自动化专业英语原文和翻译

An automatic controller compares the actual value of the plant output with the desired value,determines the deviation,and produces a control signal which will reduce the deviation to zero or to small value. The manner in which the automatic controller produces the control signal is called the control action.

自动控制器把对象的实际输出与期望值进行比较，确定偏差，并产生一个使误差为零或微小值的控制信号。自动控制器产生控制信号的方式叫做控制作用。

Here we shall present the basic control actions commonly used in industrial automatic controllers. First we shall introduce the principle of operation of automatic controllers and the methods for generating various control signals,such as the use of the derivative and integral of the error signal. Next we shall discuss the effects of particular control modes on the system performance. Then we shall give a brief discussion of methods for reducing the effects of external disturbances on the system performance. Finally,we shall introduce fluid amplifiers,present basic principles of fluidics,and discuss applications of fluidic devices.

这里我们会介绍常用工业自动控制器的基本控制操作。首先我们会介绍自动机械控制器的操作的原则和产生各种控制信号的方法，如利用导数和积分求误差信号。接下来我们会讨论特定的控制方式对系统性能的影响。然后我们会简要地讨论一下减少外部干扰影响系统性能的方法。最后，我们会介绍流体放大器，当前射流技术的基本原理并且讨论射流装置的应用。

Classifications of industrial automatic controllers. Industrial automatic controllers may be classified according to their control action as:

工业自动控制器的分类根据控制作用，工业自动控制器可分为：

(1) two-position or on-off contollers;

(1)双位或继电器控制器；

(2) proportional controllers;

(2)比例控制器；

(3) integral controllers;

(3)积分控制器；

(4) proportional-plus-integral controllers;

(4)比例-积分控制器；

(5) proportional-plus-derivative controllers;

(5)比例-微分控制器；

(6) proportional-plus-derivative-plus-integral controllers.

(6)比例-微分-积分控制器。

Most industrial automatic controllers use electricity or pressurized fluid such as oil or air as power sources. Automatic controllers may also be classified according to the kind of power employed in the operation,such as pneumatic controllers,hydraulic controllers,or electronic controllers. What kind of controller to use must be decided by the nature of the plant and the operating conditions,including such considerations as safety,availability,reliability, accuracy,weight,and size.

大多数工业自动控制器采用电或诸如油或空气一类的压缩流体作为能源。自动控制器还可以根据工作时使用的能源分类，如气动控制器、液压控制器或者电动控制器。控制器的选用取决于对象的性质和工作条件，包括安全性、实用性、可靠性、精度、重量和体积等方面的考虑。

Elements of industrial automatic controllers. An automatic controller must detect the actuating error signal,which is usually at a very low power level. and amplify it to a sufficiently high level. Thus,an amplifier is necessary. The output of an automatic controller is fed to a power device,such as a pneumatic motor or valve,a hydraulic motor,or an electric motor.

工作自动控制器的元件自动控制器必须检测出功率通常很小的误差信号，并将其放大到足够大的强度。因此，放大器是必不可少的。自动控制器的输出被传送到动力设备，如气动发动机或气动阀、液压电动机或电动机。

The cantroller usually consists of an error detector and amplifier. The measuring element is a device that converts the output variable into another suitable variable,such as a displacement,pressure,or electric signal,which can be used for comparing the output to the reference input signal. This element is in the feedback path of the closed-loop system. The set point of the controller must be converted to reference input of the same units as the feedback signal from the measuring element. The amplifies amplifies the power of the actuaing error signal, which in tuen operates the actuator. The actuator is an element which alters the input to the plant according to the control signal so that the feedback signal may be brought into correspondence with the reference input signal.

控制器一般由误差检测器和放大器组成。测量元件是将输出变量转换为其他合适的形式的变量，如移位、压力或电信号等这些都可以做输出量，并与参考输入信号进行比较。该元件一般在闭环系统的反馈回路中。控制器的设定值必须转换为与测量元件的反馈信号单位相同的参考输入信号。放大器将误差信号进行放大，用以控制执行机构。执行机构是根据控制信号的大小改变对象输入的设备，这样就可以使反馈信号与参考输入信号一致。