多种工作方式物料输送系统

毕业设计

题目多种工作方式物料输送系统设计学院机械工程学院

专业机械工程

班级机工1309

学生张清哲

学号***********

指导教师丁良

二〇一七年五月十一日

摘要

在当今世界经济高速发展的情况下，现代企业都朝着高速度、高效率的方向发展，革故鼎新的浪潮势不可挡，落后或者保守的企业终将会被淘汰。其中运输系统作为两个工作台的联系，发挥着越来越重要的作用，运输系统的不断更新，带来的是效率的不断的提高和成本的不断降低。

在运输系统中，运料小车是其中一个重要的载体，遍布各大工厂的车间内。在早期的运料小车控制比较复杂，主要是手动的工作方式和半自动的工作方式，体积大，成本高，维修困难。它的控制系统多是一些电器组成，没有数据处理能力，人工参与较多。在现代工厂中，每个工作台对物料需求量不统一，这就需要运料小车对工作台精确地运送，像以往采用人工操控，耗时又费力，成本还高，不利于工厂的发展。

针对这个问题本课题对此系统进行了自动控制研究，当工作台按下运料按钮，运料小车就会自动装料到既定重量，运行至工作台自动卸料，然后在原路返回。运料按钮具有自锁功能，先按下者优先。

关键词：PLC；运料小车；物料输送系统

ABSTRACT

In today's world of rapid economic development, modern enterprises are moving in the direction of high-speed, high-efficiency development, innovation and new wave of irresistible, backward or conservative enterprises will eventually be eliminated. Which transport system as a link between the two workstations, play an increasingly important role in the continuous upgrading of transport systems, bringing the efficiency of the continuous improvement and the cost of continuous reduction.

In the transport system, transport cargo car is one of the important carrier, all over the major factories in the workshop. In the early transport car control more complex, mainly manual work and semi-automatic work, large size, high cost, difficult maintenance. Its control system is composed of some electrical appliances, no data processing capabilities, manual participation more. In the modern factory, each table on the material demand is not uniform, which requires transport trucks on the table to accurately transport, as in the past using manual control, time-consuming and laborious, cost is high, is not conducive to the development of the factory.

In order to solve this problem, this system has carried on the automatic control research to this system. When the workbench presses the transport button, the transport cart will automatically load to the established weight, run to the table automatic discharge, and then return in the original way. The transport button has a self-locking function, first press the priority.

Key words：PLC; freight car; material handling system

目录

摘要 ................................................................... I ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................... I I 1 前言 .. (1)

1.1 物料输送系统的发展 (1)

1.1.1 运料小车控制系统发展阶段 (1)

1.1.2 PLC的概述 (2)

1.2 选题的目的与意义 (2)

1.3 本课题设计的主要内容和要求 (2)

2 运料小车机械部分设计 (4)

2.1 概述 (4)

2.2 机械本体设计与选型 (4)

2.2.1 本体的设计 (4)

2.2.2 钢轨的选型 (4)

2.2.3车轮的设计 (4)

2.2.4减速器的设计 (4)

2.2.5轴的设计及联轴器的选择 (11)

2.2.6液压缸的设计 (12)

2.3动力元件的设计 (13)

2.3.1电动机的选型 (13)

2.4执行单元的设计 (14)

2.4.1液压系统图的设计 (14)

3 控制系统设计 (17)

3.1电气控制设计 (17)

3.1.1主电路设计 (17)

3.1.2手动电路设计 (17)

3.1.3自动电路设计 (19)

3.1.4主要电器元件的选择 (20)

3.2 PLC控制设计 (20)

3.2.1 PLC的选择 (20)

3.2.2程序设计流程图 (20)

3.2.3 I/0接口分配 (22)

3.2.4 PLC外部接线图 (22)