关于虚拟语气的完整用法

关于虚拟语气的完整用法

关于虚拟语气的完整用法

第一类

编辑

虚拟语气在条件句中的用法：

条件句有真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，此时主句不用虚拟语气；而虚拟条件句则表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生，此时用虚拟语气。如：

If I have time，I will go. 假若我有时间，我就去。（陈述语气） If I were you，I would go.

假若我是你，我就去。（虚拟语气）

时态类型主句谓语形式

条件句的谓语

形式

例句

与现在事实相反would/should/could/might+ V

原形

动词过去式d

id

*be 多用wer

e

1. If I were you, I should st

udy English.

2. I would certainly go if I

had time.

与过去事实相反would/should/could/might + h

ave done

动词过去完成

式

had done

1. If you had taken my advi

ce, you would not have fail

ed in the test.

2. If I had left a little earlie

r, I would have caught the t

rain.

与将来事实相反would/should/could/might + V

原形

①动词过去式

②should +V

原

③were + to

do

1.If you came tomorrow, we

would have the meeting.

①

2. If it were to rain tomorro

w, the meeting would be pu

t off.③

*规律总结：从句都往过去推一个时态，如：与现在相反的if从句就用过去时；与过去相反用过去完成时（即过去的过去）

注：特别说明

1、l would/should/could/might主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后；would表示结果还表示过去经常常常做某事，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性。比较：

If you tried again ，you would succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。 (would表结果)

If you tried again，you might succeed. 要是你再试一试，你可能会成功的。 (might表可能)

If you tried again ，you could succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就能成功了。(could表能力)

2、错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整：

If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now. 要是昨晚下过雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。

You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. 假若你当时听我的话，你现在就会好多了。

3、If虚拟条件句的否定（含蓄条件句）常考两个句型：If it weren’t for…和If it hadn’t been for…，其意为“若不是(有)” “要不是”。如：

If it weren’t for water, no plant could grow. 要是没有水植物就无法生长。

If it hadn’t been for your assistance ，we wouldn’t have succeeded.

=But for your assistance ，we wouldn’t have succeeded.

=Without your assistance ，we wouldn’t have succeeded.如果没有你的帮助，我们不会成功的。

4、If虚拟条件句的倒装形式，即把were, had,

should置于句首。例：

Were I in school again (= If I were in

school again), I would work harder.如果我能再上一次学，我会学习得更努力。

Had you asked me, I would have told you.

(=If you had asked me,…)如果你问我，我会告诉你。

第二类

编辑

使用虚拟语气的常见结构或从句：

1.*wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：

hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：

（1）We hope they will come. (We don’t know if they can come.)

（2）We wish they could come. (We know they are not coming.)我们希望他们能来。

2.if only 与I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与wish后所接时态的情况相同：

If only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。

If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。

If only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!

*if only 通常独立使用，没有主句。

3.l would rather后句子用虚拟语气只分现在和过去