初中英语非谓语动词用法归纳

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3 不定式的用法
作主语: 不定式作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数。 常用it作形式主语,放在句首,而将真正的 主语放在句子后面。如:
To go diving is interesting. =It is interesting to go diving. 潜水是有趣的。
作表语:主语多是表示意图、劝告之类的名词。 如:
6、(2008甘肃嘉峪关)Fang Fang is old enoughห้องสมุดไป่ตู้____to school. A. goes B. to go C. went D. go
7、(2008甘肃武陵)Sunglasses are used for ____your eyes. A. protected B .protect C. pretecting D. to protect
其后常接动名词的的动词及动词词组有finish, enjoy, practice, understand, mind, keep, consider, miss, avoid(避免),suggest, admit, be worth, have difficulty/problem/trouble/fun, waste time, can’t help/can’t stop, be used to(习惯于)等。
作状语: 目的状语可位于句首或句末。 如:
To get there on time, they took a taxi. 为了按时到那儿,他们乘坐出租车。
程度、结果状语常与副词enough(表示肯定)或 too(表示否定)连用。如:
He is tall enough to reach the apple. 他很高,足以够得着那个苹果。
I often hear Jim sing. 我经常听见吉姆唱歌。
作定语: 作定语的不定式要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后 面。如果不定式是不及物动词或被修饰的是表示地 点或工具的名词,则不定式要加上相应的介词。如:
By that time there will be not enough space to stand in. 到那时可能就没有立足之地。
Being a student, I must study hard. 作为一名学生,我必须努力学习。(原因状语) He ran out of the room, shouting loudly. 他大喊着从房间分阶段跑出来。(伴随状语)
作表语:
The story is interesting. 这个故事很有趣。 The window is broken. 窗户破了。
作宾语补足语,一般用在see, hear, notice, feel, have等动词之后与宾语构成复合宾语。如:
I saw a dog running across the street. 我看见一只狗跑过街道。 I must have the bike repaired. 我必须找人修理自行车。
1 非谓语动词概述
非谓语动词是指在句中起名词、形容词或副词作 用的动词形式,而不是作谓语的动词形式。
Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing 动名词起名词作用) Do you know the man wearing a white shirt? (wearing 分词起形容词作用) He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch 不定式起副词作用)
A. play B. played C. playing
10、(2008甘肃兰州)The headmaster said
they would have __ library___.
A. another; built B. other; built
C. another; build D. other; building
D. take up
4、(2009浙江绍兴). – Is Jack in the library? - Maybe. I saw him ______ out with some books just now. A. going B. go C. to go D. went
5、(2008甘肃兰州)I find ____very important to learn English well because it is an international language now. A .it B. its C. that D. this
现在分词表示事物本身所具有的性质,意为“令 人……的”;过去分词表达由外界引起的内心活 动,意为“感到……的”。如:
the exciting news 令人兴奋的消息 the excited look 激动的表情 常用的还有: interesting/interested, tiring/tired, boring/bored.
作表语:
My mother’s job is raising chicken. 我母亲的工作是养鸡。
作宾语:
I don’t mind listening to that story again. 我不介意再听一遍那个故事。
作定语:
Let’s join the singing group. 让我们加入合唱队吧。 a working method. 工作方法
8、(2008甘肃兰州)Mary was looking
forward to ____to Kate’s birthday party.
A. inviting B. being invited
C. invite
D. be invited
9、(2008甘肃甘南州)We saw his sister
____basketball when we went to the office.
A. cry; to cry B. to cry; cry C. cry; cry
3、(2009宁波) -Look at the sun ! It' s too hot
today.
--Yes. Why not _______ your coat?
A. take off
B. take away
C. take out
英语动词的非谓语形式为三种:动词不定式、动 名词和分词。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化。
中考对非谓语动词的考查主要有以下内容:动词不定式作 主语、宾语、宾语补足语;动名词作主语、宾语;分词作 定语、状语。其中动词不定式的用法是中考的一大热点, 还有it作形式主语或形式宾语来代替动词不定式也是常考句 型。考查非谓语动词多用单项选择、动词填空、句型转换、 完形填空、翻译句子等形式。
动名词由动词原形+ -ing构成,与现在分词同形。 动名词既有动词的性质,有宾语和状语;也有名 词的性质,可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
作主语:
Eating too much is bad for your health. 吃的太多对身体健康有害。
动名词和动词不定式作主语,在许多情况下可以通 用,但动名词作主语表示抽象或多次的行为,不定 式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。
He hopes to visit the Disneyland one day. 他希望有一天能参观迪斯尼乐园。
作宾语补足语:
常用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:want, ask, tell, help等,还有一些动词,其后的不定式不带to, 如: feel, hear, let ,make, have(叫、使、让),see, watch, notice等,help后面动词不定式可以带to,也可以 不带to。 如:
4
分词
分词分为现在分词和过去分词。
1 区别: 现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动。如:
The man standing by the windows is our teacher. 站在门边的人是我们的老师。
The house built last year has become our lab. 去年建的房子已成了我们的实验室。
2
动词不定式
1 动词不定式的形式
肯定形式:to+动词原形。如:to write
否定形式:not to+动词原形。 如:not to write
复合结构:不定式前加for sb. 如:for him to do …
2 不定式的特点
动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能单独 作谓语。另外,动词不定式还可以有自己的宾语, 可以用状语来修饰。 如: to learn English well
me________ too much junk food.
A. don’t eat B. not to eat C. not eat
2、(2009凉山州) Though Alex had often made
his little sister _______, today he was made
______ by his little sister.
Do you often see then play football? 你常看他们踢足球吗?(全过程)
He speaks loudly to make himself heard clearly. 他大声说以便让别人听清他的话。(他的话被听)
1、(2009四川泸州). My father always asks
不定式与分词都可跟在某些动词之后作宾语补足语。 不定式作宾语补足语,表示动作发生的全过程;现 在分词作宾语补足语,强调动作正在发生;过去分 词作宾语补足语,则重在表示被动的概念。
When they went into the park, they saw some boys playing football. 当他们走进公园时,他们看见一些男孩在踢足球。(正在做)
His wish is to be a pilot. 他的愿望是当一名飞行员。
作宾语:常用不定式作宾语的动词有:want, wish, like, hope ,decide, help, begin (start),
agree, learn, choose, seem, fail, prepare, refuse, expect, offer ,happen等。 如:
The question being discussed is important to us. 正在被讨论的问题对我们很重要。
The excited people rushed into the building. 激动的人们冲入了大楼。
作状语:分词或分词短语可以作时间、原因、方式、 结果、伴随等状语。如:
现在分词表示正在进行的动作,过去分词表示完成 的动作。如:
falling leaves 正在飘落的树叶 fallen leaves 落叶(已落下) developing country 发展中国家 developed country 发达国家
2 用法: 作定语:单个分词作定语一般放在所修饰的词前面, 短语作定语常放在所修饰的词后面。如:
其后既可以接动名词,也可接动词不定式的动词 有:love, like, prefer, begin, start, continue, remember, try, stop, forget, hate, need, allow, go on等。
介词后接动名词,如:keep…from, stop…from, make a contribution to, look forward to, spend…(in), be afraid of, be proud of, be used for, feel like, give up, be interested in, put off等。
疑问词+不定式:
此结构常用在下列动词之后:tell ,teach ,know, wonder, learn ,show, find out, ask, understand 等。 如:
He taught me how to plant a tree yesterday. 他昨天教我怎样种树。
3
动名词
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