北京科技大学研究生英语5题
北京科技大学考研英语题目(含复试)
一As is vividly depicted by the drawing above, a boy is sleeping soundly① and comfortably in the sofa, with the television on, when his mother comes and turnsoff the television for him, blaming the boy for not having turned off the television again②。
This phenomenon can easily be found anywhere in our daily life. Many people are used to doing③ everything with the television on, not actually watching it at all. Such a habit can cause waste of much electricity and energy, and result in the emission of carbo n. This deviates from the popular concept of “low carbon life” — to reduce the emission of carbon, especially carbon dioxide, to protect our environment and realize sustainable development. According to statistics, if we can decrease the time for having the television on by one hour each day, we can deduce the amount of carbon emission by 4. 71 kilogram each month。
北京科技大学研究生英语三级答案
北京科技大学研究生英语三级答案1、7．—I've got some ________.—Great! I'd like to write with it. [单选题] *A．funB．chalk(正确答案)C．waterD．time2、Amy and her best friend often ______ books together.（）[单选题] *A. read(正确答案)B. readsC. is readingD. to read3、—______ is the concert ticket?—It’s only 160 yuan.（）[单选题] *A. How manyB How much(正确答案)C. How oftenD. How long4、Mr. Brown ______ the football match next week.（）[单选题] *A. is seeingB. seesC. sawD. is going to see(正确答案)5、75．Why not________ for a walk? [单选题] *A．go out(正确答案)B．to go outC．going outD．goes out6、It is my _______ to meet you here. [单选题] *A. pleasure(正确答案)B. pleaseC. pleasedD. pleasant7、_____, Martin can reach the branch of that tall tree at the gate. [单选题] *A. As a short manB. Being shortC. As he is shortD. Short as he is(正确答案)8、It’s windy outside. _______ your jacket, Bob. [单选题] *A. Try onB. Put on(正确答案)C. Take offD. Wear9、You have coughed for several days, Bill. Stop smoking, _______ you’ll get better soon. [单选题] *A. butB. afterC. orD. and(正确答案)10、—______ is it from your home to the bookstore?—About 15 kilometers.（）[单选题] *A. How far(正确答案)B. How muchC. How longD. How many11、His mother’s _______ was a great blow to him. [单选题] *A. diedB. deadC. death(正确答案)D. die12、My English teacher has given us some _______ on how to study English well. [单选题] *A. storiesB. suggestions(正确答案)C. messagesD. practice13、Sitting at the back of the room（）a very shy girl with two bright eyes. [单选题] *A. is(正确答案)B. areC. hasD. there was14、The organization came into being in 1 [单选题] *A. 开始策划B. 进行改组C. 解散D. 成立于(正确答案)15、74．In England people drive________. [单选题] *A．on the left(正确答案)B．in the leftC．on leftD．in left16、Don’t _______ to close the door when you leave the classroom. [单选题] *A. missB. loseC. forget(正确答案)D. remember17、How I wish I（）to repair the watch! I only made it worse. [单选题] *A. had triedB. hadn't tried(正确答案)C. have triedD.didn't try18、—Does your grandpa live ______ in the country?—Yes. So I often go to visit him so that he won’t feel ______. （）[单选题] *A. alone; aloneB. lonely; lonelyC. lonely; aloneD. alone; lonely(正确答案)19、What’s the point of going to school when I can’t do anything there? [单选题] *A. 时间B. 意义(正确答案)C. 方向D. 目标20、Whatever difficulties you have, you should not _______ your hope. [单选题] *A. give inB. give outC. give up(正确答案)D. give back21、I always make my daughter ______ her own room.（）[单选题] *A. to cleanB. cleaningC. cleansD. clean(正确答案)22、I have worked all day. I'm so tired that I need _____ . [单选题] *A. a night restB. rest of nightC. a night's rest(正确答案)D. a rest of night23、33．Body language is even___________ and ___________ than any other language. [单选题] *A．stronger, loudB．strong, louderC．strong, loudD．stronger, louder (正确答案)24、Tomorrow is Ann’s birthday. Her mother is going to make a _______ meal for her. [单选题] *A. commonB. quickC. special(正确答案)D. simple25、--Can I _______ your dictionary?--Sorry, I’m using it. [单选题] *A. borrow(正确答案)B. lendC. keepD. return26、What about _______ there by bike? [单选题] *A. goesB. wentC. goD. going(正确答案)27、92．China is a big country ________ a long history. [单选题] * A．hasB．haveC．with(正确答案)D．there is28、The teacher asked him to practice playing the piano _______. [单选题] *A. often as possibleB. as often possibleC. as possible oftenD. as often as possible(正确答案)29、The market economy is quickly changing people’s idea on_____is accepted. [单选题] *A.what(正确答案)B.whichC.howD.that30、We need some green paint badly, but there' s _____ at hand. [单选题] *A. notB. nothingC. little(正确答案)D. none。
北京科技大学研究生英语考试真题
2004/6 Listening Comprehension1. A. No women were allowed to take part in it.B.Women were only allowed to watch the Games.C.Unmarried girls were allowed to compete with men.D.Unmarried women were allowed to watch itsomewhere.2. A. She needs to buy new clothes.B.She cares a lot about what to wear.C.The man doesn't work hard enough.D.The man should buy some new ties.3. A. Takes a hot bath. B. Takes a long walk.C. Has a few drinks.D. Has more coffee.4. A. They have a very close relationship.B.They don't spend much time together.C.They are getting along with each other better.D. They are generally pretty cold to each other.5. A. His sixth sense told him.B.He is unskillful with his present job.C.His present job pays too little.D.His present job is too demanding.6. A. The accident caused injury or loss of life.B.Seven people were killed in the accident.C.Many people from other cars came to help.D. A lot of vehicles were involved in the accident.7. A. 2754201. B. 2645310.C. 2745301.D. 2654310.8. A. She had no chance to speak.B.She was speechless.C.She talked a lot to the star.D.She saw too many people around the star.9. A. Because it tells the truth most of the time.B.Because it provides a lot of information.C.B ecause it is the top one on the list of newspapers.D. Because it is an inside newspaper.10. A. Because other scientists had raised questionsabout these claims.B.Because some of its scientists had made falseclaims before.C.Because the claims were very important to thestudy of physics.D.Because some of its scientists published too manypapers a year.11. A. He made up false data in the experiment tosupport his new findings.B.He used information from previous work tosupport his new findings.C.He denied other scientists' involvement in hisexperiments.D.He was not productive in writing scientific papers.12. A. They dismissed all Mister Schon's publications.B.They asked Mister Schon to apologize to thepublic.C.They recalled Mister Schon's title as a Nobel Prizewinner.D.They removed Mister Schon from his position.13. A. The winner should write a report to the committeeof the foundation.B.The winner should report to the committee beforethey spend the money.C.The winner should not be a government official.D.The winner should be nominated by thefoundation's directors.14. A. For her achievements in environmental protection.B.For her achievements in developing computersoftware.C.For her achievements in developing warships.D.For her achievements in developing robots.15. A. He was recognized as a genius by the foundation'sdirectors.B.He helped the developing countries to fightagainst earthquakes.C.He helped the third world countries to developquickly.D.He ran a non-profit international organization.16.What did the several hundred college studentscompete to build recently in Washington D.C.? 17.Which department in the United States organized thecompetition?18.How many teams took part in the competition?19.How much did each team spend on equipment andother materials?20.What is the purpose of the competition?Transcript (Jun 20, 2004)1.A: I heard no women were allowed to take part in theOlympic Games in ancient Greece. Is that true? B: But somewhere unmarried girls were allowed to watch or even compete in the Games in those days.They could compete in a separate festival.Q: From this conversation what do we learn about Olympic Games in ancient Greece?1. A. No women were allowed to take part in it.B.Women were only allowed to watch the Games.C.Unmarried girls were allowed to compete with men.D.Unmarried women were allowed to watch itsomewhere.2.A: Now you are in the new company, you may needto buy some new clothes.B: As long as I work hard, nobody cares what I wear.But you may rethink your ties.Q: What does the woman mean?2. A. She needs to buy new clothes.B.She cares a lot about what to wear.C.The man doesn't work hard enough.D.The man should buy some new ties.3.A: What do you usually do when you feel tired?B: I usually listen to some classical music, or take a long hot bath. What about you?A: I usually relax with a few drinks or drink more coffee to keep myself going.Q: What does the woman usually do when she feels tired?3. A. Takes a hot bath. B. Takes a long walk.C. Has a few drinks.D. Has more coffee.4.A: How do you get along with your partner?B: Generally our relationship is pretty good but we both are aware of the importance of spending timealone.Q: What is the relationship between the man and his partner like?4. A. They have a very close relationship.B.They don't spend much time together.C.They are getting along with each other better.D.They are generally pretty cold to each other.5.A: It seems to me that you will switch to another job. B: How do you know?A: My sixth sense told me.B: You are actually right. I'm fed up with working anunskilled job for a minimum wage.Q: Why did the man want to change his job?5. A. His sixth sense told him.B.He is unskillful with his present job.C.His present job pays too little.D.His present job is too demanding.6.A: Did you watch the report about the accident indowntown?B: No. Where was it?A: It was on seventh street. It was a huge wreck and I saw a lot of ambulances at the scene.Q: What do we learn about the accident?6. A. The accident caused injury or loss of life.B.Seven people were killed in the accident.C.Many people from other cars came to help.D. A lot of vehicles were involved in the accident.7.A: Hello. My name is Nathaniel Mumford. I'm astudent of Professor Cohen's. May I speak to himplease?B: Oh, Professor Cohen is at a conference at the moment, but if you leave your phone number hemay call you back when he returns.A: My phone number is 2745301. Thank you for you help.Q: What is the phone number of the student?7. A. 2754201. B. 2645310.C. 2745301.D. 2654310.8.A: Did you speak to the famous star?B: I wanted to, but I was unable to speak when I wasface to face with him.A: Well, many people do that. Before they meet their favorite star they seem to have a lot to say. But when they actually meet them, they can't say anything. Q: What happened to the woman when she met the famous star?8. A. She had no chance to speak.B.She was speechless.C.She talked a lot to the star.D.She saw too many people around the star.9.A: Why are you so keen on this newspaper?B: It's really informative and it is the top one among those offering inside stories.Q: Why does the man like the newspaper?9. A. Because it tells the truth most of the time.B.Because it provides a lot of information.C.B ecause it is the top one on the list of newspapers.D.Because it is an inside newspaper.Mini-Talk OneInvestigators from Bell Labs Murray Hill, New Jersey have found that claims made by some scientists at the laboratory were not based on fact. The investigators dismissed results from a number of studies published between 1998 and 2001. Bell Labs appointed a committee to investigate the wrongdoing after other scientists raised questions about the claims. Some of the claims were once said to be major developments in the study of physics. They included a claim that scientists had created the smallest device to carry electric current ever made.The committee identified at least sixteen examples of scientific wrongdoing. It placed the blame on one Bell Labs physicist, Jan Hendrik Schon. Mr. Schon told the committee that he had no written records of the laboratory experiments. He also said much of the information in his computer had been destroyed.The investigators found that Mr. Schon used information from earlier work to support his findings. They said his did this without the knowledge of the other scientists involved in the experiments. The investigators noted that Mr. Schon and his group produced an average of one scientific paper every eight days. For most scientists, a few papers a year is considered productive.After the committee's report was released, Bell Labs immediately dismissed Jan Hendrik Schon from his position. He was once thought to be a future Nobel Prize winner. After his dismissal, Mr. Schon admitted he had made mistakes in his scientific work. He said he regretted those mistakes.10.Why did Bell Labs appoint a committee to investigatesome of the claims made by its scientists?10. A. Because other scientists had raised questionsabout these claims.B.Because some of its scientists had made falseclaims before.C.Because the claims were very important to thestudy of physics.D.Because some of its scientists published too manypapers a year.11.What did the committee find out when theyinvestigated Mr. Schon?11. A. He made up false data in the experiment tosupport his new findings.B.He used information from previous work tosupport his new findings.C.He denied other scientists' involvement in hisexperiments.D. He was not productive in writing scientific papers.12.What did Bell Labs do after the committee's reportwas released?12. A. They dismissed all Mister Schon's publications.B. They asked Mister Schon to apologize to the public.C. They recalled Mister Schon's title as a Nobel Prizewinner.D.They removed Mister Schon from his position.Mini-Talk TwoThe MacArthur Fellowship is a program that honors individual men and women for their creativity. American businessman John MacArthur used his own money to establish the MacArthur Foundation in 1970. It began to operate after he died eight years later.To be considered for the award, a person must be nominated. And they should not hold an elective or an appointed office in government.Each year, several hundred people are appointed to propose nominations. A twelve-member committee studies information about those nominated to identify the great creativity in their work and proposes winners to the foundation's directors. The foundation does not require or expect reports from individual winners. It also does not ask them how the money will be used.Six hundred and thirty-five MacArthur Fellows have been named since the program started in 1981. Between 20 and 30 winners are named each year.The twenty-four winners this year work in many different areas. They include scientists, writers, and musicians. Daniela Ruth is a professor in Dartmouth College in New Hampshire. She is a computer scientist who develops robots that change shape to deal with changes in their environment.Brian Tucker from California is another winner. Mr. Tucker is an earthquake expert. He is the president of a non-profit group called GeoHazards International. His group works for local officials in developing countries to make their areas safer against earthquakes. Mr. Tucker says that being recognized as a MacArthur Fellow will make a huge difference for his company.13.Which of the following is one of the requirements fora MacArthur Fellowship winner?13. A. The winner should write a report to the committeeof the foundation.B. The winner should report to the committee beforethey spend the money.C. The winner should not be a government official.D.The winner should be nominated by thefoundation's directors.14.Why was Daniela Ruth awarded this year'sMacArthur Fellowship?14. A. For her achievements in environmental protection.B. For her achievements in developing computersoftware.C. For her achievements in developing warships.D.For her achievements in developing robots.15.Why was Brian Tucker given this year's MacArthurFellowship?15. A. He was recognized as a genius by the foundation'sdirectors.B. He helped the developing countries to fight againstearthquakes.C. He helped the third world countries to developquickly.D.He ran a non-profit international organization.Section CExperts say in the near future, many houses in the United States will be powered by energy from the sun. Many people in Washington D.C., recently were able to see what some of those homes might look like. Several hundred college students from across the country took part in a competition to see who could build the best solar-powered house. The United States Department of Energy organized the competition.Students from fourteen colleges and universities took part in this Solar Home Competition. Student teams competed in a series of ten contests to see who could design, build and operate the best house powered only by the sun. The solar homes were built on the National Mall, the grassy open area between the United States Capitol building and the Washington Monument. The solar houses were set up in the middle.Each team included at least twenty students of design, architecture and building sciences. The students gained the money to buy equipment and materials for their house.Each house cost as much as $250,000 to build.A solar-powered house has a roof designed to take in the heat of the sun and change it to energy. That power is then stored in a battery bank which supplies power to the whole house.As part of the competition, the teams were expected to spend most of the day in their homes doing normal activities. The activities used electricity powered by the sun. For example, the students cooked food, used computers, operated lights and washed clothes in machines. They even drove around the solar village in electric cars powered by a solar battery. The competition is designed to show Americans that solar energy works, because the use of solar energy in the United States is less than in other parts of the world. Only about 20,000 American homes are solar-powered.。
北京科技大学研究生英语三级慕课答案
北京科技大学研究生英语三级慕课答案1、When Max rushed to the classroom, his classmates _____ exercises attentively. [单选题] *A. didB. have doneC. were doing(正确答案)D. do2、These oranges look nice, but _______ very sour. [单选题] *A. feelB. taste(正确答案)C. soundD. look3、—______some nice crayons. I think they are ______.（）[单选题] *A. Here is; Betty’sB. Here are; BettyC. Here is; BettyD. Here are; Betty’s(正确答案)4、The firm attributed the accident to（）fog, and no casualties have been reported until now. [单选题] *A. minimumB. scarceC. dense(正确答案)D. seldom5、It was _____the policeman came_____the parents knew what had happened to their son. [单选题] *A.before…asB. until…whenC. not until…that(正确答案)D.until…that6、Experts are making an investigation on the spot. They want to find a way to（）the tower. [单选题] *A. Restore(正确答案)B. resumeC. recoverD. reunite7、One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but at least can help cover my living（）. [单选题] *A. billsB. expenses(正确答案)C. pricesD. charges8、—______?—He can do kung fu.（）[单选题] *A. What does Eric likeB. Can Eric do kung fuC. What can Eric do(正确答案)D. Does Eric like kung fu9、Will you please say it again? I _______ you. [单选题] *A. didn’t hear(正确答案)B. don’t heardC. didn’t heardD. don’t hear10、3．—Will you buy the black car?No, I won't. I will buya(n) ________ one because I don't have enough money. [单选题] *A．cheap(正确答案)B．expensiveC．highD．low11、I’d like to know the _______ of the club. [单选题] *A. schedule(正确答案)B. schoolC. menuD. subject12、The black coal there shows a sharp（）white snow. [单选题] *A. contract withB. content withC. contact toD. contrast to(正确答案)13、Yesterday I _______ a book.It was very interesting. [单选题] *A. lookedB. read(正确答案)C. watchedD. saw14、If you do the same thing for a long time, you'll be tired of it. [单选题] *A. 试图B. 努力C. 厌倦(正确答案)D. 熟练15、20．Jerry is hard-working. It’s not ______ that he can pass the exam easily. [单选题] * A．surpriseB．surprising (正确答案)C．surprisedD．surprises16、4．—Alice’s never late for school.—________. [单选题] *A．So am I.B．So was I.C．Neither am I. (正确答案)D．Neither have I.17、In order to find the missing child, villagers _______ all they can over the past five hours. [单选题] *A. didB. doC. had doneD. have been doing(正确答案)18、I don’t know how to improve my English. Can I ask you for some _______? [单选题] *A. answersB. advice(正确答案)C. questionsD. words19、In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you___ take care of your luggage. [单选题] *A. canB. mayC. must(正确答案)D. will20、4．—Let's fly a kite when you are ________ at the weekend.—Good idea. [单选题] *A．warmB．kindC．smallD．free(正确答案)21、( ) ____ eye exercises ___ good __ your eyes. [单选题] *A. Doing, is, for(正确答案)B. Doing, are, forC. Do, is, forD. Do, are, at22、He _______ getting up early. [单选题] *A. used toB. is used to(正确答案)C. is usedD. is used for23、It’s one of _______ means of transportation. [单选题] *A. cheapB. convenientC. second-handD. the most convenient(正确答案)24、I don't know the man _____ you are talking about. [单选题] *A. who'sB. whose(正确答案)C. whomD. which25、—Do you like to watch Hero?—Yes. I enjoy ______ action movies. （）[单选题] *A. watchB. watching(正确答案)C. to watchD. watches26、Finally,I have _____ interesting to share with you,and I am sure you will be interested in it. [单选题] *A. everythingB. something(正确答案)C. nothingD. anything27、Modern plastics can（）very high and very low temperatures. [单选题] *A. stand(正确答案)B. sustainC. carryD. support28、17．Joe is a good student and he is busy ______ his studies every day. [单选题] * A．inB．with(正确答案)C．byD．for29、( ) What _____ fine weather we have these days! [单选题] *A. aB. theC. /(正确答案)D. an30、John will go home as soon as he _______ his work. [单选题] *A. finishB. will finishC. finishedD. finishes(正确答案)。
【北京科技大学2012年考研专业课真题】基础英语2012
北京科技大学2012年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题============================================================================================================= 试题编号： 618 试题名称：基础英语（共 10 页）适用专业：外国语言文学（包括外国语言学及应用语言学和英语语言文学）说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效;请用蓝色或黑色钢笔或签字笔答题。
=============================================================================================================Part Ⅰ Vocabulary (30 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Section ADirections:There are fifteen incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.1. No one appreciated his work during his lifetime, but it is clear that he was a great artist.A. in the aftermathB. by the timeC. in retrospectD. in this eventuality2. He was facing charges on forgery in a court of law but he hired a good attorney to .A. get offB. get throughC. get byD. get away3. The campers their tent in a sheltered valley.A. establishedB. installedC. pitchedD. fixed4. This is work. It calls for a good eye and a steady hand.A. preciseB. precisionC. exactD. exactness5. I’m rather concerned how he will take his school.A. onB. upC. offD. to6. I don’t doubt the plan will be well received.A. thatB. whichC. ifD. whether7. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event is equal to the probability that it will not occur.A. occurringB. occurredC. occursD. occur8. We will not be held responsible for any damage which results rough handling.A. fromB. offC. inD. to9. Now a single cell phone is able to store a large of information about an individual life.A. dealB. numberC. amountD. account10. The long service of decades of the to-be-retired with the company was a present each from the President.A. confirmed byB. recorded inC. acknowledged withD. appreciated for11. Buildings in the southeast of the UK are going to have to be constructed those in Scotland if the report findings are correct.A. asB. likeC. likelyD. are like12. We cannot see any possibility of business your price is on the high side of theprevailing market trend.A. whichB. sinceC. thatD. though13. If out successfully, the plan will completely change the traffic conditions in the city.A. carriedB. is carriedC. having been carriedD. to carry14. We are conscious of the extent work provides the psychological satisfaction that can make the difference between a full and empty life.A. to whichB. in whichC. at whichD. by which15. This book is about how these basic beliefs and values affect important of American life.A. fashionsB. frontiersC. facetsD. formatsSection BDirections:There are ten sentences in this section with one word or phrase underlined in each sentence. From the four choices given, choose one that best explains or defines the underlined part in each sentence.16. So engrossed in his efforts would Gaugin become that he barely noticed the passing of time.A. delighted inB. frustrated byC. expanded byD. involved in17. Rain abates in the fall throughout most of the Appalachian Mountain region.A. poursB. accumulatesC. lessensD. evaporates18. When a hurricane is about to occur, the National Weather Bureau issues a warning.A. adjacentB. giganticC. perilousD. imminent19. Relaxation therapy teaches one not to fret over small problems.A. worry aboutB. get involved inC. get angry aboutD. look for20. Mark Anthony’s eulogy of Caesar at his funeral is memorably recorded in a play by Shakespeare.A. prayerB. praiseC. biographyD. denunciation21. We regret being unable to entertain your request for providing free boarding to 15 sportsmen for two weeks.A. receiveB. complyC. coincideD. consider22. The ancient Jewish people regarded themselves as the salt of the earth, the chosen few by God to rule the world.A. outcastB. eliteC. nomadD. disciple23. Soon comics were so prevalent as to attract the attention of serious critics.A. successfulB. prosperousC. widespreadD. persuasive24. The progress of civilization itself can be measured by its range of mathematics.A. consideredB. decidedC. assessedD. found out25. The artist spent years on his monumental painting, which covered the whole roof of the church, the biggest in the country.A. archaicB. sentimentalC. outstandingD. entireSection CDirections:Each of the following five sentences below has two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are four lettered sets of words. Choose the setof words for the blanks that best fit the meaning of the sentence.26. To list Reilly’s achievements in a fragmentary way is , for it distracts our attention from the themes of her work.A. unproductive … disparateB. misleading … integratingC. pragmatic … comprehensiveD. logical … important27. That many of the important laws of science were discovered during experiments designedto other phenomena suggests that experimental results are the of inevitable natural forces rather than of planning.A. analyze … foundationsB. disprove … predecessorsC. alter … adjunctsD. illuminate … consequence28. The availability of oxygen is an essential for animal life, while carbon dioxide is equally for plant life.A. choice … optionalB. duplication … selectiveC. conversion … exchangeableD. condition … necessary29. Old beliefs die hard: even when jobs became , the long-standing fear that unemployment could return at a moment’s notice .A. vacant … perishedB. easier … changedC. plentiful … persistedD. protected … subsided30. Politeness is not a attribute of human behavior, but rather a central virtue, one whose very existence is increasingly being by the faddish requirement to ―speak one’s mind.‖A. superficial … threatenedB. pervasive … undercutC. worthless … forestalledD. precious … affectedPart ⅡProofreading and error correction (20 minutes, 20 points, 2 points each) Directions: The following passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way.For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blankprovided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧‖ sign and writethe word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at theend of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross out the unnecessary word with a slash ―/‖ and put the wordin the blank provided at the end of the line.ExampleWhen∧art museum wants a new exhibit, 1. anit never buys things in finished form and hangs 2. neverthem on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. 3. exhibitThe Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a measure of the averagechange over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a marketbasket of consumer good and services. The CPI affects nearly all 1.Americans because of the many ways which it is used. Its three major 2.uses are: Firstly, as an economic indicator, the CPI is the most widelyused measurement of inflation and is sometimes viewed as an indicator 3.of the effectiveness of government economic policy. It providesinformations about price changes in the nation’s economy to 4.government, business, labor, and other private citizens, and is used bythem as a guide to make economic decisions. Secondly, as a deflator 5.of other economic series. The CPI and its components are used toadjusting other economic series for price changes and to translate 6.these series into inflation-free dollars. An interesting example ofthese is the use of the CPI as a deflator of the value of the consumer’s 7.dollar to find its purchasing power. The purchasing power ofthe consumer’s dollar measures the change in the value to the consumerof goods and services that a dollar will buy at different dates.By other words, as prices increase, the purchasing power of the 8.consumer’s dollar declines. Third, as a means of adjusting dollar 9.values. The CPI is often used to adjust consumer’s income payments; 10.to adjust income eligibility levels for government assistance;and to automatically provide cost-of-living wage adjustments tomillions of American workers.Part III Reading Comprehension (50 minutes, 40 points, 2 points each)Directions:There are four passages in this part. Read each passage carefully and answer the questions following each passage as you are required.Passage One―What does the middleman do but add to the price of goods in the shops?‖ Such remarks are aimed at the intermediate operations between manufactures and final customers. This practice usually attracts a lot of attention from the public and the press and the operation most talked about is what is often called wholesaling.The wholesaler buys goods in large quantities from the manufacturers and sells them in smaller parcels to retailers, and for this service his selling price to the retailer is raised several percent higher. But his job is made more difficult by retail demand not necessarily running level with manufacturers’production. Because he adjusts or regulates the flow of goods by holding stock until required, he frees the manufacturer, to some extent, from the effect on production of changing demand and having to bear the whole risk.The manufacturer can then keep up a steady production flow, and the retailer has no need to hold heavy stocks, who can call on the wholesaler for supplies any time. This wholesale function is like that of a valve in a water pipe. The middleman also bears part of the risk that would otherwise fall on the manufacturer and also the retailer.The wholesaler provides a purely commercial service, for which he is too well rewarded. But the point that is missed by many people is that the wholesaler is not just someone adding to the cost of goods. It is true one could eliminate the wholesaler but one would still be left with hisfunction: that of making sure that goods find their way to the people who want them.1. ―Middleman‖ in the passage almost equals to all the following in meaning except .A. go-betweenB. intermediaryC. manufacturerD. wholesaler2. The wholesaler obtains higher selling prices for .A. small parcels he sellsB. goods he buys in bulkC. the service he providesD. the information he offers3. A middleman’s work may become difficult because .A. manufactures run their production on a much higher levelB. market demand may not be the same as industrial productionC. retailers are not necessary in running their retailing businessD. retailers demand lower levels than those demanded by manufacturers4. What function of the wholesaler is compared to a valve?A. Controlling the flow of goods.B. Pushing up demand from retailers.C. Bearing part of the risk for manufacturers.D. Selling goods to retailers.5. The author quite possibly believes that the function of the wholesaler is .A. good but too costlyB. necessary but harmfulC. removable but necessaryD. acceptable but unnecessaryPassage TwoEvery group has a culture, however uncivilized it may seem to us. To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist, there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages.People once thought of the languages of backward groups as undeveloped. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of ―backward‖languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex. They differ from Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this aspect, two things are to be noted. First, all languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. Second, the objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in ―backward‖languages, while different from the West, are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. A Western language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness (―this‖ and ―that‖ ) . But some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or to the person addressed, or removed from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future.6. Every group of human beings has .A. its own set of ideas, beliefs and ways of lifeB. an extremely complex and delicate languageC. its own elegant music, literature, and other artsD. the process of growing crops or raising animals7. To the professional linguists, .A. there is no intrinsic superiority of culturesB. there is no intrinsic hierarchy of languagesC. all languages came from grunts and groansD. all languages are most severe and standard8. According to this passage, to learn a foreign language would require one to .A. do more activitiesB. learn about a new cultureC. meet more peopleD. need more names9. The author’s attitude shown in this passage toward ―backward‖ languages is .A. restrainedB. subjectiveC. objectiveD. resolute10. This passage is on the whole .A. narrativeB. instructiveC. prescriptiveD. argumentativePassage ThreeIs test anxiety destructive? Can we make test anxiety work for us? The answer to both of these questions is yes. Test anxiety often interferes with student performance but this same test anxiety, if channeled correctly, can help improve performance.In order to lessen the destructive elements of test anxiety, the approach should be to develop improved confidence and knowledge. As your knowledge of the course material increases, your confidence in your ability to succeed will increase. As your confidence increases, your anxiety will go down, allowing your knowledge to come through more efficiently. The way you prepare for a test can reduce anxiety during the test.You will be surprised how confident you will feel if you know the material. Studies of memory show if you want to be able to recall information from text or lecture you have to review that material several times. It is important to know your own abilities and operate accordingly. If you know that you learn best by listening, prepare a tape of significant material and listen to the tape.Study partners or study groups are often useful for self-testing. Experience in stressful situations tends to lessen anxiety in those situations. One way to help yourself retrieve material is through the use of mnemonic codes. Learn a code that lets you remember complex material. Developing an outline for an essay question that you know will be on the test or memorizing a formula are forms of code development.Students are often frustrated by the sheer volume of material that has to be studied in college. Many instructors conduct reviews, give hints, identify what is important to study, use handouts or overhead transparency outlines. These materials should be at the top of your study list. If the instructor took the time to identify them, you should assume that they will play an important part of the test. While knowledge acquired during test preparation can help reduce anxiety, it is another thing to take the test itself. Following are a few suggestions to help reduce anxiety during the test.When I arrive at a test, I often find students flipping test pages at the last minute trying to cram it all in at the end. You would be better off trying to relax, meditating a little, and clearing your mind to allow yourself the ability to concentrate on the question that are coming.As soon as the instructor gives you the signal to start, dump out formulas, codes, outlines from your memory onto the test answer sheets so that you will not have to worry about whether you will remember the codes long enough until you get to the appropriate test question.You can build your confidence if you go through the test and answer all of the questions that you know first. Go back and work on those questions that need greater analysis, or that need to be worked out or need to be guessed at and your anxiety will not kick in until later in the test.For those of you whose anxiety increases as study and preparation increase, your goal should be to start concentrating on things that take your mind off the test, i.e., television, books, hobbies, movies, etc. Meditation and aerobic exercise have proven to be very useful methods for reducing undesirable effects of stress.The solution to reducing the destructive influences of stress is to plan to study. Map out a schedule of when you will study each day. Identify the specific topics that you will study each day. Identify the areas of the material that you have had problems with and study those. Your plan should include reading the text material, reviewing notes and homework assignments, identifying the material that needs further explanation, developing codes for memory material and testing yourself. Once you have studied adequately, your confidence will be fairly high, your knowledge will be satisfactory to do well on the test and the stomach butterflies will help you focus on the task at hand.I’d wish you good luck on finals, but you and I both know that the more effectively you study, the luckier you will get.11. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned as a good side of the test anxiety?A. It can help improve performance if channeled correctly.B. It motivates us to study and prepare for exam.C. It can help us to concentrate.D. It can always ensure a good score in the test.12. Which of the following test preparation ways cannot help one reduce anxiety during the test?A. You should know your own abilities and operate accordingly and learn as much as you can.B. Study partners or study groups are useful for self-testing.C. You can retrieve materials by using mnemonic codes.D. You should pay more attention to the materials identified by the teacher.13. What should be at the top of your study list when you prepare a test?A. The most complex materials.B. The questions asked by students.C. The materials reviewed and hints given by the teacher.D. The materials mastered by most students.14. The suggestions to help reduce anxiety during the test are .A. relaxing, mnemonic codes and easy questions firstB. relaxing, dumping and easy questions firstC. relaxing, easy questions first and extreme anxietyD. aerobic exercise, relax and dumping15. According to the passage, useful means for reducing undesirable effects of stress are .A. knowledge and confidenceB. learning ability and instructor’s hintsC. meditation and aerobic exerciseD. rest and meditationPassage FourNo revolutions in technology have as visibly marked the human condition as those in transport. Moving goods and people, they have opened continents, transformed living standards, spread diseases, fashions and folk around the world. Yet technologies to transport ideas and information across long distances have arguably achieved even more: they have spread knowledge, the basis of economic growth.The most basic of all these, the written word, was already ancient by 1000. By then China had, in basic form, the printing press, using carved woodblocks. But the key to its future, movable metal type, was four centuries away. The Chinese were hampered by their thousands of ideograms. Even so, they quite soon invented the primitive movable type, made of clay, and by the 13th century they had the movable wooden type. But the real secret was the use of an easily cast metal.When it came, Europe –aided by simple Western alphabets –leapt forward with it. One reason why Asia’s civilizations, in 1000 far ahead of Europe’s, then fell behind was that they lacked the technology to reproduce and diffuse ideas. On Johannes Gutenberg’s invention in the 1440s were built not just the Reformation and the Enlightenment, but Europe’s agricultural and industrial revolutions too.Yet information technology on its own would not have got far. Literally: better transport technology too was needed. That was not lacking, but there the big change came much later: it was railways and steamships that first allowed the speedy, widespread dissemination of news and ideas over long distances. And both technologies in turn required people and organizations to develop their use. They got them: for individual communication. The postal service: for wider publics, the publishing industry.Throughout the 19th century, the postal service formed the bedrock of national and international communications. Crucial to its growth had been the introduction of the stamp, combined with a low price, and payment by the sender. Britain put all three of these ideas into effect in 1840.By then, the world’s mail was taking off. It changed the world. Merchants in America’s eastern cities used it to gather information, enraging far-off cotton growers and farmers, who found that the New Yorkers knew more about crop prices than they did. In the American debate about slavery, it offered abolitionists a low-cost way to spread their views, just as later technologies have cut the cost and widened the scope of political lobbying. The post helped too to integrate the American nation, tying the newly opened west to the settled east.Everywhere, its development drove and was driven by those of transport. In Britain, travelers rode by mail coach to posting inns. In America, the post subsidized road-building. Indeed, argues Dan Schiller, a professor of communications at the University of California, it was the connection between the post, transport and national integration that ensured that the mail remained a public enterprise even in the United States, its first and only government-run communications medium, and until at least the 1870s, the biggest organization in the land.The change has not only been one of speed and distance, though, but of audience. About 200 years ago, a man’s words could reach no further than his voice, not just in range but in whom they reached. But, for some purposes, efficient communication is mass communication, regular, cheap,quick and reliable. When it became possible, it transformed the world.16. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. Transporting goods and people is the most important technology in the history of mankind.B. Technology in transporting goods and people has changed human conditions more than anything else.C. Technology in spreading information has changed human conditions more than transportation technology.D. Technology in spreading information can’t change the ec onomic development of society.17. Johannes Gutenberg’s invention probably refers to .A. printing technologyB. transportation technologyC. the Reformation and the EnlightenmentD. industrial revolution18. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the postal service?A. American abortionists were not happy about it.B. The stamp was invented in Britain.C. It helped the independence of America.D. In the 1840s it was the major means of national communications in Britain.19. In the United States, the postal service belongs to .A. a private companyB. the governmentC. road-building enterprisesD. national integration20. Which of the following statements is NOT true about mass communication?A. It can reach no further than human voice.B. It can reach a large audience.C. It is rapid and efficient.D. It can be trusted.Part ⅣTranslation (40 minutes, 30 points, 15 points each)Directions: There are two passages here. Put the underlined part in the first one into Chinese and the underlined part in the second one into English.[1] It may seem an exaggeration to say that ambition is something that can hold many of the society’s disparate elements together, but it is not an exaggeration by much. Remove ambition and the essential elements of society seem to fly apart. Ambition, as opposed to mere fantasizing about desires, implies work and discipline to achieve goals, personal and social, which society cannot survive without. Ambition is intimately connected with family, for men and women not only work for themselves, but partly for their families; husbands and wives are often ambitious for each other, but harbor some of their most ardent ambitions for their children. Yet to have a family nowadays —with birth control readily available, and inflation a good economic argument against having children — is nearly an expression of ambition in itself. Finally, though ambition was once the domain chiefly of monarchs and aristocrats, it has, in more recent times, increasingly become the domain of the middle class. Ambition and futurity —a sense of building for tomorrow —are inextricable. Working, saving, planning —these, the daily aspects of ambition —have alwaysbeen the distinguishing marks of a rising middle class. The attack against ambition is not incidentally an attack on the middle class and what it stands for.[2] 世界是千变万化的，疑问是层出不穷的，答案是丰富多彩的，对问题评述的标准不同，答案就不同。
北京科技大学-研究生英语口试6题
1.What is Big Brother? Give an example. (Unit 1)Any person, organization, or system that seems to want to control people’s lives and restrict their freedom(a figure representing the oppressive control over individual lives exerted by the government)camera phone,bugs3.Why is it risky to have multiple procedures at once? Give an example. (Unit 3)Generally,Having multiple procedures not only prolongs recovery but also increases the time a patient is anesthetized.,which can be risky.James mccormick undergo multiple procedures ,and the next day,he was dead.4.Why is it bad for children to learn too much at an early age? (Unit 4) Through early childhood and into adolescence this timetable is significantly influenced by myelin.Current reaserch identifies that the escalation of myelin occeurs in various stages and there is actually a 100% increase in myelin during adolescence.In other words,the bulid-up and acquisition of myelin towards full brain maturation is more marathon than sprint and no measure of extra tuition or early training in any activity will influence this developmental timeline.5.Do you think that free online lectures will destroy universities? (Unit 5)Freely available online lectures and textbooks give universities the opportunity to reduce costs and increase quality,while focusing resources on what really matters:contact time between teaches and students. the simple fact is that the education most universities provide isn’t worth the money. if they don’t have world-class reputations-and only a few do-then need to change fast,or watch an exodus of students away to cheaper, better alternatives.8. Why are manners important in our daily life? Give an example. (Unit 8) If we want to be good ,we have to get into the habit of being good.Just think about the nicest people you know and most of the time you’ll discover that you regard for them is not based on their tireless work to eradicate world poverty, but a basic decency expressed through their everyday dealing with others.Wrong numbers; travelling right; good loving; new age; social work9. What is the main idea of the book Essay on the Principle of Population? (Unit 9)Human population, he observed, increases at a geometric rate, doubling about every 25 years if unchecked, while agricultural production increases arithmetically-much more slowly. Malthus thought such checks could be voluntary, such as birth control, abstinence, or delayed marriage--or involuntary, through the scourges of war, famine ,and disease.。
【考研英语】2021年1月北京科技大学研究生招生考试英语练习题100道(附答案解析)
【考研英语】2021年1月北京科技大学研究生招生考试英语练习题100道（附答案解析）第1题【单选题】The secretary and principal ________ at the meeting now.A、are speakingB、is speakingC、were making a speechD、have a speech【正确答案】B【答案解析】The secretary and principal指的是一个人，所以用单数谓语动词is。
第2题【单选题】We have great differences today. What brings us together is that we have common interests which transcend those differences.A、现在我们有很大的分歧。
但使我们走到一起的，是我们有跨越这些分歧的共同利益。
B、今天我们有巨大的不同。
使我们走到一起的，是我们有超越这些不同的共同利益。
C、今天我们有巨大的分歧。
使我们走到一起的，是我们有超越这些分歧的共同利益。
D、今天我们有巨大的不同。
使我们来到一起的，是我们有超过这些不同的共同兴趣。
【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。
great differences在句子中表示的是“巨大的分歧”的意思；interests在本句中不是表示“兴趣”，而是表示双方之间共同的利益。
第3题【单选题】The decline in moral standards, which has long concerned social analysts, has at last ________ the attention of average Americans.A、clarifiedB、cultivatedC、characterizedD、captured【正确答案】D【答案解析】本题的四个选项意思各不相同，但能与题句空格后的名词attention搭配并符合题意的只有一个。
北京科技大学考研翻译硕士英语真题
北京科技大学考研翻译硕士英语真题北京科技大学2011年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题====================================== ========================================= ===============试题编号试题编号：：211试题名称试题名称：：翻译硕士英语（共10页）适用专业：翻译硕士（专业学位）说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。
====================================== ========================================= ============================== PART I GRAMMAR&VOCABULARY[60MIN](1x30=30POINTS) T here are thirty sentences in this section.B eneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C,D.Please choose the correct answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answers on the answer sheet.1.The day is past when the country can afford to give high school diploma to all who______six years of instruction.A.set aboutB.run forC.sit throughD.make for2.Anderson held out his arms to______the attack,but the shark grabbed his right forearm anddived.A.turn offB.ward offC.trigger offD.call off3.Small children are often______to nightmares after hearing ghost stories in the dark.A.definiteB.perceptibleC.incipientD.susceptible4.Automation threatens mankind with an increased number of______hours.A.meager/doc/e29863278.html,plexC.idleD.active5.It would be______their hospitality to accept any more from them.A.trampling onB.treading onC.trespassing onD.trying on6.We do not mean to be disrespectful when we refused to follow the advice of our______leader.A.venerableB.respectfulC.graciousD.famous7.A safety analysis______the target as a potentialdanger.Unfortunately,it was never done.A.would identifyB.will identifyC.will have identifiedD.would have identified8.These proposals sought to place greater restrictions on the use and copying of digitalinformation than______in traditional media.A.existB.existsC.existingD.to exist9.Despite the fact that over time the originally antagonistic response to his sculpture haslessened,to this day,hardly any individuals______his art.A.evaluateB.applaudC.denounceD.ignore10.The shortcomings of Mr.Brooks’analysis are______his clarity in explaining financialcomplexity.A.alleviated byB.offset byC.magnified byD.demonstrated by11.Given the evidence of Egyptian and Babylonian______later Greek civilization,it would beincorrect to view the work of Greek scientists as an entirely independent creation.A.imitation ofB.ambivalence aboutC.disdain forD.influence on12.Any language is a conspiracy against experience in the sense that it is a collective attempt to______experience by reducing it into discrete parcels.A.transcribe/doc/e29863278.html,plicateC.manageD.amplify13.Though science is often imagined as a disinterested exploration of external reality,scientistsare no different from anyone else:they are______human beings enmeshed in a web of personal and social circumstances.A.vulnerableB.rationalC.carelessD.passionate14.Not until Kentucky’s Mammoth Cave had been completely explored in1972______.A.when was its full extent realizedB.that its full extent was realizedC.was its full extent realizedD.the realization of its full extent15.You should have known better than______your little sister at home herself.A.to leaveB.leaveC.leavingD.to have left16.I cannot concentrate on my work with the prospect of the court case______me.A.hanging onB.hanging overC.hanging upD.hanging on to17.The fantastic achievements of modern technology and the speed at which scientificdiscoveries are translated into technological applications______the triumph of human endeavor.A.facilitateB.lead toC.attest toD.herald18.The new conflict between Man and Nature is more dangerous than the traditional one betweenman and his fellow man,______the protagonists at least shared a common language.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.that19.Even if automakers modify commercially produced cars to run on alternative fuels,the carswon’t catch on in a way______drivers can fill them up at the gas station.A.ifB.whenC.unlessD.because20.Having been isolated on a remote island,with little work______them,the soldiers sufferedfrom boredom and low spirits.A.occupyingB.to occupyC.occupiedD.occupy21.An institution concerned about its reputation is at the mercy of the actions of its members,because the misdeeds of individuals are often used to______the institutions of which they are a part.A.coerceB.honorC.discreditD.intimidate22.The newborn human infant is not a passive figure,nor an active one,but what might be calledan actively receptive one,eagerly attentive______it is to sights and sounds.A.asB.whatC.thatD.which23.For him______,what is essential is not that policy works,but that the public believe that itdoes.A.being re-electedB.to be re-electedC.re-electedD.to re-elect24.Mercury’s velocity is so much greater than the Earth’s that it completes more than fourrevolutions around the Sun in the time______takes the Earth to complete one.A.whenB.itC.thatD.which25.The mother would______her son doing his music practice if he could finish his assignmentbefore supper.A.let downB.let aloneC.let offD.let out26.When the streets are full of melting snow,you can’t help but______your shoes wet.A.gettingB.getC.to getD.got27.She could sing these songs______a moment’s notice whenever she was asked.A.withB.toC.onD.at28.As we see______political and national movements,language is used as a badge or barrierdepending on which way we look at it.A.in aspects ofB.in view ofC.in consideration ofD.in relation to29.The emergence of mass literacy coincided with the first industrial revolution;______the newexpansion in literacy,as well as cheaper printing,helped to nurture the rise of popular literature.A.as a resultB.in turnC.thereforeD.in other words30.The notion that a parasite can alter the behavior of a host organism is not mere fiction;indeed,the phenomenon is not even______.A.real/doc/e29863278.html,prehendedC.rareD.observablePART II READING COMPREHENSION[60MIN](40POINTS)=20points)Section One Multiple Choice(2x10(2x10=20Directions:In this section there are two reading passages followed by multiple choice questions. R ead the passages and then mark your answers on your answer sheet.Passage AOn Aug.14,2007a computer hacker named Virgil Griffith unleashed a clever little program onto the Internet that hedubbed WikiScanner.It’s a simple application that trolls through the records of Wikipedia,the publicly editable Web-based encyclopedia,and checks on who is making changes to which entries.Sometimes it’s people who shouldn’t be.For example,WikiScanner turned up evidence that somebody from Wal-Mart had punched up Wal-Mart’s Wikipedia entry. Bad retail giant.WikiScanner is a jolly little game o f Internet,but it’s really about something more:a growing popular irritation with the Internet in general.The Net has anarchy in its DNA;it’s always been about anonymity,playing with your own identity and messing with other people’s heads.The idea, such as it was,seems to have been that the Internet would free us of the burden of our public identities so we could be our true,authentic selves online.Except it turns out—who could’ve seen this coming?—that our true,authentic selves aren’t that fantastic.The great experiment proved that some of us are wonderful and interesting but that a lot of us are hackers and pranksters and hucksters.Which is one way of explaining the extraordinary appeal of Facebook.Facebook is a“social network”:a website for keeping track of your friends and sending them messages and sharing photos and doing all those other things that a good little Web2.0 company is supposed to help you do.It was started by Harvard students in2004as a tool for meeting—at least discreetly ogling—other Harvard students,and it still has a reputation as a hangout for teenagers and the teenaged-at-heart.Which is ironic because Facebook is really about making the Web grow up.Whereas Google is a brilliant technological hack,Facebook is primarily a feat of social engineering.(It wouldn’t be a bad ideafor Google to acquire Facebook,the way it snaffled YouTube,but it’s almost certainly too late in the day for that.Yahoo!offered a billion for Facebook last year and was rebuffed.)Facebook’s appeal is both obvious and rather subtle.It’s a website,but in a sense,it’s another version of the Internet itself:a Net within a Net,one that’s everything the larger Net is not.Facebook is cleanly designed and has a classy,upmarket feel to it —a whiff of the Ivy League still clings.People tend to use their real names on Facebook.They also declare their sex,age,whereabouts,romantic status and institutional affiliations.Identity is not a performance or a toy on Facebook:it is a fixed and orderly fact.Nobody does anything secretly:a news feed constantly updates your friends on your activities.On Facebook,everybody knows you’re a dog.Maybe that’s why Facebook’s fastest-growing demographic consists of people35or older: they’re refugees from the uncouth wider Web.Every community must negotiate the imperatives of individual freedom and collective social order,and Facebook constitutes a critical rebalancing of the Internet’s founding vision of unfettered electronic liberty.Of course,it is possible to misbehave on Facebook—it’s just self-defeating.Unlike the Internet,Facebook is structured around an opt-in philosophy;people have to consent to have contact with or even see others on the network.If you’re annoying folks,you’ll essentially cease to exist,as those you annoy drop you off the grid.Facebook has taken steps this year to expand its functionality by allowing outside developers to create applications that integrate with its pages,which brings with it expanded opportunities for abuse.No doubt Griffith is hard at work on FacebookScanner.But it has also hung on doggedly to its coreinsight:that the most important function of a social network is connecting people and that its second most important function is keeping them apart.1.Which of the following is INCORRECT about WikiScanner?A.It can change or revise some entries of Wikipedia.B.It can trace the origin of some information on the Internet.C.It expresses people’s irritation with the Internet.D.It reveals people’s real selves on the Internet.2.The advantages of Facebook are mainly presented by comparing the differences betweenFacebook andA.WikiScanner.B.Google.C.the Internet.D.FacebookScanner3.What does the last sentence of Paragraph Four really mean?A.You are looked down upon by people on Facebook.B.If you misbehave on Facebook,everybody will know.C.You can pretend to be a dog on Facebook.D.Everybody knows who you are on Facebook.4.What is Facebook’s real appeal according to the passage?A.Only well-educated people can be allowed to register.B.People can do something different from what they do on the Internet.C.It is cleanly designed and has very powerful and diverse uses.D.Its real name registration system makes it difficult to misbehave.5.If you misbehave on Facebook,you will beA.forbidden to use Facebook forever.B.criticized by other people on Facebook.C.dropped out of other people’s lists of friends.D.cut network connections.Passage BClancy Martin knows a lot about lying.He’s now an associate professor of philosophy at the University of Missouri,Kansas City,specializing in19th-and20th-century continental philosophy and business ethics,and he wrote his dissertation on deception.But he really learned how to lie in his youth,when he was a crackerjack jewelry salesman.Not as good as his brother,perhaps,but good enough to turn a fake Rolex into the real thing.“I do miss it,”Martin admits.“I miss that feeling of being on the edge.Say what you will,there is something fun about deceiving people.”Talking to Martin about deception can be unnerving.His voice,sweetened with sincerity,has the compulsive tones of a convert.Sincere people make good salesmen.So what to make of Clancy Martin—a man who wants to sell his debut novel while reclaiming his soul?When he was young,selling was simple—a matter of getting a customer to buy into his fictions.“He was a very gifted liar.”says his brother and former business partner,Darren.That much is still true,as Martin’s novel,How to Sell,makes clear.How to Sell is outrageous,theatrical and slicker than oil.It tells the tale of Bobby Clark,a high-school dropout who joins his older brother at a jewelry shop in Texas.It’s a festival of drugs,diamonds and sex.Prostitution,a saleswoman turned hooker suggests at one point,is a more honest kind of living than the jewelry trade(at least in t his book).“With what I do now,”she tells Bobby,“I sleep well at night.”Martin was born in Toronto,in1967.Like his protagonist,he left high school,moved to Texas and got a job at the jewelry store where his brother worked.“I would say that,unfortunately, m ost of the book is lifted directly from my life—with some exaggeration and lots of omission,”says Martin cheerfully.For a young man,the life had a kind of reckless glamour.“You sell a diamond,and boom,”he says.But Martin was a little different from most employees.He read,for example.Just as Bobby riffs on a Jorge Luis Borges story to sell a bracelet,Martin wove stories for customers from the plotlines of books,and he’d read Spinoza’s Ethics—between booze and bumps of coke.Bobby’s pain,too,comes from Martin’s life:his complicated relationships with his older brother and his charming but crazy father,Bill,who was never quite far enough out of the picture.“I think a lot of Clancy’s interest in self-deception came from his interest in who his dad was,”says his e x-wife,Alicia Martin.Martin tried to steer his life in another direction.He went to college,began graduate school in philosophy and married.Then,one day,when he was in Copenhagen working on a paper on Kierkegaard,his brother called and asked him to help with the business plan for expanding his jewelry store.Suddenly,Martin was out of school and back in jewels.Unlike the shop started by the brothers in the novel,the Martins’joint venture was clean,Darren insists.But the game,more or less,was the same:the process of turning a gem from a mass of matter into a narrative of possibility.In the seven years Martin worked there,life was never boring,but it wasn’t much of a life.“I had all this experience,and no sense of moral responsibility,”Martin says.His marriag e broke up. He despaired.But he began writing,and that seemed to offerthe promise of something worthwhile.He returned to graduate school.He wanted to understand deception—and self-deception—not practice it.Insofar as he could.Martin remarried and became a professor.In addition to writing fiction,he translated Nietzsche and had edited several collections on ethics(including the forthcoming Philosophy of Deception);his nonfiction book Love,Lies and Marriage comes out next year.When we spoke two months ago,he said his life was now“incredibly calm and domestic”.He did not say that he was undergoing one of the most trying periods of his life.With How to Sell,Martin has written a gem of a story.Selling it probably won’t be hard.The bigger challenge for Martin might be to learn how to stop selling.6.In Martin’s book,the jewelry business isA.an ideal place for high school drop-outs to start their career.B.like a party in which everybody enjoys the excitement and luxury.C.full of opportunities for knowledgeable people to prosper.D.a world where people rarely value the virtue of honesty.7.Which of the following is NOT true about Bobby Clark,the protagonist of the book How toSell?A.He makes use of what he has read to promote sale.B.He was born in T oronto and dropped out of high school.C.He has a brother who introduces him into the jewelry business.D.His relationship with his father is rather complicated.8.It can NOT be inferred from Paragraph Five and Six thatA.the sense of moral responsibility is important to marriage.B.the jewelry business has great appeal to Martin.C.philosophy is a much less interesting subject than deception.D.excitement is not the most important component of life.9.The sentence in the last paragraph“The bigger challenge for Martin might be to learn how tostop selling”implies thatA.once a person learns how to sell,the skill will never be forgotten.B.if a book becomes a best-seller,it is difficult not to stop selling it.C.cheating might become a kind of addiction that is hard to get rid of.D.books on cheating can always arouse people’s interest of purchase.10.Which of the following best describes the category of writing this passage belongs to?A.A book review in a newspaper.B.An introduction in a jewelry magazine.C.An extract from a biography.D.An analysis of deception from an essay.=20points)Section Two Answering Questions(4x5(4x5=20D irections:Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage.U se ONLY information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your answer sheet.Questions1to3Think of the solitude felt by Marie Smith before she died earlier this year in her native Alaska, at89.She was the last person who knew the language of the Eyak people as a mother-tongue.Or imagine Ned Mandrell,who died in1974—he was the last native speaker of Manx,similar to Irish and Scots Gaelic.Both these people had the comfort of being surrounded,some of the time, by enthusiasts who knew something precious was vanishing and tried to record and learn whateverthey could of a vanishing tongue.In remote parts of the world,dozens more people are on the point of taking to their graves a system of communication that will never be recorded or reconstructed.Does it matter?Plenty of languages—among them Akkadian,Etruscan,Tangut and Chibcha —have gone the way of the dodo,without causing much trouble to posterity.Should anyone lose sleep over the fact that many tongues—from Manchu(spoken in China)to Hua(Botswana)and Gwich’in(Alaska)—are in danger of suffering a similar fate?Compared with groups who lobby to save animals or trees,campaigners who lobby to preserve languages are themselves a rare breed.But they are trying both to mitigate and publicise an alarming acceleration in the rate at which languages are vanishing.Of some6,900tongues spoken in the world today,some50%to90%could be gone by the end of the century.In Africa,at least300languages are in near-term danger,and200more have died recently or are on the verge of death.Some145languages are threatened in East and South-East Asia.Some languages,even robust ones,face an obvious threat in the shape of a political power bent on imposing a majoritytongue.A youngster in any part of the Soviet Union soon realised that whatever you spoke at home,mastering Russian was the key to success.Nor did English reach its present global status without ruthless tactics.In years past,Americans,Canadians and Australians took native children away from their families to be raised at boarding schools where English rules. In all the Celtic fringes of the British Isles there are bitter memories of children being punished for speaking the wrong language.But in an age of mass communications,the threats to linguistic diversity are less draconian and more spontaneous.Parents stop using traditional tongues,thinking it will be better for their children to grow up using a dominant language(such as Swahili in East Africa)or a global one (such as English or Spanish).And even if parents try to keep the old speech alive,their efforts can be doomed by films and computer games.The result is a growing list of tongues spoken only by white-haired elders.A book edited by Peter Austin,an Australian linguist,gives some examples:Njerep,one of31endangered languages counted in Cameroon,reportedly has only four speakers left,all over60.The valleys of the Caucasus used to be a paradise for linguists in search of unusual syntax,but Ubykh,one of the region’s baffling tongues,officially expired in1992.The effort to keep languages alive can lead to hard arguments,especially where limited funds are available to spend on education and official communications.In both America and Britain, some feel that,whatever people speak at home,priority should go to making sure that children know English well.But supporters of linguistic diversity make strong arguments too.Nicholas Ostler,a scholar who heads the Foundation for Endangered Languages,a non-profit group based in Britain,saysmultilingual children do better academically than monolingual ones.He rejects the notion that a common tongue helps to avoid war:think of Rwanda,Bosnia and Vietnam.Mark Alber,a Canadian writer,says the protection of endangered species is closely linked to the preservation of tongues.On a recent expedition in Australia,a rare turtle was found to have two varieties;a dying but rich native language,Gagudju,had different words for each kind.Thanks to electronics,saviours of languages have better tools than ever before;words and sounds can easily be posted on the /doc/e29863278.html,cation techniques are improving,too.In New Zealand Maori-speakers have formed“language nest”,in which grandparents coach toddlers in theold tongue.Australia’s dying Kamilaroi language was boosted by pop songs teenagers liked.But whatever tricks or technology are used,the only test of a language’s viability is everyday life.“The way to save languages is to speak them,”says Mr.Austin.“People have to talk to people.”Questions:1.According to this passage,what has caused the disappearance or vanishing of some languages?2.Does the electronic age have any impact on language diversity?If so,what is it?3.What is the main purpose of this passage?Questions4to5Traditionally,the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points—periods, countries,dramatic events,and great leaders.It also has had clear and firm notions of scholarly procedure:how one inquires into a historical problem,how onepresents and documents one’s findings,what co nstitutes admissible and adequate proof.Anyone who has followed recent historical literature can testify to the revolution that is taking place in historical studies.The currently fashionable subjects come directly from the sociology catalog:childhood,work,leisure.The new subjects are accompanied by new methods. Where history once was primarily narrative,it is now entirely analytic.The old questions“What happened?”and“How did it happen?”have given way to the question“Why did it happen?”Prominent among the methods used to answer the question“Why”is psychoanalysis,and its use has given rise to psychohistory.Psychohistory does not merely use psychological explanations in historical contexts. Historians have always used such explanations when they were appropriate and when there was sufficient evidence for them.But this pragmatic use of psychology is not what psychohistorians intend.They are committed,not just to psychology in general,but to Freudian psychoanalysis. This commitment precludes a commitment to history as historians have always understood it. Psychohistory derives its“facts”not from history,the detailed records of events and their consequences,but from psychoanalysis of the individuals who made history,and deduces its theories not from this or that instance in their lives,but from a view of human nature that transcends history.It denies the basic criterion of historical evidence:that evidence be publicly accessible to,and therefore assessable by,all historians.And it violates the basic tenet of historical method:that historian be alert to the negative instances that would refute their theses. Psychohistorians,convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories,are also convinced thattheirs is the“deepest”explanation of any event,that other explanations fall short of the truth.Psychohistory is not content to violate the discipline of history(in the sense of the proper mode of studying and writing about the past);it also violates the past itself.It denies to the past an integrity and will of its own,in which people acted out of a variety of motives and in which events had a multiplicity of causes and effects.It imposes upon the past the same determinism that it imposes upon the present,thus robbing people and events of their individuality and of their complexity.Instead of respecting the particularity of the past,it assimilates all events,past and present,into a single deterministic schema that is presumed to be true at all times and in allcircumstances.Questions:4.According to this passage,how does psychohistory differ from traditional history in treating past events?5.What does the author of the passage probably intend to convey by putting the word“deepest”(in Paragraph3)in quotation marks?MIN]](30POINTS)PART III WRITING[60MINBig cities like Beijing,Shanghai or Guangzhou have been the top choices for many university graduates.But in recent years,much greater pressure of living in those big cities has made some people especially young men think about working in a smaller one.What is your opinion?State your viewpoint clearly and adequately.Write on ANSWER SHEET a composition of about400words on the following topic:Working in Small Cities vs.Big Cities。
北京科技大学2011年研究生考试真题-618基础英语
北京科技大学2011年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题============================================================================================================= 试题编号： 618 试题名称：基础英语（共 10 页）适用专业：外国语言文学（包括外国语言学及应用语言学和英语语言文学）说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。
=============================================================================================================Part Ⅰ Vocabulary (30 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Section ADirections:There are fifteen incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.1. Part of Doraemon’s particular appeal is that he is ready to take every situation —and likely, somehow, to get it wrong.A. downB. onC. outD. away2. When workers are organized in trade unions, employers find it hard to lay them .A. offB. asideC. outD. down3. His should not be confused with miserliness; he has always been willing to assist the poor.A. frugalityB. diffidenceC. intoleranceD. intemperance4. She decided to accept his offer of marriage after he her for months with flowers and expensive presents.A. wrungB. wiggledC. wontedD. wooed5. During his years in Congress he has with the chemical, drug and power companies on behalf of the ordinary person’s right to breathe clean air.A. tussledB. actuatedC. capsizedD. fidgeted6. Most banks offer facilities to students, to help them when they run short of money.A. oversightB. overdraftC. overdoseD. overseeing7. Much of what he said was beyond her comprehension, but she understood the of his remarks.A. tackB. tactC. tannerD. tenor8. He is an exceedingly insular man, as to seem inaccessible to the scrutiny of a novelist.A. such a deep privateB. so deep a privateC. privately deep soD. so deeply private9. It involves the study of the human heart which leads us through devious mazes of passion,it is difficult to find our way.A. into whichB. through whichC. from whichD. out of which10. The future of this company is : many of its talented employees are flowing into more profitable net-based businesses.A. at oddsB. in troubleC. in vainD. at stake11. It’s naïve to expect that any society can resolve all the social problems it is faced with .A. for longB. in and outC. once for allD. by nature12. Life insurance is financial protection for dependents against loss the bread-winner’s death.A. at the cost ofB. on the verge ofC. as a result ofD. for the sake of13. I’m very glad to know that my boss has generously agreed to my debt in return for certain services.A. take awayB. cut outC. write offD. clear up14. Life is a candle to burn ever brighter.A. being meantB. meaningC. to meanD. meant15. While in London, we paid a visit to the hospital founded the nurse Florence Nightingale.A. in line withB. in favor ofC. in honor ofD. in place ofSection BDirections:There are ten sentences in this section with one word or phrase underlined in each sentence. From the four choices given, choose one that best explains or defines the underlined part in each sentence.16. Nick had retained her hand, and continued to scrutinize her with a strange sense of foreboding.A. doubtB. inspectC. prospectD. retaliate17. At first, John thought that Jenny was full of hot air, but soon he realized that she was not building castle in the air.A. telling liesB. daydreamingC. irritatedD. talking nonsense18. Very large animals, with their relatively low metabolic rates, can survive well on a sporadic food supply.A. scantyB. infrequentC. concentratedD. relative19. Scientists discovered that this particular variety of rabbit was susceptible to a fatal virus disease.A. dangerousB. promotingC. dubiousD. responsive20. Peter’s request to his employer to have the next day off met with a blunt refusal.A. was politely turned downB. was politely refusedC. was obscurely turned downD. was flatly refused21. Jeeps increasingly became a vital part of Postal Service fleet because they were strong and agile.A. nimbleB. attractiveC. preferredD. cheaper22. The British, the French and the Dutch are old sparring partners who know each other’s little ways.A. cooperativeB. generousC. quarrelsomeD. ambitious23. Researchers have discovered that dolphins are able to mimic human speech.A. importB. imitateC. impairD. humor24. The criminal insinuated that he had been roughly treated by the arresting officer.A. suggested indirectlyB. denied positivelyC. argued convincinglyD. stated flatly25. London’s Victoria and Albert Museum, according to newspapers, is getting ready to unveil a big exhibition of potter drawings.A. displayB. demonstrateC. organizeD. authorizeSection CDirections:Each of the following five sentences below has two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered or sets of words. Choose the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence.26. This new government is faced not only with its economy but also with implementing new rural development programs to the flow of farm workers to the city.A. managing … stemB. offsetting … harnessC. bolstering … transmitD. challenging … measure27. Physicists rejected the innovative experimental technique because, although it some problems, it also produced new .A. clarified … dataB. eased … interpretationsC. resolved … complicationsD. caused … hypotheses28. It is no accident that most people find Davis’ book disturbing, for it is to undermine a number of beliefs they have long .A. calculated … cherishedB. annotated … assimilatedC. intended … deniedD. anxious … misunderstood29. Several surgeons cautioned against the new procedure, that patients had been kept in dark too long about its possible catastrophic consequences.A. eschewing … ponderingB. adopting … complainingC. publicizing … addingD. revising … advocating30. To believe that a culture’s achievement can be measured by t he of its written material requires one to accept that a page of junk mail is as as a page of great literature.A. volume … valuableB. nature … readableC. quality … prevalentD. timelessness … understandablePart ⅡProofreading and error correction (20 minutes, 20 points, 2 point each) Directions: The following passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way.For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blankprovided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and writethe word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at theend of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “/” and put the wordin the blank provided at the end of the line.ExampleWhen∧art museum wants a new exhibit, 1. anit never buys things in finished form and hangs 2. neverthem on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. 3. exhibitThis book is about adult learning and some factors that caninfluence it. Our present behavior is largely the consequence of our pastlearning. Indeed learning is sometimes defined as the process whichleads to relative permanent changes in our potential for performance as 1.the result of our past interaction to the environment. It would be 2. possible to write this book as a series of case studies illustrating the wayin which limited number of adult learners have assimilated new ideas and 3.skills into their already existing repertoire of behavior and try to cometo an understanding of the process of adult learning in this way. Thus, this 4. approach would be only limited use to the teacher or administrator faced 5.with attempting to foster the learning of many unique individualseach with different past learning experiences and backgrounds.For this book to be useful to people engaged in thebusiness of fostering learning it must attempt to do generalizations both 6.about the nature and progress of adult learning and about those factorsinternal and external to the learner, which are likely to advance their 7. development.To generalize about adult learning, we should first understandadult. Adult is one phase in the human life cycle that covers a lengthy 8. section of the life span. It is a phase that sees the individual to pass 9. through many stages in biological and environmental terms. What wewere in the past very largely determines what we are now and in 10.turn will very largely determine what we will become.Part ⅢReading Comprehension (50 minutes, 40 points, 2 points each)Directions:There are four passages in this part. Read each passage carefully and answer the questions following each passage as you are required.Passage One[1] Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in tile history of human knowledge. For many thousands of years it was the field of awareness about which humans had anything more than the vaguest of insights. It is impossible to know today just what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of pre-industrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. This is logical. Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, medicines, shelter, and a great many other purposes. Tribes livingtoday in the jungles of the Amazon recognize literally hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany, as such, has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of “knowledge” at all.[2] Unfortunately the more industrialized we become, the further away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and that their seeds could be planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them followed the marvel of agriculture, cultivated crops. From then on humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild, and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.1. Which of the following assumptions about early humans is expressed in the passage?A. They probably had extensive knowledge of plants.B. They thought there was no need to cultivate crops.C. They did not enjoy the study of botany.D. They placed great importance on the ownership of property.2. What does the author’s comment “This is logical”(Para.1) mean?A. There is no clear way to determine the extent of our ancestor’s knowledge of plants.B. It is not surprising that early humans had detailed knowledge of plants.C. It is reasonable to assure that our ancestors behaved very much like people in pre-industrial societies.D. Human knowledge of plants is well organized and very detailed.3. According to the passage, general knowledge of botany has begun to fade because .A. people no longer value plants as a useful resourceB. botany is not recognized as a special branch of scienceC. research is unable to keep up with the increasing numbers of plantsD. direct contact with a variety of plants has decreased4. By mentioning “a rose, an apple, or an orchid”(Para. 2) the author’s purpose is .A. to make the passage more poeticB. to cite examples of plants that are attractiveC. to give botanical examples that all readers will recognizeD. to illustrate the diversity of botanical life5. According to the passage, the first great step toward the practice of agriculture was .A. the invention of agricultural implements and machineryB. the development of a system of names for plantsC. the discovery of grasses that could be harvested and replantedD. the changing diets of early humansPassage Two[1] A patent is an exclusive right given to an inventor for his or her invention. In other words,a patent is a monopoly right given to the inventor for the invention. A patent confers on the inventor the right to price and to sell the invention in any way he or she desires. In the United States, patents are granted by the Patent Office for 17 years. Although economists generally condemn monopoly as a form of market organization since monopoly imposes costs on the economy, patents present a more subtle case for monopoly theory. Specifically, can patent monopolies be justified?[2] In general, economists complain about the costs of monopoly because they believe that the same industry could be organized competitively. A patent monopoly grant for 17 years presents a different problem. That is, the purpose of the patent system is to encourage invention. The issue is not monopoly versus competition but, more fundamentally, invention versus no invention. Is the world better off with the invention, even though it is monopolized for 17 years? In other words, what are the costs and benefits of a patent?[3] Consider the simple case of a new consumer product with a positive demand, such as a camera utilizing a new exposure process. The costs of the patent monopoly are simply the deadweight costs of monopoly measured by the lost consumers surplus from the 17-year patent monopoly. This cost must be assessed carefully in the context of an invention, however. What are the benefits of the patent system? First, there is the increase in consumer well-being brought about immediately by a desirable invention. In 17 years, the patent monopoly ends, and a second source of benefits arises: The price of cameras will fall to a competitive level, and consumers will reap the benefits of the camera at a lower price. In sum, theory of monopoly helps us to assess the costs and benefits of the patent. One can quibble about patent monopolies, arguing, for example, that they are granted for too long a time. In the end, the patent system creates goods and services and technologies that did not previously exist. In this respect it is a valuable system for the economy. The patent system also underscores the importance of property rights to ideas as a source of economic growth and progress.6. The first paragraph mainly .A. focuses on business monopolyB. tells us about the patent system in AmericaC. discusses a special form of market organizationD. defines what a patent is7. The second paragraph suggests strongly .A. the contradictory nature of the patent systemB. the importance of the patent systemC. the benefits of the patent systemD. the monopoly of the patent system8. The costs of the patent monopoly .A. are measured by how much the consumers have lost in 17 yearsB. are measured by what the consumers have lost in 17 yearsC. can be determined by the lost consumers surplus from the 17 year patent monopolyD. should be determined in the context of an invention9. What benefit can the patent system offer when the patent expires?A. An increase in consumer well-being.B. A reduced price for consumers.C. Higher productivity.D. The promotion of a desirable invention.10. The patent system is valuable for the economy in that .A. it creates goods and services and technologies that did not exist previouslyB. it gives an incentive to the inventor to publicize his research findingsC. it highlights the importance of property rights to ideasD. it is a source of economic growth and progressPassage Three[1] People living today in the northwestern state of Washington who have many sources of news in addition to newspapers must stretch their imaginations to understand the importance of the press during much of the state's history. Beginning in 1852 with The Columbian the first paper in Washington Territory, newspapers served to connect settlers in frontier communities with each other and with the major events of their times.[2] Unlike many mid-century papers, The Columbian, published every Saturday in Olympia, one of Washington's larger towns, was “neutral in politics,” meaning that it was not the organ of a particular political party or religious group. For its first few years, it was the only newspaper in the territory, but during the following decades, enterprising Washingtonians founded many other papers. Few of these papers lasted long. Until the turn of the century, most were the production of an individual editor, who might begin with insufficient capital or fail to attract a steady readership. Often working with no staff at all, these editors wrote copy, set type, delivered papers, oversaw billing, and sold advertising. Their highly personal journals reflected their own tastes, politics, and were known as the “Oregon style”—graphic, torrid, and potentially libelous.[3] Early newspapers were thick with print, carrying no illustrations or cartoons. Advertising was generally confined to the back pages and simply listed commodities received by local stores. Toward the end of the century, newspapers in Washington began to carry national advertising, especially from patent medicine companies, which bought space from agencies that brokered ads in papers all over the country. By 1900, Washington boasted 19 daily and 176 weekly papers. Especially in the larger cities, they reflected less the personal opinions of the editor than the interests of the large businesses they had become. They subscribed to the Associated Press and United Press news services, and new technology permitted illustrations. Concentrating on features, crime reporting, and sensationalism, they imitated the new mass-circulation papers that William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer were making popular throughout the United States.11. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Ways in which various newspapers were advertised in WashingtonB. The history of newspapers in WashingtonC. Editors of the first Washington newspapersD. The illustrations in early Washington newspapers12. What does the passage imply about early Washington newspapers?A. People relied on them as their primary source of news.B. They contained important historical articles.C. They were not as informative as today’s newspapers.D. They rarely reflected the views of any particular religion.13. According to the passage, which of the following was true of early Washington newspapers?A. Most were owned by part-time editors who worked at other jobs.B. Most were run by editors who had little or no earlier newspaper experience.C. Most received financial support from the town in which they were published.D. Most stayed in business for only a short while.14. What does the author mention as typical of early newspaper editors from Washington?A. Their capital grew rapidly.B. Their political opinions changed with time.C. They had many types of responsibilities.D. They were generally members of the same political party.15. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about advertising in Washington newspapers of the mid-nineteenth century?A. It contained information about patent medicines.B. It focused on local rather than national products.C. It was printed on entire pages distributed in local stores.D. It was the only part of the paper containing cartoons.Passage Four[1] Many of the most flexible examples of tool use in animals come from primates (the order that includes humans, apes, and monkeys). For example, many wild primates use objects to threaten outsiders. But there are many examples of tool use by other mammals, as well as by birds and other types of animals.[2] Tools are used by many species in the capture or preparation of food. Chimpanzees use sticks and poles to bring out ants and termites from their hiding places. Among the most complex tool use observed in the wild is the use of stones by Ivory Coast chimpanzees to crack nuts open. They select a large flat stone as an anvil (a heavy block on which to place the nuts) and a smaller stone as a hammer. Stones suitable for use as anvils are not easy to find, and often a chimpanzee may carry a haul of nuts more than 40 meters to find a suitable anvil. The use of tools in chimpanzees is especially interesting because these animals sometimes modify tools to make them better suited for their intended purpose. To make a twig more effective for digging out termites, for example, a chimp may first strip it of its leaves.[3] Surprisingly, there is also a species of bird that uses sticks to probe holes in the search for insects. One of the species of Galapagos finch, the woodpecker finch, picks up or breaks off a twig, cactus spine, or leaf stem. This primitive tool is then held in the beak and used to probe for insects in holes in trees that the bird cannot probe directly with its beak. Birds have been seen to carry twigs from tree to tree searching for prey.[4] Tools may also be used for defense. Hermit crabs grab sea anemones with their claws and use them as weapons to repel their enemies. Studies have demonstrated that these crabs significantly improve their chances against predators such as octopus by means of this tactic. Also, many species of forest-dwelling primates defend themselves by throwing objects, including stones, at intruders.16. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Primates are superior to other animals in using tools.B. The use of stones as tools is similar across different animal species.C. Birds and primates use tools that are different from those of sea animals.D. Many animals have developed effective ways of using tools.17. Why does the author mention ants and termites in paragraph 2?A. To give an example of food that chimpanzees collect by using toolsB. To emphasize that ants and termites often hide together in the same placeC. To identify an important part of the chimpanzee dietD. To point out a difference between two closely related species18. According to the passage, Ivory Coast chimpanzees are among the most remarkable of animal tool users because they .A. use tools to gather foodB. use more than one tool to accomplish a taskC. transport tools from one place to anotherD. hide their tools from other animals19. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the behavior of the woodpecker finch?A. It uses its beak as a weapon against its enemies.B. It uses the same twig to look for food in different trees.C. It uses twigs and leaves to build its nest.D. It avoids areas where cactus grows.20. Forest primates and certain sea animals are mentioned in the passage as examples of animals that use tools for .A. self-protectionB. food preparationC. hunting preyD. building nests or home plants to growPart ⅣTranslation (40 minutes, 30 points, 15 points each)Directions: There are two passages here. Put the first one into Chinese and the underlined part in the second one into English.[1] The mobile phone is set to become one of the central technologies of the 21st century. Withina few years, the mobile phone will evolve into a multi-functional communicator capable of transmitting and receiving not only sound, but also video, still images, data and text. A whole new era of personal communication is on the way.Thanks in part to the growth of wireless networks, the telephone is converging with the personal computer and the television. Soon lightweight phones outfitted with high-resolution screens will be connected to satellites enabling people to talk, send and receive e-mail, or take part in video conferences anytime, anywhere. These phones might also absorb many of the key functions of the desktop computer. Mobile devices are expected to be ideal for some of the new personalized services that are becoming available via the Internet, such as trading stocks, gambling, shopping and buying theater and airline tickets.[2] 当夜幕无声地落下，将一切远山近景从你的视野里抹去的时候；当热闹的晚会结束，欢声笑语已经消逝的时候，什么都没有留下，只有思想还在活动。
北京科技大学研究生英语口试8题
北京科技大学研究生英语口试8题Number OneWhat is “T he American Dream”? Give an example.Everyone has a unique interpretation of what the American Dream might be. American Dream in my mind, is a belief that as long as the United States after a hard struggle will be able to achieve the ideal of a better life. The American Dream is the dream of a land where all people can succeed through hard work. It is also an idea that suggests that all people have the potential to live happy, successful lives.One people can represent American dream was Obama. Obama was growing up in a poor family. He graduated from Columbia University and Harvard University, through hard work, for the first time in 2004, he elected as a senator, and became the first black president of American.Number TwoWhat is Big Brother? Give an example.Big Brother, a character in the novel 1984 by George Orwell .Big Brother, An omnipresent, seemingly benevolent figure representing the oppressive control over individual lives exerted by an authoritarian government.In the article, Big Brother represents cameras such as closed-circuit televisions often track Your moves, your mobile phone reveals your location .your transit pass and credit cards leave digital trails, now there is the possibilities that citizens are being watched.例子：p20Number ThreeWhat is green architecture? Give an example.As the environmental impact of buildings becomes more apparent, a new field called green building is gaining concern. Green or sustainable building is the practice of creating healthier & more resource -efficient models of construction, renovation, operation, maintenance, and demolition. Research and experience increasingly demonstrate that when buildings are designed and operated with their lifecycle impacts in mind, they can provide great environmental, economic, and social benefits.Green building is the practice of: 1.increasing the efficiency with which buildings and their sites use and harvest energy, water, and materials, and reducing building impacts on human health and the environment, through better sitting, design, construction, operation, maintenance, and removal—the complete building life cycle. Green building is an essential component of the related concepts of sustainable design, sustainable development and sustainability.Take ‘The Gherkin’,as example, it is formally known as ‘The Swiss Re building’ or ‘30 St Mary’s Axe’. This 40 storey tapering building is already a popular icon on the city skyline. What is most remarkable about the building is not its name or its shape, however, but itsenergy-efficiency. Thanks to its artful design and some fancy technology, it is expected to consume up to 50% less energy than a comparable conventional office building. Green architecture is changing the way buildings are designed, built and run.Number fourWhy is it risky to have multiple procedures at once? Give an example.Plastic surgery does means going under the knife, and lately there have been plenty of reminders of the risks involved.Number FiveWhy it is bad for children to learn too much at an early age?Nowadays Children are introduced to too much academic training too early. many parents require their children to participate in a lot of pre-school remedial classes or specialty classes. For example, the class of learn English, learn painting. But so many things to learn, which makes the kids feel very tired. Many of these children are shuffling from one form of tuition to another. It harms the children both mentally and physically.1. The development of myelin in the brain determines a child’s learning capability development. However, while we know that input from the environment helps shape the brain, we must also remember that brain maturation and overall development do not follow a nice neat agenda. Significantly, Outside stimuli will not help a child to learn until his brain is mature enough. each individual child is diffident and simply immersing a child in an endless bombardment of stimuli may do more harm than good.2. I strongly object to the competitive early childhood education and is convinced that too much, too soon and too fast may do more harm to children than good on the ground of recent neurological findings. The education and learning for kids are a step-by-step process, not a race. Playing is necessary for children; too much too soon may actually result in some form of breakdown.Number SixWhy are manners important in our daily life? Give an example.Good manners are very important in our daily life. Talking of manners, we always consider that how people manners in dailylife reflects a person's quality and accomplishment. There is no denying that Good manners are significant requirements in our interpersonal communication.To begin with,Good manners can make people happy. For example, you are waiting in line to buy a train tic ket. If someone suddenly jumps the queue, you will surely be angry with him.What’s more, good manners can help to bring people a healthier environment. Another case id that, if we litter everywhere, how can we have a healthy life? Just as the CCTV public service ads said, “Promote Civility and then Create a Favorable Social Environment”(讲文明树新风) Above all, good manners can help us to succeed more easily. If you are friendly to others, ev erything will go well. On the other hand, if you are rude to others, there will be a lot of trouble in your life.Number SevenWhat is the main idea of the book Essay on the Principle of population?课本p206Number EightWhat is the new venture in the study of happiness?Talking of the new venture in the study of happiness, I consider the real better understanding of happiness within the mind surly counts. Large numbers of people are focus on only the external conditions, which is regards as the venture.When it comes to happy, it’s seen that happiness is everywhere. Have a large laugh, get physical, treat yourself or do what you want every day makes people feel fulfilled, engage and meaningfully happy. Besides, as the saying goes, helping others is the source of happiness.Everyone wants to be happy and no one wants to suffer, but very few people understand the real causes of happiness and suffering, which is the real venture. We tend to look for happiness outside ourselves, thinking that if we had the right house, the right car, the right job, and the right friends we would be truly happy. We spend almost all our time adjusting the external world, trying to make it conform to our wishes. All our life we have tried to surround ourselves with people and things that make us feel comfortable, secure, or stimulated, yet still we have not found pure and lasting happiness.However, it is time we sought happiness from a different source. Happiness is a state of mind, so the real source of happiness must lie within the mind, not in external conditions. If our mind is pure and peaceful we shall be happy, regardless of our external circumstances.Above all, if we are impure and unpeaceful, we could never be truly happy, no matter how hard we try to change our external conditions. Consequently, we could change our home or our partner countless times, but until we change our restless, discontented mind we shall never find true happiness, which is the new venture we need to overcome in the process of pursuing happiness.。
北科大英语学试题及答案
北科大英语学试题及答案一、词汇与语法（共20分）1. The new policy will come into _______ next month.A. effectB. useC. serviceD. operation答案：A2. The teacher asked the students to _______ the sentences into English.A. translateB. transformC. convertD. transfer答案：A3. Despite his poor health, he managed to finish the project on _______.A. timeB. scheduleC. dateD. deadline答案：D4. The company has decided to _______ the price of its products.A. reduceB. decreaseC. lowerD. cut答案：C5. She is always the first to arrive at the office and thelast to _______.A. leaveB. goC. departD. exit答案：A二、阅读理解（共30分）Passage 1In recent years, the use of social media has become increasingly popular among young people. It has changed the way they communicate and interact with each other. Social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter have provided new opportunities for self-expression and connection. However, there are also concerns about the impact of social media on mental health and privacy.Questions:6. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The popularity of social mediaB. The impact of social media on mental healthC. The benefits of social media for young peopleD. The concerns about social media答案：A7. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a social media platform in the passage?A. FacebookB. InstagramC. LinkedInD. Twitter答案：CPassage 2The importance of a healthy diet cannot be overstated. A balanced diet is essential for maintaining good health and preventing diseases. It is recommended that individuals consume a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. Additionally, staying hydrated by drinking plenty of water is crucial for overall well-being.Questions:8. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To emphasize the importance of a healthy dietB. To provide a list of recommended foodsC. To discuss the benefits of staying hydratedD. To explain the consequences of an unhealthy diet答案：A9. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT part of a balanced diet?A. FruitsB. VegetablesC. Fast foodD. Whole grains答案：C三、完形填空（共20分）In today's fast-paced world, it is more important than ever to manage our time effectively. Effective time management can lead to increased productivity, reduced stress, and a better work-life balance. To achieve this, it is essential to set clear goals, prioritize tasks, and avoid procrastination.10. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of time managementB. The causes of stressC. The benefits of a work-life balanceD. The drawbacks of procrastination答案：A11. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a strategy for effective time management?A. Setting clear goalsB. Prioritizing tasksC. ProcrastinatingD. Avoiding procrastination答案：C四、翻译（共30分）12. 随着科技的发展，我们的生活变得越来越便利。
北京科技大学2011年研究生考试真题-247英语(二外)
北京科技大学2011年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题============================================================================================================= 试题编号： 247 试题名称：英语(二外) （共9页）适用专业：外国语言文学说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。
=============================================================================================================Part I Vocabulary (10 points, 0.5 point each)Section A (5 points)Directions: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1. That part of the city has long been ________ for its street violence.A) notorious C) historicalB) responsible D) illegal2. The detective and his assistant have begun to ________ the mysterious murder.A) come through C) make overB) look into D) see to3. No one can function properly if they are ________ of adequate sleep.A) stripped C) deprivedB) ripped D) contrived4. Cultural ________ indicates that human beings hand their languages down from one generationto another.A) translation C) transmissionB) transition D) transaction5. The little girl was ________ by the death of her dog since her affection for the pet had been realand deep.A) sustained C) oppressedB) suppressed D) grieved6. A visitor to a museum today would notice ________ changes in the way museums are operated.A) cognitive C) rigorousB) conspicuous D) exclusive7. If you treat a child with consistent care and kindness you are bound to get some trust andaffection in ________.A) reply C) regardB) respect D) response8. All of us know that every time she tried to argue with her husband, Mrs. Brown ______ cryingher eyes out.A) looked up C) took upB) picked up D) ended up9. Many ecologists believe that lots of major species in the world are on the ________ ofextinction.A) fringe C) vergeB) margin D) border10. Although she’s a(n) ________ talented dancer, she still practices several hours every day.A) traditionally C) exceptionallyB) additionally D) rationallySections B (5 points)Directions:There are 10 questions in this part. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.11. Mary is enormously fond of literature in all its diverse forms.A) poetic C) variedB) superficial D) contemporary12. It is often the case that some superficially unrelated events turn out to be linked in someaspects.A) practically C) beneficiallyB) wonderfully D) seemingly13. It stands to reason to say that a girl takes after her father while a son his mother.A) looks after C) learns fromB) cares for D) looks like14. South Carolina’s mineral resources are abundant, but not all of them can be lucratively mined.A) profitably C) convenientlyB) safely D) extensively15. The Red Cross’s primary concern is to preserve and protect human life.A) sole C) mainB) only D) brief16. The doctor keeps his patients’ health records confidential; only his nurse and the patient cansee them.A) provincial C) secretB) hazardous D) abstruse17. There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when a previous record of performance issurpassed.A) matched C) maintainedB) exceeded D) announced18. He has no incentive to make permanent improvement in spoken English.A) ability C) opportunityB) knowledge D) motive19. Don’t meddle in my affairs, and in fact I can handle them properly by myself.A) interfere C) involveB) interest D) attend20. The rosemary plant is an emblem of fidelity and remembrance.A) thoughtfulness C) tendernessB) faithfulness D) happinessPart II Cloze (10 points, 0.5 point each)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet..The United States is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time. __21__ these wide modern Roads are generally __22__ and well maintained, with __23__ sharp curves and many straight __24__, a direct route is not always the most __25__ one. Large highways often pass __26__ scenic areas and interesting small towns. Furthermore, these highways generally __27__ large urban centers which means that they become crowded with __28__ traffic during rush hours, __29__ the “fast, direct” way becomes a very slow route.However, there is __30__ always another route to take __31__ you are not in a hurry. Not far from the __32__ new “superhighways”, there are often older, __33__ heavily traveled roads which go through the countryside. __34__ of these are good two-lane roads; others are uneven roads __35__ through the country. These secondary routes may go up steep slopes, along high __36__, or down frightening hillsides to towns __37__ in deep valleys. Through these less direct routes, longer and slower, they generally go to places __38__ the air is clean and the scenery is beautiful, and the driver may have a __39__ to get a fresh, clean __40__ of the world.21. A) Although B) Because C) Since D) Therefore22. A) stable B) splendid C) smooth D) complicated23. A) little B) few C) much D) many24. A) selections B) separations C) series D) sections25. A) terrible B) possible C) enjoyable D) profitable26. A) to B) into C) over D) by27. A) lead B) connect C) collect D) communicate28. A) large B) fast C) light D) heavy29. A) when B) for C) but D) that30. A) yet B) still C) almost D) quite31. A) unless B) if C) as D) since32. A) relatively B) regularly C) respectively D) reasonably33. A) and B) less C) more D) or34. A) All B) Several C) Lots D) Or35. A) driving B) crossing C) curving D) traveling36. A) rocks B) cliffs C) roads D) paths37. A) lying B) laying C) laid D) lied38. A) there B) when C) which D) where39. A) space B) period C) chance D) spot40. A) view B) variety C) visit D) virtuePart III Reading Comprehension (40points, 2points each)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Passage OneQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming (把…按能力分班) pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work: it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.41. In the passage the author’s attitude towards “mixed-ability teaching” is ________.A) critical C) approvingB) questioning D) objective42. By “held back” (Line 1) the author means “________”A) made to remain in the same classes C) drawn to their studiesB) forced to study I the lower classes D) prevented from advancing43. The author argues that a teacher’s chief concern should be the development of the student’s________.A) personal qualities and social skills C) learning ability and communicative skillsB) total personality D) intellectual ability44. Which of the following is NOT MENTIONED in the third paragraph?A) Group work gives pupils the opportunity to learn to work together with other.B) Pupils also learn to develop their reasoning abilities.C) Group work provides pupils with the opportunity to learn to be capable organizers.D) Pupils also learn how to participate in teaching activities.45. The author’s purpose in writing this passage is to ________.A) argue for teaching bright and not-so-bright pupils in the same classB) recommend pair work and group work for classroom activitiesC) offer advice on the proper use of the libraryD) emphasize the importance of appropriate formal classroom teachingPassage TwoQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective word of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions ofauthority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.46. Normally a student would at least attend ________ classes each week.A) 36 B) 20 C) 12 D) 1547. According to the first paragraph an American student is allowed ________.A) to live in a different universityB) to take a particular course in a different universityC) to live at home and drive to classesD) to get two degrees from two different universities48. American university students are usually under pressure of work because ________.A) their academic performance will affect their future careersB) they are heavily involved in student affairsC) they have to observe university disciplineD) they want to run for positions of authority49. Some students are enthusiastic for positions in student organizations probably because________.A) they hate the constant pressure strain of their studyB) they will then be able to stay longer in the universityC) such positions help them get better jobsD) such positions are usually well paid50. The student organizations seem to be effective in ________.A) dealing with the academic affairs of the universityB) ensuring that the students observe university regulationsC) evaluating students’ performance by bringing them before a courtD) keeping up the students’ enthusiasm for social activitiesPassage ThreeQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Suppose we build a robot to explore the planet Mars. We provide the robot with seeing detectors to keep it away from danger. It is powered entirely by the sun. Should we program the robot to be equally active at all times? No. The robot would be using up energy at a time when it was not receiving any. So we would probably program it to cease its activity at night and to wake up at dawn the next morning.According to the evolutionary theory of sleep, evolution equipped us with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking for the same reason. The theory does not deny that sleep provides some important restorative functions. It merely says that evolution has programmed us to perform those functions at a time when activity would be inefficient and possibly dangerous. However, sleep protects us only from the sort of trouble we might walk into; it does not protect us from trouble that comes looking for us. So we sleep well when we are in familiar, safe place, but we sleep lightly, if at all, when we fear that bears will nose into the tent.The evolutionary theory accounts well for differences in sleep among creatures. Why do cats, for instance, sleep so much, while horses sleep so little? Surely cats do not need five times as much repair and restoration as horses do. But cats can afford to have long periods of inactivity because they spend little time eating and are unlikely to be attacked while they sleep. Horses must spend almost all their waking hours eating, because what they eat is very low in energy value. Moreover, they cannot afford to sleep too long or too deeply, because their survival depends on their ability to run away from attackers.51. The author uses the example of the robot in space exploration to tell us ________.A) the differences between robots and menB) the reason why men need to sleepC) about the need for robots to save powerD) about the danger of men working at night52. Evolution has programmed man to sleep at night chiefly to help him ________.A) maintain a regular pattern of lifeB) prevent trouble that comes looking for himC) avoid danger and inefficient laborD) restore his bodily functions53. According to the author, we cannot sleep well when we ________.A) are worrying about our safetyB) are overworkedC) are in a tentD) are away from home54. Cats sleep much more than horses do partly because cats ________.A) need more time for restorationB) are unlikely to be attackersC) are more active than horses when they are awakeD) spend less time eating to get enough energy55. Which of the following is the main idea of the passage? ________.A) Evolution has equipped all creatures with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking.B) The study of sleep is an important part of the evolutionary theory.C) Sleeping patterns must be taken into consideration in the designing of robots.D) The sleeping pattern of a living creature is determined by the food it eatPassage FourQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Cars account for half the oil consumed in the U.S., about half the urban pollution and one fourth the greenhouse gases. They take a similar toll of (损耗) resources in other industrial nations and in the cities of the developing world. As vehicle use continues to increase in the comingdecade, the U.S. and other countries will have to deal with these issues or else face unacceptable economic, health-related and political costs. It is unlikely that oil prices will remain at their current low level or that other nations will accept a large and growing U.S. contribution to global climatic change.Policymakers and industry have four options: reduce vehicle use, increase the efficiency and reduce the emissions of conventional gasoline-powered vehicles, switch to less harmful fuels, or find less polluting driving systems. The last of these—in particular the introduction of vehicles powered by electricity—is ultimately the only sustainable option. The other alternatives are attractive in theory but in practice are either impractical or offer only marginal improvements. For example, reduced vehicle use could solve traffic problems and a host of social and environmental problems, but evidence from around the world suggests that it is very difficult to make people give up their cars to any significant extent. In the U.S., mass-transit ridership and carpooling (合伙用车) have declined since World War II. Even in Western Europe, with fuel prices averaging more than $1 a liter (about $4 a gallon) and with easily accessible mass transit and dense populations, cars still account for 80 percent of all passenger travel.Improved energy efficiency is also appealing, but automotive fuel economy has barely made any progress in 10 years. Alternative fuels such as natural gas, burned in internal-combustion engines, could be introduced at relatively low cost, but they would lead to only marginal reductions in pollution and greenhouse emissions (especially because oil companies are already spending billions of dollars every year to develop less polluting types of gasoline).56. From the passage we know that the increased use of cars will ________.A) consume half of the oil produced in the worldB) have serious consequences for the well-being of all nationsC) widen the gap between the developed and developing countriesD) impose an intolerable economic burden on residents of large cities57. The U.S. has to deal with the problems arising from vehicle use because ________.A) most Americans are reluctant to switch to public transportation systemsB) the present level of oil prices is considered unacceptableC) other countries will protest its increasing greenhouse emissionsD) it should take a lead in conserving natural resources58. Which of the following is the best solution to the problems mentioned in the passage?A) The designing of highly efficient car engines.B) A reduction of vehicle use in cities.C) The development of electric cars.D) The use of less polluting fuels.59. Which of the following is practical but only makes a marginal contribution to solving theproblem of greenhouse emissions?A) The use of fuels other than gasoline.B) Improved energy efficiency.C) The introduction of less polluting driving systems.D) Reducing car use by carpooling.60. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A) The decline of public transportation accounts for increased car use in Western Europe.B) Cars are popular in Western Europe even though fuel prices are fairly high.C) The reduction of vehicle use is the only sustainable option in densely populated WesternEurope.D) Western European oil companies cannot sustain the cost of developing new-type fuels.Part IV Translation (20 points)Section A (10 points)Directions: Put the following paragraph into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on the Answer Sheet.Whether you die at a young age or when you are older is less important than whether you have fully lived the years you had. One person may live more in eighteen years than another does in eighty. By living, we do not mean frantically accumulating a range and quantity of experience valued in fantasy by others. Rather, we mean living each day as if it is the only one you have. We mean finding a sense of peace and strength to deal with life’s disappointments and pain while always striving to discover vehicles to increase and sustain the joys and delights of life.Section B (10 points)Directions: Put the following paragraph into English. Write your English version in the proper space on the Answer Sheet.当代人最渴望的是安全感。
北京科技大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2013年.doc
北京科技大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2013年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、英汉互译短语翻译(总题数：15，分数：30.00)1.Producer Price Index (PPI)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.cap and trade（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.middle income trap（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.electoral college（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.glass ceiling（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.Engle Coefficient（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.停火协议（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.摇摆州（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.单位国内生产总值能源消耗（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 11.扩大内需（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 12.高速铁路（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 13.转变经济发展方式（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 14.资源节约型、环境友好型社会（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 15.循环经济（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________二、将下列段落译为汉语(总题数：1，分数：25.00)16.As China"s economy has boomed over the past 30 years, the number of young people going into private business has grown accordingly. "Diving into the sea" of commerce, or xia hai as it is known, became accepted as the way to make money and get ahead, and interest in government jobs declined. Over the past decade, though, in an extraordinary reversal, young jobseekers have been applying in droves for government posts, even as the economy has quadrupled in size.On November 25th the national civil-service examinations will take place, and about 1.4m people will sit them, 20 times more than a decade ago. Of that number, only 20, 800 will be hired by government (millions more sit the equivalent provincial exams with similarly long odds of being hired). This increase is due in part to a surge in the number of university students entering an intensely competitive market for jobs—nearly 7m graduated this year, compared with 1.5m a decade ago. It is also thanks to health, pension and (sometimes) housing benefits, which are seen as generous and permanent in a society with an underfunded safety net—a modern version of the unbreakable Maoist "iron rice-bowl" of state employment.（分数：25.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________三、将下列短文译为汉语(总题数：1，分数：35.00)17.China has long fretted that it lacks a great modern literary voice with international appeal. In 1917 Chen Duxiu, an influential intellectual and later founding member of the Communist Party, asked: "Pray, where is our Chinese Hugo, Zola, Goethe, Hauptmann, Dickens or Wilde?" In recent years this has developed into a full-blown "Nobel Complex". For a period in the 1980s the quest for a Nobel Prize in literature was made official policy by the party, eager for validation of its growing power and cultural clout.Now, at last, the Chinese have something to crow about. On October 11th Mo Yan, a Chinese writer, won the 2012 prize. The Nobel committee lauded what it called the "hallucinatory realism" of his works, which mix surreal plots with folk tales and modern history.Mr. Mo writes within a system of state censorship. He is widely read and respected within China. He is also a Communist Party member and vice-chairman of the state-run China Writers" Association. When the Nobel award was announced, Chinese television channels interrupted their programming to announce the news. Thousands of China"s microbloggers congratulated Mr. Mo. A publisher under the Ministry of Education says it was already planning to include a Mo Yan novella in a school textbook.（分数：35.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________四、将下列段落译为英语(总题数：1，分数：25.00)18.欧洲应对欧债问题走在正确的道路上，当前关键是把各项政策措施落到实处。
2014年北京科技大学翻译硕士英语笔译考研真题及答案
育明教育孙老师整理，来育明教育赠送资料，更多真题可咨询孙
老师。
育明教育考研专业课第一品牌，考研信息可咨询育明教育官网
3
育明教育孙老师解读：翻译硕士报考院校选择 遵循原则
随着现阶段的专业硕士越来越受欢迎，以及就业趋势的引导，翻译专业硕士愈加受欢迎。今天，就 为想要报考翻译硕士的同学解析一下翻译硕士的择校问题。
北京科技大学211翻译硕士英语2011-2014年(含答案解析)考研真题试卷
北京科技大学2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题=============================================================================================================试题编号：211试题名称：翻译硕士英语（共12页）适用专业：翻译说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。
=============================================================================================================I.Vocabulary and Structure(30points,1point each,60minutes) Directions:Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C,or D.Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.Write your answers on the answer sheet.1.It was nearly always organized by the government,although some club membersacted_______their own initiative.A.byB.onC.withD.in2.He redesigned the process,thereby________the company thousands of dollars.A.savingB.to saveC.savedD.save3.Modern bodies are especially______to cancer,because technology produceswaste that inhibits their proper functioning.A.relevantB.invulnerableC.proneD.attractive4.Some of his plans were impractical and________good for his work,but he neverwavered in what he considered just.A.too muchB.much tooC.so muchD.much so5.Supporters praised the action as a speedy and judicious solution,but criticscondemned it as______and unfairly influenced by recent events.A.delayedB.indisposedC.hastyD.imperious6.It is odd that a person’s worth is measured by his wealth,______instead people’scharacter should be measured by their value to society.A.whileB.soC.becauseD.when7.During the17th century many artists became involved in color theory and______painting for enlightenment.A.looked up toB.looked outC.looked onD.looked to1。
研究生公共英语慕课北京科技大学答案
研究生公共英语慕课北京科技大学答案1、77．You can watch TV when you finish________ your homework. [单选题] *A．to doB．doC．to doingD．doing(正确答案)2、_________ we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone. [单选题] *A.AlthoughB.WhileC.If(正确答案)D.Until3、97．Go ______ the square and you will find the theatre. [单选题] *A．aboveB．atC．across(正确答案)D．on4、( ) _____ New York _____ London have traffic problems. [单选题] *A. All…andB. Neither….norC. Both…and(正确答案)D. Either…or5、--All of you have passed the test!--_______ pleasant news you have told us! [单选题] *A. HowB. How aC. What(正确答案)D. What a6、Whatever difficulties you have, you should not _______ your hope. [单选题] *A. give inB. give outC. give up(正确答案)D. give back7、-We’ve spent too much money recently–well,it isn’t surprising. Our friend and relatives_______around all the time [单选题] *ingB. had comeC. were comingD have been coming(正确答案)8、John is fond of playing _____ basketball and Jack is keen on playing _____ piano. [单选题] * A．/…the(正确答案)B．the…/C．/…/D．the…the9、46．The pants look cool.You can ________. [单选题] *A．try it onB．try on itC．try them on(正确答案)D．try on them10、Many young people like to _______ at weekends. [单选题] *A. eat out(正确答案)B. eat upC. eat onD. eat with11、What surprised me ______ was that he succeeded. [单选题] *A. most(正确答案)B. mostlyC. almostD. at most12、I haven’t met him _____ the last committee meeting. [单选题] *A. forB. since(正确答案)C. atD. before13、Our teacher suggested that each of us _____ a study plan for the tong summer vacation. [单选题] *A. make(正确答案)B. madeC. will makeD. would make14、The trouble turned out to have nothing to do with them. [单选题] *A. 由…引发的B. 与…有牵连C. 给…带来麻烦D. 与…不相干(正确答案)15、91．—Do you live in front of the big supermarket?—No. I live ________ the supermarket ________ the post office. [单选题] *A．across; fromB．next; toC．between; and(正确答案)D．near; to16、The early Americans wanted the King to respect their rights. [单选题] *A. 统治B. 满足C. 尊重(正确答案)D. 知道17、_____ of the teachers in this district are women teachers. [单选题] *A. Four fifthB. Four fifths(正确答案)C. Fourth fifthsD. Four five18、48．—________ is your new skirt, Lingling?—Black. [单选题] *A．HowB．What colour(正确答案)C．WhichD．Why19、He was very excited to read the news _____ Mo Yan had won the Nobel Prize for literature [单选题] *A. whichB. whatC. howD. that(正确答案)20、_____ whether robots will one day have vision as good as human vision. [单选题] *A. What is not yet knownB. It is not yet known(正确答案)C. As is not yet knownD. This is not yet known21、The little girl held _____ in her hand. [单选题] *A. five breadsB. five piece of breadsC. five piece of breadD. five pieces of bread(正确答案)22、Don’t read in bed. It’s _______ your eyes. [单选题] *A. good atB. good forC. bad atD. bad for(正确答案)23、The bookstore is far away. You’d better _______ the subway. [单选题] *A. sitB. take(正确答案)C. missD. get24、I paid him 50 dollars for the painting, but its real（）must be about 500 dollars. [单选题] *A. feeB. value(正确答案)C. priceD. fare25、—Where are you going, Tom? —To Bill's workshop. The engine of my car needs _____. [单选题] *A. repairing(正确答案)B. repairedC. repairD. to repair26、My sister _______ listen to music when she was doing her homework．[单选题] *A. used to(正确答案)B. use toC. is used toD. uses to27、I?have to?_______ my younger brother on Sunday. [单选题] *A. look after(正确答案)B. look upC. take careD. look out28、We sent our children to school to prepare them for the time _____ they will have to work for themselves. [单选题] *A. thatB. when(正确答案)C. whileD. as29、55．There is a ________ on in the bookshop. Let's go to buy some books. [单选题] *A．movieB．matchC．sale(正确答案)D．concert30、It’s very hot. Please _______ your coat. [单选题] *A. look afterB. take off(正确答案)C. take onD. put on。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
How do you define success? What do you think are the important factors that lead to one’s success?From my perspective, people's definitions for success are different, as p eople’s hopes and ideas vary from one another. For example, someone regards perfect career or happy family as success, while others consider good interpersonal relationship as success. .I think that success is not fame. And it's not money or power. It is to achieve the objectives one has set. Success is really a feeling that can be said is a positive feeling , it is a state ofself-confidence and a satisfied feeling that after people reach their ideal.I don’t believe that there is anyone recipe for success. Instead , I believe success is the result of a combination of a lot of different factors and not all of them are needed for success.First , Clear goals and planning lead you to success. Without them no great achievements can come about. Think about your definition of success exactly is, then identify some of the things that need to be done to help you move towards it.Second, you must make best use of limited time to learn unlimited knowledge. A strong body of knowledge about the area in which you wish to succeed is often one of the key building blocks of success. You can build this by pushing yourself read and try out the foundational materials and push yourself into challenging areas to build your knowledge.Finally, you must work hard and get prepared to meet opportunities as they duly arrive. You don’t become a champion without practicing everyday. If you want to succeed in a certain area, work hard in that area and go beyond what others are doing.I am also sure every success leads to an ever brighter future. So we should believe in our hopes, believe in ourselves. Everyone of us , can make a successful life.What is low carbon lifestyle? How can we live a low carbon life?Low-carbon life means a kind of life style that people do their best to reduce energy consumption and carbon greenhouse gas emissions, especially refers to the carbon dioxide.Firstly, we should recognize that low-carbon life is not only a kind of lifestyle but also life attitude and one kind of life manner.For everyone of us have an obligation to protect the environment. So we need to try our best to protect the environment, and construct a better and harmonious conditions between human beings and nature.Secondly, we should develop a good habit of low-carbon life in our daily lives.We can do from the little things around us , save every drop of water , each unit of electronic , and each one food. Have a habit of recycling the old battery, using energy-saving bulbs and turning off the power socket timely. Say no to disposable chopsticks and disposable lunch box . When we are going shopping, cloth bags and shopping basket instead of plastic bags is a wise choice. When we are travelling, we’d better choose the bicycles, bus, and subway instead of motorcar.Besides, now appears a lot of new energy, such as wind power, solar power, nuclear power, and tidal power. The application of new resources will help to conserve the Earth's non-renewableresources.Moreover, we should try our best to call for people around us to take part in the low carbon lifestyle, informing them that living a low carbon life not only can reduce emissions, make our own contributions to our city, but also do good to ourselves, including keeping us healthy, set examples for future generations, and so on.What do you think are good manners? And what is the significance of good manner in today’s modern society?In modern life, more and more people began to pay attention to their manners.The definition of good manners is varies from person to person. Personally, good manners are your appropriate behaviors about which others feel comfortable. For example, a person with good manners is always agreeable companion, because he is always thinking of others and respect others. He will not push through a crowd, but wait quietly for his turn to advance.In most situations, what the good manners need is good moral characters such as any time and any where’s assistance and essential honesty as well as suitable behavior such as no smoking in public and be quiet in classroom. To have a good hygiene, to greet people, to be polite and to respect elderly people are some good manners.Good manners are not the exceptionally great deeds but they can tell that the person who possesses them is a man of highest standards.In my view, the significance meaning of good manners is not only the embodiment of good characters and civilization, but also the essential method to maintain a smooth social contact for everyone. Good manners are very significant in today’s modern society. It can help you grasp one’s eyes who will be important for you in your career and get other’s respect of you.What do you think are the rewards and risks of plastic surgery? And would you like to take any of them?We can often see many beautiful lady on the television , Internet or around us. But her beauty may not be the first natural beauty. Because plastic surgery is not a rare thing now.Plastic surgery can enhance your image. Having a better self-image can give you confidence. Maybe you can find better opportunities at work and in marriage. I think another advantage of plastic surgery is able to correct physical defects.But plastic surgery have many unpredictable risks. Firstly, it costs too much. Secondly, it is likely to fail. Once it failed, it can no longer be recovered. More seriously, it may cause death.However, I would not be willing to take any of them. In my opinion, what god gave you, you should love and know that you are a beautiful person no matter what. We can get what we want by improving our inner qualities, such as our personality and ability, and there is no need to endure the pains and economic loss of a plastic surgery. Meanwhile, going under the knife is a nightmare to me. Plastic surgery may have lost some of its stigma, but that doesn’t mean the risks have vanished too. The biggest obstacle for me to accept plastic surgery is that I will think that is not the most real me if I take any of them. So I would not like to take any of them at all.What are the major things that make you feel happy now? And do you think we can learn some happiness skills to boost our happiness level?In my daily life, I have rarely encountered a big surprise, but many small things make me feelhappy, too. When I am in trouble at school, my friends will help me. When I study hard at my lessons, my parents are always taking good care of my life and health. When I do something wrong, people around me will help me to correct it. And when I do something good to others, I will feel happy, too. In a word, all these make me feel happy.I think there are some skills that can boost our happiness level.First, having a good mood anytime and anywhere is very important. There is an old saying going like this. “happy is he who is content”. I can’t agree with it any more.Second, spend more time with your friends and family. When you share your happiness and unhappiness with them, they will share theirs in turn. In this process you may find many interest things that you have never experienced. They can also give you a warm and pleased place to relax your heart.Third, do something with challenge. When you get over the obstacle in front of you and get some success, you may find that is very exciting.。