2015年电子科技大学成都考研真题832微电子器件
621英语水平测试-电子科技大学2015硕士入学考试真题
电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题电子科技大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试初试自命题科目及代码汇总•111单独考试政治理论•241法语(二外)•242德语(二外)•243日语(二外)•244英语(二外仅日语方向) •288单独考试英语•601数学分析•602高等数学•613分子生物学•615日语水平测试•616公共管理综合•621英语水平测试•622心理学综合•623新闻传播理论•625宪法学•688单独考试高等数学•689西方行政史•690中国近现代史•691政治学原理•692数学物理基础•694生物学综合•694生物学综合•695口腔综合•804行政法与行政诉讼法学•805新闻传播实务•806行政管理综合•808金融学基础•809管理学原理•811大学物理•812地理信息系统基础•813电磁场与电磁波•814电力电子技术•815电路分析基础•818固体物理•820计算机专业基础•821经济学基础•824理论力学•825密码学基础与网络安全•830数字图像处理•831通信与信号系统•832微电子器件•834物理化学•835线性代数•836信号与系统和数字电路•839自动控制原理•840物理光学•845英美文学基础知识及运用•846英语语言学基础知识及运用•847日语专业基础知识及应用•852近代物理基础•853细胞生物学•854国际政治学•855辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义•856测控通信原理•857概率论与数理统计•858信号与系统•859测控通信基础•860软件工程学科基础综合电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目:621英语水平测试注：无机读卡，所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上无效。
Part I Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: In this part there are 5 passages, each with some questions or incomplete statements. Read them carefully and then choose from the four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D to answer the questions or complete the statements. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1Oh no, not Anthony Weiner again.The older generation never gets it. Anthony Weiner, a candidate for mayor of New York, admitted this week to having sent more snaps of himself to a digital acquaintance. As any youngster could have told him, the way to find love is to send photos of your face.Consider Will, a 24-year-old up-and-coming film director in California. He meets potential dates via a smartphone app called Tinder. It finds potential matches who are nearby—your phone always knows where you are—and shows him photos from their Facebook profiles. Will can like or reject each photo. If a woman he likes also likes him, both are alerted and can start chatting.Tinder is quick (you can scroll through dozens of photos in minutes) and spares your blushes (you never know if someone rejects you). Will has already had three romantic encounters and hundreds of matches, he says. Justin Mateen, a co-founder of Tinder, says it has made 100m matches since its launch in September, and led to 50 marriage proposals. He adds: “The app has only really been going for nine months. There could be a baby popping out soon.”Americans are dating longer, which creates opportunities for matchmakers. Some are quite direct.Bang with Friends (BWF), another app, allows users to specify which of their Facebook friends they would like to spend the night with. If both parties feel the same way, BWF notifies them. If not, no one is any the wiser. BWF was booted from Apple’s app store, but that hasn’t stopped it from creating 200,000 pairings since its January launch. BWF’s boss, admits he came up with the concept while “a bit tipsy”.Such apps make it easier to find potential partners, but don’t seem to have turned America into a nation of bed-hoppers. Young women claim to have had a median of 3.6 male intimate friends while young men 6.1 female ones. These figures may be inaccurate—men may exaggerate; women may undercount—but they have not changed much in years.Parents fret that staring at screens all day has made youngsters socially inept face-to-face. A第1 页共12 页survey by two dating sites found that 36-38% of Americans aged 21-34 ask for dates by text message. But when they meet, they must still make their moves in person. Witty joking and a well-placed wink still have their uses.1. It can be summarized from the first three paragraphs that _________.A. we used to judge a potential match by his or her appearanceB. one can find love by sending his photos to a digital acquaintanceC. Anthony Weiner is trying to win more votes from digital friendsD. Tinder will probably replace traditional matchmakers worldwide2. The sixth paragraph is focused on _________.A. the huge success that BWF has achievedB. the serious consequence of digital datingC. the evolution of matchmaking in the U.S.D. the future developments of Facebook3. The last paragraph implies that _________.A. excessive use of apps leaves youngsters socially awkwardB. most young people find love through text messagesC. people in love often move their homes before marriageD. verbal or non-verbal language is still used during dates4. Potential matches found by Tinder are probably _________.A. young, single, and nearbyB. poor, married, but lonelyC. illiterate, retired, but divorcedD. far-away, busy, and happyPassage 2The human body contains enormous quantities of energy. In fact, the average adult has as much energy stored in fat as a one-ton battery. That energy fuels our everyday activities, but what if those actions could in turn run the electronic devices we rely on? Today, innovators around the world are banking on our potential to do just that.Movement produces kinetic energy, which can be converted into power. In the past, devices that turned human kinetic energy into electricity, such as hand-cranked radios, computers and flashlights, involved a person’s full participation. But a growing field is tapping into our energy without our even noticing it.Consider, for example, a health club. With every step you take on a treadmill and with every muscle curl, you turn surplus calories into motion that could drive a generator and produce electricity. The energy from one person’s workout may not be much, but 100 people could contribute significantly to a facility’s power needs.That’s the idea behind the Green Microgym in Portland, Oregon, where machines likes tationary bikes harvest energy during workouts. Pedaling turns a generator, producing electricity that helps to power the building. For now, body energy supplies only a small fraction of the gym’s needs, but the amount should increase as more machines are adapted. “By being extremely energy-efficient and combining human power, solar and someday wind, I believe we’ll be able to be net-zero for electricity sometime this year,” says the gym’s owner, Adam Boesel. His bikes, by the way, aren’t the flirts to put pedal power to work. In some parts of the world, cyclists have been powering safety第2 页共12 页lights for years with devices called bicycle dynamos, which use a generator to create alternating current with every turn of the wheels.Dance clubs are also getting in on the action. In the Netherlands, Rotterdam’s new Club WATT has a floor that harnesses the energy created by the dancers’ steps. For now, it’s just enough to power LED lights in the floor, but in the future, more output is expected from newer technology.5. Using human body energy as power supplies _________.A. requires us to be strongB. is a great new ideaC. proves to be difficultD. is increasingly popular6. It can be learned that the Green Microgym _________.A. is using human, solar and wind power to produce electricityB. is the first to use bikes to harvest human body energyC. will be able to satisfy its power needs by using green energyD. will introduce the technology to other parts of the world7. What is the author’s most likely comment on the application of body energy?A. It is unrealistic at present.B. It has a promising future.C. Its effect is still unknown.D. It depends on the energy cost.Passage 3The first of Laurence Smith’s two weddings was meant to take place in the midwinter snow not far south of the Arctic Circle. The second foresaw balmy blue skies in Palm Springs, California. As it turned out, the guests were greeted by rain and slush in the far north, then by a chill and more rain in the Californian desert.If the weather is capable of surprising him, why should anyone trust Mr. Smith’s forecast for 2050? Because the growing freakiness of weather is precisely his point. Climate change is one of four mega-trends, along with globalization, population growth and surging demand for natural resources, that he thinks will shape the world over the coming decades. The first part of his book The New North: The World in 2050 is a familiar tale of teeming cities, roaring trade, harder-to-get-at oil and rising sea levels.But Mr. Smith comes into his own when he explores the consequences of these trends (climate change especially) for the quarter of the Earth that lies at latitudes above 45°N. A geographer at the University of California, Los Angeles, he specializes in the frozen lands of Russia, Canada, Alaska and Iceland. The region is about to undergo a great transformation.The planet’s warming may be global, but climate-change models predict it will be amplified in the north. Permafrost will melt and settlement patterns will change. Inland, construction will become trickier and ice roads less dependable, so development will gravitate to the coasts. By mid-century the Arctic Ocean may be briefly free of sea ice in September, a boon to shipping. Crops will spread north as seal hunters become farmers.Interest in the region’s vast and increasingly accessible natural resources is already growing, along with the potential for conflict over the rights to these riches. Mr. Smith believes there is every chance that the development of the “new north” will be peaceful, thanks to habits of cooperation and第3 页共12 页an internationally accepted rule book for laying down rights to the seabed. He sees a leading role for the region’s indigenous peoples.By 2050 the answers to some very big questions should be clear: what happens to the north’s massive stocks of carbon in the soil as it defrosts; whether great schemes to channel freshwater from north to south are attempted; how populous, resource-hungry China works with Russia’s emptying, resource-rich Far East. Mr. Smith reckons an area about one and a half times the size of the United States will be habitable, albeit for much of the year still cold and dark. The development of the new north, he thinks, might resemble that of the American West, dotted with settlements formed for mining and trade.Obscuring the view of 2050, however, is a caveat that looms as large as an Arctic iceberg. Mr. Smith sets ground rules that allow him to extrapolate into the future without worrying about disruptions such as game-changing leaps in technology. This is an “informed thought-experiment”rather than a proper prediction. But for anyone curious about the new north—let alone thinking of investing in Arctic derivatives—it is an instructive exercise.8. The word “boon” in the fourth paragraph can be replaced by _________.A. prohibitionB. prosperityC. benefitD. catastrophe9. According to Laurence Smith, the following are all very likely to happen in the future decadesEXCEPT _________.A. The local people in the “new north” will benefit from the climate changeB. The development of the “new north” will be on a peaceful processC. The natural resources in the “new north” will be able to exploitedD. The large amounts of carbon in the “new north” soils will be safely controlled10. What can be inferred from the passage?A. The author takes a skeptical attitude towards Laurence Smith’s predictions of the Arctic.B. The author reckons Laurence Smith is somewhat optimistic in imagining the “new north”C. Laurence Smith did a lot of experiments in combining geographical predictions andeconomic development.D. Laurence Smith shares with the author that the future of the Article depends on ourawareness and actions.11. Which of the following titles is more appropriate for the passage?A. The Arctic: The de-icing ageB. Climate Change: Humankind’s futureC. A Day Dreamer: Laurence Smith’s new writing styleD. 2050: The end of the worldPassage 4The newspaper must provide for the reader the facts, unalloyed, unslanted, objectively selected facts. But in these days of complex news it must provide more; it must supply interpretation, the meaning of the facts. This is the most important assignment confronting American journalism—to make clear to the reader the problems of the day, to make international news as understandable as第4 页共12 页community news, to recognize that there is no longer any such thing (with the possible exception of such scribbling as society and club news) as “local”news, because any event in the international area has a local reaction in manpower draft, in economic strain, in terms, indeed, of our very way of life.There is in journalism a widespread view that when you embark on interpretation, you are entering choppy and dangerous waters, the swirling tides of opinion. This is nonsense.The opponents of interpretation insist that the writer and the editor shall confine himself to the “facts”. This insistence raises two questions: What are the facts? And: Are the bare facts enough?As to the first query. Consider how a so-called “factual” story cones about. The reporter collects, say, fifty facts; out of these fifty, his space allotment being necessarily restricted, he selects the ten, which he considers most important. This is Judgment Number One. Then he or his editor decides which of these ten facts shall constitute the lead of the piece. This is important decision because many readers do not proceed beyond the first paragraph. This is Judgment Number Two. Then the night editor determines whether the article shall be presented on page one, where it has a large impact, or on page twenty-four, where it has little. Judgment Number Three.Thus, in the presentation of a so-called “factual” or “objective” story, at least three judgments are involved. And they are judgments not at all unlike those involved in interpretation, in which reporter and editor, calling upon their general background, and their “news neutralism,” arrive at a conclusion as to the significance of the news.The two areas of judgment, presentation of the news and its interpretation, are both objective rather then subjective processes—as objective, that is, as any human being can be. (Note in passing: even though complete objectivity can never be achieved, nevertheless the ideal must always be the beacon on the murky news channels.) Of an editor is intent on slanting the news, he can do it in other ways and more effectively than by interpretation. He can do it by the selection of those facts that prop up his particular plea. Or he can do it by the pay he gives a story—promoting it to page one or demoting it to page thirty.12. The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is _________.A. Interpreting the News.B. Choosing Facts.C. Subjective versus Objective Processes.D. Everything Counts.13. Why does the writer of an article select ten out of fifty available facts?A. His editor is prejudiced.B. Space is limited.C. The subject is not important.D. The newspaper is arbitrary.14. What is the least effective way of “slanting” news?A. Placement.B. Concentration.C. InterpretationD. His editor is prejudiced.15. Why should the lead sentence present the most important fact?A. It will influence the reader to continue.B. It will be the best way to write.C. Some readers do not read beyond the first paragraph.D. It will gratify the editor.第5 页共12 页Passage 5One of the most pivotal moments in American literature occurred near the end of the nineteenth century as authors such as a young man named Stephen Crane began to embrace a literary style forged in Europe a bit earlier and which would come to be known as naturalism. Crane was born to parents in the ministry and grew up in a household grounded in religious beliefs and context. Yet, before long, Crane had, for the most part, rejected religion and the idea of divine intervention in favor of a more hands-on approach to the world. As he began to develop as a writer, naturalist themes of man versus nature, the unrelenting power of nature, and an objective view of the world began to dominate his writing. Naturalists attempted to depict the most accurate view of life unadulterated and unobstructed by external commentary or spiritual intervention. Ultimately Crane’s masterful short story The Open Boat stands as one of the most complete and developed works of the naturalist genre.The first apparent element of naturalism in The Open Boat is its subject matter—a shipwreck. Being as true to life as possible is one of the most common goals of a naturalistic writer, and, in this short story, Crane is no exception. It did not come from Crane’s imagination. Rather, it stemmed from his personal experience. As a young war reporter, Crane was on his way from Florida to Cuba when his vesse1, the Commodore, encountered a violent tempest. Within hours, the ship had sunk, leaving a few lucky survivors on a tiny lifeboat to be subjected to the full of nature. Throughout the story Crane depicts scene after scene as if they were snapshots or a shorn film of what the men in the boat were up against. Through his prose, Crane is able to reveal the unadulterated brutal realism manifest in nature itself.As Crane continues with the theme of man versus nature in The Open Boat, the element of pessimism crucial to any naturalistic work, becomes quite apparent. The men are at the mercy of the storms and the seas and cannot do much to save themselves. In this sense, Crane reveals the indifference of nature and the universe in relation to the life or plight of human beings in general. It’s obvious to him that angels will not swoop down and save the unfortunate men. The situation of the shipwreck is ideal because ordinary, everyday people must face an extreme situation from which it is more than likely that they will perish. Crane continually creates a mood of impending doom and the punishing nature of the universe throughout the story. Along the way, he provides little commentary on the situation, forcing readers to place themselves immediately on the boat with the men while enforcing the dark tone of the story. But, even to Crane and most naturalist writers, all is not lost.While Crane’s work The Open Boat is a dark account of a chance situation that turns fatal for many, but not all, of the crew of the Commodore, it also sets forth the main elements of a naturalistic literary work at the turn of the twentieth century. Despite the fact that nature can be unrelenting and compassionless towards humans at any given moment, Crane ultimately shows how individuals still always have the capacity to strive together to overcome hardships and disaster. Furthermore, the accuracy and detail by Crane shun any possibility of a sugarcoated reality and reveals the true ferocity of nature as it is.16. Which of the following can be inferred from the first paragraph about Stephen Crane?第6 页共12 页A. He enjoyed the ministry and listening to preachers.B. He did not enjoy writing when he was young.C. He was rivaled by no other author of his time.D. He was not in tune with the beliefs of his parents.17. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the underlinedsentence in the first paragraph?A. Naturalists liked to place their own opinions on spirituality in their writing.B. Naturalists placed more emphasis on representing life as it appeared to them.C. Naturalists tried to embody the most precise view of life by looking to religion.D. Naturalists believed the life was obstructed by outside ambition and spirituality.18. According to the second paragraph, The Open Boat is important as a naturalist work because_________.A. it is true account taken from Crane’s own personal experienceB. the story is completely fabricated from Crane’s imaginationC. it is based on a series of events in a shipwreck that Crane heard ofD. it does not attempt to glorify Crane’s heroism against nature19. The author discusses nature in the third paragraph in order to _________.A. show how Crane believes divine power will save humanityB. note that nature itself is stronger than all of humankindC. indicate that nature does not care for strife among peopleD. reveal how it is pessimistic toward life on Earth20. According to the fourth paragraph, the men in the boat are significant because _________.A. they show that by banding together, human beings can surviveB. they represent the ultimate downfall of life according to CraneC. they allow fate to run its course and decide their own futureD. they discount nature and do not take it seriously until the endPart II Structure and Vocabulary (20 points)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.21. The general manager usually _________ a question before he gives his answer.A. pondersB. extractsC. imploresD. enlists22. His classmates dislike him for his _________ as he always boasts about his family.A. reclusionB. pomposityC. prideD. austerity23. The writer told several _________ about his colleagues and made everybody laugh.A. legendsB. mythsC. fablesD. anecdotes24. She must have been pretty _____ to fall for such an old trick.A. interestedB. gullibleC. enthusiasticD. shrewd25. This is the ______ piano on which the composer created some of his greatest works.A. trueB. originalC. realD. genuine第7 页共12 页26. A lack of appetite may be ________ of a major mental or physical disorder.A. inquisitiveB. initiativeC. indicativeD. informative27. The self-image controls a person’s attitudes or _________ of what happens to her.A. interpretationsB. approachesC. commitmentsD. simulations28. By the year 2040, Yale University will need over eight acres of land to _________ its library.A. manipulateB. accommodateC. illuminateD. obligate29. If you don’t know where you’ re going in life, you are _________ to wind up somewhere else.A. possibleB. inevitableC. optionalD. liable30. As far as marriage is concerned, it is mutual care and love that _________.A. mountsB. discountsC. countsD. calculates31. If the ten amendments that _________ the Bill of Rights of the US Constitution were a familyof ten children, you wouldn’t want to be the Third.A. includeB. embraceC. compriseD. involve32. The person in custody must, prior to interrogation, be clearly informed that he has the right toremain _________.A. silentB. taciturnC. speechlessD. consent33. The road wound rather _________ into a valley, in which the Pemberley House was situated.A. unprecedentedlyB. abruptlyC. promptlyD. irreversibly34. There is some reason for not giving up my career and _________ a different one.A. taking inB. bringing aboutC. arising fromD. embarking on35. Their house was in close _________ to ours, so we became intimate friends in time.A. vicinityB. contactC. relationD. community36. What all this _________ rhetoric obscured was the lack of hard evidence that violent mediaactually turns children into killers.A. multiculturalB. innovativeC. hyperbolicD. interactive37. A(n) _________ reading approach to reading is a combination of approaches—global, analyticand synthetic—used to suit the convenience of the reader.A. literalB. innovativeC. liberalD. eclectic38. _________ with languages gives you an edge in many jobs and professional opportunities, butis especially valuable in fields such as advertising, business, education and foreign affairs.A. ThresholdB. FacilityC. SpecializationD. Accommodation39. Rather than dictate how I think it ought to work, I would tell my employees to _________something that will work.A. get back toB. get out ofC. come along withD. come up with40. The visitors were impressed by the facilities planned and programmed ________ theirinterrelationships.A. in terms ofB. in aspects ofC. in units ofD. in case ofPart III Cloze (20 points)Directions: Fill in each blank with ONE appropriate word to complete the passage. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.第8 页共12 页Passage A:A new report published on November 4th takes a different approach.GlobalWebIndex (GWI), a market-research firm 41 local partners in 32 countries, surveys 170,000 consumers a year and recently began to ask detailed questions about internet use. It 42 China and India in the top three for Facebook users. SimilarWeb, 43 does IP-based analysis, does not even put China in the top ten.One reason for the 44 is that in many developing markets devices are widely shared. Conversely, more than three-quarters of respondents in the GWI report said they used more than one 45 . 46 factor is the spread of virtual private networks (VPNs) and proxy servers, which 47 it possible to surf the web through a foreign server.Once restricted to the tech-literate, these are now common and easy to use. Chinese citizens who want to vault the Great Firewall to use Facebook can do so with a couple of clicks. Foreign fans of the BBC can use the 48 trick to watch its programs via iPlayer, supposedly barred 49 Britain. Since VPNs and proxy servers are clustered in 50 with favorable rules, such as Sweden and the Netherlands, any count of visits to such sites will be skewed. 41. ____________42. ____________43. ____________44. ____________45. ____________46. ____________47. ____________48. ____________49. ____________50. ____________Passage B:Happy hours are not necessarily happy, 51 do they last for an hour, but they have become a part of the ritual of the office worker and businessman.52 weekdays in pubs and bars throughout America, there is the late afternoon happy hour. The time may 53 from place to place, but usually it is held from four to seven. 54 the workday is finished, office workers in large cities and small towns take a relaxing pause and do not go directly home. They head off 55 for the nearest bar or pub to be with friends, co-workers and colleagues. Within minutes the pub is filled to capacity 56 businessmen and secretaries, office clerks and stock executives. They gather 57 the bar like birds around a fountain or forest animals around a watering hole and chat about the trifles of office life or matters more personal. This is their desert garden, the place to relieve the day’s stress at the office.At these happy hours, social binding occurs 58 people who share the same workplace or similar professions. They may chat about each other or talk about a planned project that has 59 to meet a deadline. In this 60 , these places become extensions of the workplace and constitute a good portion of one’s social life. 51. ____________52. ____________53. ____________54. ____________55. ____________56. ____________57. ____________58. ____________59. ____________60. ____________第9 页共12 页Part IV Paraphrasing (20 points)Directions: Paraphrase the underlined parts. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Consult any encyclopedia and you will find Charles Babbage credited with having conceived the first automatic digital computer. (61) Dig deeper, however, and it quickly becomes apparent that Babbage had a lot of help.Others before him had already tried to build calculating contraptions, notably Gottfried Leibniz, a German mathematician. (62) Babbage held regular salons and founded clubs where his ideas were sharpened. And there was also Ada Lovelace, his collaborator and the world’s first computer programmer.The argument against the great man theory of invention is not new. (63) But the main merit of Walter Isaacson’s new book The Innovators is to show that this is particularly true in information technology—despite the customary lionization of many of its pioneers, from Babbage and Alan Turing to Bill Gates and Linus Torvalds.All appear in Mr. Isaacson’s book, which explains its length. Whether their worlds revolved around the computer itself, the microchip, software, the PC, the internet or everything in between—these are all stories that show that invention always has many fathers (and mothers). (64) In fact, those who tried to go it alone tended to fail.(65) Mr. Isaacson thinks geniuses are important but they have to be seen in the context of times they lived in and the people they collaborated with. John von Neumann was a Hungarian-born polymath who worked on the ENIAC, one of the first programmable machines. His name is associated by many with early advances in programming and software architecture. (66) But it was a group of women who were at the forefront of programming, because back then it often involved plugging in wires and throwing switches. “If the ENIAC’s administrators had known how crucial programming would be…they might have been more hesitant to give such an important role to women,” he quotes one of them, Jean Jennings, as saying.(67) The ENIAC also shines a light on another issue: how innovation should best be commercialized. In 1945 von Neumann published a paper summarizing the project’s ideas—making it impossible for others on the team to patent them. The debate over whether innovation is better served by sharing intellectual property or by protecting it has been heated.(68) Mr. Isaacson clearly thinks that innovation is all about getting the mix right, though he doesn’t put it quite that way. If a brilliant leader is too self-involved, as was the case with William Shockley, an American physicist who helped invent the transistor radio, things fall apart. (69) Similarly, teams that lack a willful visionary often falter, as happened after Steve Jobs left Apple. Groups with a wide variety of specialities and experiences do much better than a bunch of left-brainers.The Innovators has not quite lived up to its own advice of getting the mix right. (70) Mr. Isaacson could have dedicated more pages to what he calls “lessons from the journey”, rather than retelling at length stories that other books have already laid out, even if he does give them credit. Then again, just like great technology, a good book doesn’t just emerge from nowhere.第10 页共12 页。
电子科技大学(成都)考研历年真题之832微电子器件2008--2015年考研真题
注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
一、填空题（共 48 分，每空 1.5 分） 1、PN 结二极管用途广泛，在作为变容二极管使用时，主要利用其（ （ 高而（ ）向偏置的
微电子器件 试题共 6 页，第 1 页
） ，因此τb/τB 可以表示 ） 。 ）的控制能力。 ） 。 （第二个空填 “大” 或 “小” ，
） ， 该控制能力越 （
）单向导电性。 （从以下选项中选择） C 空穴阻挡层 D 空穴反阻挡层
8、MOSFET 的跨导是（
）特性曲线的斜率，而漏源电导是（
）特性曲
3、防止 PN 结发生热击穿，最有效的措施是降低器件的（ （
）的半导体材料，其热稳定性越好。 （第二个空填“大”或“小” ） ） ，共发射极增量输
4、双极型晶体管的基区宽度调变效应越严重，其厄尔利电压越（ 出电阻越（ ） 。 （填“大”或“小” ）
5、已知双极型晶体管的基区度越时间和基区少子寿命分别为τb 和τB，则 1/τB 表示的物理 意义为（ （ 6、MOSFET 的亚阈区摆幅 S 反应了在亚阈区中（ 栅氧化层越厚， 则S越 （ 第三个空填“强”或“弱” ） 7、当金属和 P 型半导体形成金-半接触时，如果金属的功函数大于半导体的功函数，半导体表 面将形成（ A 电子阻挡层 E 具有 ） ，该结构（ B 电子反阻挡层 F 不具有
2、一个 NPN 双极型晶体管，掺杂浓度为 NE=5×1018cm-3，NB=5×1016cm-3，NC=1×1013cm-3，发 射区和基区宽度为 WE=10µm，WB=2µm。偏置条件为 IB=2mA，VBC=-3V。电子和空穴的扩散 系数分别为 Dn=40cm2/s 和 Dp=20cm2/s，电子和空穴的寿命均为 1µs。求： （1） 器件的共发射极直流短路电流放大系数 β 为多少？ （2） 器件的跨导 gm 为多少？ （10 分）
电子科技大学832微电子器件17年考研真题
考试科目：832 微电子器件一、填空题（共45分，每空1.5分）1、根据输运方程，载流子的（扩散）电流主要与载流子浓度梯度相关，而（漂移）电流主要与载流子浓度相关。
2、俄歇复合的逆过程是（碰撞电离）。
3、当PN结反偏时候，反向电流由（少子）扩散电流和势垒区（产生）电流构成。
4、在二极管的反向恢复过程中，中性区存储的非少子浓度降低有两个原因，一是（载流子复合），二是（反向电流抽取）。
5、薄基区二极管是指P区和N区中至少有一个区的长度远小于该区的（少子扩散长度）。
在其它条件相同的情况下，薄基区二极管的中性区宽度越（小），扩散电流越大。
6、（热击穿）又称为二次击穿，这种击穿通常是破坏性的。
7、双极型晶体管的基区少子渡越时间是指少子在基区内从发射结渡越到集电结的平均时间，等于（基区非平衡少子电荷）除以基区少子电流。
8、半导体薄层材料的方块电阻与材料的面积无关，而与（掺杂浓度）和（厚度）相关。
（备注：填电阻率和厚度也可以）。
9、双极型晶体管的电流放大系数具有（正）温度系数，双极型晶体管的反向截止电流具有（正）温度系数。
（填”正”，”负”或”零”）10、双极型晶体管用于数字电路时，其工作点设置在（截至）区和（饱和）区；MOSFET用于模拟电路时，其直流工作点设置在（饱和）区。
11、由于短沟道器件的沟道长度非常短，起源于漏区的电力线将有一部分贯穿沟道区终止于源区，造成源漏之间的（势垒高度）降低，从而造成漏极电流的（变大）。
（第二个空填”变大”，”变小”或”不变”）12、高频小信号电压是指信号电压是指信号电压的振幅小于（KT/q）；高频小信号通常是叠加在（直流偏置）上的。
13、MOSFET漏源击穿的机理有两种，一种是（漏极PN结击穿），一种是（沟道穿通）。
14、漏源交流短路的情况下，MOSFET的（沟道载流子）电荷随（栅极）电压的变化，定义为MOSFET的本征栅极电容。
15、长沟道MOSFET的跨导与沟道长度（成反比），与栅源电压（成正比），而发生速度饱和的短沟道MOSFET的跨导与沟道长度（无关）。
电子科技大学微电子器件 (习题解答)
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电子科技大学【2015 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题】241专业课真题
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2015年电子科技大学成都考研真题242德语（二外）
2015年电子科技大学成都考研真题242德语（二外）电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学试题考试科目：242 德语注：无机读卡，所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
I. Was ist richtig? Machen Sie ein Kreuz! (35%)1). Wann fangen denn dieses Jahr die Sommerferien an?_____ Juli.A.Die elfteB.Am elfC.Um elftenD.Am elften2). Sie soll_____nicht über sein Verhalten ?rgern.Er ist doch noch viel zu jung.A.euchB.ihnC.ihrD.sich3).Einen Pullover m?chten Sie?_____denn?-Einen Winterpullover für die kalte n Monate.A.WenB.WelchenC.Was für einenD.Wo4). Ist Paul schon da?-Nein,er hat sich versp?tet,aber ich warte_____A.daraufB.woraufC.auf erD.auf ihn5). Warum bist du denn so früh_____? Hat dir die Party nicht gefallen?A.weggegangenB.geweggangenC.weggehtD.weggangen6). Die armen Leute hatten gar keine andere____, als ihre D?rfer zu verlassen.A. WahlB. SchwierigkeitC. ZeitD. Lust7). …Kennen wir uns nicht?“…Tut mir Leid, ich____nicht an Sie____.“A. kann mich…erinnernB. erinnere…michC. mic h erinnern…kannD. mich…erinnern8). Der____Radfahrer mu?te ins Krankenhaus gebracht werden.A. verletztB. verletzteC. vertetzendeD. Verletzung9). …Wie kocht man das?“…Auf der Packung steht, da?____.“A. die Milch erw?rmt werden mu?B. die Milch mu? erw?rmt werden共 8 页第 1 页C. die Milch wird erw?rmtD. die Milch erw?rmt hat10). _______Lisa erst einen Monat Deutsch lernt,liest sie schon deutsche Zeitungen.A. WeilB. DamitC. ObwohlD. Trotzdem11). Leider habe ich nicht nur zwei Wochen Urlaub. Wenn ich mehr Zeit h?tte, _____ich mit dem Fahrrad nach Berlin_____.A. würde…fahrenB. fahren…würdeC. wurde…fahrenD. werde…gefahren12). Ich suche ______ ______Wagen. Er soll nicht mehr als 4,000 Mark kosten.A. ein gebrauchterB. einen gebrauchtenC. ein gebrauchtesD. einem gebrauchten13). Ein Fehler in der Planung führte____dem Unfall.A. zuB. aufC. nachD. an14). Nachdem die Schüler darüber heftig _____ , _____ sie dann ab.A. diskutiert hatten,stimmenB. diskutiert hatten,stimmtenC. gediskutiert haben,stimmenD. diskutiert haben,stimmten15). Ich wei? nicht, _____ er eingeladen hat.A. werB. wemC. wenD.wessen16). Ich gehe heute abend _____ ins Kino _____ins Theater,denn ich habe keine zeit.A. nicht nur...sondern auchB. sowohl...als auchC. entweder...oderD. weder... noch17). Der Vater ist damit einverstanden,_____ sein Sohn in München studiert.A. obB. da?C. indemD. wie18). Monika ist Lehrerin _____A. deines kleines SohnesB. deines kleinen SohnesC. deines kleinen SohnsD. deiner kleiner Sohns19). Der Student, _____ Eltern ich gut kannte, ist nach Deutschland gefahren.A. seineB. dieC. dessenD. deren20). Der Raum, _____ wir eintreten, ist sauber.A. in demB. in dasC. da?D. in den21). Die Prüfung ist leichter, _____ ich dac hte.A. wieB.da?C. alsD. was共 8 页第 2 页22). Fritz sagt zu Hans: …_____ schnell!“A. FahrB. F?hreC. F?hrstD. Fahrst23). China ist _____ der gr??ten L?nder in der Welt.A. einB. einesC. das eineD.das gr??te24). Als wir das Haus _____, _____ es an zu regnen.A. verlassen...f?ngtB. verlie?en...f?ngtC. verlie?en...fingD. verla?en...fingt25). Die gestern _____ G?ste sind meine alten Freunde.A. gekommeneB. gekommenenC. kommendeD. kommenden26). Ich habe heute nicht ins Kino gehen ________.A. kannB. k?nneC. gekonntD. k?nnen27). Die Sitzung mu?te wiederholt ________, weil die H?lfte derA bgeordnetengefehlt hatte.A. sindB. wordenC. werdenD. gewesen28). Ohne die Sonne ________ es kein Leben auf der Erde.A. gebenB. gabenC. g?beD. gebe29). Ich brauche ein W?rterbuch, ________ den Text zu übersetzen.A. anstattB. stattC. ohneD. um30). Ich habe die Illustrierte auf den Tisch ________.A. liegenB. legenC. gelegenD. gelegt31). Bitte werfen Sie nichts aus dem ________ Zug!A. fahrenB. fahrendenC. zu fahrendenD. gefahren32). Morgen ________ du nicht zu kommen.A. mu?tB. l??tC. kannstD. brauchst33). Die Studenten haben Hausaufgaben zu machen. Was kann man auch sagen?A.Sie müssen Hausaufgaben machen.B.Sie bekommen immer Hausaufgaben.C.Sie wollen gern Hausaufgaben machen.D.Sie haben viele Hausaufgaben.34). Es ist schade, ......A.da? morgen nicht meiner Party du kommen kannst.共 8 页第 3 页B.da? kannst zu meiner Party du morgen nicht kommen.C.da? du morgen nicht zu meiner Party kommen kannst.D.da? du kannst morgen zu meiner Party nicht kommen.35). Das ist alles, ...... ich dir sagen m?chte.A. wasB. dasC. esD.welchesII. Leseverst?ndnis: (20 %)Text1Das TraumlandIn diesem Land kann man wirklich gut leben. Die Leuteg rü?en freundlich, wenn man ihnen begegnet, und sie helfen bereitwillig, wenn man Probleme hat. Jeder behandelt den anderen h?flich, und schon die Kinder antworten gern und meistens richtig, wenn man sie nach dem weg fragt.Natürlich kann man sich auch hier ernsthaft streiten; denn die Leute vertreten ihre Meinung und verteidigen ihre Rechte genauso wie andere auch. Nur einigt man sich leicht mit ihnen, wenn man vernünftig und ohne Rechthaberei mit ihnen redet. Wenn man einigerma?en flei?ig arbeitet, hat man hier genug zum Leben. Eine Arbeit findet man zwar nicht sehr leicht, aber die Nachbarn helfen einem gern und geben Tips, wo eine Stelle frei ist. Die L?hne sind genau festgelegt: wer besonders schwer oder besonders viel arbeitet, bekommt entsprechend mehr. Für die Kinder sorgen alle gemeinsam, jedenfalls in finanzieller Hinsicht.Man kann in diesem Land auch recht gut wohnen. Die H?user sind zwar alle ganz einfach gebaut, ganz ohne Luxus. Aber es gibt genug Wohnungen, und die meisten sind sogar für Familie n mit mehreren Kindern gro? genug.Ich glaube, da? die Menschen hier besonders gesund leben. Man sieht n?mlich viele alte Leute, die fast alle rüstig aussehen. Alte Leute brauchen nicht zu arbeiten, aber sie tun es meist freiwillig und oft ohne Bezahlung. Ihre wichtigste Aufgabe ist es, Jugendliche auszubilden.In dem Land, von dem ich hier rede, sind auch Fremde willkommen; sie k?nnen so lange bleiben, wie sie wollen. Man erwartet nicht von ihnen, da? sie so sprechen und sich so verhalten wie die Einheimischen. Deswegen sind sie gern hier und sagen nur Gutes über das Land---von dem ich hier tr?ume.Richtig oder falsch? R oder F36). Die Leute in diesem Land sind hilfsbereit. ( )37). Man streitet sich nie. ( )38). In diesem Land ist es leicht,eine Abreit zu finden. ( )共 8 页第 4 页39). Wer dort mehr arbeitet, bekommt mehr Geld. ( )40). Die H?user dort sind einfach und klein. ( )41). Alte Leute arbeiten freiwillig in diesem Land. ( )42). Die wichtigste Aufgabe der alten Leute ist es, Jugendliche auszubilden. ( )43). Die Leute sind zu den Fremden auch sehr freundlich. ( )44). Die Fremden müssen aber so sprechen und sich so verhalten wie ( )die Leute in diesem Land.45). Das Land gef?llt den Fremden sehr. ( ) Text2Blumen von unbekanntWeil Frau Immelmann an diesem Tag um zehn Uhr zu Hause war, kam es zu dieser Geschichte. Es war ein Mittwoch. Normalerweise arbeitet Frau Immelmann mittwochs; an diesem Mittwoch jedoch hatte sie frei. Warum, wei? ich nicht.Um zehn Uhr Klingelte es. Weil Frau Immelmann zu Hause war, ging sie zur Tür und ?ffnete. Ein Mann drückte ihr einen gro?en Strau? rote Rosen in die Hand, grü?te und verschwand eilig. Eine Karte war nicht dabei,und weil der Mann so schnell weggegangen war, hatte Frau Immelmann nicht nach dem Absender fragen k?nnen. Von wem waren die Blumen? Vielleicht von...nein, unm?glich. Am Abend wurde Herr Immelmann wütend, weil seine Frau Rosen geschenkt bekommen h?tte, und weil sie nicht sagen konnte (oder wollte?),von wem. Au?erdem war seine Frau anders als sonst, wohl weil sie Blumen bekommen hatte.Herr Immelmann ging in die Kneipe (was er auch sonst tat, aber diesmal wütender und l?nger als sonst). Weil er an diesemMittwochabend wütend und lange in der Kneipe war, bekam er Streit mit einem Nachbarn, einem normalerweise freund lichen Mann. Und da er sehr zornig und ein bi?chen betrunken war, verd?chtigte er den freundlichen Nachbar, die Blumen geschickt zu haben.Am n?chsten Tag begrü?te der Nachbar Frau Immelmann besonders freundlich; weilihr Mann ihn verd?chtigt hatte, begann er ein Gespr?ch mit ihr ( er war n?mlich neugierig geworden, und deshalb wollte er sie kennenlernen).Weil Frau Immelmann an diesem Mittwoch um zehn Uhr zu Hause gewesen war, wegen der Rosen, und weil ihr Mann abends in der Kneipe einen Streit bekommen und eimen Verdacht ge?u?ert hatte, und weil auch sonst noch allerhand passierte, kam es zu einem Kleinen Umzug im Haus.共 8 页第 5 页Herr Immelmann sitzt jetzt noch l?nger als sonst in der Kneipe; denn zu Hause wartet niemand auf ihn. Der Nacbbar kommt nicht mehr in die Kneipe, weil er jetzt verheiratet ist. Seine Frau, die ehemalige Frau Immelmann, bekommt ab und zu Blumen von ihm, aber keine roten Rosen, weil sie die nicht so gern hat.46. Hatte Frau Immelmann normalerweise mittwochs frei?A.Ja, sie hatte mittwochs immer frei.B.Nein, sie arbeitete mittwochs immer.C.Nein, sie hatte normalerweise mittwochs nicht frei.47. Was übergab der Mann Frau Immelmann?A. Eine Karte.B. Einen Strau? rote Rosen.C. Bunte Blumen48.Wen verd?chtigte Herr Immelmann?A. Einen Kollegen von Frau Immelmann.B. Viele M?nner.C. Den Nachbarn.49.Hatte Frau Immelmann den Nachbarn früher schon kennengelernt?A.Ja, sie hatten sich früher schon kennengelernt.B.Nein, sie hatte den Nachbarn nicht früher kennengelernt.C.Nein, sie kannten sich überhaupt nicht. Sie wollten sich auch nichtkennenlernen.50.Wo war Herr Immelmann an diesem Mittwoch Abend lange?A.In der Kneipe.B. Bei dem Nachbarn.C. Zu Hause.51.Mit wem bekam Herr Immelmann einen Streit?A.Mit siner Frau.B. Mit dem Nachbarn.C. Mit einigen M?nnern in der kneipe.52.Warum kommt der Nachbar sp?ter nicht mehr in die Kneipe?A.Weil er verheiratet ist.共 8 页第 6 页B.Weil er mit Herrn Immelmann gestritten hat.C.Weil er umgezogen ist53.Wem kauft der Nachbar ab und zu Blumen?A.Seiner Frau.B. Frau Müller.C. Einer anderen unbekannten Frau54.Warum kauft der Nachbar keine roten Rosen?A.Weil er wegen der Rosen einen Streit mit Herrn Immelmann bekommen hat.B.Weil die roten Rosen kein richtiges Geschenk für die Fra uen sind.C.Weil seine Frau die roten Rosen nicht gern hat, denn diese erinnern sie an ihreScheidung.55.Mit wem hat sich der Nachbar verheiratet?A.Mit Frau Immelmann.B.Mit einer anderen Frau.C.Mit Frau Müller.III.Erg?nzen Sie die S?tze!（5%）56). Der Arbeiter, ________ Sohn mein Freund ist, wohnt oben.57). Ich danke dir herzlich________ deine Postkarte.58). Ich komme von einem Freund, ________ ich im Urlaub kennengelernt habe.59). Er kam nach Frankfurt, ________ eine chinesische Ausstellung vorzubereiten.60). übersetzen Sie die Namen einiger Speisen________ Englische.61). Ich habe noch einen Brief ________ beantworten.62). ________ Schwierigkeiten hat, dem kann ich helfen.63). Brecht war einmal so schlecht im Fach Franz?sisch , ________ er sitzenbleibensollte.64). Meiner Meinung ________ mu?te er eine wichtige Sitzung haben.65). Sie geht zu Fu? zum Bahnhof, ________ mit dem Auto zu fahren.共 8 页第 7 页IV. übersetzen Sie ins Deutsche: (15 %)66．昨天我们没去散步，因为天下雨。
2015年电子科技大学成都考研真题825密码学基础与网络安全
电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：825 密码学基础与网络安全注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
一、单向选择题（每题1分，共20题，20分）请在A、B、C和D四个选项中，选择一个最佳答案填写到答题纸上。
1. 下列关于安全服务与安全机制的关系不正确的说法是（）A. 安全服务由安全机制实现B. 安全机制与安全服务之间没有关系C. 一种安全机制可以实现一种安全服务D. 一种安全服务可以由一种安全机制来实现2. 按照加密和解密密钥是否相同，密码算法可分为（）A. 分组密码算法和序列密码算法B. 对称密码算法和公钥密码算法C. 基于密钥保密的算法和基于算法保密的算法D. 古典密码算法和现代密码算法3. 整数37的欧拉函数(37)j等于（）A. 35B. 36C. 37D. 384. 反病毒软件具有副作用，当正常操作和病毒操作不能辨别时，可能会造成反病毒系统的（）A. 误报B. 不报C. 漏报D. 错报5. 7804的后三位数字是（）A. 400B. 401C. 402D. 4036. 以下关于美国国防部所提出的PDRR网络安全模型说法正确的是（）A. 安全策略（Policy）是PDRR的重要内容B. 依据PDRR模型，增加系统的保护时间可提高系统的安全性C. 依据PDRR模型，增加系统的检测时间可提高系统的安全性D. 依据PDRR模型，应该尽量增加系统暴露时间来提高系统的安全性7. 以下说法不正确的是（）A. 非对称加密算法较好地解决了密钥管理问题B. TCP/IP协议在设计之初并未考虑网络安全威胁C. 网络隔离技术不能减少对信息系统的安全威胁D. 安全协议需要使用某种密码算法且须实现一项或多项安全功能8. 下列关于网络地址转换（NAT）正确的说法是（）A. NAT与防火墙能协同工作，但与VPN不能协同工作B. NAT与VPN能协同工作，但与防火墙不能协同工作C. NAT与防火墙能协同工作D. NAT与VPN不能协同工作9. 下列关于数字签名说法正确的是（）A. 数字签名是不可信的B. 数字签名容易被伪造C. 数字签名容易抵赖D. 数字签名不可改变10. 一般来说，以下哪个不属于设备物理安全的内容（）A. 设备防盗B. 设备防毁C. 设备电磁辐射抗扰D. 设备外观保护11. 关于电子密码本（ECB）密码操作模式说法正确的是（）A. 对每一个明文数据块采用不同的密钥进行加密B. 对每一个明文数据块采用不同的密钥进行解密C. 错误传递仅有一块：出错密文块仅导致对应的明文块错误D. 错误传递有多块：出错密文块将导致多个明文块错误12. 以下关于蜜罐（Honeypot）说法不正确的是（）A. 蜜罐技术可用来收集攻击信息B. 蜜罐技术可用来收集计算机病毒代码C. 蜜罐技术可用来诱骗攻击者D. 蜜罐技术可用来阻止网络攻击的发生13. 在以下技术中，不能用作消息认证函数来产生消息认证符的是（）A. 消息加密B. 消息认证码（MAC）C. 压缩函数D. 哈希（Hash）函数14. 以下关于IPSec中的密钥管理说法正确的是（）A. 互联网络安全关联和密钥管理协议（IAKMP）是IPSec密钥管理的框架B. 因特网密钥交换协议（IKE）是IPSec密钥管理的框架C. Diffie-Hellman密钥交协议是因特网密钥交换协议（IKE）使用的密钥交换协议D. Oakley不是因特网密钥交换协议（IKE）使用的密钥交换协议15. 以下关于防火墙说法正确的是（）A、所有防火墙都能够检测网络攻击 B. 所有防火墙都能够检测计算机病毒C. 防火墙能防御内部攻击D. 防火墙能防御外部攻击16. 以下关于入侵防护系统（IPS）的说法不正确的是（）A. 入侵防护系统（IPS）可以检测网络攻击行为B. 入侵防护系统（IPS）可以保护一个网络C. 入侵防护系统（IPS）可以阻断检测出的攻击行为D. 入侵防护系统（IPS）可以对计算机病毒进行检测17. 以下关于计算机犯罪（Computer Crime）最准确的说法是（）A. 攻击别人的计算机并进而获得信息的行为就是计算机犯罪B. 通过网络攻击获得别人的机密信息一定是计算机犯罪C. 盗窃计算机是计算机犯罪D. 行为人通过计算机操作所实施的危害计算机信息系统（包括内存数据及程序）安全以及其他严重危害社会的并应当处以刑罚的行为18. 可信计算机系统评估准则（TCSEC）是由哪个国家提出来的？（）A. 中国B. 英国C. 美国D. 德国19. NP问题的含义是（）A. 非确定性图灵机上不能够在多项式时间内得到处理的问题B. 非确定性图灵机上能够在多项式时间内得到处理的问题C. 确定性图灵机上不能够在多项式时间内得到处理的问题D. 确定性图灵机上能够在多项式时间内得到处理的问题20.下面关于TCP协议的说法中，不正确的是（）A. TCP协议是传输层的协议B. TCP协议是面向连接的协议C. TCP协议是非面向连接的协议D. TCP协议数据包中不包含源IP地址二、多项选择题（每题2分，共10题，20分）每题有一个或多个正确答案。
243日语(二外)-电子科技大学2015硕士入学考试真题
电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题电子科技大学2016年硕士研究生初试自命题科目及代码汇总·111单独考试政治理论·812地理信息系统基础·241法语(二外)·813电磁场与电磁波·242德语(二外)·814电力电子技术·243日语(二外)·815电路分析基础·244英语(二外仅日语方向) ·818固体物理·288单独考试英语·820计算机专业基础·601数学分析·821经济学基础·602高等数学·824理论力学·613分子生物学·825密码学基础与网络安全·615日语水平测试·830数字图像处理·616公共管理综合·831通信与信号系统·621英语水平测试·832微电子器件·622心理学综合·834物理化学·623新闻传播理论·835线性代数·625宪法学·836信号与系统和数字电路·688单独考试高等数学·839自动控制原理·689西方行政史·840物理光学·690中国近现代史·845英美文学基础知识及运用·691政治学原理·846英语语言学基础知识及运用·692数学物理基础·847日语专业基础知识及应用·694生物学综合·852近代物理基础·694生物学综合·853细胞生物学·695口腔综合·854国际政治学·804行政法与行政诉讼法学·855辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义·805新闻传播实务·856测控通信原理·806行政管理综合·857概率论与数理统计·808金融学基础·858信号与系统·809管理学原理·859测控通信基础·811大学物理·860软件工程学科基础综合电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目： 243 日语注：无机读卡，所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
成都电子科技大学微电子器件2008-2016年考研初试真题+答案
电子科技大学2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：832 微电子器件注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
一、填空题（共44分，每空1分）1、PN结的内建电势也称为扩散电势，是指耗尽区中从（）处到（）处的电位差。
掺杂浓度越高，内建电势将越（）。
2、根据耗尽近似和中性近似，在PN结势垒区内，（）已完全耗尽；而在势垒区之外，（）浓度等于电离杂质浓度，维持电中性。
3、在相同的电场强度和温度下，锗材料和硅材料相比较，碰撞电离率更高的是（），其原因是它的（）更小。
4、在计算实际PN结的雪崩击穿电压或势垒电容时，如果结两侧掺杂浓度相差较小，浓度梯度较小，而结深较大时，则可将其近似为（）结求解。
5、温度升高时，PN结的齐纳击穿电压会（），因为（）随温度升高减小了。
6、一个PN结二极管在制备完成后对其进行了电子辐照，该二极管的反向恢复时间将（），原因是电子辐照在半导体中引入了（）。
7、当PN结的正向电流增大时，其直流增量电阻会（），扩散电容会（）。
（填“变大”，“变小”或“不变”）8、双极型晶体管的基区宽度越小，其共发射极增量输出电阻越（），厄尔利电压越（）。
（填“大”或“小”）9、双极型晶体管的发射结注入效率是指（）电流与（）电流之比。
10、双极型晶体管的基区发生大注入时，由于基区载流子浓度急剧增加，其发射结注入效率γ会（）；同时，和PN结大注入相类似，基区内会发生（）效应。
11、高频双极型晶体管的工作频率范围一般在：（）< f <（）。
12、双极型晶体管的高频优值是指（）与（）的乘积。
13、小电流时，双极型晶体管的电流放大系数会下降，这是由于（）在（）中所占的比例增加所引起的。
14、MOS结构中，半导体的表面势是指从（）到（）的电势差。
一般来说，实际MOS结构的表面势是（）零的，这主要是由于（）以及（）所引起。
（第三个空填“>”、“<”或“=”）15、为了降低栅氧化层电荷的影响，MOSFET通常会采用（）晶面来制作。
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电子科技大学
2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：832 微电子器件
注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
一、填空题（共45分，每空1分）
1、泊松方程的积分形式即是（）定理，它的物理意义是：流出一个闭合
曲面的电通量等于该闭合曲面围成的体积内的（）。
2、PN结的扩散电容和势垒电容有很多不同之处。
例如：（）只存在于正向偏
压之下；（）的正负电荷在空间上是分离的；（）能用作变容二极管。
3、锗二极管和相同掺杂浓度、相同尺寸的硅二极管相比，其反向饱和电流更（），正
向导通压降更（）。
4、碰撞电离率是指每个载流子在（）内由于碰撞电离产生的（）
的数目。
电场越（），材料的禁带宽度越（），碰撞电离率将越大。
5、温度升高时，PN结的雪崩击穿电压将（），这是因为温度升高将导致晶格振动
加强，因而载流子的平均自由程（）。
6、MOSFET用于数字电路时，其工作点设置在（）区和（）区；
双极型晶体管用于模拟电路时，其直流偏置点设置在（）区。
7、双极型晶体管的t b既是基区渡越时间，又是（）电阻与（）
电容的乘积。
8、双极型晶体管的跨导代表其（）电流受（）电压变化的影响。
双
极型晶体管的直流偏置点电流I E越大，跨导越（）；工作温度越高，跨导越（）。
（第三、四个空填“大”或“小”）
9、一般来说，双极型晶体管的几个反向电流之间的大小关系为：I ES（）I CS；
I CBO（）I CEO；BV CBO（）BV CEO；BV EBO（）BV CBO
（填“>”、“<”或“=”）
10、当双极型晶体管集电极反偏，发射极开路时，发射极电流（）零，发射结上的偏
压（）零。
（填“>”、“<”或“=”）
11、增加双极型晶体管的基区宽度将（）厄尔利电压，（）基极电阻，
（）基区输运系数。
12、NMOS的衬底相对于源端应该接（）电位。
当|V BS|增加时，其阈值电压将（）。
（第二个空填“增大”、“减小”或“不变”）
13、MOSFET的沟道载流子和位于半导体内的载流子相比，除受到（）散射及电
离杂质散射作用外，还会受到（）散射，因此，通常沟道载流子的迁移率（）体内载流子迁移率。
当栅压|V GS|增强时，沟道内的载流子迁移率将（）。
（第三个空填“>”、“<”或“=”，第四个空填“增加”、“降低”或“不变”）
14、对于N沟道增强型MOSFET，在V DS > 0并且保持固定的条件下，当V GS从零开始逐渐
增大，则MOSFET将依次经过截止区、亚阈区、（）区和（）区，在亚阈区内，I DS与V GS呈（）关系。
15、现代集成电路工艺中，用多晶硅作为MOSFET栅电极是为了采用（）工艺。
多晶硅的掺杂类型不同将改变栅和衬底之间的（），从而影响阈值电压。
N 型MOSFET的多晶硅栅掺P型杂质时，阈值电压将偏（）。
（最后一个空填“大”
或“小”）
16、现代集成电路工艺中，通常通过对MOSFET沟道区进行离子注入来调整阈值电压，当
向沟道注入的杂质为硼（B）时，P沟道MOSFET的阈值电压将（）。
（填“变大”或“变小”）
17、对于短沟道MOSFET，随着沟道宽度的不断缩小，其阈值电压的绝对值可能会随之
（）。
（填“变大”或“变小”）
二、简答与作图题(共52分)
1、分别写出PN结小注入和大注入时的结定律公式。
（6分）
2、请画出一个PN结二极管在反向恢复过程中的电流变化波形，并在图中标出存储时间t s、下降时间t f及反向恢复时间t r，简要说明PN结为什么会产生反向恢复过程。
（8分）
3、画出双极型晶体管的共基极短路电流放大系数α随发射极电流I E大小变化的关系示意图，
并对其进行解释。
（8分）
4、一个理想二极管的直流I-V特性曲线如图所示，即满足方程：I= I0 [exp（qV/KT）-1]。
请问一个实际二极管测试的正反向直流I-V特性与理想情况相比，可能会有哪些不同？
（不考虑二极管的击穿）简要解释其原因。
（8分）
5、BJT和MOSFET相比，哪一种器件的温度稳定性更好？为什么？（6分）
6、采用化合物半导体Si x Ge1-x作为基区的NPN双极型晶体管（a）和（b），除基区Si、Ge
的组分不一样外，其余所有参数都相同。
下图是两个晶体管的基区能带示意图，并假设工艺能实现这两种基区能带分布。
请分析哪只晶体管的基区输运系数较大？为什么？（提示：考虑基区自建电场）（7分）
7、当MOSFET的沟道长度和沟道宽度缩小为原来的1/4，请分析此时电源电压、栅氧化层
厚度、衬底掺杂浓度应如何变化才能满足“恒场等比例缩小法则”的要求？等比例缩小后，该MOSFET的阈值电压、单位面积氧化层电容、增益因子、信号延迟时间、跨导以及亚阈区摆幅将发生怎样的变化？（9分）
三、计算题（共53分）
1、某突变P+N结如图（a）所示，N- 区的长度为20μm，其雪崩击穿的临界击穿电场为E c 为2×105V/cm，雪崩击穿电压V B为150V。
求：（12分）
（1）该P+N结在发生雪崩击穿时的耗尽区宽度。
（2）如图（b）所示，当N- 区内右侧10μm的区域被掺杂浓度非常高的N+区所替代，此时该P+NN+结的雪崩击穿电压变为多少？
（3）如图（c）所示，当N- 区直接缩短为10μm，此时该P+N结的雪崩击穿电压变为多少？
（1）电子和空穴的迁移率
（2）发射区和基区的方块电阻
（3）器件的发射极注入效率
（4）基区自建电场方向是什么？该电场将对从发射区注入基区的电子的扩散运动起到什么样的作用？
（5）求出基区自建电场的表达式
3、一个NPN均匀基区晶体管，基区渡越时间占总信号延迟时间的25％，中性基区宽度为1μm，电子和空穴的扩散系数分别为D n = 25cm2/s和D p =10cm2/s。
（12分）
（1）计算器件的特征频率f T。
（2）当基区宽度变为2μm时，特征频率为多少？
4、工作在饱和区的理想长沟道NMOS器件，其I D1/2 ~V GS关系如图所示。
(13分)
（1）试计算阈值电压V T和增益因子β。
（2）该器件是增强型器件还是耗尽型器件？
（3）如果该器件的漏极电压和栅极电压均为2V，求此时器件的漏极电流I D。