英语句子的五种基本结构

一、主谓结构

The red sun rises in the east. This kind of paper tears easily. A tiger had got out.

该句式中的谓语动词为不及物动词（vi.=intransitive verb）,所以不能接宾语或补语，也没有被动语态，但可以接修饰成分，修饰主语的的---定语，修饰谓语的---状语。主谓结构常用来表示主语的动作或状态。

练习一画出下列句子的成分。

1. In the last ten years great changes have taken place in my hometown.

2. The girls came, dancing and laughing.

3. At the meeting lots of problems concerning fund came up.

4. In front of the house grows a tall tress with thick leaves and branches.

5. It never occurred to me that he would come to help me.

练习二翻译句子。

1. 我的英语水平提高了很多。

2. 昨晚，那座桥上发生了一起交通事故。

3. 一些孩子正在操场上高兴的玩耍。

4. 会议将在什么时候举行？

5. 有多少国家要参加奥运会？

二、主谓宾结构

They laughed at the blind man. = The blind man was laughed at by them.

They carried out the plan successfully. = The plan was carried out successfully by them.

The nurse will take good care of your father. = Your father will be taken good care of by the nurse.

练习一画出下列句子的成分。

1. She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage.

2. I wondered whether to accept or refuse the offer.

3. I suggest that you listen to English programs as often as possible.

4. I appreciate your coming to our party.

5. Now the government pays more attention to the problem of education.

练习二翻译句子。

1. 我喜欢做网页。

2. 他们还未被告知什么时候出发。

3. 我盼望收到你的来信。

4. 我疑惑他为什么要放弃那样的一个好机会。

5. 我没有看到他的工作情况,无法评论他的能力。

三、主谓宾宾结构

They offer us free textbooks. We were offered free textbooks. Free textbooks were offered to us.

练习一分析句子的成分，并用to/for 进行句型转换。

1. I passed him the salt.

2. She cooked us a delicious meal.

3. The new machine will save a lot of labour.

4. She sang a folk song.

5. Her wonderful performance won her a good reputation.

练习二用主谓宾宾结翻译句子。

1. 我替你叫辆出租车好吗？

2. 那个老人正在给孩子们讲故事。

3. 只要你不失去信心，我会给你提供机会的。

4. 他把车票给列车员看。

5. 他的诚实为他赢得了人们的尊敬。

四、主谓宾宾补

He painted the wall white. = The wall was painted white.

He watched the piano carried upstairs. = The piano was watched carried upstairs.

They robbed the bank of millions of dollars. = The bank was robbed of millions of dollars.

I consider it necessary that we spend more time practising spoken English. = It is considered necessary that we spend more time practising spoken English.

练习一将下列句子变为被动语态。

1. The government has warned the villagers of the flood.

2. The boss made him work day and night.

3. Many people consider it possible for us to master two foreign languages.

4. I saw her chatting with Nancy.

练习二翻译句子。

1. 我们必须保持我们的学校清洁。

2. 我认为有必要提高我们的社交能力。

3. 我们觉得他是个诚实的人。

4. 据说他正在国外学习。

5. 我们应该禁止人们在公共场合吸烟。

五、主系表

表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当。

练习一画出句子的成分。

1. The problem is what to do with the waste water.

2. How can the water in the sea stay clean?

3. What I’d like to see is an end to all the wars.

4. It sounds as if a train is running under the house.

5. Her job is looking after the children.

练习二翻译句子。

1. 苹果派吃起来真好吃。

2.我们在任何时候都应该保持谦虚谨慎。

3.这次活动的目的就是增强人们的环保意识。

4. 解决这个问题的关键是如何筹到足够的资金。