高中英语阅读理解题型之主旨大意题

高中英语阅读理解题型之主旨大意题阅读理解——主旨大意题的解题方法。

主旨大意题是阅读理解中要求较高，难度较大的题型之一，是很能体现试题区分度的题型。

主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。

一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的大意，标题或写作目的设题。

这类题目考查的范围是：基本论点，文章标题、主题或段落大意等。

它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题Ⅰ. 主旨大意题题型特点和命题形式设题类型：概括中心思想（main idea）型；确定文章标题或主题（topic / title/ headline）型；问文章的写作目的（purpose）.常见的设题方式：The main idea / The general idea / The main theme of this passage is ______.The passage chiefly deals with / focuses on _____.Which of the following best describes / expresses the main idea / point of the passage?What is mainly discussed in the passage /text?What is the topic of the passage?The best title / headline for the passage might be ______.The text /passage could be entitled______.Which / What could be the best title for the passage？The main purpose of the passage is probably to tell ______.The author is primarily concerned with _______.Ⅱ. 主旨大意题的解题技巧做主旨大意题常用略读法。

快速阅读文章找出各个段落的主题句。

各段落的主题句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。

有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意中，就需理顺全文，概括文章的中心。

文章的标题是中心思想最精炼的表达形式，选择的标题意义范围要能涵盖全文，不能太大也不能太小。

找主题句的四个小窍门：①段落中出现表转折的词语（如however, but , in fact , actually, while ,on the contrary , incontrast 等）时，其后的句子很可能是主题句。

②首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是主题句③作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨; 反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。

④表示总结或结论的词或短语有therefore , thus , in short, conclude, in conclusion等。

抓住段落或文章主题的捷径之一就是在段落或文章中寻找主题句。

主题句是指能表达或概况段落主题或文章主要内容的句子，通常是一个简洁、完整、具有概况性的句子，较多出现在说明文和议论文中，而其他句子则围绕着主题句展开进行说明解释或扩展。

主题句在文中的位置:1)开门见山：提出主题----细节支撑阐明主题2)段末点睛：细节描述----归纳要点---概括主题3)段中点旨：细节描述---归纳主题---进一步解释4)无主题句:考生需根据文章中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括和总结文章的大意今天我们就主旨大意题的题型特点、命题方式、解题技巧及找主题句的小窍门做了一个归纳，总结。

希望同学们在做这类题时，特别要留意文章的开头和结尾，要抓住文中具有概括性的信息，捕捉文章中出现频率较高的词汇以及文章和段落的主题句。

在选择文章题目时，应注意语言方面的特点：文章题目的语言要简练，醒目。

例题精讲：Passage 1For most of us, the rain that falls on our roof runs off into the ground or the sewer(下水道) system. But if you want to save a little water and reuse it on your lawns or plants—or even use it for laundry, dishes, or other needs—collecting rainwater from your gutter’s downspouts(檐槽的水落管) is a no-brainer.According to John C. Davis, writing in E / The Environmental Magazine, just about any homeowner can collect rainwater, given that the roof and gutters do most of the work. And since an inch of rain falling on a 2,000-square-foot roof produces some 1,200 gallons of water, you can harvest enough to water you r lawn or garden.Plants and grass actually do better when fed rainwater instead of tap water, which is usually treated with substances that can hold back plant growth. Using rainwater can also extend the life of pipes, since the salts added to tap water may gradually damage the pipes. However, homeowners should set up a water purification system if they do plan to use rainwater for inside needs.Rainwater harvesting can also be good for the local community, as it reduces the erosion, flooding, and pollution associated with heavy rainfall, and reduces dependence on public water supplies. So some states fund rainwater collection systems in their local communities.Many varieties of rain barrel(桶) systems, starting at just $100, are available for home use. A typical setup is simply a rain barrel positioned under a gutter’s downspout. Skillful homeowners can make their own water harvesting systems, but buying one is a lot easier. Most garden centres offer a range of choices as well as tips.1. The underlined word “no-brainer”in Para. 1 probably means something that ______.A. is hard to deal withB. is very easyC. is of no real valueD. deserves more attention2.From Paragraphs 3 and 4, we can learn _______.A. how to set up a water harvesting systemB. how a rain barrel system worksC. some advice on saving tap waterD. the benefits of using rainwater3.What is the topic of the passage ?A. Basic gardening skills.B. Water-saving techniques.C. Wastewater treatment systems.D. Roof rainwater collection.【语篇解读】本文属于说明文，主要介绍了收集并利用雨水的可行性以及收集雨水的方法和好处。

比如，人们可以利用雨水灌溉草坪，植物学；作用雨水可以延长管道寿命；可以有效减少暴雨而造成的洪涝灾害，而且还可以减少人们对公共供水的依赖。

1.【答案解析】B。

从常识可以判断从房檐落水管里收集雨水是非常简单的事情，而且下文just about any homeowner can collect rainwater,也是一个很好的提示，故答案选B。

2.【答案解析】D。

第三四段是讲述利用雨水可以灌溉植物草坪，可以延长管道寿命，对当地社区也有好处，可以减少因暴雨而造成的洪涝，所以文章三四段的中心内容是关于利用雨水的好处，故答案选D。

3.【答案解析】D。

作者在文章第一段提出收集雨水的话题，然后在第二段介绍收集雨水的可行性，在第三四段介绍利用雨水的好处，最后是关于如何去收集雨水的一些建议，由此判断文章中心话题是雨水的收集，所以D选项正确。

Passage 2I’ve loved my mother’s desk since I was just tall enough to see above the top of it as mother sat doing letters. Standing by her chair, looking at the ink bottle, pens, and white paper, I decided that the act of writing must be the more wonderful thing in the world.Years later, during her final ill ness, mother kept different things for my sister and brother. “But the desk,”she’d said again, “it’s for Elizabeth.”I never saw her angry, never saw her cry. I knew she loved me; she showed it in action. But asa young girl, I wanted heart-to-heart talks between mother and daughter.They never happened. And a gulf opened between us. I was “too emotional(易动感情的)”. But she lived “on the surface”.As years passed I had my own family. I loved my mother and thanked her for our happy family.I wrote to her in careful words and asked her to let me know in any way she chose that she did forgive me.I posted the letter and waited for her answer. None came.My hope turned to disappointment, then little interest and, finally, peace—it seemed that nothing happened. I couldn’t be sure that the letter had even got to mother. I only knew that I had written it, and I could stop trying to make her into someone she was not.Now the present of her desk told, as she’d never been able to, that she was pleased that writing was my chosen work. I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers inside —a photo of my father and a one-page letter, folded and refolded many times.Give me an answer, my letter asks, in any way you choose. Mother, you always chose the act that speaks louder than words.4.The passage shows that ______.A. mother cared much about her daughter in wordsB. mother was too serious about everything her daughter had doneC. mother was cold on the surface but kind in her heart to her daughterD. mother wrote to her daughter in careful words5.The underlined word “gulf”in the fourth paragraph means ______.A. different ideas between the mother and the daughterB. deep understanding between the old and the youngC. free talks between mother and daughterD. part of the sea going far in land6.What’s the best title of the passage?A. My letter to MotherB. Mother and ChildrenC. Talks between Mother and MeD. My mother’s Desk【语篇解读】本文是一篇故事类短文。