(40minutes)Section AQuestions26to35are based on the following passage.Ask a left-wing Briton what they believe about the safety of nuclear power,and you can guess their answer. Ask a right-wing American about the risks posed by climate change,and you can also make a___26___guess than if you didn’t know their political affiliation.Issues like these feel like they should be___27____by science,not our political tribes,but sadly,that’s not what happens.Psychology has long shown that education and intelligence won’t stop your politics from___28___your broader worldview,even if those beliefs do not match the hard evidence.Instead,your ability to weigh up the facts may depend on a less well-recognised trait-____29____.There is now a mountain of____30____to show that politics doesn’t just help predict people’s views on some scientific issues;it also affects how they interpret new information.This is why it is a___31___to think that you can somehow“correct”people’s views on an issue by giving them more facts,since study after study has shown that people have a tendency to___32___reject facts that don’t fit with their existing views.But smarter people shouldn’t be susceptible to prejudice swaying their opinions,right?Wrong.Other research shows that people with the most education,highest mathematical abilities,and the strongest tendencies to be reflective about their beliefs are the most____33____to resist information which should contradict their prejudices.This undermines the simplistic assumption that prejudices are the result of too much gut instinct and not enough deep thought.Rather,people who have the___34___for deeper thought about an issue can use those cognitive powers to justify what they already believe and find reasons to dismiss apparently___35___evidence.A)better I)flexibilityB)competitively J)identicalC)contrary K)informedD)curiosity L)likelyE)evidence M)mistakeF)explained N)selectivelyG)facility O)shapingH)factSection BHow to Fix the Internet[A]We have to fix the internet.After40years,it has begun to corrode,both itself and us.It is still a marvelous and miraculous invention,but now there are bugs in the foundation,bats in the belfry,and trolls in the basement.[B]I do not mean this to be one of those technophobic rants insulting the interne for rewiring our brains to give us the nervous attention span of Donald Trump on Twitter or pontificating about how we have to log off and smell the flowers.Those worries about new technologies have existed ever since Plato was concerned that the technology of writing would threaten memorization and oratory(演讲术).I love the interne and all of its digital offshoots.What I feel sad for is its decline.[C]There is a bug in its original design that at first seemed like a feature but has gradually,and now rapidly, been exploited by hackers and trolls and malevolent actors:Its packets are encoded with the address of their destination but not of their authentic origin.With a circuit-switched network,you can track or trace back the origins of the information,but that’s not true with the packet-switched design of the internet.[D]Compounding this was the architecture that Tim Berners-Lee and the inventors of the early browsers created for the World Wide Web.It brilliantly allowed the whole of the earth’s computers to be webbed together and navigated through hyperlinks.But the links were one-way.You knew where the links took you.But if you had a webpage or piece of content,you didn’t exactly know who was linking to you or coming to use your content.[E]All of that protected the potential for anonymity.You could make comments anonymously.Go to a webpage anonymously.Consume content anonymously.With a little effort,send email anonymously.And if you figured out a way to get into someone’s servers or databases,you could do it anonymously.[F]For years,the benefits of anonymity on the net outweighed its drawbacks.People felt more free to express themselves,which was especially valuable if they were holding different opinions or hiding a personal secret.This was celebrated in the famous1993New Yorker cartoon,“On the Internet,nobody knows you’re a dog.”[G]Now the problem is nobody can tell if you’re a troll.Or a hacker.Or a bot.Or a Macedonian(马其顿的) teenager publishing a story that the Pope has supported Trump.This has poisoned civil discourse,enabled hacking,permitted cyberbullying,and made email a risk.[H]The lack of secure identification and authentication(身份认证)inherent in the internet’s genetic code had also prevented easy transactions,obstructed financial inclusion,destroyed the business models of content creators,unleashed the overflow of spam(垃圾邮件)，and forced us to use passwords and two-factor authentication schemes that would have confused Houdini.The trillions being spent and the IQ points of computer science talent being allocated to tackle security issues make it a drag,rather that a spur,to productivity in some sectors.[I]It Plato’s Republic,we learn the tale of the Ring of Gyges.Put it on,and you’re invisible and anonymous. The question that Plato asks is whether those who put on the ring will be civil and moral.He thinks not,The internet has proven him correct.The web is no longer a place of community,no longer a marketplace.Every day more sites are eliminating comments sections.[J]If we could start from scratch,here’s what I think we would do：Greate a system that enables content producers to negotiate with aggregators(整合者)and search engines to get a royalty whenever their content is used,like ASCAP has negotiated for public performances and radio airings of its members’works.Embed(嵌入) a simple digital wallet and currency for quick and easy small payments for songs,blogs,articles,and whatever other digital content is for sale.Encode emails with an authenticated return or originating address.Enforce critical properties and security at the lowest levels of the system possible,such as in the hardware or in the programming language,instead of leaving it to programmers to incorporate security into every line of code they write.Build chips and machines that update the notion of an internet packet.For those who want,their packets could be encoded or tagged with metadata(元数据)that describe what they contain and give the rules for how it can be used.[K]Most internet engineers think that these reforms are possible,from Vint Cerf,the original TCP/IP coauthor,to Milo Medin of Google,to Howard Shrobe,the director of cybersecurity at MIT.“We don’t need to live in cyber hell,”Shrobe has argued.Implementing them is less a matter of technology than of cost and social will.Some people,understandably,will resist any reduction of anonymity,which they sometimes label privacy.[L]So the best approach,I think,would be to try to create a voluntary system,for those who want to use it,to have verified identification and authentication.People would not be forced to use such a system.If they wanted to communicate and surf anonymously,they could.But those of us who choose,at times,not to be anonymous and not to deal with people who are anonymous should have that right as well.That’s the way it works in the real world.[M]The benefits would be many.Easy and secure ways to deal with your finances and medical records.Small payment systems that could reward valued content rather than the current incentive to concentrate on clickbait for advertising.Less hacking,spamming,cyberbullying,trolling,and spewing of anonymous hate.And the possibility of a more civil discourse.36.The one-way hyperlinks enable users to do many things online anonymously.37.Although anonymity can make people conceal their identity online,now it has poisoned their online life.38.To adopt the voluntary system would be advantageous to our online life in a number of aspects.39.There are several ways to reduce anonymity if we can rebuild the internet from the very beginning.40.The author suggested inventing a system to let people go online anonymously or not as they wish.41.The author thinks the internet should be fixed not because he is afraid of new technologies but becauseproblems arise in it.42.Pubic opposition could become one of the biggest obstacles to carrying out the reforms.43.The hazard of anonymity mentioned by Plato has been shown on the internet.44.People used to think that anonymity online did more good than harm.45.It is the design of the internet that makes it impossible to find out where the information comes from. Section CPassage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.In today’s world,online social media has become more powerful and the most destructive thing over worldwide.Although with time all generations have come to embrace the changes social network has brought about,teenagers and young adults are the most fanatic users of these sites.According to various research studies in the field of online social networks,it has been revealed that these sites are impacting the lives of the youth greatly. When using these sites such as Twitter,Facebook or Myspace,there are both positive and negative effects on the youth.Firstly,social media helps the youth and any other user updated with what is happening around the world, and helps the teenagers stay connected and interact with each other even if they are many miles apart.This strengthens their relationship.Even if they finished school and moved to different locations,they stay connected and update one another.In addition,social media sites have provided a platform whereby the youth can create groups and pages based on their common discipline and end up building connections and opportunities for their respective careers by updating various topics to discuss.Youth who have been interviewed say that social media has become their lifestyle and it makes their lives easier and more efficient.While on the one hand social network sites seem to bring people together and stay connected,on the other hand it causes many physical and mental health problems such as eyes infection,back problems,etc.Other negative effects of social networking various people suggested included encouraging poor spelling and grammar, exposing underage to online predators(捕食者),allowing spread of misinformation that is seen as fact, decreasing productivity as those who are supposed to e working spend time in the sites to chat,providing a perfect platform for cyberbullying and providing details that increase risks of identity theft.“The more social media we have,the more we think we’re connecting,yet we are really disconnecting from each other.”In conclusion,social networking clearly portrays both positive and negative effects on the youth.It is the decision of individuals whether to use it in a right way or wrong.46.According to the first paragraph,_______.A)both online and offline social media have developed quicklyB)social medial sites are always being attackedC)the effects of social medial were welcomed in the beginningD)the most crazy fans of social medial are the youth47.What is young people’s purpose in adopting the platform offered by social media sites?A.To improve their academic performance.B)To lay the foundation for their future careers.C)To practice their debate skills.D)To change their way of living.48.What does the author mainly imply about the disadvantages of social networking?A)Increasing the prevalence of oral errors.B)Putting minors in danger.C)Spreading falsehoods and rumors.D)Leaking users’personal information.49.The author’s attitude towards social media is______.A)objective B)positive C)negative D)impassive50.What’s the main topic of this passage?A)The introduction of online social media history.B)The research on online social media.C)The influence of online social media on the youth.D)The correct way to use online social media.Passage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.Cutting toxic levels of city air pollution to safer levels is simple,but not easy-it requires resolve.Yet,despite the key culprit(罪犯)in the UK being well known-diesel(柴油机的)vehicles-the government has been asleep at the wheel for years.Levels of nitrogen dioxide(二氧化氮)have been illegally high across much of the UK since2010.In2015 86%of major urban areas broke annual limits.Cutting this pollution means choking off diesel emissions and there is a wide range of effective measures available.Creating zones in city centres where polluting care are either banned or charged is important,while making cities safe for cycling cuts traffic too.Cleaner buses and taxis have an important role to play and change to the perverse taxes that encourage people to buy diesel over cleaner cars is needed.There is also some support for a revival of a scrappage scheme which saw dirty old bangers taken off the road.The environment and transport departments were well aware of all this and proposed many of these measures internally,only for the Treasury to reject most of them,arguing they“would be politically very difficult, especially given the impacts on motorists.”Motorists happen to be particularly badly exposed to air pollution,but the real political difficulty for the government is two humiliating legal defeats in two years where judges ruled its air pollution plans were so bad they were illegal.Ministers have now been forced to come up with a third plan,but clean air zones and car tax changes take time to clean up the air.Yet the UK government is also in the slow lane when it comes to emergency measures.When foul air descended on Paris in December,officials there swung into action.Public transport was made free and the number of cars allowed on roads was restricted,alternately barring those with odd and even licence plates.In the UK,during the same December smog,the government sent a few tweets.At the root of the problem are diesel cars,which successive governments across Europe have utterly failed to ensure meet legal emissions limits when driving in real-world conditions on the road.The gaming of regulatory tests by carmakers was blown open by the Volkswagen scandal.The scandal of governments prioritising supposed driver freedom over the lungs and health of their citizens is only now playing out.51.What does the author think of fixing air pollution in the first paragraph？A)It is a piece of cake.B)It needs political will.C)It is the main problem.D)It has a lone way to go.52.The aim of those in favor of a scrappage scheme is______.A)to reduce diesel emissions B)to encourage the use of old carsC)to retire low-end old vehicles D)to cut own on traffic accidents53.It can be inferred from the passage that the Treasury______.A)was quite clear about the current situation of air pollutionB)opposed almost every proposal about reducing air pollutionC)believed the anti-pollution measures to be unaffordableD)made such objections partly due to the effects on drivers54.Why do the UK ministers have to put forward a third air pollution plan?A)Because drivers are suffering the most from sir pollution.B)Because the first two plans were found illegal by the judges.C)Because long-term solutions are ignored by the government.D)Because emergency measures are falling behind.55.Which of the following measures did the French government take when smog suddenly arrived in December?A)Establishing clean air zones.C)Limiting vehicles based on license plate number.B)Reforming car taxes.D)Posting several announcements on Twitter.PartⅣTranslation(30minutes)西汉时期，中国的船队就达到了印度和斯里兰卡（Sri Lanka）,用中国的丝绸换取了琉璃（colored glaze）、珍珠等物品。

2019年12月大学英语四级考试模拟试卷及答案(4)

2019年12月大学英语四级考试模拟试卷及答案(4)Part one WritingDirections ： For this part , you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic： Sounds in three paragraphs You have been given the first sentence of each paragraph .You should write at least 100 words .Sounds1)The world is filled with many sounds _____________2)Some sounds are useful __________3)But some sounds are harmful _________Part threeReading Comprehension ( 35 minutes )Directions ： There are 4 passages in this part .Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements .For each of them there are four choices marked A) , B) , C) , D) . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center .Question 21 to 35 are based on the following passage .The beat generation mainly referred to the youth who were born and brought up around the Second World War . They showed their disdain ( ) for almost everything traditional , such as government authority , respect for parents , o ne’s duty , moral standards , and traditional customs . They developed a kind of absolute individualism and liberty. Theypreferred long hair , minidresses or close-fitting clothes to show off the figure . They advocated freedom of sex and cohabitation ( ) . Their influence could be seen from thefact that about one third of the American couples living together were not married by law . And the divorce rate was very high . The endless U.S wars abroad and sharp class struggle at home caused many American youths to develop a kind of cynicism . They doubted the existing social system , possibility of harmonious human relations , and the long-honored standard for correct behavior . They felt society overlooked their needs . Therefore , they refused to do any duty that was required of them by society . They declared “Don’t believe anyone over thirty .” All this came from the sick society . It’s wrong to imagine they all fought against capitalism in support of revolutionary things . Some of their ideas were even more decadent () and impractical .It was an abnormal phenomenon in an abnormal society.21. Based on the passage , how many of one hundred and twenty American couples of the beat generation practiced cohabitation .A)about 20 couples B) about 40 couples C) about 60 couples D) about 30 couples22. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage ?A)The beat generation refused to do any dutyB)The beat generation was in support of almost everything traditional .C)The beat generation believes no one except that he is over thirty .D)The beat generation’s ideas were not impractical .23. “Cynicism” in this passage most probably means______.A)a state of mind against realismB) a state of mind doubting everything in existence.C)a theory advocating mutual helpD)a theory advocating individualism24. The reason why the beat generation refused to cooperate with society was ____.A) they had no interest B) they found hard to cooperation with itC)the laws block their way to do so . D) they thought their need was neglected .25. This passage is mainly about _____.A)the young Americans B) the generation gap .C)the education of the young D) an American social phenomenonQuestion 26 to 30 are based on the following passage .Tress should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and , the number of such reasons is small . Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches , and the inexperienced gardener can be。

12月英语四级cet4阅读模拟习题

12月英语四级cet4阅读模拟习题Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. They will soil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively, fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing. The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting.One of the best things you can do for your dog and yourself is to obedience train it. Obedience training doesn’t solve all behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem. Training pens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do.Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dog obeys a simple request of “come here, sit,” it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the pack (群) by using extreme measure. You can teach your dog its subordinate (从属的) role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you are in charge.Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well-trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal.21. Behavior problems of dogs are believe to ________.A) be just part of their natureB) worsen in modern societyC) occur when they go wildD) present a threat to the community22. The primary purpose of obedience training is to ________.A) teach the dog to perform clever tricksB) make the dog aware of its owner’s authorityC) provide the dog with outlets for its wild behaviorD) enable the dog to regain its normal behavior23. Effective communication between a dog and its owner is________.A) essential to solving the dog’s behavior problemsB) the foundation for dogs to perform tasksC) a good way to teach the dog new tricksD) an extreme measure in obedience training24. Why do pet dogs love performing tricks for their masters?A) To avoid being punished.B) To show their affection for their masters.C) To win leadership of the dog pack.D) To show their willingness to obey.25. When a dog has received effective obedience training, its owner ________.A) can give the dog more rewardsB) will enjoy a better family lifeC) can give the dog more freedomD) will have more confidence in himself参考答案：21. A 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. C。

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洛基英语，中国在线英语教育领导品牌Part IV Close (15 minutes )Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage, For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the one that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Methods of studying vary; what works__71__ for some students doesn’t work at all for others. The only thing you can do is experiment __72__ you find a system that does work for you. But two things are sure: __73__ else can do your studying for you, and unless you do find a system that works, you won' t although college. Meantime, there are a few rules that__74__ for everybody. The hint is "don't get ___75___ ".The problem of studying, __76__ enough to start with, becomes almost__77__ when you are trying to do __78__ in one weekend. __79__ the fastest readers have trouble __80__ that. And if you are behind in written work that must be __81__, the teacher who accepts it __82__late will probably not give you good credit. Perhaps he may not accept it__83__ . Getting behind in one class because you are spending so much time on another is really no __84__. Feeling pretty virtuous about the seven hours you 'spend on chemistry won' t __85__one bit if the history teacher pops a quiz. And many freshmen do get into trouble by spending too much time on one class at the __86__of the others, either because they like one class much better or because they find it so much harder that they think, they should __87__all their time to it. __88__the reason, going the whole work for one class and neglecting the rest of them is a mistake, if you face this __89__, begin with the shortest and easiest __90__. Get them out of the way and then go to the more difficult, time consuming work.71. A) good B) easily C) sufficiently D) well72. A) until B) after C) while D ) so73. A) somebody B) nobody C) everybody D) anybody74. A) follow B) go C) operate D) work75. A) behind B) after C) slow D) later76. A) hardly B) unpleasant C) hard D) heavy77. A) improbable B) necessary C) impossible D) inevitable78. A) three week's work B) three weeks' worksC) three weeks' work D) three week' s works79. A) Even B) Almost C) If D) with80. A) to do B) doing C) at doing D) with doing81. A) turned in B) tuned up C) turned out D) given in82. A) very B) quite C) such D) that83. A) anyway B) either C) at all D) too84. A) solution B) method C) answer D) excuse85. A) help B) encourage C) assist D) improve86. A) expense B) pay C) debt D) charge87. A) devote B) put C) spend D) take88. A) Whichever B) Whatever C) However D) Wherever89. A) attraction B) decision C) temptation D) dilemma90. A) arrangements B) way C) assignments D) classPart V WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Good Manners. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:1世界上的人都看重良好的行为举止.2在公共场合的一些奶好的行为举止.3如果每个人都培养起了好的行为举止答案及详解Part One Listening ComprehensionSection A1-10 CCBDB DACDD11-20 DABCB AACBATapescriptSection A1. M: Would you like a copy of professor Smith's article?W: Thanks, if it's not too much trouble.Q: What does the woman imply?2. W: Did you visit the Television Tower when you had your vacation in Shanghai last summer?M: I couldn't make it last June. But I finally visited it two months later. I plan to visit it again sometime next year.Q: What do we learn about the man?3. M: Prof. Kennedy has been very busy this semester. As far as I know, he works until mid-night every day.W: I wouldn't have troubled him so much if I had know he was so busy.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?4. W: If I were you, I would have accepted the job.M: I turned down the offer because it would mean frequent business trips away from my family:Q: Why didn't the man accept the job?5. M: How are you getting on with your essay, Mary? I'm having a real hard time with mine.W: After two sleepless nights, I'm finally through with it.Q: What do we learn from this conversation?6. W: Where did you say you found this bag?M: It was lying under a big tree between the park and the apartment buildingQ: Where did the man find the bag?7. M: Wouldn't you get bored with the same routine year after year teaching the same things to children?W: I don't think it would be as boring as working in an office. Teaching is mat stimulating.Q: What does the woman imply about office work?8. M: I was terribly embarrassed when some of the audience got up and left in the middle of the performance.W: Well, some people just can't seem to appreciate real-life drama.Q: What are they talking about?9. W: Oh, it's so cold. We haven't had such a severe winter for so long, have we?M: Yes, the forecast says it's going to get worse before it warms up.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?10. M: You were seen hanging about the store on the night when it was robbed, weren't you?W: Me? You must have made a mistake. I was at home that night.Q: What are they talking about?Section BPassage OneThere are three groups of English learners: beginners, intermediate learners, and learners of special English. Beginners need to learn the basics of English. Students who have reached an intermediate level benefit from learning general English skills. But what about student who want to learn specialist English for their work or professional life? Most students, who fit into this third group have a clear idea about what they want to learn. A bank clerk, for example, wants to use this specialist vocabulary and technical terms of finance. But for teachers, deciding how to teach specialist English is not always so easy. For a start, the variety is enormous. Every field from air- line pilots to secretaries has its own vocabulary and technical terms. Teachers also need to have an up-to-date knowledge of that specialist language, and not many teachers are exposed to working environments outside the classroom. These issues have influenced the way specialist English is taught in schools. This type of course is usually known as English for Specific Purposes, or ESP and there are ESP courses for almost every area of professional and working life. In Britain, for example, there are courses which teach English for doctors, lawyers, reporters, travel agents and people working in the hotel industry. By far, the most popular ESP courses are for business English.Questions 11 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. What is the characteristic of learners of special English?12. Who needs ESP courses most?13. What are the most popular ESP courses in Britain?14. What is the speaker mainly talking about?Passage TwoThe first step to stop drug abuse is knowing why people start to use drugs. The reasons people abuse drugs are as different as people are from one to another. But there seems to be one common thread: people seem to take drugs to change the way they feel. They want to feel better or feel happy or to feel nothing. Sometimes, theywant to forget or to remember. People often feel better about the roseleaf when they are under the influence of drugs. But the effects don't' last long. Drugs don't solve problems. They just postpone them. No matter how far drugs may take you, it's always around trip. After a while, people who miss drugs may feel worse about thorn-' selves, and then they may use more drugs. If someone you know is using or abusing drugs, you can help. The most important part you can play is to be there. You can let your friends know that you care. You can listen and try to solve the problem behind your friend' s need to use drugs. Two people together can often solve a problem that seems too big for one person alone. Studies of., heavy abusers in the United States show that they felt unloved and unwanted. They didn't have close friends to talk to. When you or your friends take the time to care for each other, you're all helping to stop drugs abuse. After all, what is a friend for?Questions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.15. Why do some people abuse drugs?16. According to the passage, what is the best way to stop friends from abusing drugs?17. What are the findings of the studies about heavy drug users?Passage ThreeBows and arrows are one of man's oldest weapons. They gave early man an effective weapon to kill his enemies. The ordinary bow or short bow was used by nearly all early people. This bow had limited power and short range. However, man overcame these faults by learning to track his targets at a close range. The long bow was most likely discovered when someone found out that a five-foot piece of wood made a better bow than a three-foot piece. Hundreds of thou- sands of these bows were made and used for three hundred years. However, not one is known to survive today. We believe that a force of about one hundred pounds was needs to pull the string all the way back on a long bow. For a long time the bow was just a bent stick and string. In fact, more changes have taken place in a bow in the past 25 years than in the last 7 centuries. Today, bow is forceful. It is as exact as a gun. In addition, it requires little strength to draw the string. Modern bows also have precise aiming devices. In indoor contests, perfect scores from 40 yards are common. The invention of the bows itself ranks with discovery of fire and the wheel. It was a great-step-forward for man.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. Why did man have to track his target at a close range when using a short bow?19. What does the passage tell us about the long bow?20. What do we know about modem bows?“成千上万人疯狂下载。