试题二答案

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2023 年4月自考英语二试题及答案

2023年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试题（课程代码00015）本试卷共8页。

满分100分，考试时间150分钟。

考生答题注意事项：1.本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。

答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。

2.第一、二部分在“选择题答题区”作答。

必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡的相应代码涂黑。

3.第三、七部分在“非选择题答题区”作答。

必须注明大、小题号，使用0.5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。

4.合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。

第一部分：阅读判断（第1~10题，每题1分，共10分）下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。

在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。

Why Dogs Bury Their Favorite BonesYou may find it crazy that your dog buries his favorite bone or chew toy, only to dig it up a day or two later, but there is actually a reason behind it-it is simply in their nature. For thousands of years, dogs have buried their bones. The practice itself started long before dogs were even pets when they had to bury bones to survive.When dogs lived in the wild, sometimes food was scarce. If they were able to find food dogs became very protective of it. Sometimes they would have more bones than they could eat for one meal. To keep other dogs and animals from stealing their bones, dogs would bury them in the ground. When it was time for the next meal, they would dig up their bones and enjoy them again. This would continue until the bones were gone.Even though most dogs have plenty of food to eat today, their instincts still tell them to bury their bones and favorite toys. They do this to keep other dogs and animals from stealing them, just like their ancestors did. Some dogs keep at least two bones buried at once. When they want to dig up one, they will by one more. This may leave a backyard full of holes and bones.How do dogs decide where to buy their bones? A dog cannot buy a bone just anywhere. He must first find the perfect spot. This involves using his nose to find a spot that is free from other dogs and animals. Often it is near a tree or a large rock, but it could be anywhere in the yard. Once the dog finds the perfect spot, he uses his front paws to dig a hole drops the bone in and covers up the hole to protect his treasure.1. Dogs bury their favorite bones or chew toys by nature.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given2. Dogs started to bury their bones when they became pets.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given3. Dogs in the wild occasionally had enough food.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given4. Dogs would bury their extra food for their babies.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given5. Animals would start a fierce fight over food in ancient times.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given6. Some dogs tend to store up more than one bone at the same timeA. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given7. The backyard of a dog owner may be full of holes dug by his dog.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given8. Dogs often bury their bones far away from trees.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given9. Dogs use their paws to find spots for buying bones.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given10. Dogs bury more bones than chew toys.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given第二部分：阅读选择（第11~15题，每题2分，共10分）阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出1个最佳选项，并在答题卡相应位置上将该项涂黑。

英语二试题及答案

英语二试题及答案一、听力理解（共20分）1. A) What is the man going to do?A. Go to the library.B. Go to the cinema.C. Go to the concert.D. Go to the museum.B) What does the woman suggest?A. Going to the beach.B. Going to the park.C. Going to the restaurant.D. Going to the theater.[答案] 1. A 2. B二、阅读理解（共30分）A.根据文章内容，回答以下问题：1. What is the main idea of the passage?2. Why does the author think that reading is important?3. What are the benefits of reading according to the passage?[答案]1. The main idea is that reading is a valuable habit.2. The author believes reading is important because it can broaden one's horizons.3. The benefits include gaining knowledge, improving languageskills, and enhancing imagination.B.Read the following text and answer the questions:1. What is the text mainly about?2. What does the author suggest for dealing with stress?3. How can exercise help in reducing stress?[答案]1. The text is mainly about the effects of stress on health.2. The author suggests relaxation techniques and proper time management as ways to deal with stress.3. Exercise can help reduce stress by releasing endorphins and providing a healthy outlet for tension.三、完形填空（共20分）[文章略]1. The word that best fits the blank is ______.2. The correct phrase to complete the sentence is ______.3. The appropriate conjunction to use here is ______.[答案]1. opportunity2. make a difference3. however四、翻译（共15分）1. 请将下列句子从中文翻译成英文：- 他每天花很多时间学习英语。

三级安全教育培训试题二(答案)

德品通电子公司级安全教育培训试题姓名车间班组成绩一、判断题（共25分每题1分）1、火灾发生后，如果逃生之路已被切断，应退回室内、关闭通往燃烧房间的门窗，并向门窗上泼水延缓火势发展，同时打开未受烟火威胁的窗户，发出求救信号。

(∨)2、火灾使人致命的最主要原因是被人践踏。

(×)3、运转中的机械设备对人的伤害方式主要有撞伤、压伤、轧伤、卷缠等。

(∨)4、机器保护罩的主要作用是使机器较为美观。

(×)5、工人操作机械时穿着的“三紧”工作服是指袖口紧、领口紧、下摆紧。

(∨)6、119、110、120、122都是报警电话。

(∨)7、起重机司机可以倾斜吊运物体。

(×)8、正确配戴和使用个人安全防护用品、用具，是保证劳动者安全与健康的一种防护措施。

(∨)9、工人安全帽和摩托车头盔可以通用。

(×)10、安全帽的主要作用是为了防止物料下落击中头部及行进中碰撞突出物而受伤。

(∨)11、使用电钻或手持电动工具时必须戴绝缘手套，可以不穿绝缘鞋。

(×)12、劳动保护就是为了保护劳动者在生产过程中的安全和健康。

（∨）13、能自动消除危险因素，避免事故发生的装置叫保险装置。

（∨）14、使用手持电动工具时，必须戴好绝缘手套。

（∨）15、焊工在作业区周围有易燃、易爆物品未清除干净时可以先焊割。

（×）16、使用梯子时、应有防滑措施、踏步应牢固无裂缝。

（∨）17、泡沫灭火器可用于电气设备火灾的灭火。

（×）18、上下交叉作业有危险的出入口不必设防护棚。

（×）19、严格执行操作规程，不得违章指挥和违章作业；对违章作业的指令有权拒绝，并有责任制止他人违章作业。

（∨）20、对于违章指挥、强令或亲自冒险操作，造成伤亡事故的，相应及以上负责人不用负责。

（×）21、安全管理的重点是对事故的调查。

（×）22、《安全生产法》规定：生产经营单位的从业人员不服从管理，违反安全生产规章制度或者操作规程的，由生产经营单位给予批评教育，依照有关规章制度给予处分；造成重大事故，构成犯罪的，依照刑法有关规定追究刑事责任。

质量体系宣贯试题二(含参考答案)

质量体系宣贯试题二（考试时间：年月日）部门：科室：姓名：一、判断题1. 本检验所只使用正式人员，无合同制人员。

（×）正确：本检验所应使用正式人员或合同制人员2. 本所对用于检测的设施、环境的提供配置应满足相关法规及技术标准的要求（√）3. 对于影响工作质量和安全的区域和设施应有相应的明确标识（√）4. 本所建立了《环境保护程序》，具体相应的设施和设备，确保废气、废液、固体废弃物等处理符合环境保护和健康的要求，并有相应的应急处理措施。

（√）5. 本所采用的检验方法均为国家、行业、地方颁布的方法，并编制了相应的作业指导书保证检验工作的顺利进行。

（√）6. 脱离实验室控制的仪器返回后，应对该设备进行运行状态检查，以证实其能够满足规定标准要求。

（√）7. 仪器设备由一般的检测人员操作，并按相应的作业指导书操作（×）。

正确：仪器设备应由经过授权的检测人员操作，对检测设备实施维护和操作应使用最新版本的作业指导书8. 完成检测的样品由检测人员清理出现场，有留样要求时，移交留样室管理。

（√）9. 本所为保证客观、准确、清晰、完整地出具检测报告，且保证所编制的检测报告包含足够信息满足客户、检测方法和说明检测结果所必须的要求，制定了《结果报告管理程序》使结果报告得到有效控制。

（√）10. 检测报告发放后，如发现有误需要修改时，及时修改符合要求的报告即可发放。

（×）正确：应及时另行安排编制符合要求的检测报告，将有误报告全部收后，方可将修改后的报告办理新的发放手续发放二．选择题1. 本检验所的全部技术人员均建有技术档案，档案包括（ABCD ）。

A. 岗位的相关授权及授权时间B. 技术能力及确认时间C.经历的教育和专业资格D. 具备的技能和工作经历、经验。

E. 专业技术职称2. 检测工作各个环节的责任人包括哪些？（ABDE ）A. 检测人员B. 报告编制人C. 样品登记人D. 审核人E. 授权签字人3. 一般根据（ABCD ），正确配置所需抽样、测量和检测设备及标准物质，并能对设备进行正常的维护。

2024年考研英语二试题及答案：完形填空部分带答案

2024年考研英语二试题及答案：完形填空带答案业务课名称：英语考生须知：1.答案必须写在答题纸上，写在其他纸上无效。

2.答题时必须使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔做答，用其他答题不给分，不得使用涂改液。

Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read fhe jollowing fexr. Choose the best word (s) for eachnumbered blank and mark A B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)You social life is defined as the activities you do with other peoplefor pleasure,when you are not working ,It's important to have a sociallife,but what's right for one person won't be right for another.Some of usfeel energised by spending lots of time with others, 1 ,some of usmay feel drained,even if it's doing something we enjoy.This is why finding a 2in your social life is key.Spending toomuch time on your own,not 3 others,can make you feel lonely and 4Loneliness is known to impart onyour mental health and 5 a lowmood.Anyone can feel lonely at any time.This might be especially true if,6 ,you are working from home and you are 7 on the usual sociaconversations that happen in an office.Other life changes can 8 periodsof loneliness too,such as retirement changing jobs or becoming a parent.It's important to recognise these feelings of loneliness .There are waysto9 a social life,but it can feel overwhelming l0 It's a great ideal tostart by thinking about hobbies you enjoy.You can them find groups andactivities related tothose where you will be able to meet 11 people.There are groups almed at new parents.at those who want to 12 a new sport for the first time,or networking events for those in the sameprofession to meet upand 13ideas.On the other hand, it's 14 possible to have too much of a sociallife. lf you fecl like you're always doing something and there is never any15 in your calendar for downtime, you could suffer social burnout orsocial16. We all have our own social limit and it's important torecongnise when you're feeling like it's all too much. Low mood, lowenergy, irritability and trouble sleeping could all be 17 of poorsocialhealth. Make sure you 18 some time in your diary when you're19for socialising and use this time to relax,20and recover.答案1-5题CBADA答案6-10题CABDA答案11-14题DABC。

2022年度保密教育线上培训考试试题参考答案二

2022年度保密教育线上培训考试部分试题参考答案二单选1.将未经安全技术处理的退出使用的涉密计算机、涉密存储设备（）或者改作其他用途的，依法给予处分；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

正确答案：D.以上都正确2.秘密级文件，除另行规定外，保密期限最长可以确定为（）。

正确答案：B .10年3.某文件为机密级，除另行规定外，该文件保密期限最长可以确定为（）。

正确答案：C.20年4.定密不当不包括以下哪种情况（）。

正确答案：C.按规定标注国家秘密标志的5.关于电话机和传真机的使用，下列说法正确的是（）。

正确答案：B.使用加密传真机传输秘密级信息6.绝密级国家秘密是（）的国家秘密，泄露会使国家安全和利益遭受特别严重的损害。

正确答案：B.最重要7.涉密人员使用普通手机，正确的做法是（）。

正确答案：D.以上都正确8.机关、单位定密的直接依据是（）。

正确答案：C.保密事项范围9.涉密人员是指在（）、涉及国家秘密的单位涉密岗位工作的人员。

正确答案：D.以上都正确10.涉嫌泄露（）以上的，应以故意泄露国家秘密罪立案。

正确答案：C.机密级国家秘密2项（件）11.关于保密检查整改和复查，下列说法错误的是（）。

正确答案：C.对检查中发现存在严重泄密隐患或者发生泄密案件的受检机关、单位，由该机关、单位自行组织复查12.机关、单位对不明确事项应当采取的正确做法是（）。

正确答案：D.先拟定密级、保密期限和知悉范围，采取相应的保密措施，并在规定时间内报有关部门确定13.参加涉外活动一般不得携带涉密载体，确需携带机密级、秘密级涉密载体的，要经（）批准。

正确答案：C.机关、单位主管领导14.可以使用普通手机的情形是（）。

正确答案：D.以上都不是15.关于涉密视频会议的保密管理要求，下列说法正确的是（）。

正确答案：A.会议音视频资料按照涉密载体要求进行管理16.涉密打印机与涉密计算机之间（）。

正确答案：D.不能采用无线连接方式17.泄露军事设施秘密，或者为境外的机构、组织、人员（）军事设施秘密构成犯罪的，可依法追究刑事责任。

旅游英语试题二及答案

旅游英语试题二及答案旅游英语试题二及答案I. Choose the best answer. (10%)1. The Qiaos’ Grand Courtyard has ________ architecture features.A. 4B. 5C. 62. The White Horse Temple is a __________ temple.A. ConfucianB. BuddhistC. Taoist3. Mogao Grottoes was first built by a monk named ________.A. Yue ZunB. Wang YuanluC. Kou Qianzhi4. West Lake is divided into ______ sections by Sudi Causeway and Baiti Causeway.A. 4B. 5C.65. All workers and childless concubines were interred with the dead emperor to__________.A. safeguard the secrets of the mausoleumB. accompamy emperorC. follow the basic principleII. Decide whether the statements are true or false according to what you have learnt. (10%)( ) 1.A guide can play some games in order to keep tourists in high spirits. ( ) 2. The local guide has no responsibility to help the tourists fill in the registration form.( ) 3. In order to draw the tourist’s attention, the itinerar y can introduce the tour title at last.( ) 4. Daytime sightseeing isn’t the most important and crucial part of the entire tour activities.( ) 5. If the tourists suffer from food poisoning, the guide cannot ask the tourists to drink more waterIII. Match each item with the correct description. (10%)A. Match the architecture in Column A with its corresponding region in ColumnB.grand courtyard Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region Hakka’s earth building Shanxi Provincedwelling compounds Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Yurt Shaanxi ProvinceAyiwang Fujian Provincecave dwelling Beijing CityB. Match the mountain in Column A with their reputation in Column B.Pujing Floating Bridge Beam BridgeLuding Iron-chain Bridge Arch BridgeAnping Bridge and Luoyang Bridge Cable Suspension Bridge Zhaozhou Bridge Floating BridgeIV. Translation.(30%)A. From Chinese to English.1. 佛国仙城2. 世界艺术宝库3. 商定行程4. 水资源5. 塑造第一印象B. From English to Chinese.1. China is abundant not only in beautiful natural scenery but also in magnificent culture resources.2. Mausoleums are the most majestic and largest building complexes and make an important part in ancient Chinese architectures.3. There are three types of Buddhism in China, including Mahayana Buddhism, Hinayana Buddhism and Tibetan Buddhism.4. A guide should give the tourists a dynamic on-the-way introduction and focus onthe major places of interests along the way.5. Papercutting, a traditional Chinese art form, was authorized to be the first batch of state-level intangible cultural heritage by the State Council on May 20, 2006.V. List the representative of water resources. (10%)VI. Answer the following questions. (10%)1. How many categories do Chinese tea be divided into? What are they?2. What is folk custom? How do people classify folk customs?VII. Cloze (10%)The tourists s__________ most of their time on p_________ a visit to the natural scenic spots and places of historical interests while l_________ introduction of tour guide.A good local guide r_________ to know how to lead tourist to d_________ andenjoy beauty or contents of the scenery and use the p_________ introduction method to make tourists i_________. Themajor introduction methods are as follows: Method of S_________ Introduction, Method of Q_______ Introduction, Method of Combining Facts and Figments, Method of Introduction with a Focus on Key Events, Method of S_________ Introduction, Method of Analogy Introduction, Method of Introduction of Making the Finishing Point. Usually, the tour guide may introduce one tourist site with several introduction methods.VIII. Writing (10%)Suppose you are a local guide from China Oriental Travel Service, the trip to China is closing to the end Please write a farewell speech on behalf of your Travel Service.试题二答案I. Choose the best answer. (10%)1. A2. B3. A4. B5. AII. Decide whether the statements are true or false according to what you have learnt. (10%)1. T2. F3. F4. F5. FIII. Match each item with the correct description. (10%)A. Match the architecture in Column A with its corresponding region in ColumnB.grand courtyard ----- Shanxi ProvinceHakka’s earth building -----Fujian Provincedwelling compounds -----Beijing CityYurt ----- Inner Mongolian Autonomous RegionAyiwang ----- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regioncave dwelling ----- Shaanxi ProvinceB. Match the bridges in Column A with their categories in Column B.Pujing Floating Bridge -----Floating BridgeLuding Iron-chain Bridge -----Cable Suspension BridgeAnping Bridge and Luoyang Bridge -----Beam BridgeZhaozhou Bridge -----Arch BridgeIV. Translate the following phrases and sentences.(30%)A. From Chinese to English.1. Fairy City of Buddhist Kingdom2. World Treasure House of Art3. discuss itinerary4. water resources5. shape the first impressionB. From English to Chinese.1. 中国不仅自然风光秀美，而且文化资源丰富。

2023考研数学二真题+详解答案解析(超清版)

2023年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学（二）试题及答案考试时间：180分钟，满分：150分一、选择题：1～10小题，每小题5分，共50分，下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合题目要求，请将所选项前的字母填在答题纸指定位置上．（1）曲线1ln()1yx e x =+−的斜渐近线方程为（）（A）y x e =+ （B）1y x e=+（C）y x = （D）1y x e=−【答案】B 【解析】1limlimln()11x x y ke x x →∞→∞==+=−，11lim()lim()lim[ln(]lim [ln(ln ]11x x x x b y kx y x x e x x e e x x →∞→∞→∞→∞=−==−=+−=+−−−111lim ln(1lim (1)(1)x x x x e x e x e→∞→∞=+==−−，所以渐进线方程为1y x e =+，答案为B（2）设0()(1)cos ,0x f x x x x ≤=+>⎩的一个原函数为（）（A）),0()(1)cos sin ,0x x F x x x x x ⎧⎪−≤=⎨+−>⎪⎩（B）)1,0()(1)cos sin ,0x x F x x x x x ⎧⎪−+≤=⎨+−>⎪⎩（C）),0()(1)sin cos ,0x x F x x x x x ⎧⎪+≤=⎨++>⎪⎩（D）)1,0()(1)sin cos ,x x F x x x x x ⎧⎪++≤=⎨++>⎪⎩【答案】D【解析】根据原函数的连续性，可排除（A）（C）；再根据原函数的可导性，可排除选项（B），答案为（D）（3）已知{}n x ，{}n y 满足1112x y ==，1sin n n x x +=，21(1,2,)n n y y n +== ，则当n →∞时（）（A）n x 是n y 的高阶无穷小（B）n y 是n x 的高阶无穷小（C）n x 与n y 是等价无穷小（D）n x 与n y 是同阶但不等价的无穷小【答案】B【解析】由已知可得，{}n x ，{}n y 均单调递减，且12n y ≤，又因为sin x x 在(0,2π上单调递减，故2sin 1x x π<<，所以2sin x x π>，所以21112sin sin 24n n n n nn n n n n ny y y y y y x x x x x ππ++==≤=，依次类推可得，111100()444n nn n n n y y y n x x x πππ++⎛⎫⎛⎫≤≤≤≤=→→∞ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭，故n y 是n x 的高阶无穷小，答案为B （4）若微分方程0y ay by ′′′++=的解在(,)−∞+∞上有界，则（）（A）0,0a b <>（B）0,0a b >>（C）0,0ab =>（D）0,0ab =<【答案】C 【解析】0y ay by ′′′++=的解一共三种情形：①240a b Δ=−>，1212x xy C e C e λλ=+，但此时无论12,λλ取何值，y 在(,)−∞+∞上均无界；②240a b Δ=−=，12()xy C C x eλ=+，但此时无论λ取何值，y 在(,)−∞+∞上均无界；③240a b Δ=−<，12(cos sin )xy e C x C x αββ=+，此时若y 在(,)−∞+∞上有界，则需满足0α=，所以0,0a b =>，答案为（C）（5）设函数()y f x =由2sin x t ty t t⎧=+⎪⎨=⎪⎩确定，则（）（A）()f x 连续，(0)f ′不存在（B）(0)f ′不存在，()f x ′在0x =处不连续（C）()f x ′连续，(0)f ′′不存在（D）(0)f ′′存在，()f x ′′在0x =处不连续【答案】C 【解析】当0t =时，有0x y ==①当0t>时，3sin x t y t t=⎧⎨=⎩，可得sin 33x xy =，故()f x 右连续；②当0t<时，sin x ty t t=⎧⎨=−⎩，可得sin y x x =−，故()f x 左连续，所以()f x 连续；因为0sin 033(0)lim 0x x x y x ++→−′==；0sin 0(0)lim 0x x x y x −−→−−′==，所以(0)0f ′=；③当0x >时，1sin sin cos 333393x x x x x y ′⎛⎫′==+ ⎪⎝⎭，所以0lim ()0x y x +→′=，即()f x ′右连续；④当0x <时，()sin sin cos y x x x x x ′′=−=−−，所以0lim ()0x y x −→′=，即()f x ′左连续，所以()f x ′连续；考虑01sin cos 23393(0)lim 9x x x xf x ++→+′′==；0sin cos (0)lim 2x x x x f x −−→−−′′==−，所以(0)f ′′不存在，答案为C（6）若函数121()(ln )f dx x x αα+∞+=⎰在0αα=处取得最小值，则0α=（）（A）1ln(ln 2)−（B）ln(ln 2)− （C）1ln 2（D）ln 2【答案】A 【解析】当0α>时，121()(ln )f dx x x αα+∞+=⎰收敛，此时21122111111()ln (ln )(ln )(ln )(ln 2)f dx d x x x x x ααααααα+∞+∞+∞++===−=⎰⎰，故211111ln ln 2()(ln 2)(ln 2)(ln 2)f ααααααα′⎡⎤−′==−⎢⎥⎣⎦，令()0f α′=，解得0α=1ln(ln 2)−（7）设函数2()()x f x x a e =+，若()f x 没有极值点，但曲线()y f x =有拐点，则a 的取值范围是（）（A）[0,1)（B）[1,)+∞（C）[1,2)（D）[2,)+∞【答案】C 【解析】2()()x f x x a e =+，2()(2)x f x x x a e ′=++，2()(42)x f x x x a e ′′=+++，因为()f x 没有极值点，所以440a −≤；又因为曲线()y f x =有拐点，所以164(2)0a −+>，联立求解得：[1,2)a ∈（8）设A ，B 为n 阶可逆矩阵，*M 为矩阵M 的伴随矩阵，则*A E OB ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭（）（A）****A B B A O B A ⎛⎫−⎪⎝⎭（B）****B A A B O A B ⎛⎫−⎪⎝⎭（C）****B A B A OA B ⎛⎫−⎪⎝⎭（D）****A B A B OB A ⎛⎫−⎪⎝⎭【答案】B【解析】*11111A E A E A E A AB A B O B O B O B O B −−−−−⎛⎫−⎛⎫⎛⎫== ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭111***1*A B A A B A B B A A B O A B B OA B −−−−⎛⎫⎛⎫−−== ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭，答案为B （9）二次型222123121323(,,)()()4()f x x x x x x x x x =+++−−的规范形为（）（A）2212y y +（B）2212y y −（C）2221234y y y +−（D）222123y y y +−【答案】B 【解析】222123121323(,,)()()4()f x x x x x x x x x =+++−−222123121323233228x x x x x x x x x =−−+++二次型矩阵为211134143A ⎛⎫⎪=− ⎪ ⎪−⎝⎭,211134(7)(3)143E A λλλλλλλ−−−−=−+−=+−−−+ 故答案为B（10）已知向量1123α⎛⎫ ⎪= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭，2211α⎛⎫ ⎪= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭，1259β⎛⎫ ⎪= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭，2101β⎛⎫ ⎪= ⎪⎪⎝⎭，若γ既可由12,αα线性表示，也可由12,ββ线性表示，则γ=（）（A）33,4k k R ⎛⎫⎪∈ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭ （B）35,10k k R ⎛⎫ ⎪∈ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭ （C）11,2k k R −⎛⎫ ⎪∈ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭（D）15,8k k R ⎛⎫⎪∈ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭【答案】D 【解析】令γ11221122k k l l ααββ=+=+，则有112211220k k l l ααββ+−−=，即12121212(,)0k k l l ααββ⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪−−= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭而121212211003(,)2150010131910011ααββ−−⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪−−=−→− ⎪ ⎪⎪ ⎪−−⎝⎭⎝⎭所以1212(,,,)(3,1,1,1),TT k k l l c c R =−−∈，所以12(1,5,8)(1,5,8),T T c c c k k R γββ=−+=−=∈，答案为D二、填空题：11～16小题，每小题5分，共30分，请将答案写在答题纸指定位置上．（11）当0x →时，函数2()ln(1)f x ax bx x =+++与2()cos x g x e x =−是等价无穷小，则ab =________【答案】2−【解析】由已知可得：2222200022221(())()ln(1)2lim lim lim 1()cos (1())(1())2x x x x ax bx x x o x f x ax bx x g x e x x o x x o x →→→++−++++==−++−−+220221(1)(()2lim 13()2x a x b x o x x o x →++−+==+所以1310,22a b +=−=，即1,2a b =−=,所以2ab =−（12）曲线y =⎰的弧长为________43π【解析】由题意可得函数定义域为[x ∈，根据公式可得：2302sin 24cos L x t tdtπ====⎰304(1cos 2)t dt π=+=⎰43π+（13）设函数(,)z z x y =由2ze xz x y +=−确定，则2(1,1)2zx∂=∂_________【答案】32−【解析】代入(1,1)点可得，0z =，先代入1y =，可得21z e xz x +=−，两边对x 求导，2z e z z xz ′′++=，得(1)1z ′=两边再对x 求导，20z ze z e z z z xz ′′′′′′′++++=，代入(1,1)及0z =，(1)1z ′=得2(1,1)232zx∂=−∂（14）曲线35332x y y =+在1x =对应点处的法线斜率为________【答案】119−【解析】代入1x =得到1y =，两边对x 求导，242956x y y y y ′′=+，代入1x =，1y =可得：911y ′=，故1x =对应点处的法线斜率为1119y −=−′（15）设连续函数()f x 满足：(2)()f x f x x +−=，2()0f x dx =⎰，则31()f x dx =⎰_______【答案】12【解析】323211121()()()()(2)f x dx f x dx f x dx f x dx f x dx=+=++⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰[]2121111()()()022f x dx f x x dx f x dx xdx =++=+=+=⎰⎰⎰⎰（16）已知线性方程组13123123121202ax x x ax x x x ax ax bx +=⎧⎪++=⎪⎨++=⎪⎪+=⎩有解，其中,a b 为常数，若0111412a a a =，则11120a a ab =_______【答案】8【解析】由题意可得：方程组系数矩阵秩为3，可得增广矩阵的秩也为3，即011110012002a a a ab =按照第四列进行行列式展开可得：144411011(1)122(1)11012a a a a a b a ++⋅−+⋅−⋅=所以111280a a ab =三、解答题：17～22小题，共70分.请将解答写在答题纸指定的位置上.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.（17）（本题满分10分）设曲线:()()L y y x x e =>经过点2(,0)e ，L 上任一点(,)P x y 到y 轴的距离等于该点处的切线在y 轴上的截距（1）求()y x ；（2）在L 上求一点，使得该点处的切线与两坐标轴所围三角形的面积最小，并求此最小面积【答案】（1）()(2ln )y x x x =− （2）33221(,)2e e ，最小面积是3e 【解析】（1）曲线L 上任一点(,)P x y 处的切线方程为()Y y y X x ′−=−，令0X =，则y 轴上的截距为Y y xy ′=−，则有x y xy ′=−，即11y y x′−=−，解得(ln )y x C x =−，其中C 为任意常数，代入2(,0)e 可得2C =，故()(2ln )y x x x =−（2）该点设为000(,(2ln ))x x x −，切线方程为0000(2ln )(1ln )()Y x x x X x −−=−− 令0X =，解得0Y x =；令0Y =，解得00ln 1x X x =−；所以该点处的切线与两坐标轴所围三角形的面积为：200011()22ln 1x S x XY x ==−求导00020(2ln 3)()2(ln 1)x x S x x −′=−，令0()0S x ′=，解得320x e =且为最小值点，最小面积为332()S e e =（18）（本题满分12分）求函数2cos (,)2yx f x y xe=+的极值【答案】极小值为21(,2)2f e k e π−=−（k Z ∈）【解析】先求驻点cos cos 0(sin )0y xy y f e x f xe y ⎧′=+=⎪⎨′=−=⎪⎩，解得驻点为1(,(21))e k π−−+和(,2)e k π−，其中k Z∈下求二阶偏导数，cos cos 2cos 1(sin )sin cos xx yxy y y yy f f e y f xe y xe y ⎧′′=⎪⎪′′=−⎨⎪′′=−⎪⎩代入1(,(21))e k π−−+（k Z ∈），解得210xxxy yy A f B f C f e −⎧′′==⎪⎪′′==⎨⎪′′==−⎪⎩，20AC B −<,故1(,(21))e k π−−+不是极值点；代入(,2)e k π−（k Z ∈），解得210xxxy yy A f B f C f e ⎧′′==⎪⎪′′==⎨⎪′′==⎪⎩，20AC B −>且0A >,故(,2)e k π−是极小值点，其极小值为21(,2)2f e k e π−=−（k Z ∈）（19）（本题满分12分）已知平面区域{(,)01}D x y y x =≤≤≥（1）求D 的面积（2）求D 绕x 轴旋转所成旋转体的体积【答案】（1）ln(1S = （2）24V ππ=−【解析】（1）222214441tan sec csc ln csc cot tan sec D S x t tdt tdt t tt t ππππππ+∞====−⎰⎰⎰ln(1=+;（2）22222111111(1)1x V dx dx dx x x x x πππ+∞+∞+∞⎛⎫===− ⎪++⎝⎭⎰⎰⎰11arctan x x π+∞⎛⎫=−− ⎪⎝⎭24ππ=−（20）（本题满分12分）设平面有界区域D 位于第一象限，由曲线221x y xy +−=，222x y xy +−=与直线y =，0y =围成，计算2213Ddxdy x y +⎰⎰【解析】本题采用极坐标计算，322013Ddxdy d x y πθ=+⎰⎰⎰333222222000111ln 3cos sin 3cos sin 3cos sin d r d d πππθθθθθθθθθ===+++⎰⎰332220011111ln 2ln 2tan ln 22(3tan )cos 23tan 2d d ππθθθθθ=⋅=⋅==++⎰⎰（21）（本题满分12分）设函数()f x 在[,]a a −上具有2阶连续导数，证明：（1）若(0)0f =，则存在(,)a a ξ∈−，使得21()[()()]f f a f a aξ′′=+−（2）若()f x 在(,)a a −内取得极值，则存在(,)a a η∈−，使得21()()()2f f a f a aη′′≥−−【答案】（1）利用泰勒公式在0x =处展开，再利用介值性定理；（2）利用泰勒公式在极值点处展开，再利用基本不等式进行放缩；【解析】（1）在0x =处泰勒展开，22()()()(0)(0)(0)2!2!f c f c f x f f x x f x x ′′′′′′=++=+，其中c 介于0与x 之间；代入两个端点有：211()()(0),(0,)2!f f a f a a a ξξ′′′=+∈222()()(0)(),(,0)2!f f a f a a a ξξ′′′−=−+∈−两式相加可得：212()()()()2f f f a f a a ξξ′′′′++−=即122()()1[()()]2f f f a f a a ξξ′′′′++−=因为()f x 在[,]a a −上具有2阶连续导数，所以()f x ′′存在最大值M 与最小值m ，根据连续函数的介值性定理可得，12()()2f f m M ξξ′′′′+≤≤，所以存在(,)a a ξ∈−，使得12()()()2f f f ξξξ′′′′+′′=，即21()[()()]f f a f a aξ′′=+−成立；（2）若()f x 在(,)a a −内取得极值，不妨设0x 为其极值点，则由费马引理可得，0()0f x ′=将()f x 在0x 处泰勒展开，22000000()()()()()()()()()2!2!f d f d f x f x f x x x x x f x x x ′′′′′=+−+−=+−其中d 介于0x 与x 之间；代入两个端点有：210010()()()(),(,)2!f f a f x a x x a ηη′′=+−∈ 220020()()()(),(,)2!f f a f x a x a x ηη′′−=+−−∈−两式相减可得：221200()()()()()()22f f f a f a a x a x ηη′′′′−−=−−−−所以22120022()()11()()()()2222f f f a f a a x a x a a ηη′′′′−−=−−−− 22102021[()()()()]4f a x f a x aηη′′′′≤−++，记112()max[(),()]f f f ηηη′′′′′′=，又因为22220000()()[()()]4a x a x a x a x a −++≤−++=，所以21()()()2f a f a f aη′′−−≤成立（22）（本题满分12分）设矩阵A 满足对任意123,,x x x 均有112321233232x x x x A x x x x x x x ++⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪=−+ ⎪ ⎪⎪ ⎪−⎝⎭⎝⎭（1）求A（2）求可逆矩阵P 与对角矩阵Λ，使得1P AP −=Λ【答案】（1）111211011A ⎛⎫⎪=− ⎪⎪−⎝⎭11 /11 （2）401310112P −⎛⎫ ⎪=− ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭，1221P AP −⎛⎫ ⎪=Λ=− ⎪ ⎪−⎝⎭【解析】（1）因为任意123,,x x x 均有112321233232x x x x A x x x x x x x ++⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪=−+ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪−⎝⎭⎝⎭，即112233*********x x A x x x x ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪⎪=− ⎪ ⎪⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎪−⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭故可分别取单位向量100010001⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭，，，可得100111100010211010001011001A ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪⎪=− ⎪ ⎪⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎪−⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭所以111211011A ⎛⎫ ⎪=− ⎪ ⎪−⎝⎭（2）111101101211221(2)2110110(2)1011E A λλλλλλλλλλλ−−−−−−−−=−+−=−+−=+−−−+−++−+101(2)211(2)(2)(1)20λλλλλλ−−=+−−=+−+− 所以A 的特征值为21,2−−，，下求特征向量：当2λ=−时，解方程组(2)0E A x −−=，可得基础解系为1(0,1,1)T ξ=−;当1λ=−时，解方程组()0E A x −−=，可得基础解系为2(1,0,2)Tξ=−当2λ=时，解方程组(2)0E A x −=，可得基础解系为3(4,3,1)T ξ=令401310112P −⎛⎫ ⎪=− ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭，有1221P AP −⎛⎫ ⎪=Λ=− ⎪ ⎪−⎝⎭成立。

中医护理学试题二及答案

中医护理学试题二及答案一、单项选择题（每题1分，共40分）1.下列各项属正治法则的是A.标本兼治B.塞因塞用C.寒者热之D.因人制宜E.通因通用2.中医学的基本特点包括整体观念与A.辨症论治B.辨病论治C.辨证论治D.同病异治E.异病同治3.以人体脏腑分阴阳，则六腑属A.阴B.阳C.阳中之阴D.阴中之阳E.厥阴4.寒极生热说明了阴阳的A.相互对立B.相互依存C.相互转化D.相互消长E.以上均错5.用五行的特性归类事特的五行属性，下列属“金”一行的是A.肝B.心C.脾D.肾E.肺6.位于头部的腧穴是A.关元B.至阴C.曲池D.合谷E.百会7.肝其华在A.发B.爪C.面D.鼻E.唇8.直刺时，针体与所刺皮肤表面的角度是A.5度B.25度C. 35度D.90度E.190度9.下列与心同一行的是A.舌B.骨C.皮D.爪E.胆10.同是外感风寒，在冬季则应重用辛温解表药，体现了A.因人制宜B.因地制宜C.因时制宜D.急则治标E.标本同治11.水谷之海是指A.胃B.大肠C.小肠D.三焦E.心12.下列哪项属于肝的生理功能A.主呼吸B.主统血C.通调水道D.主纳气E.主藏血13.下列哪一项不属于气的功能A.滋润作用B.固摄作用C.推动作用D.温煦作用E.防御作用14.贯注于心脉助心行血的气是A.元气B.宗气C.卫气D.营气E.浊气15.下列哪条经脉被称为“阳脉之海”A.任脉B.督脉C.冲脉D.带脉E.络脉16.下列哪种物质不属于津液的范畴A.汗液B.肠液C.尿液D.唾液E.痰液17.在经脉系统中，下列哪项为气血运行的主要通道A.十二经脉B.奇经入脉C.十二经别D.十五别络E.经别18.下列何脏主气A.肝B.心C.脾D.肺E.胃19.下列何脏主疏泄A.心B.肝C.肾D.肺E.胃20.百病之长是指A.热邪B.风邪C.寒邪D.温邪E.燥邪21.湿邪侵犯人体常先影响A.心B.肝C.脾D.肺E.胆22.暴怒最易伤A.心B.肝C.肺D.脾E.胃23.下列为六腑的是A.脑B.肾C.脾D.心E.小肠24.少阳病多见A.恶寒发热B.壮热C.潮热D.寒热往来E.微热25.诊断为正常舌象，哪一项是错误的A.舌体柔软B.舌体胖大C.舌质淡红D.舌苔薄白E.舌质滋润26.神志不清，语无论次，声高有力者称之为A.谵语B.郑声C.狂言D.独语E.哮喘27.阴虚发热的特点是A.壮热B.五心烦热C.身热不扬D.寒热往来E.弛张热28.寒证患者，多见A.迟脉B.弦脉C.数脉D.细脉E.浮脉29.三部脉举之无力，按之空虚属于A.浮脉B.沉脉C.迟脉D.虚脉E.实脉30.表证的发热，多是A.寒热往来B.恶寒发热C.壮热D.潮热E.弛张热31.沉脉主A.表证B.肝病C.热盛D.里证E.实证32.在舌诊中，舌尖对应A.心肺B.脾胃C.肝胆D.肾E.三焦33.假神多见于A.脾气虚弱者B.肝气郁结者C.痰迷心窍者D.久病重病精气极度衰竭者E.实证34.在脉诊中，右关侯A.心B.肝C.肾D.脾E.气35.睡则汗出，醒则汗止为A.盗汗B.自汗C.大汗D.微汗E.战汗36.红舌主A.热证B.寒证C.痰饮D.水湿E.瘀血37.针对主病或主证起主要治疗作用的药物称为A.君药B.臣药C.佐药D.使药E.反佐药38.下列不属奇恒之腑的是A.胆B.大肠C.骨D.脉E.髓39.辨别表证和里证的关键是A.有无发热B.有无恶寒C.有无头痛D.有无口干E.有无汗出40.黄苔主A.寒证B.热证C.痰饮D.虚证E.结石二、多选题（每题1分，共10分）41.中医学的四大经典著作是A.《难经》B.《伤寒杂病论》C.《黄帝内经》D.《神农本草经》E.《脉经》42.脾的生理功能是A.主血脉B.主神志C.布散卫气D.主统血E.主运化43.属于外感病因的有A.痰饮B.疫疠C.饮食不节D.六淫E.七情44.四气包括A.甘B.寒C.热D.温E.凉45.五色主病中，白色所主的病证是A.虚证B.寒证C.失血证D.湿证E.惊风证46.奇经八脉包括A.络脉B.督脉C.冲脉D.带脉E.阴维脉47.阴阳学说的基本内容有A.阴阳对立B.阴阳互根C.阴阳消长D.阴阳转化E.阴阳离决48.左手寸口脉候A.心B.肝胆C.肾D.肺E.脾49.胆属于A.孤府B.六腑C.血府D.玄府E.奇恒之腑50.燥邪的特性是A.重浊B.开泄C.易伤津液D.主动E.易伤肺三、是非题(每题1分, 共10分，正确填“A”，错误填“B”)51.为中医辨证论治奠定基础的第一部临床医学专著是《伤寒杂病论》。

有机化学实验试题及答案2

有机化学实验试题及答案2有机化学实验试题二一、仪器和装置（25分）1.辨认仪器：将图中各仪器的名称填入下边（）中（10分）1.（）2.（）3.（）4.（）5.（）6.（）7.（） 8.（） 9.（）10.（） 11.（） 12.（）13.（） 14.（） 15.（）16.（） 17.（） 18.（）2.检查装置：下列装置都在今年有机化学实验中使用过，请分别写出各装置的名称（要能完整反映该装置的主要功能）和在今年有机化学实验中使用过此装置的实验名称（三个以上实验，只写三个），并分别指出各装置的装配和操作中存在的错误。

（15分）装置名称：装置名称：装置名称：10.在制备三苯甲醇的实验中，格氏反应所用溶剂通常为（无水乙醚）。

这一方面是因为（乙醚挥发性大），可借（乙醚蒸汽）排开大部分空气，减少（格氏试剂与空气）的接触；另一方面是（乙醚）可与格氏试剂配位络合，以()的形式溶于（乙醚）。

11.重结晶的滤集晶体步骤中常需用新鲜溶剂洗去晶粒表面粘附的母液。

正确的洗涤方法是先（解除真空），再加入少量新鲜溶剂，小心地用刮匙将晶体（挑松），使溶剂浸润全部晶体，然后（重新开始抽气）。

12.芳香醛与羧酸酐在弱碱催化下生成（α，β-不饱和酸）的反应称为（Perkin或佩金）反应。

三、名词解释（25分）1.熔程：从出现第一滴液体到刚刚全部变成均一透明的液体时所经历的温度变化范围。

2.硬板：用加有粘合剂的吸附剂铺制成的薄层层析板。

3.前馏分：在达到液体沸点之前被蒸馏出来的液体。

4.蒸馏：将液体加热气化以及将蒸气冷凝液化并收集的联合操作过程。

5.液泛：由于蒸气压强过高，造成液体在柱中滞留过多的现象。

6.引发剂：在某种条件下可以分解产生自由基并引发化学反应的物质。

一、填空（1）毛细管法测定熔点时，通常用毛细管的内径为，装填样品的高度为。

如果样品未研细，填装不紧密，对测定结果有什么影响。

（2）一个化合物从开始熔化到完全熔化的温度范围称为。

机械设计基础试题二及答案

机械设计基础试题二及答案一、填空题：（每空1分，共30分）1、力偶矩的、和称为力偶的三要素。

2、两构件相互作用时，它们之间的作用与反作用力必然、、，但分别作用于两个构件上。

3、机器或机构各部分之间应具有运动。

4、一平面铰链四杆机构的各杆长度分别为a=350mm,b=600mm,c=200mm,d=700mm；(1) 当取 c 杆为机架时，它为机构；（2）当取d杆为机架时，则为。

5、渐开线标准直齿圆柱齿轮传动，正确啮合条件是。

6、分度圆上的压力角等于，摸数取的是值，齿厚和齿槽宽的齿轮，称为标准齿轮。

7、槽轮机构能把主动轴的等速连续，转换成从动轴的周期性的运动。

8、槽轮机构、，在进入和脱离啮合时。

但在运动过程中的加速度变化较大，冲击较严重，因而不适用于。

9、在材料、热处理及几何参数均相同的直齿圆柱、斜齿圆柱和直齿圆锥三种齿轮传动中，承载能力最高的是传动，承载能力最低的是传动。

10、齿轮传动的润滑方式主要根据齿轮的选择。

闭式齿轮传动采用油浴润滑时的油量根据确定。

11、带传动的失效形式有和。

12、传动带中的的工作应力包括、和。

13、根据轮系中各个齿轮的几何轴线的位置是否变动，轮系可分为三类：、和混合轮系。

二、选择题：（每题1分，共12分）1、如果力R是F1、F2二力的合力,用矢量方程表示为R=F1+F2,则三力大小之间的关系为( )。

A.必有R=F1+F2;B.不可能有R=F1+F2;C.必有R>F1,R>F2; D可能有R<F1,R<F2。

2、刚体受三力作用而处于平衡状态,则此三力的作用线( )。

A. 必汇交于一点;B. 必互相平行;C. 必都为零;D. 必位于同一平面内。

3、等截面直杆在两个外力的作用下发生轴向压缩变形时，这对外力所具备的特点一定是等值、( )。

A. 反向、共线；B. 反向，过截面形心；C. 方向相对，作用线与杆轴线重合；D方向相对，沿同一直线作用。

4、轴向拉伸杆，正应力最大的截面和剪应力最大的截面( )A. 分别是横截面、450斜截面；B. 都是横截面;C. 分别是450斜截面、横截面;D. 都是450斜截面。

高三高考语文现代文阅读试题练习二及答案解析

酒香戏外曾瓶高明远在轩辕宫附近开酒坊，既酿酒，也卖酒。

高明远卖酒有规矩，每天最多卖三十斤，每人最多卖二斤。

每天卖完酒，高明远就去三泸茶园。

高明远去三泸茶园看戏，买票，有讲究。

如果是陈三卿的戏，必买一个好位子，似乎离陈三卿越近越好，不怕花钱。

如果没有陈三卿的戏，不管是哪个名角，都花最少的钱，进园即可。

相传、陈三卿刚到三泸茶园演出，因相貌平平，脸上还有麻点，同行和观众并不看好。

她演的是《挑帘打饼》。

陈三卿一出场，步法身段，时如蜻蜓点水，螃蟹行沙；时如电闪风犁，云行雨骤；时如垂柳摇曳，时如海棠婀娜。

看戏的人，刚开始漫不经心，殊不知待几步金莲挪动，眼睛和耳朵，全到了陈三卿身上，一场戏下来，陈三卿让台下观众似醉如痴，掌声如雷。

①那天，高明远在观众席。

陈三卿有了名气，常有人请她到家中唱戏。

为了热闹喜庆，名角要向主家献酒。

陈三卿献酒，手中酒壶，必盛高家酒。

城隍庙北边的张记桐油店张老板，母亲七十八岁，生了病，临时决定，提前替母亲办八十大寿，冲冲病痛；也临时邀约，请陈三卿来唱戏喜庆喜庆。

因是临时，一时难以凑上那么多高家酒。

陈三卿也直率，问张老板，我那几杯，应该准备好了吧？张老板直点头。

其实，张老板藏有心眼儿，他就不信，你陈三卿，能把酒城这家那家的酒喝出来？锣鼓敲得昂扬激烈，唢呐吹得高亢喜庆，陈三卿端着酒献老寿星，她执酒壶，捧酒杯，正陪饮，酒刚进嘴，即如彩虹般喷射而出。

陈三卿笑盈盈的脸陡然间结满冰霜，冷冰冰地说，不是高家酒！张老板惊讶得嘴都合不拢，正要狡辩，陈三卿卸妆，对张老板拱拱手，告辞走人。

张老板还装着什么都不知道的样子，问，陈师傅，怎了？陈三卿不停脚，说，你坏了我的规矩。

这事，很快传开了。

高明远心里鼓胀看一句话：以后，陈师傅，你喝高家酒，收成本价。

高明远这话，没机会说。

陈三卿喝酒，用不着她到高家酒坊买。

这天，排轮子买酒的长龙中出现了陈三卿。

尽管换了戏装，一眼，高明远就看到了。

嘴巴，差点惊歪了，但很快镇住神，问，陈师傅，今天什么日子，你亲自来？不管如何掩饰，还是有些磕磕巴巴，语气里，是满当当的惊诧，甜丝丝的欢喜。

2024年考研英语二试题及答案：41-45试题及答案

2024年考研英语二试题及答案：41-45试题及答案业务课名称：英语考生须知：1.答案必须写在答题纸上，写在其他纸上无效。

2.答题时必须使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔做答，用其他答题不给分，不得使用涂改液。

Part BDirections: Read the following text and match each of the numbereditems in the left column to its corresponding information in the righicolumn. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark youranswers on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)High school students eager to stand out in the college applicationprocess often participate in a litany of extracurricular activities hoping tobolster their chances of admission to a selective undergraduate institution.However, college admissionsexperts say that the quality of a collegehopeful's extracurricular activitiesmatters more than the number ofactivities he or she participates in.Sue Rexfor, the director of college guidance at the Charles E. Smith Jewish Day School, says it is not necessary for a student filling out theCommon Application to list 10 activities in the application"No college will expect that a student has a huge laundry list ofextracurriculars that they have been passionately involved in each for anextended period of timc" Rexford wrote in an email.Experts say it is tougher to distinguish oneself in a school-affiliatedcxtracurricular activity that is common among high school students than itis to stand out while doing an uncommon activity."The competition to stand out and make an impact is going to bemuch stiffer, and so if they 're going to do a popular activity, I'd say, be thebest at it" says Sara Harberson, a college admissions consultant.High school students who have an impressive personal project theyare working onindependently often impress colleges, experts say."For example, a student with an interest in entrepreneurship coulddemonstrate skill and potential by starting a profitable small business,'Olivia Valdes, the founder of Zen Admissions consulting firm, wrote in anemail.Joseph Adegboyega-Edun, a Maryland high school guidancecounselor, says unconventional extracurricular activities can help studentsimpress college admissions offices, assuming they demonstrated seriouscommitnent. "Again , since one of the big questions high school seniorsmust consider is What makes you unique?, having an uncommon extracurricular activity vs. a conventional one is an advantage," he wrote inan email.Experts say demonstrating talent in at least one extracurricular activitycan help in the college admissions process, especially at top-tierundcrgraduatc Institutions Distinguishing yourself in one focused type of extracurricularactivity can be a positive in the admissions process, especially for highlyselective institutions,where having top grades and test scores is notenough," Katie Kelley, admissions counselorat lvyWise admissionsconsultancy,wrote in an email." Students need to have that quality or hookthat will appeal to admissions officers and allow them to visualize how thestudent might come and enrich their campus community.?Extracurricular activities related to the college major declared on acollege application are beneficial, experts suggest. "lf you already knowyour major,baving an extracurricular that fits into that major can be a bigplus."says Mayghin Levine,the manager of educational opportunitieswith The Cabbage PatchSettlement House, a Louisville, Kentucky, nonprofit communitycenterHigh school students who have had a strong positive influence ontheir community through an extracurricular activity may impress a collegcand win a scholarshipsays Erica Gwyn, a former math and science magnet program assistant at a public high school who is now executive director ofthe Kaleidoscope Careers Academy in Atlanta, a nonprofit organization.assistant at a public high school who is noW cxcculiye director oftheKaleidoscope Careers Academy in Atlanta, a nonprofitorganization.英语二翻译With the smell of coffee and fresh bread floating in the air, Stalls bursting with colorful vegetables and tempting cheeses, and the buzz of friendly chats, farmers’markets are a feast for the senses. They also provide an opportunity to talk to the people responsible for growing or raising your food, support your local economy andpick up fresh seasonal produce—all at the same time.Farmers’markets are usually weekly or monthly events, most often with outdoor stalls, whichallow farmers or producers to sell their food directly to customers. The size or regularity of markets can vary from season to season, depending on the area's agricultural calendar, and you’re likely to find different produce on sale at different times of the year. By cutting out the middlemen, the farmers secure more profit for their produce. Shoppers also benefit from seeing exactly where-and to who- their money is going.空气中弥漫着咖啡和新鲜面包的味道，摊位上挤满了五颜六色的蔬菜和诱人的奶酪，以及友好聊天的嗡嗡声，农贸市场是感官的盛宴（3分）。

考研英语（二）试题及答案解析

考研英语（二）试题及答案解析说明：由于试题一题多卷，因此选择题部分，不同考生有不同顺序，请在核对答案时注意题目和选项内容。

Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. 1 a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been 2 for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon "revolutionize the very 3 of money itself," only to 4 itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so 5 in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very 7 to set up the computer, card reader, and telecornmunications networks necessary to make electronic money the 8 form of payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts, something thai many consumers are unwilling to 10 . Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float" - it takes several days 11 a check is cashed and funds are 12 from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime. 13 electronic payments arc immediate, they eliminate the float forthe consumer.Fourth, electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information 15 there. The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 from someone else's accounts. The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to 19 security issues. A further concern is that the use of e lectronic means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trailSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today,” a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to ke ep the man away from the machines.”Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore,everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes,” In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______[A] the impact of technological advances[B] the alleviation of job pressure[C] the shrinkage of textile mills[D] the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______[A] work on cheap software[B] ask for a moderate salary[C] adopt an average lifestyle[D] contribute something unique23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______[A] gains of technology have been erased[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C] factories are making much less money than before[D] new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution[B] to ensure more education for people[C] ro advance economic globalization[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] New Law Takes Effect[B] Technology Goes Cheap[C] Average Is Over[D] Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic inclued settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for exanmle, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide nemcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigrantion system and the long political paralysis over how tofix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strick definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26 “Birds of passage” refers to those who____[A] immigrate across the Atlantic.[B] leave their home countries for good.[C] stay in a foregin temporaily.[D] find permanent jobs overseas.27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration stystem in the US____[A] needs new immigrant categories.[B] has loosened control over immigrants.[C] should be adopted to meet challenges.[D] has been fixeed via political means.28 According to the author, today’s birds of passage want___[A] fiancial incentives.[B] a global recognition.[C] opportunities to get regular jobs.[D] the freedom to stay and leave.29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __[A] as faithful partners.[B] with economic favors.[C] with regal tolerance.[D] as mighty rivals.30 选出最适合文章的标题[A] come and go: big mistake.[B] living and thriving : great risk.[C] with or without : great risk.[D] legal or illegal: big mistake.。

形势与政策试题二(含答案)

课程代码：04392形势与政策试题二2019年10月一、单项选择1.对党员干部的培养，要建立以德为先、任人唯贤、人事相宜的选拔任用体系，坚持好干部标准，把（A）标准放在第一位。

A政治 B道德 C知识 D能力2.以下哪项不属于党的基层组织？（D）A街道社区 B学校 C农村 D党组3.做好做实监察工作，需要创新纪检监察体制机制，加强（A）制度。

A巡视 B反馈 C调查 D沟通4.全国纪检监察机关运用监督执纪（C）种形态从严治党。

A二 B三 C四 D五5.计算机工业革命是近代以来人类社会经历的第（C）次科技革命。

A一 B二 C三 D四6.增强自主创新能力，需要构建（D）、产、学、研、用一体化的中国特色创新体系。

A经 B监 C教 D政7.消除贫困、改善民生、逐步实现共同富裕，是社会主义的（A）。

A本质要求 B建设前提 C基础要求 D最终目标8.强化责任落实，把防止返贫摆到更加重要的位置，为（A）年全面打赢脱贫攻坚战奠定坚实基础。

A 2020B 2021C 2022D 20239.科技创新人才培养和人力资源开发的最重要的基础就是（C）。

A经济 B创新 C教育 D知识10.（B）是社会主义核心价值观的最大公约数。

A诚信 B爱国 C富强 D敬业二、多项选择1.对市场和政府关系的理解，淡化党的领导、削弱党的建设的现象主要表现有（ABCD）。

A代替论 B对立论 C取消论 D无所作为论2.以下属于新形势下形式主义、官僚主义的具体表现有（ABCD）。

A对贯彻落实中央重大决策部署表态多调门高，但行动少落实差B热衷于打造领导“可视范围”内的项目工程，而不考虑客观实际C无论什么会议都要层层重复开D只求不出事，宁愿不做事3.“不忘初心、牢记使命”主题教育的总要求有（ABCD）。

A守初心 B担使命 C找差距 D抓落实4.每个党员特别是领导干部都要强化党的意识和组织观念，自觉做到（ABCD）。

A思想上认同组织 B政治上依靠组织C工作上服从组织 D感情上信赖组织5.《中国共产党支部工作条例(试行)》制定实施的重大意义有（ABCD）。

高中高二下学期期末考试语文现代文阅读试题二及参考答案

风把人刮歪刘亮程刮了一夜大风。

我在半夜被风喊醒。

风在草棚和麦垛上发出恐怖的怪叫，像女人不舒畅的哭喊。

这些突兀地出现在荒野中的草棚麦垛，绊住了风的腿，拉住了风的衣裳，缠住了风的头发，让她追不上前面的风。

她撕扯，哭喊，喊得满天地都是风声。

我把头伸出草棚，黑暗中隐约有几件东西在地上滚动，滚得极快，一晃就不见了。

是风把麦捆刮走了。

我不清楚刮走了多少，也只能看着它刮走。

我比一捆麦子大不了多少，一出去可能就找不到自己了。

风朝着村子那边刮。

①如果风不在中途拐弯，一捆一捆的麦子会在风中跑回村子。

明早村人醒来，看见一捆捆麦子躲在墙根，像回来的家畜一样。

每年都有几场大风经过村庄。

风把人刮歪，又把歪长的树刮直。

风从不同方向吹来，人和草木，往哪边斜，不由自主。

能做到的只是在每一场风后，把自己扶直。

一棵树在各种各样的风中变得扭曲，古里古怪。

你几乎可以看出它沧桑躯干上的哪个弯是南风吹的，哪个拐是北风刮的。

但它最终高大粗壮地立在土地上，无论南风北风都无力动摇它。

②我们村边就有几棵这样的大树，村里也有几个这样的人。

我太年轻，根扎得不深，躯干也不结实。

担心自己会被一场大风刮跑，像一棵草一片树叶，随风千里，飘落到一个陌生地方。

也不管你喜不喜欢，愿不愿意，风把你一扔就不见了。

你没地方去找风的麻烦，刮风的时候满世界都是风，风一停就只剩下空气。

天空若无其事，大地也像什么都没有发生。

只有你的命运被改变了，莫名其妙地落在另一个地方。

你只好等另一场相反的风把自己刮回去。

可能一等多年，也没有一场能刮起你的大风。

你在等待飞翔的时间里不情愿地长大，变得沉重无比。

去年，我在一场东风中，看见很久以前从我们家榆树上刮走的一片树叶，又从远处刮回来。

它在空中翻了几个跟头，摇摇晃晃地落到窗台上。

那场风刚好在我们村里停住，像是猛然刹住了车。

许多东西从天上往下掉，有纸片——写字的和没写字的纸片、布条、头发和毛，更多的是树叶。

我在纷纷下落的东西中认出了我们家榆树上的一片树叶。

2023年考研英语二真题及答案解析

2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Here’s a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today: you’re the CEO of a small business, and though you’re making a nice __1__, you need to find a way to take it to the next level. What you need to do is __2__ growth by establishing a growth team. A growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company, and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus __3___ on finding ways to grow.Let’s look at a real-world __4___. Prior to forming a growth team, the software company BitTorrent had 50 employees working in the __5___ departments of engineering, marketing and product development. This brought them good results until 2012, when their growth plateaued. The __6__ was that too many customers were using the basic, free version of their product. And __7__ making improvements to the premium, paid version, few people were making the upgrade. Things changed, __8__, when an innovative project-marketing manager came aboard, __9__ a growth team and sparked the kind of __10__ perspective they needed. By looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view, it became clear that the __11__ of upgrades wasn’t due to a quality issue. Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered. Armed with this __12__, the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently ___13____ the premium version to users of the free version. ____14_____, upgrades skyrocketed, and revenue increased by 92 percent.But in order for your growth team to succeed, it needs to have a strong leader. It needs someone who can ___15__ the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement.This leader will __16__ the target area, set clear goals and establish a time frame for the___17___ of these goals. The growth leader is also __18__ for keeping the team focused on moving forward and steering them clear of distractions. __19__ attractive new ideas can be distracting, the team leader must recognize when these ideas don’t __20___ the current goal and need to be put on the back burner.1.[A] purchase[B]profit[C]connection[D]bet2.[A] define[B]predict[C]prioritize[D]appreciate3.[A] exclusively[B]temporarily[C]potentially[D]initially4.[A] experiment[B]proposal[C]debate[D]example5.[A] identical[B]marginal[C]provisional[D]traditional6.[A] rumor[B]secret[C]myth[D]problem7. [A] despite[B] unlike [C] through [D] besides8. [A] moreover [B] however[C] therefore [D] again9. [A] inspected [B] created[C] expanded [D] reformed10. [A] cultural [B] objective [C] fresh [D] personal11. [A] end [B] burden [C] lack[D] decrease12. [A] policy [B] suggestion [C] purpose [D] insight13. [A] contributing [B] allocating [C] promoting[D] transforming14. [A] as a result[B] at any rate [C] by the way [D] in a sense15. [A] unite[B] finance [C] follow [D] choose16. [A] share [B] identify[C] divide [D] broaden17.[A] announcement [B] assessment [C] adjustment [D]accomplishment18. [A] famous [B] responsible[C] available [D] respective19. [A] before [B] once [C] while[D] unless20. [A] serve[B] limit [C] summarize [D] alterSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by Choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In the quest for the perfect lawn, homeowners across the country are taking a shortcut — and it is the environment that is paying the price. About eight million square metres of plastic grass is sold each year but opposition has now spread to the highest gardening circles.The Chelsea Flower Show has banned fake grass from this year’s event, declaring it to be not part of its ethos. The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), which runs the annual show in west London, says it has introduced the ban because of the damage plastic grass does to the environment and biodiversity.Ed Horne, of the RHS, said: “We launched our sustainability strategy last year and fake grass is just not in line with our ethos and views on plastic. We recommend using real grass because of its environmental benefits, which include supporting wildlife, mitigating flooding and cooling the environment.”The RHS’s decision comes as campaigners try to raise awareness of the problems fake grass causes. A Twitter account called Shit Lawns, which claims to “cut through the greenwash” of artificial grass, already has more than 20,000 followers. It is trying to encourage people to sign two petitions, one calling for a ban on the sale of plastic grass and another calling for an “ecological damage” tax on such lawns. They have gathered 7,260 and 11,272 signatures.However, supporters of fake grass point out that there is also an environmental impact with natural lawns, which need mowing and therefore usually consume electricity or petrol. The industry also points out that real grass requires considerable amounts of water, weed killer or other treatments and that people who lay fake grass tend to use their garden more. The industry also claims that people who lay fake grass spend an average of £500 on trees or shrubs for their garden, which provides habitat for insects.In response to another petition last year about banning fake lawns, which gathered 30,000 signatures, the government responded that it has “no plans to ban the use of artificial grass”.It added: “We prefer to help people and organizations make the right choice rather than legislating on such matters. However, the use of artificial grass must comply with the legal and policy safeguards in place to protect biodiversity and ensure sustainable drainage, while measures such as the strengthened biodiversity duty should serve to encourage public authorities to consider sustainable alternatives.”21. The RHS thinks that plastic grass __________.[A] is harmful to the environment[B] is a hot topic in gardening circles[C] is overpraised in the annual show[D] is ruining the view of west London22. The petitions mentioned in para.3 reveal the campaigner's ________.[A] disappointment with the RHS[B] resistance to fake grass use[C] anger over the proposed tax[D] concern above real grass supply23. In para 4, supporters of fake grass point out that_________.[A] the necessity to lower the costs of fake grass[B] the disadvantages of growing real grass[C] the way to take care of artificial lawns[D] the challenges of insect habitat protection24. What would the government do with regard to artificial grass?[A] urge legislation to restrict its use[B] take measures to guarantee its quality[C] remind its users to obey existing rules[D] replace it with sustainable alternatives25. It can be learned from the text that fake grass ________ .[A] is being improved continuously[B] has been a market share decline[C] is becoming affordable[D] has been a controversial productText 2It’s easy to dismiss as absurd the Trump administration’s ideas for plugging the chronic funding gap of our national parks. Can anyone really think it’s a good idea to allow Amazon deliveries to your tent in Yosemite or food trucks to line up under the redwood trees at Sequoia National Park? But the administration is right about one thing: U.S. national parks are in crisis. Collectively, they have a maintenance backlog of more than $12 billion. Roads, trails, restrooms, visitor centers and other infrastructure are crumbling.But privatizing and commercializing the campgrounds would not be the panacea that the Interior Department’s Outdoor Advisory Committee would have us believe. Campgrounds are a tiny portion of the overall infrastructure backlog, and concessionaires in the parks hand over, on average, only about 5% of their revenues to the National Park Service.Moreover, increased privatization would certainly undercut one of the major reasons why 300 million visitors come to the parks each year: to enjoy nature and get a respite from the commercial drumbeat that overwhelms daily life.The real problem is that the parks have been chronically starved of funding. We conducted a comprehensive survey examining how U.S. residents view their national parks, and we found that Americans place a very high value on them — whether or not they actually visit them. The peer-reviewed economic survey of 700 U.S. taxpayers, conducted by mail and internet, also found that people would be willing to pay a significant amount of money to make sure the parks and their programs are kept intact. Some 81% of respondents said they would be willing to pay additional taxes for the next 10 years to avoid any cuts to the national parks.The national parks provide great value to U.S. residents both as places to escape and as symbols of nature. On top of this, they produce value from their extensive educational programs, their positive impact on the climate through carbon sequestration, their contribution to our cultural and artistic life, and of course through tourism. The parks also help keep America’s past alive, working with thousands of local jurisdictions around the country to protect historical sites — including Ellis Island and Gettysburg — and to bring the stories of these places to life.The parks do all this on a shoestring. Congress allocates only $3 billion a year to the national park system — an amount that has been flat since 2001 (in inflation-adjusted dollars) with the exception of a onetime boost in 2009 as part of the Obama stimulus package. Meanwhile, the number of annual visitors has increased by more than 50% since 1980, and now stands at 330 million visitors per year.26. What problem are U.S. national parks faced with?[A] decline of business profits[B] inadequate commercialization[C] lack of transportation services[D] poorly maintained infrastructure27. Increased privatization of the campground may_______?[A] spoil visitor experience[B] help preserve nature[C] bring operational pressure[D] boost visits to parks28. According to para.5, most respondents in the survey would ______?[A] go to the national parks on a regular basis[B] advocate a bigger budget for the national parks[C] pay extra for the national parks[D] support the national parks' recent reforms29. The national parks are valuable in that they________[A] lead the way in tourism[B] have historical significance[C] sponsor research on climate[D] provide an income for locals30. It can be concluded from the text that the national park system _______[A] is able to cope with shortages[B] is able to meet visitors' demand[C] is in need of a new pricing policy[D] is in need of a funding increaseText 3The Internet may be changing merely what we remember, not our capacity to do so, suggests Columbia University psychology professor Betsy Sparrow. In 201, Sparrow led a study in which participants were asked to record 40 facts in a computer ("an ostrich's eye is bigger than its brain, for example). Half of the participants were told the information would be erased, while the other half were told it would be saved. Guess what? The latter group made no effort to recall the information when quizzed on it later, because they knew they could find it on their computers. In the same study, a group was asked to remember their information and the folders it was stored in. They didn't remember their information. But they remembered how to find the folders. In other words, human memory is not deteriorating but "adapting to new communications technology," Sparrow says.In a very practical way, the Internet is becoming an external hard drive for our memories, a process known as "cognitive offloading." "Traditionally, this role was fulfilled by data banks, libraries, and other humans. Your father may never remember birthdays because your mother does, for instance. Some worry that this is having a destructive effect on society, but Sparrow sees an upside. Perhaps, she suggests, the trend will change our approach to learning from a focus on individual facts and memorization to an emphasis on more conceptual thinking -something that isnot available on the Internet." I personally have never seen all that much intellectual value in memorizing things," Sparrow says, adding that we haven't lost our ability to do it.Still, other experts say it's too soon to understand how the Internet affects our brains. There is no experimental evidence showing that it interferes with our ability to focus, for instance, wrote psychologists Christopher Chabris and Daniel Simons. And surfing the web exercised the brain more than reading did among computer-save older adults in a 2008 study involving 24 participants at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at the University of California, Los Angeles.There may be costs associated with our increased reliance on the Internet but I'd have to imagine that overall the benefits are going to outweigh those costs, observes psychology professor Benjamin Storm:'It seems pretty clear that memory is changing, but is it changing for the better? At this point, we don't know.31.Sparrow's study shows that with the Internet, the human brain will ________[A] analyze information in detail[B] collect information efficiently[C] switch its focus of memory[D] extend its memory duration32.The process of "cognitive offloading"________[A] helps us identify false information[B] keeps our memory from failing[C] enables us to classify trivial facts[D] lessens our memory burdens33.Which of the following would Sparrow support about the Internet?[A] It may reform our way of learning[B] It may impact our society negatively[C] It may enhance our adaptability to technology[D] It may interfere with our conceptual thinking34. It is indicated in Para 3 that how the Internet affects our brains?[A] requires further academic research[B] is most studies in older adults[C] is reflected in our reading speed[D] depends on our web-surfing habits35. Neither Sparrow nor Storm would agree that ________[A] our reliance on the Internet will be costly[B] the Internet is weakening our memory[C] memory exercise is a must for our brain[D] our ability to focus decline with ageText 4Teenagers are paradoxical. That's a mild and detached way of saying something that parents often express with considerably stronger language. But the paradox is scientific as well as personal. In adolescence, helpless and dependent children who have relied on grown-ups for just about everything become independent people who can take care of themselves and help each other. At the same time, once cheerful and compliant children become rebellious teenage risk-takers, often to the point of self-destruction. Accidental deaths go up dramatically in adolescence.A new study published in the journal Child Development, by Eveline Crone of the University of Leiden and colleagues, suggests that the positive and negative sides of teenagers go hand in hand. The study is part of a new wave of thinking about adolescence. For a long time, scientists and policymakers concentrated on the idea that teenagers were a problem that needed to be solved. The new work emphasizes that adolescence is a time of opportunity as well as risk.The researchers studied “prosocial” and rebellious traits in more than 200 children and young adults, ranging from 11 to 28 years old. The participants filled out questionnaires about how often they did things that were altruistic and positive, like sacrificing their own interests to help a friend, or rebellious and negative, like getting drunk or staying out late. Other studies have shown that rebellious behavior increases as you become a teenager and then fades away as you grow older. But the new study shows that, interestingly, the same pattern holds for prosocial behavior. Teenagers were more likely than younger children or adults to report that they did things like unselfishly help a friend.Most significantly, there was a positive correlation between prosociality and rebelliousness. The teenagers who were more rebellious were also more likely to help others. The good and bad sides of adolescence seem to develop together.Is there some common factor that underlies these apparently contradictory developments? One idea is that teenage behavior is related to what researchers call “reward sensitivity.”Decision-making always involves balancing rewards and risks, benefits and costs. “Reward sensitivity” measures how much reward it takes to outweigh risk.Teenagers are particularly sensitive to social rewards—winning the game, impressing a new friend, getting that boy to notice you. Reward sensitivity, like prosocial behavior and risk-taking, seems to go up in adolescence and then down again as we age. Somehow, when you hit 30, the chance that something exciting and new will happen at that party just doesn’t seem to outweigh the effort of getting up off the couch.36.According to Paragraph 1, children growing into adolescence tend to ______[A] develop opposite personality traits[B] see the world in an unreasonable way[C] have fond memories of the past[D] show attention for their parents37.It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that Crone's study[A] explores teenagers' social resposibilities[B] examines teenagers' emotional problems[C] provides a new insight into adolescence[D] highlight negative adolescent behaviour38.What does Crone's study find about prosocial behavior?[A] It results from the wish to cooperate[B] It is cultivated through education[C] It is subject to family influence[D] It tends to peak in adolescence39.It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that teenagers ______[A] overstress their influence on others[B] care a lot about social recognition[C] become anxious about their future[D] endeavor to live a joyful life40. What is the text mainly about?[A] why teenagers are self-contradictory[B] why teenagers are risk-sensitive[C] How teenagers develop prosociality[D] How teenagers become independentPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Net-zero rules set to send cost of new homes and extensions soaringNew building regulations aimed at improving energy efficiency are set to increase the price of new homes, as well as those of extensions and loft conversions on existing ones.The rules, which came into effect on Wednesday in England, are part of government plans to reduce the UK’s carbon emissions to net zero by 2050. They set new standards for ventilation, energy efficiency and heating, and state that new residential buildings must have charging points for electric vehicles.The moves are the most significant change to building regulations in years, and industry experts say they will inevitably lead to higher prices at a time when a shortage of materials and high labour costs is already driving up bills.Brian Berry, chief executive of the Federation of Master Builders, a trade group for small and medium-sized builders, says the measures will require new materials, testing methods, productsand systems to be installed. “All this comes at an increased cost during a time when prices are already sky high. Inevitably, consumers will have to pay more,” he says.Gareth Belsham, of surveyors Naismiths, says people who are upgrading, or extending their home, will be directly affected.“The biggest changes relate to heating and insulation,” he says. “There are new rules concerning the amount of glazing used in extensions, and any new windows or doors must be highly insulated.”Windows and doors will have to adhere to higher standards, while there are new limits on the amount of glazing you can have to reduce unwanted heat from the sun.Thomas Goodman, of MyJobQuote, a site which sources quotes, says this will bring in new restrictions for extensions.“Glazing on windows, doors and rooflights must cover no more than 25% of the floor area to prevent heat loss, ” he says.As the rules came into effect last Wednesday, property developers were rushing to file plans just before the deadline. Any plans submitted before that date are considered to be under the previous rules, and can go ahead as long as work starts before 15 June next year.Builders which have costed projects, but have not filed the paperwork, may need to go back and submit fresh estimates, says Marcus Jefford of Build Aviator, which prices projects.As the changes are aimed to make homes more energy efficient, they will eventually drive down heating bills. But in the short-term homeowners are likely to face higher costs for work. Materials prices are already up 25% in the last two years, according to figures from the Construction Products Association. How much overall prices will increase as a result of the rule changes is not clear. “While admirable in their intentions, they will add to the cost of housebuilding at a time when many already feel that they are priced out of homeownership,” says Rolande. “An average extension will probably see around £3,000 additional cost thanks to the new regs.”John Kelly, a construction lawyer at Freeths law firm, believes prices will eventually come down. But not in the immediate future. “As the marketplace adapts to the new requirements, and the technologies that support them, the scaling up of these technologies will eventually bring costs down, but in the short term, we will all have to pay the price of the necessary transition,” he says. However, the long-term effects of the changes will be more comfortable and energy-efficient homes, adds Andrew Mellor. “Homeowners will probably recoup that cost over time in energy bill savings. It will obviously be very volatile at the moment, but they will have that benefit over time.”[A] The rise of home prices is a temporarymatter.41.Brian Berry [B] Builders possibly need to submit newestimates of their projects.42.Gareth Belsham [C] There will be specific limits on homeextensions to prevent heat loss43.Marcus Jefford [D] The new rules will take home price to aneven higher lever.44.John Kelly [E] Many people feel that home prices arealready beyond what they can afford45.Andrew Mellor [F] The new rules will affect people whosehome extensions include new windows ordoors.[G] The rule changes will benefit homeownerseventually.【参考答案】41.D42.F43.B44.A45.GSection III Translation46. Directions:Translate following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)In the late 18th century, William Wordsworth became famous for his poems about nature. And he was one of the founders of a movement called Romanticism, which celebrated the wonders of the natural world.Poetry is powerful. Its energy and rhythm can capture a reader, transport them to another world and make them see things differently. Through carefully selected words and phrases, poems can be dramatic, funny, beautiful, moving and inspiring.No one knows for sure when poetry began but it has been around for thousands of years, even before people could write. It was a way to tell stories and pass down history. It is closely related to song and even when written it is usually created to be performed out loud. Poems really cometo life when they are recited. This can also help with understanding them too, because the rhythm and sounds of the words become clearer.【参考译文】18世纪晚期，威廉·华兹华斯因其关于自然的诗歌而闻名。