2023年3月上海市高级口译资格第一阶段笔试真题试卷及答案
英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段试题
上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段试题（06.9）1:(30 )A:: , a . . . .. . a (1) , . I (2) .(3). , (4). , (5) . a (6) , a , , , (7) .(8).. (9) ? I (10). , , , (11). , 30 , (12) !(一三). , , . (14)., (一五) , (16) . (17) .(一八), , . a ‘’ ‘’ . a , (19) . , (20).B:: . , . , . .1 5 .1. (A) 85 .(B) , .(C) .(D) .2. (A) .(B) a “ ” .(C) .(D) 100.3. (A) , , , .(B) , , , .(C) , , , .(D) , , , .4. (A) a .(B) .(C) a , .(D) , , .5. (A) .(B) .(C) a .(D) .6 10 .6. (A) 3 20 .(B) a .(C) .(D) 2050.7. (A) .(B) a ’s .(C) .(D) .(B) .(C) .(D) a .9. (A) 6 7.(B) 8 10.(C) 11 16.(D) 17 25.10. (A) .(B) .(C) .(D) .11 一五 .11. (A) A . (B) A . (C) . (D) .12. (A) .(B) .(C) . (D) .一三. (A) .(B) (C) A .(D) .14. (A) ——. (B) ——.(C) ——. (D) ——.一五. (A) . (B) . (C) . (D) .16 20 .16. (A) . (B) ’ .(C) , . (D) , .17. (A) . (B) ’ .(C) . (D) ’ .一八. (A) . (B) . (C) a . (D) a .19. (A) . (B) .(C) . (D) .20. (A) ’s .(B) ’s .(C) ’s .(D) ’ ’s .2:(30 ): . . , (A), (B), (C) (D), . .1—5a a a a . , , . , , ,a . , ’s , a , . ’s , , .’s . “ a , ’t ,” , a , a , 25 . ,a ’t . , , , .. a ’t , ’t , a a ’t . “ , ,” , a . “.” , . , . “ ’ , ,” ,a , ’ . , , “ a , ‘’ . , a .”, , . “ ’t . ,” , a ,a ’s . ’s a , , , . “ ,” , a a ( ), . , . , .1. ?(A) a .(B) a .(C) .(D) .(A)(B)(C)(D)3. ?(A) A ’s .(B) .(C) .(D) .4. “” “ ,” (.3) .(A)(B)(C)(D)5. “ ” (.4) .(A)(B)(C)(D)6—10: , , . a , ’ . , ., ’s . 1998, (), . , . a — a — a . , , “ ” . a , . “ ,” ., . ( a a .) , a 2005; ’s .’s . , —’t . “ a ,” , ., ’s , , . ? ’s , “I’m , .” , . , . “ a ’s ,” , . “ .”6. , , ’ , .(A)(B)(C)(D)7. “ ”(.2) .(A)(B) ’(C)(D) ’s8. “ ” “ ’s ” (.3) .(A)(B)(C)(D)9. “ ’s .”(.4), “ ” .(A)(B)(C)10. “ .” (.5), “ ” .(A) a(B) a(C) a(D) a11—一五’s , 50,000 . . : 3.5 ,a , . , . , , — . , : .20 , . ’s .? , ’ . , , ., , , , . a ’ . , , $800 . , , ’10 . , .a ; ’s . , , . .1960s, . ’t . , . , . . : , ;’s . . ’s .. , . , ( a a ).a ., . . . , , : 2 2020, . ,a . a , . . , , . ’s .11. ?(A) ’s .(B) .(C) .(D) ’s .12. “” “ ’s .” (. l) .(A) .(B) .(C) .(D) .一三. ’s ?(A) .(B) .(C) .(D) .14. “ .” (.4), .(A)(B)(C)(D)一五. ’s .(A)(B)(C)(D)16—20. , : ’s . —’s — ., , . ’s 2007 a 50 . a ’s , ’s a .A 50 “ a ” a ’s , , ., ’s a . a “ ,” , . , “ ” “ ,” .. , , a . : , . ’s ., ——, ’t “,” , a . —, , . , , ’s “” . . , .. , , ’s .’s 10 . . , a , , a .“’s a a a . ’s a ,” . . “ .”16. , : .(A) , , ’s(B) , ,(C) , ,(D) ’s , ,17. “ , , .” (.3), .(A)(B) ’s(C)(D)一八. a 50 ’s 2007 “ a ” (.4), .(A)(B)(C) ,(D)19. , ’s 10 .(A)(B)(C)(D)20. ?(A) a(B) ’s(C) .(D) 2007: A3:(30 ): .A . , — .“ ”—’s 14 一八68. 1 , , : “ , , .”, , , . , a , .“ ’t , a . ,” . “ a ; ’ ’ , I ’t .”4:(30 )A:: a . . , ” a a . .(1) , (2). ? (3) , . , a (4). (5) .a (6). (7) . (8) . (9) , 10% (10) , 5%(11). , , a (12).(一三). (14), (一五) (16). ’t . ’s ’s (17) ., (一八) . , ? (19). ’t a (20), , ’t a !B:1.: , 5 . . , .(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)2.: , 2 . . , . .(1)(2)5:(30 ): . .1—35,000 , a . a , a ., . , , a , a : “”. 60 一五 . A a ,, , a 8 , , 6. 一五 5. 6½, 8.. “ . ,” . “ . a . .a .”, , a . “ a a ,” . .’s , , a , , .. £24 a , 75 ., , ’s . “ ’t a . a , a . , ,” .’S A24 a75aa .7,000, ,6191. ?2. ’s ? a .3. ’s ’s ?4—6’d , . . “ a ,” . “ .”. ’s . ’s , a , , ’s . “ a , ,” ,a . “ a .”. , . “ ,” . ’s a , , a . “’ a a ,” ’s . “ a , ’t , ‘’ .’“’s a ’s , 1988, a . , , : A , ’s . “I ’t ,90 ,” . “ a , I ’t .”a . “ , a ,” . . “ ... .”, , , . , . “ ... ” , ’s . “[’s] a .” (512 )4. ’s ? “ a ”?5. ’s ? ’s ?6. :a) “ a .”(.2)b) “ a , I ’t .”(.4)7—10, 90 a . . . . . a ., a a , ’s . , , .’s 256 , 一三 . , — . , .a . a a , . “ 1 2001, ,” , 20, a . “ , ..” a a $195,000 26 . a , a a . “ ,” ., , . , a 一五% .. , , . “ I , ,” , a 1990s .“ , ,” . “ . ’t .” . , “ [ ] [] .”11% 1999. , a , 3.0 , . ’s .’s , ’s ’s . , ’s : . “ 21 ,” . “ .” (651 )8. 4 “ a .”9. “ ” (.6)?10. “ ” ? ?6:(30 ):中华文明历来注重亲仁善邻，讲求和睦相处。
2023年3月英语高级口译考试笔试真题+音频+答案
2023年3月英语高级口译考试笔试真题+音频+答案 2023年3月英语高级口译考试笔试真题+音频+答案英语高级级口译资格证书第一阶段考试SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)Part A: Spot Dictation http://tr.hjenglishDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear. the passage ONLY ONCE.I ve been reading some very interesting research recently. It is about how people s moods are_______________(1). In the past decade or so. there has been a great deal of speculation about the relationship between the two. You know, how they always say that people ________________(2) are more outgoing than those from the north. Well, it seems that there ____________(3) in it. Through many years of research, some scientists have been able to show that if you are ______________(4) a certainminimum amount of sunlight only, whether in summer or winter, you may well become _____________(5). A researcher took a group of fifty people living in the northern part of Finland who went to their doctor in the winter months and ___________(6).In that part of Finland, which is a Northern European greater validity, chose as wide________________(7) a day. The researcher, in order to achieve greater validity, chose as wide_______________(8)as he could-theseweremenandwomen, who were ________________(9) and had different j obs or professional careers, as a couple of Americans. Half of the group ______________(12) a regular amount of time on a snubbed and the other half of the group were given some ______________(13) which are used to relieve depression. After the treatment, the snubbed group actually showed a faster and ________________(14) than the pill group. Twenty out of the 25 people in the snubbed group reported that they felt considerably better after only ___________________(15) whereas the same number of people in the pill group said that they_________________(16) after seven days. All of the sunbed group said that they felt considerably better________________(17) of using the suned whereas two of thepill users still claimed that they ________________(18) after six weeks of pill-taking and ten of the pill group still felt marginally better. ________________(19) seemed particularly responsive to the sunbed treatment but there was _________________(20) between the responses ofdifferent nationalities.Part B: Listening Comprehension http://tr.hjenglishDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWERQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following radio programme.1. (A) Because she is too busy finding information in the library.(B) Because she sees the use of the Internet as too great a challenge for her.(C) Because she herself has not yet got connected to the Internet.(D) Because the use of the Internet is not convenient or cheap.2. (A) The places she is particularly interested in.(B) The places she hasjust found that day.(C) Some electronic company sites.(D) Some advertising pages.3. (A) Marvell Electronics. (B) Andrew Marvel.(C) English language pages. (D)The University of California.4. (A) An interactive page.(B) A village in Suffolk.(C) A house surrounded by soldiers and tanks.(D) One of the regiments surrounding a house.5. (A) A little bit sad. (B) Somewhat amused.(C) Quite happy. (D) Very much daunted.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news. http://tr.hjenglish6. (A) A big cut in the rate of unemployment.(B) A major increase in military spending.(C) A boost in funding for domestic security.(D) A reduction in government expenditure.7. (A) An agreement on bilateral trade.(B) An agreement to solve controversial labour union issues.(C) A treaty to settle the disputes over theterritorial waters.(D) A basic accord concerning an investment pact.8. (A) Three. (B) Four.(C) Six. (D) Seven.9. (A) The Indian troops penetrated the Pakistani territory.(B) The Pakistani reserve divisions started to take up battle positions.(C) Both sides called for a temporary 24-hour cease-fire. http://tr.hjenglish(D) The two countries shelled each other s territories.10. (A) A group of five wanted to hijack the plane.(B) A man attempted to blow up the airliner.(C) There was a mechanical fault with one engine.(D) One passenger was found to hold a false passport. Questions 11 to 15 are based on the followinginterview.11. (A) When she was 50.(B) Less than 20 years ago.(C) A little more than 20 years ago.(D) Around 30 years ago.12. (A) They find it difficult to get jobs in law.(B) They can t practice full time.(C) They get married and have children.(D) They find the pay is not competitive.13. (A) She feels that she is helping people solve problems. http://tr.hjenglish(B) She is completely free to schedule her own time.(C) She is amply rewarded through hard work.(D) She thinks that her career wins her high respect.14. (A) Family cases are often reserved for female barristers.(B) Male and female barristers are not treated equally.(C) Barristers have to wear wigs and gowns butsolicitors are not allowed to.(D) Thejob is very demanding on her time.15. (A) The femalejudges are tougher on women than malejudges.(B) The malejudges are not so sympathetic to women as femalejudges.(C) Clients are sometimes trained as to how to behavetowards female barristers.(D) Male and female barristers retire at approximately the same age.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.16. (A) Offering explanations for a broken personality.(B) Advertising a product for relieving depression.(C) Discussing what is responsible for low moods.http://tr.hjenglish(D) Recommending ways to fight bad feelings.17. (A) A radio announcer. (B) A television presenter.(C) A psychiatrist. (D) A magazine editor.18. (A) Loneliness is only something that we sufferfrom sometimes.(B) Only a few people around us feel lonely from timeto time.(C) Lonely people are advised to take some tablets.(D) Eating and drinking at fixed times kill loneliness. http://tr.hjenglish19. (A) Join a local sports club. (B) Attend evening classes.(C) Ask people round to stay with you. (D) Do shopping with new friends.20. (A) Buy a leaflet on loneliness. (B) Send an envelope to Weekly News.(C) Phone the speaker again.这篇文章到此就结束了，欢迎大家下载使用并分享给更多有需要的人，感谢阅读！。
上海英语高级口译资格证书第1阶段测试F1参考答案
上海英语高级口译资格证书第1阶段测试F1参考答案A 卷参考答案:Part APassage 1:数年前还鲜为人知的电子网络产业，时至今日已成为一个国家国民生活的重要组成部分。
越来越多的人在使用人们所知道的“信息高速公路”。
信息高速公路是一种大规模的全国范围，乃至全球范围电子通信网络系统，可以传送任何形式的记录信息。
∥用户只要在当地“因特网”服务点付费入网，便可在电脑终端机上获取有时事、教育、科研、金融、医疗保健、气象、娱乐、购物等内容的信息。
电子网络产业已经极大地改变并将继续改变我们的生活。
Passage 2:英国希望和中国建立一种面向21 世纪的长期、稳定、友好的合作关系。
英中两国都有古老的文明和相互交往的悠久历史。
自从建交以来，两国在各个领域中的合作取得了卓越的进步。
∥中国在亚洲及国际事务中正发挥越来越重要的作用。
虽然英中两国有着不同的国情、社会制度、文化传统和经济发展水平，但没有根本的利害冲突。
良好的英中合作不仅有利于两国的利益，而且有利于世界和平、稳定和发展。
Part BPassage 1:In terms of Chinese food, it is popularly recognized well knownthat Chinese cuisine isworld-famous for its perfect combination of “color, aroma, taste and appearance”. China’sunique culinary art owes itself to the country’s long history, vast territory and hospitabletradition.∥Chinese cuisine gives emp hasis to the selection of raw materials. The texture of food, theblending of seasonings, slicing techniques, the perfect timing of cooking and the art of laying outthe food on the plate. Among the best-known schools of Chinese culinary tradition are theCantonese. Shandong. Huai-Yang and Sichuan cuisines, traditionally known as “the light flavorof the south, the salty flavor of the north, the sweet flavor of the east and the spicy-hot flavor ofthe west”.Passage 2:Panzhihua, once a poverty-stricken minority area in southern Sichuan Province, hasdeveloped into one of China’ major iron and steel and hydropower bases after three decades ofefforts. The city, located on the boundary of Sichuan and Yunnan provinces, has abundantmineral and hydropower resources.∥The construction of the Panzhihua Iron and Steel Co., a key state project with an annualoutput of 3 million tons of steel, hasfundamentally changed the area’s outlook.Besides,Panzhihua enjoys a sub-tropical climate; so it is endowed with excellent and unique conditionsfor developing agriculture.口译题录音文字稿：Part ADirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. After you have heardeach passage, interpret it into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal...and stop it at thesignal...You may take notes while you are listening. Remember you will hear the passages onlyonce. Now let’s begin Part A with the first passage.Passage 1:The electronic network industry, which was virtually unknown years ago, has become avital part of a country’s national life. More and more people are making use of what is popularlyknown as the “information superhighway”. Information superhighway is a large-scalenationwide, or worldwide, electronic communications network system, capable of transmittingjust about any fo rm of recorded data.∥By subscribing to a local Internet service, a user can obtain information from the computerterminal, including information from the computer terminal, including information about currentevents, education.Scientific research, finance, medical care, weather, entertainment andshopping. The electronic network industry has dramatically changed, and will continue tochange, the way we live.Passage 2:Britain wishes to establish a long-term, stable and friendlyco-operative relation with Chinathat is oriented towards the 21st century. Britain and China have ancient civilizations and a longhistory of mutual exchanges. Remarkable progress has been made in cooperation in variousfields since the two countries established diplomatic ties.∥China is playing an increasingly important role in Asian and international affairs, andalthough Britain and China have different national conditions, social systems, cultural traditionsand levels of economic development, there is no fundamental conflict of interest. The improvedBritish-Chinese cooperation serves not only the interests of the two nations, but also those ofworld peace, stability and development.Part BDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in Chinese. After you have heardeach passage, interpret it into English. Start interpreting at the signal...andstop it at thesignal...You may take notes while you are listening. Remember you will hear the passages onlyonce. Now let’s begin Part A with the first passage.Passage 1:说起中餐，人们都知道中餐烹饪以其“色、香、味、形”俱全而著称于世。
上海英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试D1参考答案
Part A Passage 1: 纽约因⼈⽽异可以是两类城市中的⼀种：对旅游观光客来说，那是⼀座⼈流拥挤、汽车喇叭声不停、交通堵塞、街道肮脏、地铁闷臭的城市—所有这⼀切同华尔街和联合国⼤厦等国际性标志性建筑形成了鲜明的对照。
// 然⽽，对⼤多数本地居民和上班族来说，纽约只不过是⼀个巨⼤繁忙的商业活动场所 —到晚上，就应该⽴即离开，前往环境更加宁静的地区。
当然，纽约仍然是西半球⼈⼝最多、最繁华的⼤都市。
Passage 2: 贵⽅产品改进后的式样给我留下了深刻的印象。
产品有新意，⽽⼯艺尚不尽如⼈意。
不过我还是打算询个价。
这是⼀份我所感兴趣的产品的购物单，请您给我⼀个有效期为30天、⽬的港为旧⾦⼭的到岸价。
您知道我是⼀个诚⼼诚意的⼤买主。
当然，我的采购量则完全取决于贵⽅的报盘。
得到您的底价后我想与您讨论⼀下付款⽅式问题。
Part B Passage 1: Welcome to the Shanghai Museum. Completed in the 90s, the Shanghai Museum is a large museum equipped with modern facilities. Its bronze ware collection is a fine treasure of the Chinese cultural heritage highly respected in the world. // The Shanghai museum also displays over 500 pieces of the finest ceramics as well as nearly 200 pieces of sculpture, with the Buddhist sculpture and figurine modeling art as the main subject. Each of these exhibits depicts the artistic styles of different historical periods. Passage 2: In the past, China was called “the sick man of East Asia”. Not a single Chinese name could be found among the top world-class athletes or world-record holders in competitive sports before 1949. // The founding of the People’s Republic of China brought fundamental changes to the field of sports, and the skills of Chinese athletes improved quickly. By 1996, Chinese athletes had won 2563 world championship titles. ⼝译题录⾳⽂字稿： Part A Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. After you have heard each passage, interpret it into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal… and stop it at the signal… You may take notes while you are listening. Remember you will hear the passages only once. Now let’s begin Part A with the first passage. Passage 1: New York is, depending on one’s point of view, any one of the two cities: to the tourists, it is a city of hurrying crowds, horn-blowing traffic jams, dirty streets and smelly subways—all in sharp contrast to such international symbols as Wall Street and the United Nations Building, // but to most local inhabitants and commuters, it is simply an enormous and busy working field associated with business activities— a place to leave as soon as possible in the evening for the more peaceful atmosphere of the suburban areas. But of course, New York remains to be the most populous, flourishing and prosperous metropolitan city in the Western Hemisphere. Passage 2: I’m very impressed by the improved design of your products. They have a novel appeal, though the workmanship is not so desirable. Anyway, I’d like to make an inquiry. This is my list of interested items and I’d like to hear your quotations on a C. I. F. basis valid for 30 days to San Francisco.// You know I’m a serious and bulk buyer. But of course, my intended amount of purchase is definitely dependent on your offer. I’d also like to discuss the terms of payment with you as soon as I get your floor price. Part B Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in Chinese. After you have heard each passage, interpret it into English. Start interpreting at the signal… and stop it at the signal… you may take notes while you’re listening. Remember you will hear the passages only once. Now, let’s begin Part B with the first passage. Passage 1: 欢迎各位参观上海博物馆。
上海英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试G1
SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)Part A: Note-taking and Gap-fillingDirections: In this part of the test you will hear a short talk. You will hear the talk only once.While listening to the talk, you may take notes no the important points so that you can have enough information to complete a gap filling task on a separate ANSWER BOOKLET. Youare required to write ONE word or figure only in each lank. You will not get your ANSWER BOOKLET until after you have listened to the talk.Advertising is important to companies because no company can make a ________(1) onany product unless it advertises it first in the ____________(2). There are three categories of media: print, broadcast and __________(3). The print media consist of newspapers and________(4). Newspaper ads can reach large numbers of people, but they are not very___________(5) or glamorous. Magazine advertisement allows a business to direct its ads to the people who are most ___________(6) in the product, but it can be very expensive. The broadcast media include __________(7) and television. Of all the media, television is the most dramatic.so television ads are easy to __________(8).What's more, almost everybody watches TV, and most TV programmes are broadcast_______(9). TV ads are viewed by millions of people all over the country. TV advertisement is enormously ___________(10).The most common direct medium is the __________(11). The advantage is that the ad goes directly in the ___________(12) customer's hands. But these ads are often called “________(13) mail”, and are thrown away without being ___________(14).Another direct medium is _____________(15), those huge signs on the street. The messageon billboards is ____________(16), but it has to be very _________(17). The third type of direct medium is signs and ____________(18), which are usually used in point of purchase advertising and can be found in ______________(19) and shop windows. The advantage is that they are______________(20).Part B: Listening and TranslationⅠSentence TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 English sentences. You will hear the sentences only once. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.(1)___________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ (2)___________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ (3)___________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ (4)___________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ (5)___________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________Ⅱ. Passage TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 English passages. You will hear the passages only once. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write you version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.(1)___________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _________(2)___________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________SECTION 5: READING TEST (30 minutes)Directions: Read the following passages and then answer INCOMPLETE SENTENCES thequestions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just readand write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1～3A “Campaign for Real Braille” has been set up after plans to introduce capital letters intothe braille alphabet have split the blind community.The Braille Authority of the United Kingdom (BAUK) has announced that by 2000it isintroducing capital letters into a code which has previously only used lower-case characters.Supporters say that it is necessary because of the increasing use of capitals as abbreviations,as well as their use in e-mail addresses. It will also bring the UK in line with otherEnglish-speaking countries.But opponents, such as Sara Morgan, the 25-year-old founder of the campaign, argue it willpush up costs and make books more cumbersome. “There aren't many industries where theyactively make costs go up,” she said. “What I think in particularly ironic, though, is the factthis is going to come in at the same time as the Disability Discrimination Act. So, just as we'reasking restaurants to provide braille menus we're making it more expensive to do so.”Braille, devised by Louis Braille in the 19th century is based upon a system of six raiseddots arranged to represent each character in the alphabet and several short-form words. Around12,000 people use braille in this country.BAUK said that it took the decision to go-ahead with plans to introduce capitals after aquestionnaire completed by 1,200 braille readers showed that a majority was in favour ofchange.The secretary of BAUK, Stephen Phippen, said: “The reason the decision was made wason the basis of the questionnaire, answered by individual members, not on what BAUKthought.”Overall 46 per cent of people were in favour of introducing a capital letter sign wherever acapital letter appears in print and just under 30 per cent were against. Among the respondentsclassing themselves as visually impaired (those who have some ability to read by sight) it wasmore popular compared to those who can read braille only by touch.Ms Morgan said the figures showed “there wasn't even a majority”. But Mr. Phippen said:“Those in favour were more or less 50 per cent. Those against were roughly half that. So twiceas many people are in favour as against.”A spokesman for the National Library for the Blind said a survey done by it in 1994/5found readers were not in favour. The results of the BAUK survey however convinced them, anda spokesman said they would implement the change.“We recognise t h e r e a r e a d v a n t a g e s a n db r b d s f i d = " 1 76 " > d i s a d v a n t a g e s a n d w e s h a l l b e w o r k i n g w i t h o u r r e a d e r s t o h e l p t h e m u n d e r s t a n d h o w th i s b r b d s f i d = " 1 7 7 " > s y m b o l w i l l o p e r a t e , h e s a i d . b r b d s f i d = " 1 7 8 " > T h e i n t r o d u c t i o n o f c a p i t a l l e t t e r s i s p r o j e c t e d t o t a k e p l a c e b y t h e e n d o f 1 9 9 9 . b r b d s f i d = " 1 7 9 " > T h e r e a r e p r o s a n d c o n s , a d m i t s M r . P h i p p e n . B u t i t s h o u l d b e n o t e d t h a t w e a r e t h e b r b d s f i d = " 1 8 0 " > o n l y E n g l i s h s p e a k i n g c o u n t r y w h i c h h a s n o t y e t i n t r o d u c e d c a p i t a l l e t t e r s a n d o f a l l t h e o t h e r b r b d s f i d = " 1 8 1 " > c o u n t r i e s w h i c h h a v e n o t o n e h a s r e g r e t t e d i t a n d t r i e d t o m o v e b a c k . b r b d s f i d = " 1 8 2 " > H o w e v e r M s M o r g a n a d d e d : W e a r e d e t e r m i n e d t o f i g h t i t a l l t h e w a y . T h e y h a v e g o t t o b r b d s f i d = " 1 8 3 " > s t o p t r a m p l i n g o v e r p e o p l e ' s r i g h t s . b r b d s f i d = " 1 8 4 " > 1 . G i v e a b r i e f i n t r o d u c t i o n o f B r a i l l e s y s t e m . b r b d s f i d = " 1 8 5 " > 2 . W h a t i s t h e m a j o r i s s u e d i s c u s s e d i n t h e p a s s a g e ? b r b d s f i d = " 1 8 6 " > 3 . w h a t c a n b e l e a r n e d f r o m M r . P h i p p e n ' s t a l k ?。
(A)上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试英译中社会人文(二)
(A)上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试英译中社会人文(二)(总分：99.97，做题时间：90分钟)一、试题1(总题数：1，分数：25.00)The line of demarcation between the adult and the child world is drawn in many ways. For instance, many American parents may be totally divorced from the church, or entertain grave doubts about the existence of God, but they send children to Sunday school and help them to pray. American parents struggle in a competitive world where sheer conning and falsehood are often rewarded and respected, but they feed their children with nursery tales in which the morally good is pitted against the bad, and in the end the good inevitably is successful and the bad inevitably punished. When American parents are in serious domestic trouble, they maintain a front of sweetness and light before their children. Even if American parents suffer a major business or personal catastrophe, they feel obliged to turn to their children and say, "Honey, everything is going to be all right." This American desire to keep the children"s world separate from that of the adult is exemplified also by the practice of delaying transmission of the news to children when their parents have been killed in an accident. Thus, in summary, American parents face a world of reality while many of their children live in a near-ideal unreal realm where the rules of the parental world do not apply, are watered down, or are even reversed.（分数：25.02）(1).The line of demarcation between the adult and the child world is drawn in many ways.（分数：4.17）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：成人世界与儿童世界分界线的划分有许多方式。
上海英语高级口译资格证书第1阶段测试G1参考答案
上海英语高级口译资格证书第1阶段测试G1参考答案参考答案:SECTION 1: LISTENING TESTPart A: Spot Dictation1. finish training 2. no atmosphere3. football players 4. Team spirit5. motivate the team 6. as individuals7. put too much pressure on them 8. too tense9. giving people autonomy 10. very rarely interfere11. on their results 12. keep on employint them13. making more substitutions 14. leave them alone15. don’t feel 16. want to discuss it17. in a couple of days’ time 18. fight back19. down to your attitude 20. waste my time on themPart B: Listening Comprehension1-5 D B C C D 6-10 C D A B C11-15 C A D D B 16-20 B B C C ASECTION 2: READING TEST1-5 D A C B D 6-10 D C A B B11-15 D B B D C 16-20 D B C D BSECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST对家庭未来的担忧，其主要来源不是根植于现实，而是根植于文化上理想化的期望与现实本身之间的紧张关系。
对一种已失落的家庭传统的怀念（实际上，这种家庭传统从未存在过）影响了我们对现代社会家庭状况的了解。
因此，时下对家庭命运的担忧，不仅反映出家庭里的问题，而且也反映了对其他社会问题各种各样的忧虑，而这些社会问题最终都投射到家庭上。
(岗位职责)英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段试题
上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段试题（06.9）SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST(30 minutes)Part A: Spot DictationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the world or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONL Y ONCE.Play is very important for humans from birth to death. Play is not meant to be just for children. It is a form of ___________ (1) that can tap into your creativity, and can allow you the chance to find your inner child and the inner child of others. I have collected the ___________ (2) of play here.Play can stimulate you ___________ (3). It can go against all the rules, and change the same ___________ (4). Walt Disney was devoted to play, and his willingness to ___________ (5) changed the world of entertainment. The next time you are stuck in a ___________ (6) way of life, pull out a box of color pencils, modeling clay, glue and scissors, and ___________ (7) and break free. You will be amazed at the way your thinking ___________ (8).Playing can bring greater joy into your life. What do you think the world would be like-if ___________ (9) each day in play? I bet just asking you this question has ___________ (10). Play creates laughter, joy, entertainment, ___________ (11). Starting today, try to get 30 minutes each day to engage in some form of play, and ___________ (12) rise!Play is known ___________ (13). Studies show that, as humans, play is part of our nature. We have the need to play because it is instinctive and ___________ (14).With regular play, our problem-solving and ___________ (15) will be in much better shape to handle this complex world, and we are much more likely to choose ___________ (16) as they arise. It creates laughter and freedom that can instantly reduce stress and __________ (17) to our daily living.Play can ___________ (18), curiosity, and creativity. Research shows that play is both a ‘hands-on’ and ‘minds-on’ learning process. It produces a deeper, ___________ (19) of the world and its possibilities. We begin giving meaning to life through story making, and playing out ___________ (20).Part B: Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONL Y ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.1. (A) in Cherry Blossoms Village ninety of the residents are over 85 years old.(B) In the United States, there are twice as many centenarians as there were ten years ago.(C) All the people studied by these scientists from Georgia live in institutions for the elderly.(D) Almost all the residents in Cherry Blossoms Village have unusual hobbies.2. (A) Whether the centenarians can live independently in small apartments.(B) Whether it is feasible to establish a village for the “oldest old” people.(C) What percentage of the population are centenarians in the state of Georgia.(D) What the real secrets are to becoming an active and healthy 100-year-old.3. (A) Diet, optimism, activity or mobility, and genetics.(B) Optimism, commitment to interesting things, activity or mobility, and adaptability to loss.(C) The strength to adapt to loss, diet, exercise, and genetics.(D) Diet, exercise, commitment to something they were interested in, and genetics.4. (A) The centenarians had a high calorie and fat intake.(B) The centenarians basically eat something different.(C) The centenarians eat a low-fat and low-calorie, unprocessed food diet.(D) The centenarians eat spicy food, drink whiskey, and have sweet pork every day.5. (A) Work hard.(B) Stay busy.(C) Stick to a balanced diet.(D) Always find something to laugh about.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news.6. (A) Global temperatures rose by 3 degrees in the 20th century.(B) Global warming may spread disease that could kill a lot of people in Africa.(C) Developed countries no longer depend on fossil fuels for transport and power.(D) The impact of the global warming will be radically reduced by 2050.7. (A) Taking bribes.(B) Creating a leadership vacuum at the country’s top car maker.(C) Misusing company funds for personal spending.(D) Offering cash for political favors.8. (A) The nation has raised alert status to the highest level and thousands of people have moved to safety.(B) The eruption of Mount Merapi has been the worst in Indonesia over the past two decades.(C) All residents in the region ten kilometers from the base of the mountain have evacuated.(D) The eruption process was a sudden burst and has caused extensive damage and heavy casualty.9. (A) 6 to 7.(B) 8 to 10.(C) 11 to 16.(D) 17 to 25.10. (A) Curbing high-level corruption.(B) Fighting organized crime.(C) Investigating convictions of criminals.(D) Surveying the threats to national security.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.11. (A) A wine taster. (B) A master water taster. (C) The host of the show. (D) The engineer who works on the water treatment plant.12. (A) Berkeley Springs.(B) Santa Barbara.(C) Atlantic City. (D) Sacramento.13. (A) Being saucy and piquant.(B) Tasting sweet (C) A certain amount of minerals.(D) An absence of taste.14. (A) Looking—smelling—tasting. (B) Tasting—smelling—looking.(C) Smelling—looking—tasting. (D) Tasting—looking—smelling.15. (A) Bathing. (B) Boiling pasta in. (C) Swimming. (D) Making tea.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.16. (A) Enhance reading and math skills. (B) Increase the students’ appreciation of nature.(C) Improve math, but not reading skills. (D) Develop reading, but not math skills.17. (A) To help the students appreciate the arts. (B) To make the students’ education more well-rounded.(C) To investig ate the impact of arts training. (D) To enhance the students’ math skills.18. (A) Once weekly. (B) Twice weekly. (C) Once a month. (D) Twice a month.19. (A) Six months. (B) Seven months.(C) Eight months. (D) Nine months.20. (A) The children’s attitude.(B) The children’s test scores.(C) Both the children’s attitude and test scores.(D) Both the teachers’ and the children’s attitude.SECTION 2: READING TEST(30 minutes)Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in yourANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1—5Anyone who doubts that children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need spend only a few minutes with a baby eagerly learning to walk or a headstrong toddler starting to talk. No matter how many times the little ones stumble in their initial efforts, most keep on trying, determined to master their amazing new skill. It is only several years later, around the start of middle or junior high school, many psychologists and teachers agree, that a good number of kids seem to lose their natural drive to succeed and end up joining the ranks of underachievers. For the parents of such kids, whose own ambition is often inextricably tied to their children’s success, it can be a bewildering, painful experience. So it’s no wonder some parents find themselves hoping that, just maybe, ambition can be taught like any other subject at school.It’s not quite that simple. “Kids can be given the opportunities to become passionate about a subject or activity, but they can’t be forced,” says Jacquelynne Eccles, a psychology professor at the University of Michigan, who led a landmark, 25-year study examining what motivated first-and seventh-grades in three school districts. Even so, a growing number of educators and psychologists do believe it is possible to unearth ambition in students who don’t seem to have much. They say that by instilling confidence, encouraging some risk taking, being accepting of failure and expanding the areas in which children may be successful, both parents and teachers can reignite that innate desire to achieve.Figuring out why the fire went out is the first step. Assuming that a kid doesn’t suffer from an emotional or learning disabi lity, or isn’t involved in some family crisis at ho me, many educators attribute a sudden lack of motivation to a fear of failure or peer pressure that conveys the message that doing well academically somehow isn’t cool. “Kids get so caught up in the moment-to-moment issue of will they look smart or dumb, a nd it blocks them from thinking about the long term,” says Carol Dweck, a psychology professor at Stanford. “You have to teach them that they are in charge of their intellectual growth.” Ove r the past couple of years, Dweck has helped run an experimental workshop with New York City public school seventh-graders to do just that. Dubbed Brainology, the unorthodox approach uses basic neuroscience to teach kids how the brain works and how it can continue to develop throughout life. “The message is that everything is within the kids’ control, that their intelligence is malleable,” says Lisa Blackwell, a research scientist at Columbia University who has worked with Dweck to develop and run the program, which has helped increase the students’ interest in school and turned around their declining math grades. More than any teacher or workshop, Blackwell says, “parents can play a critical role in conveying this message to the ir children by praising their effort, strategy and progress rather than emphasizing their ‘smartness’ or praising high performance alone. Most of all, parents should let their kids know that mistakes are a part of learning.”Some experts say our education system, with its strong emphasis on testing and rigid separation of students into different lev els of ability, also bears blame for the disappearance of drive in some kids. “These programs shut down the motivation of all kids who aren’t considered gifted and talented. They destroy their confidence,” says Jeff Howard, a social psychologist a nd president of the Efficacy Institute, a Boston-area organization that works with teachers and parents in school districts around the country to help improve children’s academic performance. Howard and other educators say it’s important to expose kids to a world b eyond homework and tests, through volunteer work, sports, hobbies and other extracurricular activities. “The crux of the issue is that many students experience education as irrelevant to their life goals and ambitions,” says Michael Nakkual, a Harvard education professor who runs a Boston-area mentoring program called Project IF (Inventing the Future), which works to get low-income underachievers in touch with their aspirations. The key to getting kids to aim higher at school is to disabuse them of the notion that classwork is irrelevant, to show them how doing well at school can actually help them fulfill their dreams beyond it. Like any ambitious toddler, they need to understand that you have to learn to walk before you can run.1. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the first paragraph?(A) Children are born with a kind of healthy ambition.(B) How a baby learns to walk and talk.(C) Ambition can be taught like other subjects at school.(D) Some teenage children lose their drive to succeed.2. According to some educators and psychologists, all of the following would be helpful to cultivate students’ ambition to succeed EXCEPT ________.(A) stimulating them to build up self-confidence(B) cultivating the attitude of risk taking(C) enlarging the areas for children to succeed(D) making them understand their family crisis3. What is the message that peer pressure conveys to children?(A) A sudden lack of motivation is attributed to the student’s failure.(B) Book knowledge is not as important as practical experience.(C) Looking smart is more important for young people at school.(D) To achieve academic excellence should not be treated as the top priority.4. The word “malleable” in the clause “that their intelligence is malleable,” (para.3) most probably means capable of being ________.(A) altered and developed(B) blocked and impaired(C) sharpened and advanced(D) replaced and transplanted5. The expression “to disabuse them of the notion” (para.4) can be paraphrased as ________.(A) to free them of the idea(B) to help them understand the idea(C) to imbue them with the notion(D) to inform them of the conceptQuestions 6—10Civil-liberties advocates reeling from the recent revelations on surveillance had something else to worry about last week: the privacy of the billions of search queries made on sites like Google, AOL, Yahoo and Microsoft. As part of a long-running court case, the government has asked those companies to turn over information on its users’ search behav ior. All but Google have handed over data, and now the Department of Justice has moved to compel the search giant to turn over the goods.What makes this case different is that the intended use of the information is not related to national security, but the government’s continuing attempt to police Internet pornography. In 1998, Congress passed the Child Online Protection Act (COPA), but courts have blocked its implementation due to First Amendment concerns. In its appeal, the DOJ wants to prove how easy it is to inadvertently stumble upon pore. In order to conduct a controlled experiment—to be performed by a UC Berkeley professor of statistics—the DOJ wants to use a large sample of actual search terms from the different search engines. It would then use those terms to do its own searches, employing the different kinds of filters each search engine offers, in an attempt to quantify how often “material that is harmful to minors” might appear. Google contends that since it is not a party to the case, the gover nment has not right to demand its proprietary information to perform its test. “We intend to resist their motion vigorously,” said Google attorney Nicole Wong.DOJ spokesperson Charles Miller says that the government is requesting only the actual search terms, and not anything that would link the queries to those who made them. (The DOJ is also demanding a list of a million Web sites that Google indexes to determine the degree to which objectionable sites are searched.) Originally, the government asked for a treasure trove of all searches made in June and July 2005; the request has been scaled back to one week’s worth of search queries.One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case. If the built-in filters that each search engine provides are effective in blocking porn sites, the government will have wound up proving what the opposition has said all along—you don’t need to suppress speech to protect minors on the Net. “We think that our filtering technology doe s a good job protecting minors from inadvertently seeing adult content,” says Ramez Naam, group program manager of MSN Search.Though the government intends to use these data specifically for its COPA-related test, it’s possible that the information could lead to further investigations and, perhaps, subpoenas to find out who was doing the searching. What if certain search terms indicated that people were contemplating terrorist actions or other criminal activities? Says the DOJ’s Miller, “I’m assuming that if something raised alarms, we would hand it over to the proper authorities.” Privacy advocates fear that if the government request is upheld, it will open the door to further government examination of search behavior. One solution would be for Google to stop storing the information, but the company hopes to eventually use the personal information of consenting customers to improve search performance. “Search is a window into people’s personalities,” says Kurt Opsahl, an Electronic Frontier Foundation attor ney. “They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders.”6. When the American government asked Google, AOL, Yahoo and Microsoft to turn over information on its users’ searchbehavior, the major intention is _________.(A) to protect national security(B) to help protect personal freedom(C) to monitor Internet pornography(D) to implement the Child Online Protection Act7. Google refused to turn over “its proprietary information”(para.2) required by DOJ as it believes that ________.(A) it is not involved in the court case(B) users’ privacy is most important(C) the government has violated the First Amendment(D) search terms is the company’s business secret8. The phrase “scaled back to” in the sentence “the request has been scaled back to one week’s worth of search queries” (para.3) can be replaced by _________.(A) maximized to(B) minimized to(C) returned to(D) reduced to9. In the sentence “One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case.”(para.4), the expression “sink its own case” most probably means that _________.(A) counterattack the opposition(B) lead to blocking of porn sites(C) provide evidence to disprove the case(D) give full ground to support the case10. When Kurt Opsahl says that “They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders.” (para.5), the expression “Big Brother” is used to refer to _________.(A) a friend or relative showing much concern(B) a colleague who is much more experienced(C) a dominating and all-powerful ruling power(D) a benevolent and democratic organizationQuestions 11—15On New Year’s Day, 50,000 inmates in Kenya n jails went without lunch. This was not some mass hunger strike to highlight poor living conditions. It was an extraordinary humanitarian gesture: the money that would have been spent on their lunches went to the charity Food Aid to help feed an estimated 3.5 million Kenyans who, because of a severe drought, are threatened with starvation. The drought is big news in Africa, affecting huge areas of east Africa and the Horn. If you are reading this in the west, however, you may not be aware of it—the media is not interested in old stories. Even if you do know about the drought, you may not be aware that it is devastating one group of people disproportionately: the pastoralists. There are 20 million nomadic or semi-nomadic herders in this region, and they are fast becoming some of the poorest people in the continent. Their plight encapsulates Africa’s perennial problem with drought and famine.How so? It comes down to the reluctance of governments, aid agencies and foreign lenders to support the herders’ tradit ional way of life. Instead they have tended to try to turn them into commercial ranchers or agriculturalists, even though it has been demonstrated time and again that pastoralists are well adapted to their harsh environments, and that moving livestock according to the seasons or climatic changes makes their methods far more viable than agriculture in sub-Saharan drylands. Furthermore, African pastoralist systems are often more productive, in terms of protein and cash per hectare, than Australian, American a nd other African ranches in similar climatic conditions. They make a substantial contribution to their countries’ national economies. In Kenya, for example, the turnover of the pastoralist sector is worth $800 million per year. In countries such as Burkina Faso, Eritrea and Ethiopia, hides from pastoralists’ herds make up over 10 per cent of export earnings. Despite this productivity, pastoralists still starve and their animals perish when drought hits. One reason is that only a trickle of the profits goes to the herders themselves; the lion’s share is pocketed by traders. This is partly because the herders only sell much of their stock during times of drought and famine, when they need the cash to buy food, and the terms of trade in this situation never work in their favour. Another reason is the lack of investment in herding areas.Funding bodies such as the World Bank and-USAID tried to address some of the problems in the 1960s, investing millions of dollars in commercial beef and dairy production. It didn’t work. Firstly, no one bothered to consult the pastoralists about what they wanted. Secondly, rearing livestock took precedence over human progress. The policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonial predecessors. They were based on two false assumptions: that pastoralism is primitive and inefficient, which led to numerous failed schemes aimed at converting herders to modern ranching models; and that Africa’s drylands can support commercial ranching. They cannot. Most of Africa’s herders live in areas with unpredictable weather systems that are totally unsuited to commercial ranching.What the pastoralists need is support for their traditional lifestyle. Over the past few years, funders and policy-makers have been starting to get the message. One example is intervention by governments to ensure that pastoralists get fair prices for their cattle when they sell them in times of drought, so that they can afford to buy fodder for their remaining livestock and cereals to keep themselves and their families alive (the problem in African famines is not so much a lack of food as a lack of money to buy it). Another example is a drought early-warning system run by the Kenyan government and the World Bank that has helped avert livestock deaths.This is all promising, but more needs to be done. Some African governments still favour forcing pastoralists to settle. They should heed the latest scientific research demonstrating the productivity of traditional cattle-herding. Ultimately, sustainable rural development in pastoralist areas will depend on increasing trade, so one thing going for them is the growing demand for livestock products: there will likely be an additional 2 billion consumers worldwide by 2020, the vast majority in developing countries. To ensure that pastoralists benefit, it will be crucial to give them a greater say in local policies. Other key tasks include giving a greater say to women, who play critical roles in livestock production. The rich world should pay proper attention to the plight of the pastoralists. Leaving them dependent on foreign food aid is unsustainable and will lead to more resentment, conflict, environmental degradation and malnutrition. It is in the rich world’s intere sts to help out.11. Which of the following CANNOT be concluded from the passage?(A) Forcing Africa’s nomadic herders to become ranchers will save them from drought.(B) The difference between pastoralist and agriculturalist is vital to the African people.(C) The rich world should give more support to the African people to overcome drought.(D) Environmental degradation should be the major concern in developing Africa’s pastoralism.12. The word “encapsulates” in the sentence “Their plight encapsulates Africa’s perennial problem with drought and famine.” (para. l) can be replaced by ________.(A) concludes.(B) involves.(C) represents.(D) aggravates.13. What is the author’s attitude toward African drought and traditional lifestyle of pastoralism?(A) Neutral and indifferent.(B) Sympathetic and understanding.(C) Critical and vehement.(D) Subjective and fatalistic.14. When the author writes “the policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonial predecessors.” (para.4), he implies all the following EXCEPT that the aid agencies did not __________.(A) have an objective view of the situation in Africa(B) understand the unpredictable weather systems there(C) feel themselves superior in decision making(D) care about the development of the local people15. The author’s main purpose in writing this article in _________.(A) to evaluate the living conditions of Kenyan pastoralists(B) to give suggestions on the support of the traditional pastoralism in Africa(C) to illustrate the difference between commercial ranching and pastoralism(D) to criticize the colonial thinking of western aid agenciesQuestions 16—20The prospects for finding life beyond Earth may be brightening. Today, scientists are reporting evidence for yet another potential habitat in our solar system: Saturn’s moon Enceladus. Scientists mining new data from the Cassini spacecraft say they may have found evidence that Enceladus—the planet’s fourth-largest moon—hosts liquid water.If the results hold up, this would bring to four the number of bodies in the solar system—including Earth—that display active volcanism. And since life as biologists know it requires liquid water and a source of energy, Enceladus would join Jupiter’s moon Europa and Saturn’s moon Titan, as well as Mars, as possible spots beyond Earth where simple forms of life may have gained or still maintain a foothold.The discovery, however, is bittersweet for many scientists. NASA’s proposed budget for fiscal 2007 calls for a 50 percent cut in its astrobiology program. Although the program is a tiny piece of the agency’s overall spending plan for science, it’s a significant source of money for probing fundamental questions of how and why life emerged on Earth and whether life arose elsewhere in the universe.A 50-percent cut “is almost a going-out-of-business-level cut” in a vibrant line of research that stands as one pillar supporting President Bush’s vision for space exploration, says planetary sci entist Sean Solomon, who heads the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism at the Carnegie Institution of Washington.Nevertheless, the research in today’s issue of the journal Science is the sort of thing that continues to light a fire under the field. Its re port about liquid water under the icy surface of Enceladus is a “radical conclusion,” acknowledges Carolyn Porco, who leads the imaging team working with data from the Cassini orbiter. But if the team is right, “we have significantly broadened the diversity of solar-system environments” that might have rolled out the welcome mat “for living organisms,” she concludes.Images released last fall show the moon ejecting vast plumes of material near its unexpectedly warm south pole. As the team pondered the evidence, they nixed several explanations, including the idea that the particles in the plumes were driven by vapor billowing out as ice reached the surface and immediately turned into a gas. The last idea standing: Liquid water was venting from reservoirs near the surface, perhaps only tens of meters below the frigid crust. This explanation also helped solve the riddle of puzzlingly high levels of oxygen atoms found in Saturn’s neighborhood.Confirmation could come with additional flybys, if water—and perhaps life—is present, it wouldn’t be “luxuriant,” notes Jeffrey Kargel, a researcher at the University of Arizona at Tucson. It likely would face tough conditions—nasty chemicals, very low temperatures, and little energy to drive it. Still, he adds, it’s prematu re to cross the moon off the list of possible “outposts” for life beyond Earth. Yet the prospect of building on these results could be dimmer with the threat of budget cut s. The proposed reductions post several challenges, researchers say.One is the loss of important financial leverage. While money for experiments and other research related to astrobiology can come from other funding agencies, such as the National Science Foundation or even the National Institutes of Health, NASA’s program often provides the crucial missing piece that turns demanding and sometimes dangerous fieldwork into exciting results.One of the biggest successes over the program’s 10-year history has been to help revolutionize the way science is done. Answering questions about the origins of life on Earth and the prospects for life elsewhere require strong collaborations. From radio astronomers to biologists and geologists studying the evolution of Earth, groups are working together in ways they never thought of a decade ago, adds Edward Young, a geochemist at the University of California at Los Angeles.“NASA’s made a lot of progress by making a relatively small investment in a way that has brought disparate experts together from the whole spectrum of physical and biological sciences. It’s a wonderful lesson on how to make progress by crossing these boundaries,” Dr. Solomon says. “It would be regrettable to stop that experiment.”16. According to the passage, simple forms of life might be found on the following heavenly bodies in the solar system: ________.(A) Europa, Titan, Earth’s moon and Mars(B) Europa, Mars, Titan and Enceladus(C) Jupiter, Saturn, Mars and Enceladus(D) Earth’s moon, Jupiter, Mars and Saturn17. When the author says “The discovery, however, is bittersweet for many scientists.” (para.3), he most probably means that the discovery _________.(A) greatly discourages scientists。
(A)上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试中译英科技商贸(一)
(A)上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试中译英科技商贸(一)(总分：100.02，做题时间：90分钟)一、试题1(总题数：1，分数：25.00)在一个极为漫长的历史阶段中，人类只能通过音乐表演和口授来传播音乐。
当人类发明了乐谱后，音乐便开始脱离表演而演变成“文字”得以记录和传播。
然而，人类音乐传播的真正革命性里程碑的建立者无疑是科学家们。
他们创造了令人叹为观止的音乐传播手段，从最早的机械“留声机”到今天五花八门的“电子媒体”。
在20世纪诸多的音乐传播手段中，无线电广播的发明和发展对音乐的传播起了极为重要的作用。
然而，高科技的高速发展也使我国广播音乐工作者在新世纪中面临着严峻的挑战。
（分数：25.00）(1).在一个极为漫长的历史阶段中，人类只能通过音乐表演和口授来传播音乐。
（分数：6.25）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：For a very long period of historical development, mankind could only pass on music through performance and oral instruction. [解析] “传播”一词在本文中重复出现6次。
在翻译汉语重复词语时，常用译法是将原话中连续使用的词语用与其含义相同或相近的词语加以交替交换，这种处理方法即变译。
因此，同一个“传播”在英译中可分别交替变换为pass on，spread，transmit，communication等。
再如：中国人民银行行长戴相龙有一次幽了记者一默，说：“江主席说人民币不贬值，朱总理说人民币不贬值，我也说人民币不贬值。
”而英语的翻译则不完全采用重复。
Dai Xianglong, the chief director of the People"s Bank of China once made a humorous reply to the journalists: "Chairman Jiang announced that RMB will not be devaluated, and Premier Zhu confirmed that. And now I, too, assure you of it.同一个“说”字，在英译中分别交替变换为announce，confirm和assure，意思上更进一步，体现了英语表达的特点。
上海英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试E1参考答案
参考答案: SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST Part A: Spot Dictation 1. the majority of employees 2. that affect them 3. two-way communication 4. within the company 5. set in motion 6. between managers and staff 7. value consultation with our workforce 8. to perform effectively 9. know the basic facts 10. more efficient 11. give you one example 12. new products 13. some outline about a company’s profit 14. its competitors 15. future product plans 16. hear about it 17. ignore the face 18. communicate with supervisors 19. what is going on 20. they haven’t been told formally Part B: Listening Comprehension 1-5 B D C A C 6-10 C B C A C 11-15 C A D A D 16-20 A B D A C SECTION 2: READING TEST 1-5 D D B C B 6-10 B C B D A 11-15 C D B A D 16-20 D B C C B SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST 如果各公司断然采取西⽴国家裁员的做法以增加利润，⽇本⼀度令⼈羡慕的失业率将上升⾄两位数。
(A)上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试中译英科技商贸(二)_真题-无答案
(A)上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试中译英科技商贸(二)(总分100,考试时间90分钟)试题1中国加入世界贸易组织的谈判已经进行了15年。
中国的立场始终如一。
加入世界贸易组织后，中国将有步骤地扩大商品和服务贸易领域的对外开放，为国内外企业创造公开、统一、平等竞争的条件，建立和健全符合国际经济通行规则、符合中国国情的对外经济贸易体制，为国外企业来华进行经贸合作提供更多、更稳定的市场准入机会。
中国加入世界贸易组织，将为中国和亚洲以及世界各国各地区经济的发展注入新的活力，中国人民将从中受益，亚洲和世界各国人民也将从中受益。
1. 中国加入世界贸易组织的谈判已经进行了15年。
中国的立场始终如一。
2. 加入世界贸易组织后，中国将有步骤地扩大商品和服务贸易领域的对外开放，为国内外企业创造公开、统一、平等竞争的条件，建立和健全符合国际经济通行规则、符合中国国情的对外经济贸易体制，为国外企业来华进行经贸合作提供更多、更稳定的市场准入机会。
3. 中国加入世界贸易组织，将为中国和亚洲以及世界各国各地区经济的发展注入新的活力，中国人民将从中受益，亚洲和世界各国人民也将从中受益。
试题2有了房子，就想车子，老百姓想法和银行不谋而合。
银行在巩固了自己的住房贷款之后，又将目光瞄上了汽车市场。
昨天，建行上海分行推出了十大优惠举措，欲在外资非金融机构染指汽车贷款之前，做大自己的汽车贷款。
此前，银行界人士纷纷预测，外资非金融机构进入汽贷市场后，很可能会在手续简便和贷款利率上做文章，以吸引购车族。
因此，建行的十大举措也同样是了简化手续和提供优惠利率，希望此举能使该行的汽车贷款占个人消费信贷的比重从原来的三成提升至五成以上。
1. 有了房子，就想车子，老百姓想法和银行不谋而合。
2. 银行在巩固了自己的住房贷款之后，又将目光瞄上了汽车市场。
3. 昨天，建行上海分行推出了十大优惠举措，欲在外资非金融机构染指汽车贷款之前，做大自己的汽车贷款。
4. 此前，银行界人士纷纷预测，外资非金融机构进入汽贷市场后，很可能会在手续简便和贷款利率上做文章，以吸引购车族。
英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试题库【历年真题及详解(一~三)】【圣才出品】
第一部分历年真题上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试真题及详解（一）第一阶段考试SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)Part A: Spot DictationDirections:In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or wordsyou have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the correspondingspace in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passageONLY ONCE. Now let’s begin Part A with Spot Dictation.We already live in an over-communicated world that will only become more so in the next tech era. We’ve _____(1) that gets us so much information. We’ve got _____(2)every second, we’ve got computers and laptops, we’ve got personal organizers and we’re just being _____(3) and every advance in technology seems to create more and more communications at us. We are sort of _____(4).Research suggests that all the multi-tasking may actually make our brains _____(5), producing a world-wide increase in IQ _____(6) and more in recent decades. Is there any real benefit in _____(7) we now have to go through?We’re not becoming a race of _____(8), but many do think certain skills are enhanced and certain are not. You know the ability to _____(9), to answer a dozen mails in five minutes, or to fill out _____(10). That’s enhanced. But when someone is out there with his kids _____(11) or something like that, he’s got his cell phone inhis pocket. He’s always wondering, “Gee, did I get a voicemail?” This might have negative effects _____(12).Creativity is something that happens slowly. It happens when your brain is just _____(13), just playing, when it _____(14) which you hadn’t thou ght of, or maybe you have time to read a hook. You are a businessperson but you have time to _____(15), or about a philosopher and something that happened long ago or something or some idea _____(16). Actually, it might occur to you that you _____(17) in t hat way, and so it’s this mixture of unrelated ideas that feeds your productivity, _____(18). And if your mind is disciplined to answer every e-mail, then you don’t have time for that playful nodding. You don’t have time for _____(19). So I think maybe we’re getting smarter in some senses, hut over-communication is _____(20) and to our reflection.【答案】1. developed technology2. cell phones ringing3. bombarded with communication4. overwhelmed by the information flow5. work better and faster6. up to 20 points7. all these mental gymnastics8. global idiots9. make fast decisions10. maybe big aptitude tests11. playing in his little league12. on our own brain patterns13. nodding around14. puts together ideas15. read a book about history16. somebody thought of long ago17. can think of your own business18. feeds your creativity19. those unexpected conjunctions20. a threat to our creativity【录音原文】We already live in an over-communicated world that will only become more so in the next tech era. We’ve developed technology that gets us so much information that we’ve got cell phones ringing every second, we’ve got computers and laptops, we’ve got personal organizers and we’re just being bombarded with communication and every advance in technology seems to create more and more communications at us. We are sort of overwhelmed by the information flow.Research suggests that all the multi-tasking may actually make our brains work better and faster, producing a world-wide increase in IQ up to 20 points and more in recent decades. Is there any real benefit in all these mental gymnastics we nowhave to go through?We’re not becoming a race of glob al idiots, but many do think certain skills are enhanced and certain are not. You know the ability to make fast decisions, to answer a dozen e-mails in five minutes, or to fill out maybe big aptitude tests. That’s enhanced. But when someone is out there wi th his kids playing in his little league or something like that, he’s got his cell phone in his pocket. He’s always wondering, “Gee, did I get a voicemail?” This might have negative effects on our own brain patterns.Creativity is something that happens slowly. It happens when your brain is just noodling around, just playing, when it puts together ideas which you hadn’t thought of, or maybe you have time to read a book. You are a businessperson but you have time to read a book about history, or about a philosopher and something that happened long ago or something or some idea somebody thought of long ago. Actually, it might occur to you that you can think of your own business in that way, and so it’s this mixture of unrelated ideas that feeds your produc tivity, feeds your creativity. And if your mind is disciplined to answer every e-mail, then you don’t have time for that playful noodling. You don’t have time for those unexpected conjunctions. So I think maybe we’re getting smarter in some senses, but over-communication is a threat to our creativity and to our reflection.Part B: Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations.After each one, you will be asked same questions. The talks,conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now, listencarefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heardand write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the correspondingspace in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Now let’s begin Part B wi th ListeningComprehension.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.1. (A) The designing of a new town.(B) The most livable small town in America.(C) The financing of a housing project.(D) The updating of old building codes.2. (A) Houses with front porches.(B) Houses that are very close together.(C) Quarter-of-an-acre or half-an-acre private yard space.(D) Easy access to the town center and to the vital institutions.3. (A) It has nothing to do with a sense of nostalgia for the past.(B) It has failed in the new town mentioned in the conversation.(C) People prefer to stay in an air-conditioned front porch.(D) People spend very much time on front porches in hot climates.4. (A) You are not allowed to use red curtains facing the street.(B) You couldn’t attach a satellite dish to your house.(C) You should remove plastic products from front porches.(D) You mustn’t park your car in front of your house for long.5. (A) Some of these rules seem to go a little too far.(B) Some of these rules are contradictory.(C) These rules are all dictated by the local laws.(D) These rules have not been approved by the developer.【答案与解析】1.A 对话开头男士便提到“in designing this new town…”，接着回顾了美国以前的小城镇把最好的设计元素结合在一起，例如联排别墅，人行道，前廊和两边种着树的街道等。
上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试真题及详解(一)【圣才出品】
上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试真题及详解（一）第一阶段考试SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)Part A: Spot DictationDirections:In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or wordsyou have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the correspondingspace in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passageONLY ONCE. Now let’s begin Part A with Spot Dictation.We already live in an over-communicated world that will only become more so in the next tech era. We’ve _____(1) that gets us so much information. We’ve got _____(2)every second, we’ve got computers and laptops, we’ve got personal organizers and we’re just being _____(3) and every advance in technology seems to create more and more communications at us. We are sort of _____(4).Research suggests that all the multi-tasking may actually make our brains _____(5), producing a world-wide increase in IQ _____(6) and more in recent decades. Is there any real benefit in _____(7) we now have to go through?We’re not becoming a race of _____(8), but many do think certain skills are enhanced and certain are not. You know the ability to _____(9), to answer a dozen mails in five minutes, or to fill out _____(10). That’s enhanced. But when someone is out there with his kids _____(11) or something like that, he’s got his cell phone in hispocket. He’s always wondering, “Gee, did I get a voicemail?”This might have negative effects _____(12).Creativity is something that happens slowly. It happens when your brain is just _____(13), just playing, when it _____(14) which you hadn’t thought of, or maybe you have time to read a hook. You are a businessperson but you have time to _____(15), or about a philosopher and something that happened long ago or something or some idea _____(16). Actually, it might occur to you that you _____(17) in that way, and so it’s this mixture of unrelated ideas that feeds your productivity, _____(18). And if your mind is disciplined to answer every e-mail, then you don’t have time for that playful nodding. You don’t have time for _____(19). So I think maybe we’re getting smarter in some senses, hut over-communication is _____(20) and to our reflection.【答案】1. developed technology2. cell phones ringing3. bombarded with communication4. overwhelmed by the information flow5. work better and faster6. up to 20 points7. all these mental gymnastics8. global idiots9. make fast decisions10. maybe big aptitude tests11. playing in his little league12. on our own brain patterns13. nodding around14. puts together ideas15. read a book about history16. somebody thought of long ago17. can think of your own business18. feeds your creativity19. those unexpected conjunctions20. a threat to our creativity【录音原文】We already live in an over-communicated world that will only become more so in the next tech era. We’ve developed technology that gets us so much information that we’ve got cell phones ringing every second, we’ve got computers and laptops, we’ve got personal organizers and we’re just being bombarded with communication and every advance in technology seems to create more and more communications at us. We are sort of overwhelmed by the information flow.Research suggests that all the multi-tasking may actually make our brains work better and faster, producing a world-wide increase in IQ up to 20 points and more in recent decades. Is there any real benefit in all these mental gymnastics we now have to go through?We’re not becoming a race of global idiots, but many do think certain skills are enhanced and certain are not. You know the ability to make fast decisions, to answer a dozen e-mails in five minutes, or to fill out maybe big aptitude tests. That’s enhanced. But when someone is out there with his kids playing in his little league or something like that, he’s got his cell phone in his pocket. He’s always wondering, “Gee, did I get a voicemail?”This might have negative effects on our own brain patterns.Creativity is something that happens slowly. It happens when your brain is just noodling around, just playing, when it puts together ideas which you hadn’t thought of, or maybe you have time to read a book. You are a businessperson but you have time to read a book about history, or about a philosopher and something that happened long ago or something or some idea somebody thought of long ago. Actually, it might occur to you that you can think of your own business in that way, and so it’s this mixture of unrelated ideas that feeds your productivity, feeds your creativity. And if your mind is disciplined to answer every e-mail, then you don’t have time for that playful noodling. You don’t have time for those unexpected conjunctions. So I think maybe we’re getting smarter in some senses, but over-communication is a threat to our creativity and to our reflection.Part B: Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations.After each one, you will be asked same questions. The talks,conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now, listencarefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heardand write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the correspondingspace in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Now let’s begin Part B with ListeningComprehension.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.1. (A) The designing of a new town.(B) The most livable small town in America.(C) The financing of a housing project.(D) The updating of old building codes.2. (A) Houses with front porches.(B) Houses that are very close together.(C) Quarter-of-an-acre or half-an-acre private yard space.(D) Easy access to the town center and to the vital institutions.3. (A) It has nothing to do with a sense of nostalgia for the past.(B) It has failed in the new town mentioned in the conversation.(C) People prefer to stay in an air-conditioned front porch.(D) People spend very much time on front porches in hot climates.4. (A) You are not allowed to use red curtains facing the street.(B) You couldn’t attach a satellite dish to your house.(C) You should remove plastic products from front porches.(D) You mustn’t park your car in front of your house for long.5. (A) Some of these rules seem to go a little too far.(B) Some of these rules are contradictory.(C) These rules are all dictated by the local laws.(D) These rules have not been approved by the developer.【答案与解析】1.A 对话开头男士便提到“in designing this new town…”，接着回顾了美国以前的小城镇把最好的设计元素结合在一起，例如联排别墅，人行道，前廊和两边种着树的街道等。
上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段试题及答案
上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段试题及答案上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段试题(06.9) SECTION1:LISTENING TEST(30minutes)Part A:Spot Dictation Directions:In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it.Fill in each of the blanks with the world or words you have heard on the tape.Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.Play is very important for humans from birth to death.Play is not meant to be just for children.It is a form of___________(1)that can tap into your creativity,and can allow you the chance to find your inner child and the inner child of others.I have collected the___________(2)of play here.Play can stimulate you___________(3).It can go against all the rules,and change the same___________(4).Walt Disney was devoted to play,and his willingness to___________ (5)changed the world of entertainment.The next time you are stuck in a___________(6)way of life,pull out a box of color pencils,modeling clay,glue and scissors,and___________(7)and break free.You will be amazed at the way your thinking___________(8).Playing can bring greater joy into your life.What do you think the world would be like-if___________(9)each day in play?I bet just asking you this question has___________(10).Play creates laughter,joy,entertainment, ___________(11).Starting today,try to get30minutes each day to engage in some form of play,and ___________(12)rise!Play is known___________(13). Studies show that,as humans,play is part of our nature. We have the need to play because it is instinctive and ___________(14).With regular play,our problem-solving and___________(15)will be in much better shape to handle this complex world,and we are much more likely to choose ___________(16)as they arise.It creates laughter and freedom that can instantly reduce stress and__________ (17)to our daily living.Play can___________(18), curiosity,and creativity.Research shows that play is both a‘hands-on’and‘minds-on’learning process.It produces a deeper,___________(19)of the world and its possibilities.We begin giving meaning to life through story making,and playing out___________(20).Part B:Listening Comprehension Directions:In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations.After each one,you will be asked some questions.The talks,conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE.Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions1to5are based on the following conversation.1.(A)in Cherry Blossoms Village ninety of the residents are over85years old.(B)In the United States,there are twice as many centenarians as there were ten years ago.(C)All the people studied by these scientists from Georgia live in institutions for the elderly.(D)Almost all the residents in Cherry Blossoms Village have unusual hobbies.2.(A)Whether the centenarians can live independently in small apartments.(B)Whether it is feasible to establish a village for the”oldest old”people.(C)What percentage of the population are centenarians inthe state of Georgia.(D)What the real secrets are to becoming an active and healthy100-year-old.3.(A)Diet,optimism,activity or mobility,and genetics.(B)Optimism,commitment to interesting things,activity or mobility,and adaptability to loss.(C)The strength to adapt to loss,diet,exercise,and genetics.(D)Diet,exercise,commitment to something they were interested in,and genetics.4.(A)The centenarians had a high calorie and fat intake.(B)The centenarians basically eat something different.(C)The centenarians eat a low-fat and low-calorie, unprocessed food diet.(D)The centenarians eat spicy food,drink whiskey,and have sweet pork every day.5.(A)Work hard.(B)Stay busy.(C)Stick to a balanced diet.(D)Always find something to laugh about.Questions6to10are based on the following news.6.(A)Global temperatures rose by3degrees in the20thcentury.(B)Global warming may spread disease that could kill a lot of people in Africa.(C)Developed countries no longer depend on fossil fuels for transport and power.(D)The impact of the global warming will be radically reduced by2050.7.(A)Taking bribes.(B)Creating a leadership vacuum at the country’s top car maker.(C)Misusing company funds for personal spending.(D)Offering cash for political favors.8.(A)The nation has raised alert status to the highest level and thousands of people have moved to safety. (B)The eruption of Mount Merapi has been the worst in Indonesia over the past two decades.(C)All residents in the region ten kilometers from the base of the mountain have evacuated.(D)The eruption process was a sudden burst and has caused extensive damage and heavy casualty.9.(A)6to7.(B)8to10.(C)11to16.(D)17to25.10.(A)Curbing high-level corruption.(B)Fighting organized crime.(C)Investigating convictions of criminals.(D)Surveying the threats to national security. Questions11to15are based on the following interview.11.(A)A wine taster.(B)A master water taster.(C)The host of the show.(D)The engineer who works on the water treatment plant.12.(A)Berkeley Springs.(B)Santa Barbara.(C)Atlantic City.(D)Sacramento.13.(A)Being saucy and piquant.(B)Tasting sweet(C)A certain amount of minerals.(D)An absence of taste. 14.(A)Looking—smelling—tasting.(B)Tasting—smelling—looking.(C)Smelling—looking—tasting.(D)Tasting—looking—smelling.15.(A)Bathing.(B)Boiling pasta in.(C)Swimming.(D) Making tea.Questions16to20are based on the following talk. 16.(A)Enhance reading and math skills.(B)Increase the students’appreciation of nature.(C)Improve math,but not reading skills.(D)Develop reading,but not math skills.17.(A)To help the students appreciate the arts.(B)To make the students’educatio n more well-rounded.(C)To investigate the impact of arts training.(D)To enhance the students’math skills.18.(A)Once weekly.(B)Twice weekly.(C)Once a month.(D)Twice a month.19.(A)Six months.(B)Seven months.(C)Eight months.(D) Nine months.20.(A)The children’s attitude.(B)The children’s test scores.(C)Both the children’s attitude and test scores.(D)Both the teachers’and the children’s attitude. SECTION2:READING TEST(30minutes)Directions:In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it.You are to choose ONE best answer,(A),(B),(C)or(D),to each question.Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated orimplied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in thecorresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions1—5Anyone who doubts that children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need spend only a few minutes with ababy eagerly learning to walk or a headstrong toddler starting to talk.No matter how many times the little ones stumble in their initial efforts,most keep on trying, determined to master their amazing new skill.It is only several years later,around the start of middle or junior high school,many psychologists and teachers agree,that a good number of kids seem to lose their natural drive to succeed and end up joining the ranks of underachievers. For the parents of such kids,whose own ambition is often inextricably tied to their children’s su ccess,it can be a bewildering,painful experience.So it’s no wonder some parents find themselves hoping that,just maybe, ambition can be taught like any other subject at school. It’s not quite that simple.”Kids can be given the opportunities to become passionate about a subject or activity,but they can’t be forced,”says Jacquelynne Eccles,a psychology professor at the University of Michigan,who led a landmark,25-year study examining what motivated first-and seventh-grades in three school districts.Even so,a growing number of educators and psychologists do believe it is possible to unearth ambition in students who don’t seem to have much.Theysay that by instilling confidence,encouraging some risk taking,being accepting of failure and expanding the areas in which children may be successful,both parents and teachers can reignite that innate desire to achieve. Figuring out why the fire went out is the first step. Assuming that a kid doesn’t suffer froman emotional or learning disability,or isn’t involved in some family crisis at home,manyeducators attribute a sudden lack of motivation to a fear of failure or peer pressure thatconveys the message that doing well academically somehow isn’t cool.”Kids get so caught up in the moment-to-moment issue of will they look smart or dumb,and it blocks them from thinking about the long term,”says Carol Dweck,a psychology professor at Stanford.”You have to teach them that they are in charge of their intellectual growth.”Over the past couple of years,Dweck has helped run an experimental workshop with New York City public school seventh-graders to do just that.Dubbed Brainology,the unorthodox approach uses basic neuroscience to teach kids how the brain works and how it can continue to develop throughou t life.”The message is that everything iswithin the kids’control,that their intelligence is malleable,”says Lisa Blackwell,a research scientist at Columbia University who has worked with Dweck to develop and run the program,which has helped increase the students’interest in school and turned around their declining math grades.More than any teacher or workshop, Blackwell says,”parents can play a critical role in conveying this message to their children by praising their effort,strategy and progres s rather than emphasizing their‘smartness’or praising high performance alone. Most of all,parents should let their kids know that mistakes are a part of learning.”Some experts say our education system,with its strong emphasis on testing and rigid separation of students into different levels of ability,also bears blame for the disappearance of drive in some kids.”These programs shut down the motivation of all kids who aren’t considered gifted and talented. They destroy their confidence,”says Jeff How ard,a social psychologist and president of the Efficacy Institute,a Boston-area organization that works with teachers and parents in school districts around the country to help improve children’sacademic performance.Howard and other educators say it’s important to expose kids to aworld beyond homework and tests,through volunteer work,sports,hobbies and other extracurricular activities.”The crux of the issue is that many students experience education as irrelevant to their life goals and ambitions,”says Michael Nakkual,a Harvard education professor who runs a Boston-area mentoring program called Project IF(Inventing the Future),which works to get low-income underachievers in touch with their aspirations.The key to getting kids to aim higher at school is to disabuse them of the notion that classwork is irrelevant,to show them how doing well at school can actually help them fulfill their dreams beyond it.Like any ambitious toddler,they need to understand that you have to learn to walk before you can run.1.Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the first paragraph?(A)Children are born with a kind of healthy ambition.(B)How a baby learns to walk and talk.(C)Ambition can be taught like other subjects at school.(D)Some teenage children lose their drive to succeed.2.According to some educators and psychologists,all ofthe following would be helpful to cultivate students’ambition to succeed EXCEPT________.(A)stimulating them to build up self-confidence(B)cultivating the attitude of risk taking(C)enlarging the areas for children to succeed(D)making them understand their family crisis3.What is the message that peer pressure conveys to children?(A)A sudden lack of motivation is attributed to the student’s failure.(B)Book knowledge is not as important as practical experience.(C)Looking smart is more important for young people at school.(D)To achieve academic excellence should not be treated as the top priority.4.The word”malleable”in the clause”that their intelligence is malleable,”(para.3)most probably means capable of being________.(A)altered and developed(B)blocked and impaired(C)sharpened and advanced(D)replaced and transplanted5.The expression”to disabuse them of the notion”(para.4) can be paraphrased as________.(A)to free them of the idea(B)to help them understand the idea(C)to imbue them with the notion(D)to inform them of the conceptQuestions6—10Civil-liberties advocates reeling from the recent revelations on surveillance had something else to worry about last week:the privacy of the billions of search queries made on sites like Google,AOL,Yahoo and Microsoft.As part of a long-running court case,the government has asked those companies to turn over i nformation on its users’search behavior.All but Google have handed over data,and now the Department of Justice has moved to compel the search giant to turn over the goods. What makes this case different is that the intended use of the information is not related tonational security,but the government’s continuing attempt to police Internet pornography.In1998,Congress passed the Child Online Protection Act (COPA),but courts have blocked its implementation due toFirst Amendment concerns.In its appeal,the DOJ wants to prove how easy it is to inadvertently stumble upon pore. In order to conduct a controlled experiment—to be performed by a UC Berkeley professor of statistics—the DOJ wants to use a large sample of actual search terms from the different search engines.It would then use those terms to do its own searches,employing the different kinds of filters each search engine offers,in an attempt to quantify how often”material that is harmful to minors”might appear.Google contends that since it is not a party to the case,the government has not right to demand its proprietary information to perform its test.”We intend to resist their motion vigorously,”said Google attorney Nicole Wong.DOJ spokesperson Charles Miller says that the government is requesting only the actual search terms,and not anything that would link the queries to those who made them.(The DOJ is also demanding a list of a million Web sites that Google indexes to determine the degree to which objectionable sites are searched.)Originally,the government asked for a treasure trove of all searches made in June and July;the request has been scaled back to one week’s worth of search queries.One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case.If the built-in filters that each search engine provides are effective in blocking porn sites,the government will have wound up proving what the opposition has said all along—you don’t need to suppress speech to protect minors on the Net.”We think that our filtering technology does a good job protecting minors from inadvertently seeing adult content,”says Ramez Naam,group program manager of MSN Search. Though the government intends to use these data specifically for its COPA-related test,it’s possible that the information could lead to further investigations and, perhaps,subpoenas to find out who was doing the searching. What if certain search terms indicated that people were contemplating terrorist actions or other criminal activities?Says the DOJ’s Miller,”I’m assuming that if something raised alarms,we would hand it over to the proper authorities.”Privacy advocates fear that if the government request is upheld,it will open the door to further government examination of search behavior.One solution would be for Google to stop storing the information,but the company hopes to eventually use thepersonal information of consenting customers to improve search performance.”Search is a window into people’s personalities,”says Kurt Opsahl,an El ectronic Frontier Foundation attorney.”They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders.”6.When the American government asked Google,AOL,Yahoo and Microsoft to turn over information on its users’search behavior,the major intention is_________.(A)to protect national security(B)to help protect personal freedom(C)to monitor Internet pornography(D)to implement the Child Online Protection Act7.Google refused to turn over”its proprietary information”(para.2)required by DOJ as it believes that ________.(A)it is not involved in the court case(B)users’privacy is most important(C)the government has violated the First Amendment(D)search terms is the company’s busin ess secret8.The phrase”scaled back to”in the sentence”the request has been scaled back to one week’s worth of searchqueries”(para.3)can be replaced by_________.(A)maximized to(B)minimized to(C)returned to(D)reduced to9.In the sentenc e”One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case.”(para.4),the expression”sink its own case”most probably means that_________.(A)counterattack the opposition(B)lead to blocking of porn sites(C)provide evidence to disprove the case(D)give full ground to support the case10.When Kurt Opsahl says that”They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders.”(para.5),the expression”Big Brother”is used to refer to_________.(A)a friend or relative showing much concern(B)a colleague who is much more experienced(C)a dominating and all-powerful ruling power(D)a benevolent and democratic organizationQuestions11—15On New Y ear’s Day,50,000inmates in Kenyan jails went without lunch.This was not somemass hunger strike to highlight poor living conditions. It was an extraordinary humanitarian gesture:the money that would have been spent on their lunches went to the charity Food Aid to help feed an estimated 3.5million Kenyans who,because of a severe drought,are threatened with starvation.The drought is big news in Africa, affecting huge areas of east Africa and the Horn.If you are reading this in the west,however,you may not be aware of it—the media is not interested in old stories.Even if you do know about the drought,you may not be aware that it is devastating one group of people disproportionately: the pastoralists.There are20million nomadic or semi-nomadic herders in this region,and they are fast becoming some of the poorest people in the continent.Their plight encapsulates Africa’s perennial problem with drought and famine.How so?It comes down to the reluctance of governments,aid agencies and foreign lenders to support the herders’traditional way of life.Instead they have tended to try to turn them into commercial ranchers or agriculturalists,even though it has been demonstratedtime and again that pastoralists are well adapted to their harsh environments,and that moving livestock according to the seasons or climatic changes makes their methods far more viable than agriculture in sub-Saharan drylands. Furthermore,African pastoralist systems are often more productive,in terms of protein and cash per hectare,than Australian,American and other African ranches in similar climatic conditions.They make a substantial contribution to their countries’national economies.In Kenya,for example,the turnover of the pastoralist sector is worth $800million per year.In countries such as Burkina Faso, Eritrea and Ethiopia,hides from pastoralists’herds make up over10per cent of export earnings.Despite this productivity,pastoralists still starve andtheir animals perish when drought hits.One reason is that only a trickle of the profits goesto the herders themselves;the lion’s share is pocketed by traders.This is partly because the herders only sell much of their stock during times of drought and famine, when they need the cash to buy food,and the terms of trade in this situation never work in their favour.Another reason is the lack of investment in herding areas.Fundingbodies such as the World Bank and-USAID tried to address some of the problems in the1960s,investing millions of dollars in commercial beef and dairy production.It didn’t work.Firstly,no one bothered to consult the pastoralists about what they wanted.Secondly,rearing livestock took precedence over human progress.The policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonial predecessors.They were based on two false assumptions:that pastoralism is primitive and inefficient,which led to numerous failed schemes aimed at converting herders to modern ranching models;and that Afri ca’s drylands can support commercial ranching.They cannot.Most of Africa’s herders live in areas with unpredictable weather systems that are totally unsuited to commercial ranching.What the pastoralists need is support for their traditional lifestyle.Over the past few years,funders and policy-makers have been starting to get the message.One example is intervention by governments to ensure that pastoralists get fair prices for their cattle when they sell them in times of drought,so that they can afford to buy fodder for their remaining livestockand cereals to keep themselves and their families alive (the problem in African famines is not so much a lack of food as a lack of money to buy it).Another example is a drought early-warning system run by the Kenyan government and the World Bank that hashelped avert livestock deaths.This is all promising,but more needs to be done.Some African governments still favour forcing pastoralists to settle.They should heed the latest scientific research demonstrating the productivity of traditional cattle-herding.Ultimately,sustainable rural development in pastoralist areas will depend on increasing trade,so one thing going for them is the growing demand for livestock products:there will likely be an additional 2billion consumers worldwide by2020,the vast majority in developing countries.To ensure that pastoralists benefit,it will be crucial to give them a greater say in local policies.Other key tasks include giving a greater say to women,who play critical roles in livestock production.The rich world should pay proper attention to the plight of the pastoralists.Leaving them dependent on foreign food aid is unsustainable and will lead to moreresentment,conflict,environmental degradation and malnutrition.It is in the rich world’s interests to help out.11.Which of the following CANNOT be concluded from the passage?(A)Forcing Africa’s nomadic herders to become ranchers will save them from drought.(B)The difference between pastoralist and agriculturalist is vital to the African people.(C)The rich world should give more support to the African people to overcome drought.(D)Environmental degradation should be the major concern in developing Africa’s pastoralism.12.The word”encapsulates”in the sentence”Their plight encapsulates Africa’s perennial problem with drought and famine.”(para.l)can be replaced by________.(A)concludes.(B)involves.(C)represents.(D)aggravates.13.What is the author’s attitude toward African drought and tr aditional lifestyle of pastoralism?(A)Neutral and indifferent.(B)Sympathetic and understanding.(C)Critical and vehement.(D)Subjective and fatalistic.14.When the author writes”the policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonial predecessors.”(para.4),he implies all the following EXCEPT that the aid agencies did not__________.(A)have an objective view of the situation in Africa(B)understand the unpredictable weather systems there(C)feel themselves superior in decision making(D)care about the development of the local people15.The author’s main purpose in writing this article in _________.(A)to evaluate the living conditions of Kenyan pastoralists(B)to give suggestions on the support of the traditional pastoralism in Africa(C)to illustrate the difference between commercial ranching and pastoralism(D)to criticize the colonial thinking of western aidagenciesQuestions16—20The prospects for finding life beyond Earth may be brightening.Today,scientists are reporting evidence for yet another potential habitat in our solar system:Saturn’s moon Enceladus.Scientists mining new data from the Cassini spacecraft say they may have found evidence that Enceladus—the planet’s fourth-largest moon —hosts liquid water.If the results hold up,this would bring to four the number of bodies in the solar system—including Earth—that display active volcanism.And since life as biologists know it requires liquid water and a source of energy, Enceladus would join Jupiter’s moon Europa and Saturn’s moon Titan,as well as Mars,as possible spots beyond Earth where simple forms of life may have gained or still maintain a foothold.The discovery,however,is bittersweet for many scientists.NASA’s proposed budget for fiscal calls for a50percent cut in its astrobiology program.Although the program is a tiny piece of the agency’s overall spending plan for science,it’s a significant source of money for probing fundamental questions of how and why life emerged on Earth and whetherlife arose elsewhere in the universe.A50-percent cut”is almost a going-out-of-business-level cut”in a vibrant line of research that stands as one pillar supporting President Bush’s vision for space exploration,says planetary scientist Sean Solomon,who heads the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism at the Carnegie Institution of Washington.Nevertheless,the research in today’s issue of the journal Science is the sort of thing that continues to light a fire under the field. Its report about liquid water under the icy surface of Enceladus is a”radical conclusion,”acknowledges Carolyn Porco,who leads the imaging team working with data from the Cassini orbiter.But if the team is right,”we have significantly broadened the diversity of solar-system environments”that might have rolled out the welcome mat”for living organisms,”she concludes.Images released last fall show the moon ejecting vast plumes of material near itsunexpectedly warm south pole.As the team pondered the evidence,they nixed severalexplanations,including the idea that the particles in the plumes were driven by vaporbillowing out as ice reached the surface and immediately turned into a gas.The last idea standing:Liquid water was venting from reservoirs near the surface,perhaps only tens of meters below the frigid crust.This explanation also helped solve the riddle of puzzlingly high levels of oxygen atoms found in Saturn’s neighborhood.Confirmation could come with additional flybys,if water—and perhaps life—is present,it wouldn’t be”luxuriant,”notes Jeffrey Kargel,a researcher at the University of Arizona at Tucson.It likely would face tough conditions—nasty chemicals,very low temperatures,and little energy to drive i t.Still,he adds,it’s premature to cross the moon off the list of possible”outposts”for life beyond Earth.Yet the prospect of building on these results could be dimmer with the threat of budget cuts.The proposed reductions post several challenges,researchers say.One is the loss of important financial leverage.While money for experiments and other research related to astrobiology can come from other funding agencies,such as the National Science Foundation or even the National Institutes of Health,NASA’s program often provides the crucial missing piece that turns demanding and sometimes dangerous。
上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段试题及答案
上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段试题及答案上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段试题( 06.9) SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST(30 minutes)Part A: Spot Dictation Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the world or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. Play is very important for humans from birth to death. Play is not meant to be just for children. It is a form of ___________ (1) that can tap into your creativity, and can allow you the chance to find your inner child and the inner child of others. I have collected the ___________ (2) of play here. Play can stimulate you ___________ (3). It can go against all the rules, and change the same ___________ (4). Walt Disney was devoted to play, and his willingness to ___________ (5) changed the world of entertainment. The next time you are stuck in a ___________ (6) way of life, pull out a box of color pencils,modeling clay, glue and scissors, and ___________ (7) and break free. You will be amazed at the way your thinking ___________ (8). Playing can bring greater joy into your life. What do you think the world would be like-if ___________ (9) each day in play? I bet just asking you this question has ___________(10). Play creates laughter, joy, entertainment, ___________ (11). Starting today, try to get30 minutes each day to engage in some form of play, and ___________ (12) rise! Play is known ___________ (13). Studies show that, as humans, play is part of our nature. We have the need to play because it is instinctive and ___________ (14). With regular play, our problem-solving and ___________ (15) will be in much better shape to handle this complex world, and we are much more likely to choose ___________ (16) as they arise. It creates laughter and freedom that can instantly reduce stress and __________ (17) to our daily living. Play can ___________ (18), curiosity, and creativity. Research shows that play is both a ‘hands-on’and ‘minds-on’learning process. It produces a deeper, ___________ (19) of the world and its possibilities. We begin giving meaning tolife through story making, and playing out ___________ (20).Part B: Listening Comprehension Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.1. (A) in Cherry Blossoms Village ninety of the residents are over 85 years old.(B) In the United States, there are twice as many centenarians as there were ten years ago.(C) All the people studied by these scientists from Georgia live in institutions for the elderly.(D) Almost all the residents in Cherry Blossoms Village have unusual hobbies.2. (A) Whether the centenarians can live independently in small apartments.(B) Whether it is feasible to establish a village for the ”oldest old”people.(C) What percentage of the population are centenarians in the state of Georgia.(D) What the real secrets are to becoming an active and healthy 100-year-old.3. (A) Diet, optimism, activity or mobility, and genetics.(B) Optimism, commitment to interesting things, activity or mobility, and adaptability to loss.(C) The strength to adapt to loss, diet, exercise, and genetics.(D) Diet, exercise, commitment to something they were interested in, and genetics.4. (A) The centenarians had a high calorie and fat intake.(B) The centenarians basically eat something different.(C) The centenarians eat a low-fat and low-calorie, unprocessed food diet.(D) The centenarians eat spicy food, drink whiskey, and have sweet pork every day.5. (A) Work hard.(B) Stay busy.(C) Stick to a balanced diet.(D) Always find something to laugh about. Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news. 6. (A) Global temperatures rose by 3 degrees in the 20th century.(B) Global warming may spread disease that could kill a lot of people in Africa.(C) Developed countries no longer depend on fossil fuels for transport and power.(D) The impact of the global warming will be radically reduced by 2050.7. (A) Taking bribes.(B) Creating a leadership vacuum at the country’s top car maker.(C) Misusing company funds for personal spending.(D) Offering cash for political favors.8. (A) The nation has raised alert status to the highest level and thousands of people have moved to safety.(B) The eruption of Mount Merapi has been the worst in Indonesia over the past two decades.(C) All residents in the region ten kilometers from the base of the mountain have evacuated.(D) The eruption process was a sudden burst and has caused extensive damage and heavy casualty.9. (A) 6 to 7.(B) 8 to 10.(C) 11 to 16.(D) 17 to 25.10. (A) Curbing high-level corruption.(B) Fighting organized crime.(C) Investigating convictions of criminals.(D) Surveying the threats to national security. Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.11. (A) A wine taster. (B) A master water taster. (C) The host of the show. (D) The engineer who works on the water treatment plant.12. (A) Berkeley Springs.(B) Santa Barbara.(C) Atlantic City. (D) Sacramento.13. (A) Being saucy and piquant.(B) Tasting sweet (C) A certain amount of minerals.(D) An absence of taste. 14. (A) Looking—smelling—tasting. (B) Tasting—smelling—looking.(C) Smelling—looking—tasting. (D) Tasting—looking—smelling.15. (A) Bathing. (B) Boiling pasta in. (C) Swimming. (D) Making tea.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk. 16. (A) Enhance reading and math skills. (B) Increase the students’appreciation of nature.(C) Improve math, but not reading skills. (D) Develop reading, but not math skills.17. (A) To help the students appreciate the arts. (B) To make the students’educatio n more well-rounded. (C) To investigate the impact of arts training. (D) To enhance the students’math skills.18. (A) Once weekly. (B) Twice weekly. (C) Once a month. (D) Twice a month.19. (A) Six months. (B) Seven months.(C) Eight months.(D) Nine months.20. (A) The children’s attitude.(B) The children’s test scores.(C) Both the children’s attitude and test scores.(D) Both the teachers’and the children’s attitude. SECTION 2: READING TEST (30 minutes)Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated orimplied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in thecorresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Questions 1—5 Anyone who doubts that children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need spend only a few minutes with a baby eagerly learning to walk or a headstrong toddler starting to talk. No matter how many times the little ones stumble in their initial efforts, most keep on trying, determined to master their amazing new skill. It is only several years later, around the start of middle or junior high school, many psychologists and teachers agree, that a good number of kids seem to lose their natural drive to succeed and end up joining the ranks of underachievers. For the parents of such kids, whose own ambition is often inextricably tied to their children’s su ccess, it can be a bewildering, painful experience. So it’s no wonder some parents find themselves hoping that, just maybe, ambition can be taught like any other subject at school. It’s not quite that simple. ”Kids can be given the opportunities to become passionate about a subject or activity, but they can’t be forced,”says JacquelynneEccles, a psychology professor at the University of Michigan, who led a landmark, 25-year study examining what motivated first-and seventh-grades in three school districts. Even so, a growing number of educators and psychologists do believe it is possible to unearth ambition in students who don’t seem to have much. They say that by instilling confidence, encouraging some risk taking, being accepting of failure and expanding the areas in which children may be successful, both parents and teachers can reignite that innate desire to achieve. Figuring out why the fire went out is the first step. Assuming that a kid doesn’t suffer froman emotional or learning disability, or isn’t involved in some family crisis at home, manyeducators attribute a sudden lack of motivation to a fear of failure or peer pressure thatconveys the message that doing well academically somehow isn’t cool. ”Kids get so caught up in the moment-to-moment issue of will they look smart or dumb, and it blocks them from thinking about the long term,”says Carol Dweck, a psychology professor atStanford. ”You have to teach them that they are in charge of their intellectual growth.”Over the past couple of years, Dweck has helped run an experimental workshop with New York City public school seventh-graders to do just that. Dubbed Brainology, the unorthodox approach uses basic neuroscience to teach kids how the brain works and how it can continue to develop throughou t life. ”The message is that everything is within the kids’control, that their intelligence is malleable,”says Lisa Blackwell, a research scientist at Columbia University who has worked with Dweck to develop and run the program, which has helped increase the students’interest in school and turned around their declining math grades. More than any teacher or workshop, Blackwell says, ”parents can play a critical role in conveying this message to their children by praising their effort, strategy and progres s rather than emphasizing their ‘smartness’or praising high performance alone. Most of all, parents should let their kids know that mistakes are a part of learning.”Some experts say our education system, with its strong emphasis on testingand rigid separation of students into different levels of ability, also bears blame for the disappearance of drive in some kids. ”These programs shut down the motivation of all kids who aren’t considered gifted and talented. They destroy their confidence,”says Jeff How ard, a social psychologist and president of the Efficacy Institute, a Boston-area organization that works with teachers and parents in school districts around the country to help improve children’sacademic performance. Howard and other educators say it’s important to expose kids to aworld beyond homework and tests, through volunteer work, sports, hobbies and other extracurricular activities. ”The crux of the issue is that many students experience education as irrelevant to their life goals and ambitions,”says Michael Nakkual, a Harvard education professor who runs a Boston-area mentoring program called Project IF (Inventing the Future), which works to get low-income underachievers in touch with their aspirations. The key to getting kids to aim higher at school is to disabuse them of the notion that classwork is irrelevant, to show them how doing well at schoolcan actually help them fulfill their dreams beyond it. Like any ambitious toddler, they need to understand that you have to learn to walk before you can run.1. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the first paragraph?(A) Children are born with a kind of healthy ambition.(B) How a baby learns to walk and talk.(C) Ambition can be taught like other subjects at school.(D) Some teenage children lose their drive to succeed.2. According to some educators and psychologists, all of the following would be helpful to cultivate students’ambition to succeed EXCEPT ________.(A) stimulating them to build up self-confidence(B) cultivating the attitude of risk taking(C) enlarging the areas for children to succeed(D) making them understand their family crisis3. What is the message that peer pressure conveys to children?(A) A sudden lack of motivation is attributed to the student’s failure.(B) Book knowledge is not as important as practicalexperience.(C) Looking smart is more important for young people at school.(D) To achieve academic excellence should not be treated as the top priority.4. The word ”malleable”in the clause ”that their intelligence is malleable,”(para.3) most probably means capable of being ________.(A) altered and developed(B) blocked and impaired(C) sharpened and advanced(D) replaced and transplanted5. The expression ”to disabuse them of the notion”(para.4) can be paraphrased as ________.(A) to free them of the idea(B) to help them understand the idea(C) to imbue them with the notion(D) to inform them of the conceptQuestions 6—10 Civil-liberties advocates reeling from the recent revelations on surveillance had something else to worry about last week: the privacy of the billions of search queries made on sites like Google,AOL, Yahoo and Microsoft. As part of a long-running court case, the government has asked those companies to turn over i nformation on its users’search behavior. All but Google have handed over data, and now the Department of Justice has moved to compel the search giant to turn over the goods. What makes this case different is that the intended use of the information is not related tonational security, but the government’s continuing attempt to police Internet pornography.In 1998, Congress passed the Child Online Protection Act (COPA), but courts have blocked its implementation due to First Amendment concerns. In its appeal, the DOJ wants to prove how easy it is to inadvertently stumble upon pore. In order to conduct a controlled experiment—to be performed by a UC Berkeley professor of statistics—the DOJ wants to use a large sample of actual search terms from the different search engines. It would then use those terms to do its own searches, employing the different kinds of filters each search engine offers, in an attempt to quantify how often ”material that is harmful to minors”mightappear. Google contends that since it is not a party to the case, the government has not right to demand its proprietary information to perform its test. ”We intend to resist their motion vigorously,”said Google attorney Nicole Wong. DOJ spokesperson Charles Miller says that the government is requesting only the actual search terms, and not anything that would link the queries to those who made them. (The DOJ is also demanding a list of a million Web sites that Google indexes to determine the degree to which objectionable sites are searched.) Originally, the government asked for a treasure trove of all searches made in June and July ; the request has been scaled back to one week’s worth of search queries. One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case. If the built-in filters that each search engine provides are effective in blocking porn sites, the government will have wound up proving what the opposition has said all along—you don’t need to suppress speech to protect minors on the Net. ”We think that our filtering technology does a good job protecting minors from inadvertently seeingadult content,”says Ramez Naam, group program manager of MSN Search.Though the government intends to use these data specifically for its COPA-related test, it’s possible that the information could lead to further investigations and, perhaps, subpoenas to find out who was doing the searching. What if certain search terms indicated that people were contemplating terrorist actions or other criminal activities? Says the DOJ’s Miller, ”I’m assuming that if something raised alarms, we would hand it over to the proper authorities.”Privacy advocates fear that if the government request is upheld, it will open the door to further government examination of search behavior. One solution would be for Google to stop storing the information, but the company hopes to eventually use the personal information of consenting customers to improve search performance. ”Search is a window into people’s personalities,”says Kurt Opsahl, an El ectronic Frontier Foundation attorney. ”They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying aboutBig Brother looking over their shoulders.”6. When the American government asked Google, AOL, Yahoo and Microsoft to turn over information on its users’search behavior, the major intention is _________.(A) to protect national security(B) to help protect personal freedom(C) to monitor Internet pornography(D) to implement the Child Online Protection Act7. Google refused to turn over ”its proprietary information”(para.2) required by DOJ as it believes that ________.(A) it is not involved in the court case(B) users’privacy is most important(C) the government has violated the First Amendment(D) search terms is the company’s busin ess secret8. The phrase ”scaled back to”in the sentence ”the request has been scaled back to one week’s worth of search queries”(para.3) can be replaced by _________.(A) maximized to(B) minimized to(C) returned to(D) reduced to9. In the sentenc e ”One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case.”(para.4), the expression ”sink its own case”most probably means that _________.(A) counterattack the opposition(B) lead to blocking of porn sites(C) provide evidence to disprove the case(D) give full ground to support the case10. When Kurt Opsahl says that ”They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders.”(para.5), the expression ”Big Brother”is used to refer to _________.(A) a friend or relative showing much concern(B) a colleague who is much more experienced(C) a dominating and all-powerful ruling power(D) a benevolent and democratic organization Questions 11—15On New Y ear’s Day, 50,000 inmates in Kenyan jails went without lunch. This was not somemass hunger strike to highlight poor living conditions. It was an extraordinary humanitarian gesture: themoney that would have been spent on their lunches went to the charity Food Aid to help feed an estimated 3.5 million Kenyans who, because of a severe drought, are threatened with starvation. The drought is big news in Africa, affecting huge areas of east Africa and the Horn. If you are reading this in the west, however, you may not be aware of it—the media is not interested in old stories. Even if you do know about the drought, you may not be aware that it is devastating one group of people disproportionately: the pastoralists. There are 20 million nomadic or semi-nomadic herders in this region, and they are fast becoming some of the poorest people in the continent. Their plight encapsulates Africa’s perennial problem with drought and famine. How so? It comes down to the reluctance of governments, aid agencies and foreign lenders to support the herders’traditional way of life. Instead they have tended to try to turn them into commercial ranchers or agriculturalists, even though it has been demonstrated time and again that pastoralists are well adapted to their harsh environments, and that moving livestock according to the seasons or climatic changesmakes their methods far more viable than agriculture in sub-Saharan drylands. Furthermore, African pastoralist systems are often more productive, in terms of protein and cash per hectare, than Australian, American and other African ranches in similar climatic conditions. They make a substantial contribution to their countries’national economies. In Kenya, for example, the turnover of the pastoralist sector is worth $800 million per year. In countries such as Burkina Faso, Eritrea and Ethiopia, hides from pastoralists’herds makeup over 10 per cent of export earnings. Despite this productivity, pastoralists still starve andtheir animals perish when drought hits. One reason is that only a trickle of the profits goesto the herders themselves; the lion’s share is pocketed by traders. This is partly because the herders only sell much of their stock during times of drought and famine, when they need the cash to buy food, and the terms of trade in this situation never work in their favour. Another reason is the lack of investment in herding areas. Funding bodies such as the World Bankand-USAID tried to address some of the problems in the 1960s, investing millions of dollars in commercial beef and dairy production. It didn’t work. Firstly, no one bothered to consult the pastoralists about what they wanted. Secondly, rearing livestock took precedence over human progress. The policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonial predecessors. They were based on two false assumptions: that pastoralism is primitive and inefficient, which led to numerous failed schemes aimed at converting herders to modern ranching models; and that Afri ca’s drylands can support commercial ranching. They cannot. Most of Africa’s herders live in areas with unpredictable weather systems that are totally unsuited to commercial ranching. What the pastoralists need is support for their traditional lifestyle. Over the past few years, funders and policy-makers have been starting to get the message. One example is intervention by governments to ensure that pastoralists get fair prices for their cattle when they sell them in times of drought,so that they can afford to buy fodder for their remaining livestock and cereals to keep themselves and their families alive (the problem in African famines is not so much a lack of food as a lack of money to buy it). Another example is a drought early-warning system run by the Kenyan government and the World Bank that hashelped avert livestock deaths.This is all promising, but more needs to be done. Some African governments still favour forcing pastoralists to settle. They should heed the latest scientific research demonstrating the productivity of traditional cattle-herding. Ultimately, sustainable rural development in pastoralist areas will depend on increasing trade, so one thing going for them is the growing demand for livestock products: there will likely be an additional 2 billion consumers worldwide by 2020, the vast majority in developing countries. To ensure that pastoralists benefit, it will be crucial to give them a greater say in local policies. Other key tasks include giving a greater say to women, who play critical roles in livestock production. The rich world should payproper attention to the plight of the pastoralists. Leaving them dependent on foreign food aid is unsustainable and will lead to more resentment, conflict, environmental degradation and malnutrition. It is in the rich world’s interests to help out.11. Which of the following CANNOT be concluded from the passage?(A) Forcing Africa’s nomadic herders to become ranchers will save them from drought.(B) The difference between pastoralist and agriculturalist is vital to the African people.(C) The rich world should give more support to the African people to overcome drought.(D) Environmental degradation should be the major concern in developing Africa’s pastoralism.12. The word ”encapsulates”in the sentence ”Their plight encapsulates Africa’s perennial problem with drought and famine.”(para. l) can be replaced by ________.(A) concludes.(B) involves.(C) represents.(D) aggravates.13. What is the author’s attitude toward African drought and tr aditional lifestyle of pastoralism?(A) Neutral and indifferent.(B) Sympathetic and understanding.(C) Critical and vehement.(D) Subjective and fatalistic.14. When the author writes ”the policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonial predecessors.”(para.4), he implies all the following EXCEPT that the aid agencies did not __________.(A) have an objective view of the situation in Africa(B) understand the unpredictable weather systems there(C) feel themselves superior in decision making(D) care about the development of the local people15. The author’s main purpose in writing this article in _________.(A) to evaluate the living conditions of Kenyan pastoralists(B) to give suggestions on the support of thetraditional pastoralism in Africa(C) to illustrate the difference between commercial ranching and pastoralism(D) to criticize the colonial thinking of western aid agenciesQuestions 16—20 The prospects for finding life beyond Earth may be brightening. Today, scientists are reporting evidence for yet another potential habitat in our solar system: Saturn’s moon Enceladus. Scientists mining new data from the Cassini spacecraft say they may have foundevidence that Enceladus—the planet’s fourth-largest moon—hosts liquid water.If the results hold up, this would bring to four the number of bodies in the solar system—including Earth —that display active volcanism. And since life as biologists know it requires liquid water and a source of energy, Enceladus would join Jupiter’s moon Europa and Saturn’s moon Titan, as well as Mars, as possible spots beyond Earth where simple forms of life may have gained or still maintain a foothold. The discovery, however, is bittersweet for many scientists. NASA’sproposed budget for fiscal calls for a 50 percent cut in its astrobiology program. Although the program is a tiny piece of the agency’s overall spending plan for science, it’s a significant source of money for probing fundamental questions of how and why life emerged on Earth and whether life arose elsewhere in the universe.A 50-percent cut ”is almost a going-out-of-business-level cut”in a vibrant line of research that stands as one pillar supporting President Bush’s vision for space exploration, says planetary scientist Sean Solomon, who heads the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism at the Carnegie Institution of Washington. Nevertheless, the research in today’s issue of the journal Science is the sort of thing that continues to light a fire under the field. Its report about liquid water under the icy surface of Enceladus is a ”radical conclusion,”acknowledges Carolyn Porco, who leads the imaging team working with data from the Cassini orbiter. But if the team is right, ”we have significantly broadened the diversity of solar-system environments”that might have rolled out the welcomemat ”for living organisms,”she concludes. Images released last fall show the moon ejecting vast plumes of material near itsunexpectedly warm south pole. As the team pondered the evidence, they nixed severalexplanations, including the idea that the particles in the plumes were driven by vaporbillowing out as ice reached the surface and immediately turned into a gas. The last idea standing: Liquid water was venting from reservoirs near the surface, perhaps only tens of meters below the frigid crust. This explanation also helped solve the riddle of puzzlingly high levels of oxygen atoms found in Saturn’s neighborhood. Confirmation could come with additional flybys, if water—and perhaps life—is present, it wouldn’t be ”luxuriant,”notes Jeffrey Kargel, a researcher at the University of Arizona at Tucson. It likely would face tough conditions—nasty chemicals, very low temperatures, and little energy to drive i t. Still, he adds, it’s premature to cross the moon off the list of possible ”outposts”for life beyond Earth. Yet the prospect of building on these results could be。
(A)上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试英译中经济科技(一)
(A)上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试英译中经济科技(一)(总分：100.04，做题时间：90分钟)一、试题1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Japan"s once enviable jobless rate will soar to double-digit levels if—and the warning is a big one—firms opt for drastic Western-style layoffs to boost profits. While Japan"s lifetime employment system is visibly unravelling, many economists still doubt whether a scenario of soaring joblessness will occur, given that economic incentives to slash payrolls clash with social and political pressures to save jobs. A kinder, gentler approach to restructuring would soften the social instability many fear would result from doubling the jobless rate, already at a record high.531Critics believe it would also cap gains in profit margins and stifle economic vitality, especially in the absence of bold steps to open the door to new growth, industries. Some economists believe different methods of counting mean Japan"s jobless rate is already close to 7 per cent by United States standards, not that far from the 7.8 per cent peak hit in the US in 1992 when it began to emerge from a two-year slump.（分数：20.00）(1).Japan"s once enviable jobless rate will soar to double-digit levels if-and the warning isa big one-firms opt for drastic Western-style layoffs to boost profits.（分数：4.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：如果日本各公司效仿西方国家，通过大幅裁员来增加利润，日本一度令人羡慕的低失业率将飙升至两位数，这不是耸人听闻。
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2023年3月上海市高级口译资格第一阶
段笔试真题试卷及答案
第一部分：听力理解
题目一
音频播放内容：
请听第一段对话，回答第1至2小题。
W: Could you please tell me how to get to the nearest post office?
M: Sure. Go straight along this street until you reach the traffic lights. Then turn left and you'll see the post office on your right.
W: Thanks for your help.
W: Excuse me, is the post office still open at this time?
M: I'm not sure. You can call them to check.
W: OK, thanks again.
M: No problem.
问题：
1. Where is the nearest post office?
2. How can the woman confirm if the post office is still open?
答案：
1. On the right, after turning left at the traffic lights.
2. By calling the post office.
题目二
音频播放内容：
请听第二段对话，回答第3至4小题。
W: Have you seen the weather forecast for tomorrow?
M: No, I haven't. What did it say?
W: It said it'll be sunny in the morning, but it might rain in the afternoon.
M: I hope it stays sunny. I have plans for a picnic.
W: Let's keep an eye on the weather. We can always reschedule if needed.
M: That's true. Thanks for letting me know.
M: Anyway, do you want to go get some ice cream later?
W: Sure, that sounds great!
问题：
3. What does the weather forecast say about tomorrow?
4. What are the speakers planning to do if the weather changes?
答案：
3. Sunny in the morning, but possibly rain in the afternoon.
4. They will reschedule their picnic plans if needed.
第二部分：阅读理解
文章一
The Benefits of Regular Exercise
Regular exercise is essential for maintaining good physical and mental health. Here are some of the key benefits:
2. Disease Prevention: Regular physical activity reduces the risk of developing chronic diseases such as heart disease, high blood pressure, and diabetes.
3. Mental Well-being: Exercise releases endorphins, which are known as the "feel-good" hormones. It helps reduce stress, anxiety, and depression, promoting better mental health.
4. Improved Sleep: People who exercise regularly tend to have better sleep quality, allowing them to feel more rested and energized during the day.
5. Increased Energy Levels: Engaging in physical activity boosts energy levels and reduces fatigue. Regular exercise improves overall stamina and endurance.
In conclusion, incorporating regular exercise into one's lifestyle brings numerous benefits to both physical and mental well-being. It is important to make time for exercise and prioritize it as a part of a healthy routine.
问题：
5. What is one of the benefits of regular exercise mentioned in the passage?
6. What are endorphins known for?
答案：
5. Weight management and prevention of obesity.
6. Endorphins are known as the "feel-good" hormones.
文章二
The Impact of Air Pollution on Health
Air pollution is a significant environmental issue that poses risks to human health. Here are some of the ways air pollution can affect our well-being:
1. Respiratory Problems: Exposure to pollutants in the air can lead to respiratory issues, such as asthma and bronchitis. Long-term exposure can cause permanent lung damage.
2. Cardiovascular Diseases: Air pollution has been linked to an increased risk of heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular diseases. Fine particles in the air can enter the bloodstream and affect the heart and blood vessels.
4. Premature Death: Studies have shown that long-term exposure to air pollution can shorten life expectancy. The pollutants in the air contribute to various health conditions that can lead to premature death.
In order to protect our health, it is crucial to take measures to reduce air pollution and improve air quality.
问题：
7. What are some health problems associated with air pollution according to the passage?
8. What can be done to protect our health from air pollution?
答案：
7. Respiratory problems, cardiovascular diseases, allergies and irritations, and premature death.
8. Measures should be taken to reduce air pollution and improve air quality.。