土木工程专业英语ppt课件
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实用土木工程英语 中国建材工业出版社 PPT课件
Qanat 暗渠
the Parthenon 帕特农神庙
the Appian Way 阿庇乌大道
the Great Wall of China 长城
the Jetavanaramaya 祗陀林佛塔
• The Romans developed numerous civil structures throughout their empire, including especially aqueducts, harbors, bridges, dams and roads. Until modern times there was no clear distinction between civil engineering and architecture, and the term “engineer” and “architect” were mainly geographical variations referring to the same person, often used interchangeably.
• 土木工程是一门专业工程学科，负责设计、施 工，以及维护诸如道路、桥梁、运河、大坝和 房屋等各种人造和自然建造的环境。
• 2. What can you say about the history of civil engineering?
• 2. 你了解多少土木工程的发展历史？
• One of the earliest examples of a scientific approach to physical and mathematical problems applicable to civil engineering is the work of Archimedes in the 3rd century BC, including Archimedes Principle, which underpins our understanding of buoyancy, and practical solutions such as Archimedes’ screw.
同济大学出版社土木工程专业英语Unit4ppt课件
As you can see already from the variety of materials, forces, and shapes mentioned, Mechanics of Engineering Materials is of interest to（对..有价值）all fields of engineering. The engineer uses the principles of Mechanics of Materials to determine if the material properties and the dimensions of a member are adequate to（足以）ensure that it can carry its loads safely and without excessive distortion. In general（通 常）, then, we are interested in both the safe load that a member can carry and the associated （ 相 关 的 ） deformation. Engineering design would be a simple process if the designer could take into consideration（考 虑） the loads and the mechanical properties of the materials, manipulate（利用）an equation, and arrive at（得到）suitable dimensions.
where f is the stress at which the material fails (failure to be defined later) and n is the safety factor. 这里，f 为材料失效（失效在下文有定义）时的应力， 而n为安全系数。 It might at first（起先）seem that the designer would always dimension（选定..的尺寸）the cross section（横 截 面 ） so that the stress would exactly equal the allowable stress. However, it may be very costly to produce parts that have nonstandard sizes, so it is usually more economical to waste some material by selecting the next（接近的）larger standard size above that required by the allowable stress. Departure from（背离）standard sizes is justified（合理的） in cases where the penalty （ 不 利 后 果 ） for excess weight is very severe, as in aircraft（航天器）or space-ship（宇宙飞船）design.
土木工程专业英语PPT课件
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also determine the combination of appropriate materials: steel,
also determine the combination of appropriate materials: steel,
土木专业英语英文课程PPT课件
14. grain[grein] n.谷物, 谷类, 谷粒, 细粒, 颗粒，纹理，粒面 15. silicon [`silikәn] n.[化] 硅，硅元素 16. Manganese [`mæŋgəni:z]n.<化>锰 (元素符号为Mn) Magnesium[mæ `ni:zjәm]n.镁(元素符号为Mg) Calcium[`kæ lsiәm]n.钙 17. seashell [`si:ʃel]n.海贝壳海贝，贝壳 18. negligible[`neglidӡәbl] adj.可以忽略的, 不予重视的，微不足道的 19. synthetic [sin`Ѳetic] adj.合成的, 人造的, 综合的 20. resin [`rezin] n.树脂,胶质,人造树脂 vt. 涂树脂于 21.thermosetting [ֽΘә:mәu`setiŋ]adj.热硬化性的,热凝性的,热固性的
lju:] n.场所`]In lieu of =instead of
lieu
透露 ,告知 ,传授 ,)指抽象事物(in)+part vt.给予.=im(v.前缀，←（im`pɑ:t]] ）Im2part
Lesson 18 Building Materials P158
NEW WORDS AND PHRASES 1.elasticity [ilæ s'tisiti] n. 弹性，弹力，弹性力学 2.stiffness ['stifnis] n.坚硬, 硬度 劲度，刚度 3.secular ['sekjulә] adj.长期的, 世俗的，现世的，非宗教的 4.temple ['templ] n. 坦普尔(姓氏) 庙，寺，神殿，教堂 5.pyramid [`pirәmid]n.金字塔,叠罗汉金字塔,四面体(角锥、棱椎),
土木工程专业英语武汉理工大学出版社lPPT课件
决定把桥建成梁、悬臂、桁架、拱、悬索或其他类 型结构的主要因素是：（1）地点，如跨越河流；（2） 目的，如建桥为了方便交通；（3）跨度；（4）可用 材料强度；（5）花费；（6）美观和和谐性。
5
Each type of bridge is most effective and economical only within a certain range of span lengths, as shown in the following table: .
§8 Bridge Design and Construction 桥的设计与建造
1. New words analysis accessory= access(increased)ory Derrick=from Derrick, the surname of a
London hangman Debris=orign early 18th cent.: from French
project, the land needed for the bridge and its approaches
is acquired at the selected site.
如果研究认为其可行信，那么桥选址和占地问题将
着手处理。
3
At this point, field engineering work is started. Accurate land surveys are made.
The chief factors in deciding whether a bridge will be built as a girder , cantilever , truss , arch , suspension , or some other type are： (1) location；for example, cross a river ;(2)purposes ; for example , a bridge for carrying motor vehicles ; ( 3 ) span length ; ( 4 ) strength of available materials ; ( 5 ) cost ; ( 6 ) beauty and harmony with the location .
5
Each type of bridge is most effective and economical only within a certain range of span lengths, as shown in the following table: .
§8 Bridge Design and Construction 桥的设计与建造
1. New words analysis accessory= access(increased)ory Derrick=from Derrick, the surname of a
London hangman Debris=orign early 18th cent.: from French
project, the land needed for the bridge and its approaches
is acquired at the selected site.
如果研究认为其可行信，那么桥选址和占地问题将
着手处理。
3
At this point, field engineering work is started. Accurate land surveys are made.
The chief factors in deciding whether a bridge will be built as a girder , cantilever , truss , arch , suspension , or some other type are： (1) location；for example, cross a river ;(2)purposes ; for example , a bridge for carrying motor vehicles ; ( 3 ) span length ; ( 4 ) strength of available materials ; ( 5 ) cost ; ( 6 ) beauty and harmony with the location .
Lesson 07 Bridge(土木工程专业英语)PPT课件
土木工程专业英语
1
Lesson 7 Bridge 桥梁
New words and phrases:
valley 山谷 obstacle 障碍 aqueduct 沟渠；水道 pedestrian 行人 barge 游艇 isolated 孤立的；隔离的 log 圆木 vine 藤蔓 slant 倾斜 swift 迅速 subsoil 地基；地下
藤条被系在要跨越的溪流和峡谷两边的树木或岩石上。一根 或几根藤条被用来行走。其他的藤条被挂在几英尺高处用来供手 抓。
土木工程专业英语
6
Bridge
Although vine bridges are usually unstable, some built by the Incas were strong and stable enough to be used by the invading Spanish soldiers and their horses.
许多高架渠桥梁承担起了沟渠和驳船交通，这些桥梁大多数 修建于19世纪的欧洲；其中至少有一座，在纽约的肯尼迪机场， 是用来在公路上方运送滑行的飞机。
土木工程专业英语
3
aqueduct bridges
土木工程专业英语
4
Bridge
The first bridges built by man probably resembled those still being constructed by primitive peoples in isolated regions.
到目前为止，大多数桥梁是被设计用来承担汽车和铁路交通， 但是也有一些是只用作行人通行。
A number of aqueduct bridges, mostly erected in Europe in the 19th century, carry canals and their barge traffic；and at least one bridge, at New York City’s Kennedy AirPort, serves to carry taxying aircraft over a highway.
1
Lesson 7 Bridge 桥梁
New words and phrases:
valley 山谷 obstacle 障碍 aqueduct 沟渠；水道 pedestrian 行人 barge 游艇 isolated 孤立的；隔离的 log 圆木 vine 藤蔓 slant 倾斜 swift 迅速 subsoil 地基；地下
藤条被系在要跨越的溪流和峡谷两边的树木或岩石上。一根 或几根藤条被用来行走。其他的藤条被挂在几英尺高处用来供手 抓。
土木工程专业英语
6
Bridge
Although vine bridges are usually unstable, some built by the Incas were strong and stable enough to be used by the invading Spanish soldiers and their horses.
许多高架渠桥梁承担起了沟渠和驳船交通，这些桥梁大多数 修建于19世纪的欧洲；其中至少有一座，在纽约的肯尼迪机场， 是用来在公路上方运送滑行的飞机。
土木工程专业英语
3
aqueduct bridges
土木工程专业英语
4
Bridge
The first bridges built by man probably resembled those still being constructed by primitive peoples in isolated regions.
到目前为止，大多数桥梁是被设计用来承担汽车和铁路交通， 但是也有一些是只用作行人通行。
A number of aqueduct bridges, mostly erected in Europe in the 19th century, carry canals and their barge traffic；and at least one bridge, at New York City’s Kennedy AirPort, serves to carry taxying aircraft over a highway.
土木工程专业英语45933PPT课件
除了仅仅作为住处之外，由土木工程师建造的住处提供了一个和 平而舒适的生活。
Since then, the term civil engineer has often been to refer to engineers who build public facilities, although the field is much broader.
运输工程是人和物安全而有效运动的学科，它是土木工程的一个 子学科。
The planning aspects of transportation engineering relate to urban planning, and involve technical forecasting decisions and political factors.
舒适而安全的生活。
The engineering marvels of the world, starting from the pyramids to today’s shell structure, are the results of the development in civil engineering.
由于在任何运输系统中，旅客的运输需求最大，因此在运输工程
中旅客的运输成为了焦点。 第7页/共41页
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Contents
Fluid mechanics, hydraulics and hydraulic machines, in this branch of engineering, civil engineers deal with the properties and behavior of fluids at rest or in motion.
Since then, the term civil engineer has often been to refer to engineers who build public facilities, although the field is much broader.
运输工程是人和物安全而有效运动的学科，它是土木工程的一个 子学科。
The planning aspects of transportation engineering relate to urban planning, and involve technical forecasting decisions and political factors.
舒适而安全的生活。
The engineering marvels of the world, starting from the pyramids to today’s shell structure, are the results of the development in civil engineering.
由于在任何运输系统中，旅客的运输需求最大，因此在运输工程
中旅客的运输成为了焦点。 第7页/共41页
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Contents
Fluid mechanics, hydraulics and hydraulic machines, in this branch of engineering, civil engineers deal with the properties and behavior of fluids at rest or in motion.
土木工程专业英语介绍ppt课件
土木工程专业英语介绍
• civil engineering 土木工程 • design of building and civil engineering
structures • steel structure • building engineering • Slab-colume system • Frame structure 工程结构设计 钢结构 房屋建筑工程 板柱结构 框架结构
road and bridge(道路与桥梁) Employment oriented: the road transport department, engaged in road, city road, bridge and tunnel engineering exploration and design, test, maintenance and repair technology and management.
rock-soil（岩土） Classification: industry and civil architecture (工业和民用建筑)
road and bridge(道路与桥梁)
geotechnical engineering（岩土工程）
Geotechnical engineering is a branch of civil engineering, is the application of engineering geology, soil mechanics, rock mechanics, rock soil engineering to solve a technical problem of all kinds of Engineering science. According to the construction phases, work content can be divided into: geotechnical engineering, geotechnical engineering, geotechnical engineering, geotechnical engineering monitoring, geotechnical engineering testing.
• civil engineering 土木工程 • design of building and civil engineering
structures • steel structure • building engineering • Slab-colume system • Frame structure 工程结构设计 钢结构 房屋建筑工程 板柱结构 框架结构
road and bridge(道路与桥梁) Employment oriented: the road transport department, engaged in road, city road, bridge and tunnel engineering exploration and design, test, maintenance and repair technology and management.
rock-soil（岩土） Classification: industry and civil architecture (工业和民用建筑)
road and bridge(道路与桥梁)
geotechnical engineering（岩土工程）
Geotechnical engineering is a branch of civil engineering, is the application of engineering geology, soil mechanics, rock mechanics, rock soil engineering to solve a technical problem of all kinds of Engineering science. According to the construction phases, work content can be divided into: geotechnical engineering, geotechnical engineering, geotechnical engineering, geotechnical engineering monitoring, geotechnical engineering testing.
土木工程专业英语介绍ppt课件
Some of the civil engineering specialty
the Leaning Tower of Pisa 比萨斜塔
China Central Television 中央电视台
Burj Dubai
迪拜塔
high-rise buildings 高层建筑
Tall building 高耸建筑
road and bridge(道路与桥梁) Employment oriented: the road transport department, engaged in road, city road, bridge and tunnel engineering exploration and design, test, maintenance and repair technology and management.
industry and civil architecture(工业和民用建筑)
Industrial and civil construction mainly for the construction enterprises, the installation unit, design units, the owners, supervision and management departments at all levels of training in the practical and technical talents construction technology, project management, construction engineering budget, engineering construction supervision etc. Many aspects of industrial and civil buildings after graduation to participate in the architectural design units, construction units, construction engineering budget, engineering budget audit, supervision of construction projects, enterprises and institutions infrastructure management work.
土木工程专业英语(第二版-段兵延)第1课课件
Environmental specialists study the project’s impact on the local area： the potential for air and groundwater pollution，the project’s impact on local animal and plant life，and how the project can be designed to meet government requirements aimed at protecting the environment．
• Subcontractor=sub(次、下)+contractor(承包商) • Combustible=combust(燃烧)+ible(可能的)=可燃的
学习交流PPT
3
Words
• 2. geotechnical [dʒi:əu'teknikəl]岩土工程的
• geo-[构词成分]：地球、土地
materials and labor，schedule all work，order materials and equipment
for the job，hire contractors and subcontractors，and perform other
supervisory work to ensure the project is completed on time and as
从那以后，土木工程这个术语已经被用来指那些修建公 共设施的工程师们，尽管这个领域比以前更广。
学习交流PPT
8
Scope 范围
•
Because it is so broad，civil engineering is subdivided into a number
• Subcontractor=sub(次、下)+contractor(承包商) • Combustible=combust(燃烧)+ible(可能的)=可燃的
学习交流PPT
3
Words
• 2. geotechnical [dʒi:əu'teknikəl]岩土工程的
• geo-[构词成分]：地球、土地
materials and labor，schedule all work，order materials and equipment
for the job，hire contractors and subcontractors，and perform other
supervisory work to ensure the project is completed on time and as
从那以后，土木工程这个术语已经被用来指那些修建公 共设施的工程师们，尽管这个领域比以前更广。
学习交流PPT
8
Scope 范围
•
Because it is so broad，civil engineering is subdivided into a number
最新土木工程专业英语(桥梁方向)精品课件
周次 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
课程安排 引言，语法特点,词汇特点，常用符号公式表达 科技文章翻译技巧
Unit 1 Reinforced Concrete Bridges 钢筋混凝土桥 Unit 2 Prestressed Concrete Bridges 预应力混凝土桥 Unit 3 Segmental Concrete Bridges 节段施工的混凝土桥（1） Unit 3 Segmental Concrete Bridges 节段施工的混凝土桥（2） Unit 4 Steel-Concrete Composite I-Girder Bridges 钢-砼组合板梁桥
第十五页，共42页。
2.1 Grammar Features
(3) 省略句使用(shǐyòng()精频炼) 繁 省略成分：状语从句中的主语、全部或部分谓语；定语从句中的关系代词 (dàicí)which和that、从句中的助词等；还常用介词短语替代从句。
1) If it is possible, the closed-loop control approach should be used in this system.
(3) 省略句使用频繁 (4) It句型和祈使句使用频繁 (5) 复杂长句使用频繁 (6) 后置形容词短语作定语多
第八页，共42页。
2.1 Grammar Features
(1) 广泛(guǎngfàn)使用被(客动观性语)态
主体(zhǔtǐ)多为客观的事物、现象和过程，在叙述推理过程中切忌加进作者个人 的主观臆断；
The arch bridge shown in Fig.1 is a fixed arch.
图1中表示(biǎoshì)的拱是无铰拱。
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六、 长句(the long complex sentence)
This paper presents the results from a series of consolidateddrained triaxial compression tests that were performed on precut and polished cylindrical clay specimens to measure the drained residual strength. 本文展示了一系列对按规格裁剪并抛光处理的圆柱粘土试件 进行排水固结的三轴压缩试验的结果，以测量其排水残余强 度。
缩略词
lab (laboratory); math (mathematics); ft (foot/feet); CAD (computer aided design)； FEM (finite element method); DEM (discrete element method), in (inch)
Similarities
听，说， 读，写
大学英语
专业英语
语法
Specialty English and College English
Differences
日常应 用
科技文献 阅读翻译
大学 英语
基础
专业 英语
进阶
专业英语的特点
一、大量使用名词化结构（Nominalization)
When mass concrete is constructed, side-dump cars on narrow-gage track or belt conveyers may be used. 对大 体积混凝土施工，可能会用到窄轨式侧卸式汽车或者传送带。 For mass concrete construction, side-dump cars on narrow-gage track or belt conveyers may be used.
四、后置定语（the postposition)
介词短语
The forces due to friction are called frictional forces. 由于摩擦而产生的力称为摩擦 力。介词短语due to的使用避免了because从句的使用
副词，分词
The force upward equals the force downward so that the balloon stays at the level. 向上 的力与向下的力相等，所以气球保持在这个高度。 The heat produced is equal to the electrical energy wasted. 产生的热能等于浪费了的 热能。过去分词表达被动在科技文献中被广泛的应用。
名词化结构，一方面简化了同位语从句，另一方面强调 construction 这个过程
二、广泛使用被动语句（the passive)
Though we should cast the columns continuously, we should place the concrete in 2 to 4-ft-deep increments and consolidate the concrete with internal vibrators. We should lift the vibrators after we vibrating each increment. Though columns should be continuously casted, the concrete should be
定语从句
During construction, problems often arise which require design changes.在施工过程中， 常会出现需要改变设计的问题。
五、 复合词语缩略词(the compound and the abbreviation)
复合词
Shotcrete; over-vibration; work-harden; water-cementitious-materials-ratio; side-dump; triaxial
*主要的信息置于句首；尽量避免使用第一第二人称
三、非限定动词（the nonrestrictive verb)
A direct current is a current which flows always in the same direction. A direct current is a current flowing in the same direction. 在科技英语中，不常使用非 限制定语从句，而使用非限 定动词，即非谓语动词 在科技文献中，一般将how， wh-词引导的从句转换成how， wh-词引导的不定式短语。ed in 2-to 4-ft-deep increments and consolidated with internal vibrators.
These should be lifted after each increment has been vibrated.
英国利兹大学John Swales统计，科技英语中的位于至少1/3是被动 语态, 便于强调与客观，保持语句简洁
In the construction, the problem of casting is how concrete is conveyed from the mixer to the certain point. In the construction, the problem of casting is how to convey concrete from the mixer to the certain point.
土木工程专业英语
本课程的学习目标
掌握约3000 个土木工程常 用专业词汇；
掌握初步的土 木工程技术文 献阅读、理解 能力；
掌握初步的科 技论文文摘翻 译方法；
本课程的内容
Part 1: 视频
地震方面的基础知识
Part 2: 短文翻译
混凝土浇筑
Part 3: 科技论文结构讲解
土力学直剪实验
Specialty English and College English