高考英语独立主格结构精讲精练
独立主格结构精讲精练(定稿)
独立主格结构一、概述独立主格结构又叫独立结构（absolute construction），由名词/主格代词+ 现在分词（或过去分词、不定式、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语）构成。
在语法上是一个独立的短语，不是句子，在意思上依附于整个句子。
具有以下特点：（1）在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况。
（2）可置于句首，也可放在句尾。
（3）主要用于书面语。
（4）它的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同，不指同一人或同一物。
（5）be动词在独立主格结构中一般转化为being。
二、独立主格结构的构成1.名词/主格代词+现在分词（表示主动含义和动作正在进行）名词/主格代词通常为现在分词所表示的动作的执行者，与现在分词构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
①Weather permitting (= If time permits)，we are going to visit you tomorrow.天气许可的话，我们明天去看你。
(表示条件)②Spring coming on (= When spring came on), the trees turned green.春天来了，树木绿油油的。
(表示时间) 注意：（1）如果该结构表示的动作先发生，则用“名词/主格代词+having done”，含义为“……已经……”。
例如：The students having finished their homework (= After the students finished their homework), we went home.学生做完家庭作业后，我们回家了。
（2）如果该结构表示“……正在被……”,则用“名词/主格代词+being done”, being不能省略。
例如：Food being cooked (= When food was being cooked), I fell asleep.当食物正在被烹饪的时候，我睡着了。
英语独立主格结构精讲精练
英语：独立主格结构精讲精练I. 独立主格结构的基本概念由一个名词或代词作为逻辑主语,加上一个分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成,这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系,通常被称为独立主格结构。
II. 独立主格结构的基本构成形式及功能独立主格结构主要起状语作用,相当于一个状语从句,多用来表示行为、方式、伴随等情况,有时也可用来表示时间、原因、条件等情况。
1、名词或代词主格+ 分词①The experiment done, the students went on to take notes in the experiment report. 实验做完了,同学们继续在实验报告上做记录。
②Time permitting, we can have a walk around the playground after supper. 如果时间允许,晚饭后我们可以到操场上散散步。
2、名词或代词主格+ 形容词①Computers very small, we can use them widely. 电脑虽小,我们却能广泛地利用它们。
② The clothes very dirty, you'd better wash them quickly. 衣服很脏,你快点儿洗洗吧!3、名词或代词主格+ 不定式The last guest to arrive, our party was started. 最后一位客人到了,我们的晚会就开始了。
4、名词或代词主格+ 介词短语① Our English teacher came into the classroom, papers in hand. 我们的英语老师走进了教室,手里拿着试卷。
② There is a river in the valley, fresh flowers on the banks. 山谷中有一条河,河两岸长满了鲜花。
5、名词或代词主格+ 副词① The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting-room. 散会了,校长很快就离开了会议室。
独立主格结构讲解及练习含答案
独立主格结构讲解及练习含答案语法重点：独立主格结构。
1. 原文再现。
This silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade.2. 独立主格结构定义。
独立主格结构（Independent Genitive）由两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。
前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系，非谓语动词主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。
独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。
独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。
3. 独立主格结构用法。
A．用作时间状语The work done(=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后，我们就回家了。
B. 用作条件状语Weather permitting(=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
C. 用作原因状语An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night.因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。
D. 用作伴随状语He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上，将两手交叉枕在脑后。
高中英语 独立主格结构精讲(配套练习和答案)
独立主格结构“独立主格结构”（absolute construction）又叫“独立结构”。
由于在语法上有自己的逻辑主语，结构上与主句不发生关系，因此传统语法叫做“独立主格结构”。
独立主格结构可放于句首、句尾，用逗号和主句隔开。
（一）独立主格结构形式独立主格结构可以分为两部分，形式为：基本形式是：名词普通格/代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语。
1．名词/代词+ 现在分词现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。
例：The man lay there, his hands trembling.So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off.注：“独立结构”中的being或having been 有时可以省去，形成一种名词或代词+名词、形容词、副词、介词短语的结构形式。
2．名词/代词+过去分词过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。
例：The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.The job not finished, we couldn’t see the film.Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.3．名词/代词+不定式不定式表示的是将来的动作。
These are the first two books, the third one to come out next month.We shall get together at 7:30, the procession（游行）to start moving at 8 sharp.4. 名词/代词+名词名词一般做前面名词或代词的同位语。
例：Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children.He fought the tiger，a stick his only weapon.5．名词/代词+形容词短语形容词（短语）说明前面名词或代词的性质，状态，原因等。
独立主格结构(精讲精练 翻译练习)
独立主格结构●独立主格结构是一种特殊的结构，可以理解为一个在句中作状语的短语，用于修饰整个句子。
其位置灵活，可位于句前或句末，常由逗号将其与句子分开。
需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
●独立主格结构具有两个特点：独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在；独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。
●独立主格结构类型：● 1.名词/代词+非谓语动词（不定式、现在分词、过去分词）● 2.名词/代词+(being)+表语（名词、形容词、副词、介词短语）1.名词/代词+现在分词（doing）Winter coming,it gets colder and colder.=The winter comes,and it gets colder and colder.Time permitting,I will go with you.The girl looking at him,he didn’t know what to say.There being no bus,we had to walk home.2.名词/代词+过去分词He was listening carefully,his eyes fixed on the blackboard.The work done,he went back home.=After the work was done,he went back home.More time given,we can finish the work.=If more time is given to us,we can finish the work.3.名词/代词+动词不定式（由不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的动作或状态）His friends to come tonight,he is busy preparing the dinner.No one to wake me up,I might be late for the first class.Many trees to be planted,our school will look even more beautiful.4.名词/代词+形容词He came into the room,his face red with cold.She went to party,her clothes beautiful.5.名词/代词+副词The meeting over,our headmaster soon left the meeting room.The lights off,we could not go on with the work.6.名词/代词+名词His first shot failure,he fired again.他第一枪没打中，又开了一枪A lot of people all over the world are fans of the smartphone,many of them Chinese.全世界很多人都是这款智能手机的粉丝，其中许多都是中国人。
高中英语 高考二轮复习语法专项：独立主格精讲及巩固提升练习(有答案)
独立主格精讲及巩固提升练习一、独立主格结构的特点独立主格结构是一个名词或代词（作为逻辑主语），加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。
它有以下三个特点：(1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
(2)名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
(3)独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
二、独立主格结构的形式英语中，独立主格结构的形式是：名词或代词跟形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词连在一起，构成独立主格结构。
1.名词/ 代词+ 不定式。
如：A house to be built, we must save every cent. 由于要建一座房子，我们必须节省每一分钱。
Now here is Li Lei, Wei Fang to come tomorrow. 现在李蕾来了，魏方明天到。
2.名词/ 代词+ -ing分词。
如：The bus coming here soon, we should get everything ready. 汽车很快就要来了，我们应该把一切事情准备好。
Mother being ill, Li Lei was very worried. 母亲病了，李蕾非常焦急。
3.名词/ 代词+ 动词的过去分词。
如：His cup broken, he used his bowl instead. 茶杯破了，他就用碗来代替。
4.名词/ 代词+ 形容词。
如：The ground muddy, we should be careful. 地面泞泥，我们应该小心。
5.名词/ 代词+ 副词。
如：The class over, we all went out to play. 下课后，我们都出去玩。
6.名词/ 代词+ 介词短语。
如(from )：Glasses in his hand, he asked where his glasses were. 手里拿着眼镜，他问他的眼镜哪去了。
独立主格精讲精练
语法直击：独立主格结构口诀：主语不一样，主谓不一致。
1)独立主格结构例：The baby began to cry afresh, his face very pale and his lips colorless.主语不一样：the baby, his face.主谓不一致：his face very pale. 完整句型应该为his face was very pale.例：Class over, all the students went out from the classroom.主语不一样：class, all the student.主谓不一致：class over. 完整句型应该为class is over.1）with复合独立主格结构口诀不变，分句前加上with.例：Last night he was so tired that he fell asleep, with the lamp burning.主语不一样：he, the camp.主谓不一致：the lamp burning. 完整句型应该为the lamp is burning.例：Frank stared at his friend, with his mouth open.主语不一样：Frank, his mouth主谓不一致：his mouth open.整句应该为his mouth was open.语法体现：The silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade.主语不一致：a large car, its headlight/its horn主谓不一致：its headlights on. 完整句应该为its headlights was on.应试难点：1)独立主格的作用2)独立主格的种类难点解析：1）独立主格的作用独立主格的使用范围非常的广泛，在需要表达时间，原因，条件，伴随等状语时，都可以使用独立主格结构。
独立主格精讲精练
独立主格精讲精练Absolute Structure独立结构，又称独立主格结构，是由名词/代词+现在分词/ 过去分词/不定式/ 形容词/ 副词/ 介词短语构成。
这种结构在句子中通常作状语，表示原因，时间，条件，方式或伴随动作等。
独立主格中的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，要独立存在。
名词或代词为逻辑主语。
1). n./pron. +V.ing (主动关系)Weather permitting, we will go swimming.The old black woman used to tell stories under the tall tree, her grandchildren seated and ________ carefully. (listen )2). n. / pron.+ pp. (被动关系)Everyone went, me included.He lay on his back, his hands _crossed_____ under his head.The job _finished_____, they are packing up to leave.3). n./pron. + to do/ to be done （将来的动作或状态)Lots of homework to do, the little boy had to stay home all day.I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _________ in a year. ( follow )4). n./ pron. + adj. (表伴随状态）His stomach empty, he looked for something to eat when he came back.It was snowing heavily outside. Jason hurried into the room, __his nose red with cold_____________________ .他的鼻子冻得发红。
独立主格结构精讲精练
独立主格结构精讲精练一、概述独立主格结构又叫独立结构（absolute construction），由名词/主格代词+ 现在分词（或过去分词、不定式、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语）构成。
在语法上是一个独立的短语，不是句子，在意思上依附于整个句子。
具有以下特点：（1）在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况。
（2）可置于句首，也可放在句尾。
（3）主要用于书面语。
（4）它的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同，不指同一人或同一物。
（5）be动词在独立主格结构中一般转化为being。
二、独立主格结构的构成1.名词或主格代词+名词在这种结构中，独立主格结构中的名词与前面的名词或代词之间在逻辑上有主系表关系，在句子中主要作伴随、原因等状语或作进一步说明。
此结构也可写成：名词或代词＋ being ＋名词，其中being是非谓语（系）动词，往往省略，但being的逻辑主语是人称代词时，being不能省略。
名词的逻辑主语为人称代词时，应用主格形式。
①He fought against the thief, a stick (being) his only weapon (= and a stick was his only weapon). 他和这个贼打斗，一根棍子是他唯一的武器。
②He has translated the whole book into English, an English-Chinese dictionary (being) his tool.(=and an English-Chinese dictionary was his tool.)用一本英汉字典作工具，他把整本书翻译成了英语。
③It being Sunday (=As it was Sunday), I didn’t go to school.（句中的being不能省略）因为是星期天，我没有上课。
2.名词/主格代词+现在分词（表示主动含义和动作正在进行）名词/主格代词通常为现在分词所表示的动作的执行者，与现在分词构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
高三英语独立主格结构用法精讲精练
独立主格结构的用法详解独立主格复合结构，又叫独立结构（absolute construction）。
它在句法上游离于句子主体之外，跟主句没有任何句法联系；但在意义上却与主句紧密联系在一起，共同构成一个完整的语义环境。
独立主格结构没有主语和谓语，只有逻辑上的主语，因此，它在句法上不是句子，而是一个独立于句子成分之外的独特结构形式。
它由两部分构成，第一部分由名词或代词担任，第二部分由动词非谓语形式（即动词不定式、动名词或分词）、形容词、副词、名词或介词短语担任。
两部分在逻辑上是主谓关系。
一、独立主格复合结构的类型1．名词（或主格代词）+ 现在分词Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, the other being labor.时间是美国人注意节约的两个要素之一，另一个则是劳力。
Winter coming，it gets colder and colder．冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。
2. 名词（或主格代词）+ 过去分词The duty completed, he had three months' leave. 任务完成之后，他休了三个月的假。
More time given，we should have done it much better．如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。
Everything considered, it is possible for their factory to raise the output quickly.考虑到各方面的情况，他们厂迅速提高产量是可能的。
All his ribs broken, he lay half dead. 他的肋骨全被打断，半死不活地躺着。
3．名词（或主格代词）+ 动词不定式，用来表示将来意义。
Here are the first three volumes, the fourth one to come out next month. 这是头三卷，第四卷下月出版。
高考英语独立主格学生讲义及练习
独立主格结构的概念独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。
独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。
需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
独立主格结构的句法功能独立主格结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等，还可以作定语。
独立主格结构基本构成形式大家知道，英语中的独立主格可以由“名词或代词+形容词、副词、分词、不定式等”构成，其中的“名词或代词”用主格形式，起逻辑主语的作用，其后的“形容词、副词、分词、不定式等起逻辑谓语的作用。
注意，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
名词(代词)+现在分词（过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语）1.名词(代词)+现在分词The children playing in the room, I couldn’t get down studying. 孩子们在屋里玩，我没法学习。
Mother being ill, I had to stay at home looking after her. 母亲病了，我只好呆在家里照顾她。
2.名词(代词)+过去分词Everyone helped, John not excepted. 大家都来帮忙，约翰也不例外。
Everything considered, his plan seems better. 从各方面考虑，他的计划似乎好一些。
3.名词(代词)+不定式在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。
The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book.Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.4.名词(代词)+形容词He entered the room, his face pale. 他走进屋来脸色苍白。
高考难点英语句型：独立主格精致讲义+练习
一、有关独立主格结构的基本概念独立主格结构是一个名词或代词（作为逻辑主语），加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。
它有以下三个特点：1.独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2.名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
3.独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
二、独立主格结构的常见形式1. 名词（代词）+现在分词The question being settled, we went home. 问题解决之后，我们就回家了。
We shall play the match tomorrow, weather permitting. 明天假设天气好，我们就进行比赛。
The monitor being ill, we’d better put the meeting off. 班长病了，我们最好还是延期开会吧。
2. 名词（代词）+过去分词The job finished, we went home. 工作结束后我们就回家了。
The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. 最后一班公车已经走了，我们必须走路回家。
More time given, we should have done the job much better. 如果给我们更多的时间，我们会把工作做得更好。
3. 名词（代词）+不定式Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week. 如果明天没有人来，我们将把会议推迟到下周。
So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed. 有如此多的人来帮助他，他一定会成功的。
4. 名词（代词）+介词短语The soldiers dashed in, rifle in hand. 士兵们端着枪冲了进来。
高三英语独立主格结构社知识精讲 试题(共28页)
高三英语(yīnɡ yǔ)HY主格构造外研社【本讲教育信息】一、教学内容：HY主格构造二、根底知识：〔一〕概念：“HY主格构造〞是由名词或者代词作为逻辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或者介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。
这种构造在形式上与主句没有关系，通常称为“HY主格构造〞。
〔二〕功能：“HY主格构造〞本质就是带有自己主语的非限定性状语从句。
众所周知非限定性从句通常以主句的某一成分作为自己的逻辑主语，从而依附于主句。
而有些非限定性从句和无动词从句带有自己的主语，在构造上与主句不发生关系，因此成为HY主格构造。
其实，虽然叫做HY主格构造，并不是真正的HY，它还是一种附属分句，在句中有多种作用。
如：表原因、表条件、表方式、表伴随、表时间是等，在句中通常起状语作用。
〔三〕形式：HY主格构造在形式上由两局部组成：第一局部由名词或者代词担任，第二局部由分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词或者介词短语担任。
按其构造形式分为：—ing 分词HY主格构造；—ed分词HY主格构造；无动词HY主格构造等。
HY主格构造本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间是、原因、条件、伴随等。
常见的HY主格构造有如下几种HY主格构造(gòuzào)的构成：名词(代词)+如今分词、过去分词；名词(代词)+形容词；名词(代词)+副词；名词(代词)+不定式；名词(代词) +介词短语构成。
〔名词〔代词〕+如今分词〕1、名词/主格代词+如今分词。
名词/主格代词与如今分词之间的主谓关系。
如：The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), hedidn’t know what to say.姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。
Time permitting (= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow.假如时间是允许的话，我们明天去郊游。
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高考英语独立主格结构讲练与链接独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词、或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。
该结构不是句子，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化，它与其主句之间不能通过并列连词连接也不能有从句引导词引导，常用逗号与其主句隔开。
独立主格内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。
一、独立主格结构的构成形式1、逻辑主语+V-ing1. __________no bus, we had to walk home.A. There beingB. BeingC. Having beenD. There was2. _______no bus, we had to walk home.A. As there beingB. As there wasC. BeingD. There was3. _______Sunday, the library doesn't open.A. BeingB. There beingC. It beingD. Having been4. ______Sunday, the library doesn't open.A. As it beingB. BeingC. It isD. As it is2、逻辑主语+V-ed1. _________, the train starte.A. The signal givenB. Giving the signalC. The signal being givenD. The signal giving2. __________, the train started.A. After having given the signalB. After the signal givenC. Giving the signalD. After the signal was given3. _________, the text became easier for us to learn.A. Explaining new wordsB. New words explainedC. Being explained new wordsD. Having explained new words4. ______________, the text became easier for us to learn.A. When new words were explainedB. Explaining new wordsC. New words explainingD. Being explained new words3、逻辑主语+形容词（副词）该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主—系—表”结构。
如：(1). He entered the room, his nose red with cold.(2). He sat in the front row, his mouth half open.(3). Dinner over, we decided to play bridge.(4). Father away, he played games with his friends.1. ___________, the patient can leave the hospital.A. Better conditionsB. Conditions betterC. Conditions are betterD. Being better conditions2. _________, the patient can leave the hospital.A. If better conditionsB. If conditions betterC. If conditions are betterD. Being better conditions3. ________, we’d like to go outing.A. Being SundayB. Sunday OKC. Sunday is OKD. If Sunday OK4. ___________, we’d like to go outing.A. If Sunday is OKB. Sunday being OKC. Sunday OKD. A,B and C5. _________, you can wait a while.A. The play being still onB. The play still on C Being still on the play D. A and B6. _________, so you can wait a whileA. The play is still onB. The play being still onC. As the play is still onD. The play still on4、逻辑主语+介词短语该结构相当于不带动词的“主—系—介词短语”结构。
如：(1). Book in hand, Mr Smith came in.(2). Gun on shoulder, the soldiers are marching on.1. The boy followed the nobleman here, ___________.A. a sword in handB. a sword in his handC. being a sword in handD. sword in hand2. The boy followed the nobleman here ___________.A. with a sword in his handB. with a sword in handC. with a sword being in handD. a sword being in hand3. He left the office, __________.A. tears being in eyesB. tears in eyesC. being tears in eyesD. with tears being in eyes4. He left the office __________.A. with tears being in eyesB. with tears in his eyesC. being tears in eyesD. tears being in eyes5、逻辑主语+名词(1). The doctor has two daughters, one a nurse, the other an engineer.二、独立主格结构在整句中可作以下成分：1、原因状语该结构在句中作原因状语时相当于一个原因状语从句。
如：1). ________ no bus, we had to walk home.A. There beingB. As there wasC. There wasD. A and B2). _________Sunday, the library doesn't open.A. It beingB. As it isC. BeingD. A and B3). ____________, I had to ask for two days’ leave.A. Mother being illB. Mother illC. As mother was illD. A,B and C4). ____________, we have to work late into the night.A. The exam nearB. The exam being nearC. As the exam is nearD. A,B and C2、时间状语独立主格结构作时间状语时相当于一个由when, as soon as, after等引导的时间状语从句。
如：1). __________, the train started.A. The signal givenB. After the signal was givenC. Given the signalD. A and B2). __________, the text became easier for us to learn.A. New words explainedB. When new words were explainedC. When teacher explained new wordsD. all above3、条件状语独立主格结构作条件状语时可以改为由if引导的条件状语从句。
如：1). ___________, we'll go to visit the Great Wall.A. Weather permittingB. If weather permitsC. If permittingD. A and B2). _________, the patient will recover himself soon.A. If the treatment is in timeB. The treatment in timeC. The treatment being in timeD. A,B and C4、伴随状语独立主格结构作伴随状语时相当于一个介词短语或并列谓语。
如：1). We have lessons every day, ___________.A. Sunday includedB. Sunday includingC. Sunday is includingD. all the above2). The boy fell asleep,___________.A. cap on headB. with a cap on headC. a cap was on headD. all the above3). Father came home,_________A. a dog following himB. a dog followed himC. being followed by a dogD. all the aboveWith复合结构1、原因状语1. With the man ______ us ahead, we had no trouble finding the village.A. to guideB. guidingC. guidedD. to have guide2. With a lot of work_____, she doesn’t have time to rest.A. to doB. to be doneC. doingD. done3. With the machine _____all the time, we finished harvesting crops in time.A. to workB. workedC. workingD. being working2、时间状语1. The street looks more beautiful with all the lights _____.A. are onB. onC. to be onD. been on2. With our problem ________, we all felt happy.A. to settleB. to be settledC. settledD. being settled3. With his work______, the secretary began to walk home.A. to doB. doingC. doneD. to be done3、伴随状语1. She left the offices with tears ________.A. in her eyesB. in eyesC. being in eyesD. to be in eyes2. The man found the door with both his eyes ______.A. to be closedB. being closedC. closedD. closing3. We felt uncomfortable with two waitresses_______.A. standing byB. to be standing byC. stood byD. being standing by4. The murderer was brought in, with his hands________.A. to be tied behindB. tied behindC. tying behindD. being tied behind5. You can’t see well ________.A. with the glasses onB. being on the glassesC. with the glasses to be onD. with the glasses4、后置定语1. Do you know the man ______ a book in his hand?A. withB. havingC. beingD. A and B2. Please offer your seat to the woman _____ a baby in her arms.A. carryingB. havingC. withD. all the above分词、独立主格和“with + 复合宾语”作状语的区别分词结构、独立主格结构、with + 复合宾语结构在句中均可作状语，其区别是这样的：一、分词在句中作状语时句子的主语是分词的逻辑主语，即主句主语是分词的动作执行者（用现在分词）或动作承受者（用过去分词或现在分词被动式）。