非谓语动词——不定式讲解与练习

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高考非谓语动词讲解与练习

非谓语动词不定式的句法功能:动词不定式除了不能单独作谓语外，几乎能充当句子中所有的句子成分。

1.不定式做主语：(1) To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.动词不定式(短语)作主语时，常用it代替它作形式主语：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.(2)不定式和动名词做主语的区别:动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为，在意义上是比较抽象的、一般的，时间概念不强，不是指某一次的动作；不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。

例如：Doing sports is good for people’s health.To do too much exercise is not good for him as he has a heart illness.2.不定式作表语(1)表示主语的具体内容。

The duty of a postman is to deliver letters and newspapers.注意：主语部分有实义动词do 时，表语中可以省略to。

What he did first was (to) walk up to his friend and hug him.(2)“be to do”还可以表示不同的情态意义。

Children are not to smoke. (禁止)They are to marry next week. (安排)You must be patient and persistent if you are to succeed. (愿望)Man is to live a better life in the next century. (事态发展或预期的结果)注意:有几个不定式作表语，需用主动表被动：Parents are to blame if their children do not have good manners.3.不定式做宾语(1)接不定式做宾语的常见动词：afford, agree, aim, appear, arrange, begin, choose, come, dare, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, happen, help, hope, learn, long, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, want, wish注意: demand/hope只能接to do 不能接sb to do。

高中语法非谓语动词之动词不定式讲解及练习

(7)动词不定式作独立成分这些短语有： to begin with, to tell the truth,to make a long story short,so to speak,to be brief,to be frank,to conclude. 例：To begin with,I'like to introduce myself to you all.
2)在too...to结构中，后面的形容词是为 ready,eager,anxious,apt,willing,glad, pleased等词时，动词不定式不再有否定的意思。 too在此处可以理解成very的意思。例：She is too ready to help. 她极其乐于帮助别人
原因状语：动词不定式常跟在一些形容词后，说明产生这些情绪的原因。这类形容词有： happy,surprised,sorry,glad,eager等例：I am sorry to interrupt you.
2)be to 含有按计划，按命令做的事情或应该、可能、注定发生的事情
例：We are to meet once a week. 我们按计划将一个月碰一次头。 What is to be done?应该怎么办？ The key is nowhere to be found.可能
(4)动词不定式作宾语补足语或在被动语态中作主语补足语例：We'd love you to give us a hand. He was made to repair the broken chair. ※ 注意： 1）在一些动词后，作宾语补足语的动词不定式to要省略掉。这类动词包括感官动词和使役动词。如： see,hear,watch,have,make,let等。但如果句子是被动语态，动词不定式为主补时，要带to（let 除外） I heard her sing a song in the next room yesterday.

1非谓语动词不定式_动名词讲解

非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的定义及其形式1. 在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。

它不受人称和数的限制。

2. 非谓语动词的形式动名词：doing 不定式：to do请看下列句子：I enjoy music. I enjoy listening to music. I want water. I want to drink water.构成：（to）+动词原形动词不定式非在句中的作用（除谓语动词外的任何成分）谓构成：V.-ing语动名词动用法（主、宾、表、定）词构成：V. -ing / V.-ed（规则变化）分词用法（表、补、定、状）（一）动名词一、动名词的构成：动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成二、动名词的句法功能功能例句说明主语Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多对你的健康有害。

谓语动词用单数形式。

宾语动词宾语介词宾语I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。

Stamps are used for sending letters.邮票是被用来寄信的。

表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。

表语His hobby is collecting stamps.=Collecting stamps is his hobby. 多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语。

定语She is in the reading room.她在阅览室。

We should improve our teaching methods.我们应该改进教学方法。

只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。

置于所修饰词之前。

1.动名词作主语动名词作主语相当于一个名词，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式（1）动名词作主语的句型1）Doing...+ v.Reading is an art.阅读是门艺术。

Seeing is believing.眼见为实。

非谓语动词动词不定式讲解

• •
To learn an art is very hard. 学习一门艺术很难。 To master a foreign language calls for a great deal of memory work. 掌握一门外语需要大量的记忆。
ஐ 注：常用it作形式主语，将to do位于之后，作真正主语，使句子保持平衡。
• It is necessary for you to get there on time.
按时到达那里是很必要的。 • It is impolite of you to speak to the teacห้องสมุดไป่ตู้er like that. • =You are impolite to speak to the teacher like that. 你那样对老师说话是很不礼貌的。
• It’s kind of you to help me.
2、作表语
不定式作表语表示主语的“职业、职责或性质”等，从时间概念上说含有将来意义。 • Our duty is to help the young children to grow better. 我们的职责就是帮助孩子们更好的成长。
动词不定式
一、动词不定式的基本构成
由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定形式由not+不定
式构成。
肯定式：to do sth.
否定式：not to do sth.
被动式：to be done 完成式：to have done
二、动词不定式的句法功能
1.作主语
不定式在句子中作主语，相当于名词或代词的作用。
职责。
• It is a great enjoyment to spend our holiday in the mountains. 在山上度过我们的假日真是一个莫大的享受。

中考英语非谓语动词用法系列讲座---动词不定式、动名词和动词过去分词精讲和练习

中考英语非谓语动词用法系列讲座非谓语动词主要指在句中不能充当句子谓语，而是充当句子其它成分的动词。

非谓语动词有三种形式：动词不定式、动名词和分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）。

现在分词和动名词又统称为动词v--ing形式。

非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化，但有语态和时态的变化。

本讲座主要对非谓语动词的基本用法分别进行系列讲解。

第一讲：动词不定式用法精讲及练习考点一：动词不定式的基本用法动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，在某些情况下，to可以省略。

动词不定式在句中主要起名词、形容词、副词的作用，因此，动词不定式可以作句子主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、同位语和独立结构。

但在初中阶段，主要掌握动词不定式作句子的主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语为主。

为了简明扼要地掌握动词不定式的用法，我们以表格的形式呈现给大家。

见下表：表（一）：动词不定式的基本形式：【典型考例】（2019湖北襄阳）我们的老师总是告诉我们，在学习中不要逃避任何困难。

(keep)Our teacher always tells us___ _ in the study【析】正确答案：not to escape any difficulties。

“告诉某人不要做某事”在英语中为tell sb. not to do sth.,not to do sth为动词不定式的否定形式，作动词tell的宾语补足语。

“逃避任何困难”为escape any difficulties。

【典型考例】（2019哈尔滨）Kids like reading stories which can make them _____.ughB.to laughughing【析】正确答案：A。

句意是：孩子们喜欢那些能让他们哈哈大笑的故事。

动词make为使役动词，其后接不定式短语作宾语补足语时，省略to。

即make sb do sth“使某人作某事”，故正确答案为A。

非谓语动词讲解(超全

非谓语动词讲解(超全非谓语动词是指动词的非谓语形式，包括动词不定式、动名词和现在分词。

与主谓结构不同，非谓语动词可在句子中作状语、定语或表语。

在英语中，非谓语动词的形式是相对固定的，但在不同的语法环境中所表示的意义和用法有所差异。

1. 动词不定式（to-infinitive）动词不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成，常常用作动词的宾语、主语、状语或定语。

例如：- 宾语：I want to go to the zoo.（我想去动物园。

）- 主语：To speak English fluently is important for your career.（流利地说英语对你的事业很重要。

）- 状语：He went to the store to buy some groceries.（他去商店买了些杂货。

）- 定语：She needs a pen to write her essay.（她需要一支笔来写作文。

）2. 动名词（gerund）动名词是将动词加上-ing构成，常常用作动词的宾语、主语、状语或定语。

例如：- 宾语：I enjoy reading books in my spare time.（我闲暇时喜欢读书。

）- 主语：Swimming is good exercise.（游泳是很好的锻炼。

）- 状语：She left the party early, feeling tired.（她因为感觉累了，所以提前离开了聚会。

）- 定语：The crying baby woke up the whole neighborhood.（哭闹的婴儿把整个邻居都吵醒了。

）3. 现在分词（present participle）现在分词由动词原形加上-ing构成，常常用作动词的宾语、主语、状语或定语。

例如：- 宾语：He enjoys playing soccer on weekends.（他喜欢周末踢足球。

）- 主语：Listening to music helps me relax.（听音乐帮助我放松。

原创高考非谓语动词之不定式todo讲解

试题先练
• 3. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ____ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects • 4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ____ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see
(7).独立结构
To tell the truth, I don’t agree with you.
类似的结构
•to be frank坦白的说 •to put it another way换句话说 •to make things worse 更糟糕的是 •needless to say 不用说
注意1：to have done 出题点
试题先练
5. The mother didn’t know ____ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. A. who B. when C. how D. why 6. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ____ A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
注意1:常考的不定式作定语的词有 way,ability, chance, ambition, anxiety, attempt, belief He has an ambition to be a pilot. 注意2：由 only, last, next, 序数词和adj. 最高级修饰的词常用不定式作定语。此为出题点 He is the first to come and last to leave.

非谓语动词作定语讲解及练习(附答案)

非谓语动词作定语一．不定式作定语1.不定式作定语常用于不定代词或被the first/next/only/last等修饰的名词和其他一些名词、代词之后。

其中，不定式的一般式通常表示的动作，完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作。

例如：She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave.2.如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系，在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词。

例如：Let's first find a room to live in / to put the things in.We have nothing to worry about. (=There is nothing for us to worry about.)3.不定式作定语修饰一个在逻辑上是其宾语名词时,若在句子中能找到该不定式的逻辑主语, 则该不定式多用主动表被动，否则，用被动式。

（本结构是高考常考点）例如：I have a lot of things to do today. ( I ... do ... things)Have you got anything to say at the meeting? ( you... say ... anything)Here is a letter to be taken to Mr. Li.在there be句型中，有时用主动式或被动式意思不同。

1.2.our 1.分He is a student loved by all the teachers.The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our school.2.像定语从句一样，分词作定语也有非限制性的，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。

例如：The students, wearing their school uniforms, marched into the playground.The substance, discovered almost by accident,has greatly changed the world.非谓语动词做定语1.Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one ______first is the library.A. repairedB. being repairedC. repairingD. to be repaired2.I'm calling to enquire about the position ________ in yesterday's China Daily.A. advertisedB. to be advertisedC. advertisingD. having advertised3.After she completes the project, she’ll have ________.A. nothing to worry aboutB. nothing to worryC. nothing to be worried aboutD. nothing worrying about4.His first book ______ next month is based on a true story.A. publishedB. to be publishedC. to publishD. being published5.The rare fish, _____ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea.A. savedB. savingC. to be savedD. having saved6. A great number of students ______ said they were forced to practise the piano.A. to questionB. to be questionedC. questionedD. questioning7.They built a house _____.A. of the things to put inB. of the things to be put inC. for the things to put inD. for the things to be put in8.That is the only way we can imagine __ the overuse of water in students'bathrooms.A. reducingB. to reduceC. reducedD. reduce9.There is a great deal of evidence ______that music activities engage different partsof the brain.A. indicateB. indicatingC. to indicateD. to be indicating10.We are invited to a party ______in our club next Friday.A. to be heldB. heldC. being heldD. holding11.The trees ________ in the storm have been moved off the road.A. being blown downB. blown downC. blowing downD. to blow down12.I have a lot of readings _____ before the end of this term.A. completingB. to completeC. completedD. being completed13.With the world changing fast, we have something new ______with all by ourselvesevery day.A. dealB. dealtC. to dealD. dealing14.The next thing he saw was smoke ______ from behind the house.A. roseB. risingC. to riseD. risen15.The government plans to bring in new laws _____ parents to take moreresponsibility for the education of their children.A. forcedB. forcingC. to be forcedD. having forced16.On receiving a phone call from his wife _____ she had a fall, Mr Gordonimmediately rushed home from office.A. saysB. saidC. sayingD. to say17.The players ____ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in thissummer game .A. selectingB. to selectC. selectedD. having selected18.Simon made a big bamboo box _______ the little sick bird till it could fly.A. keepB. keptC. keepingD. to keep19.Peter received a letter just now ________ his grandma would come to see him soon.A．said B．says C．saying D．to say20.The island, ____ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.A. joiningB. to joinC. joinedD. having joined21.The rare fish, _____ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea.A. savedB. savingC. to be savedD. having saved22.Look over there—there’s a very long, winding path ______ up to the house.A. leadingB. leadsC. ledD. to lead23.Recently a survey _____ prices of the same goods in two different supermarketshas caused heated debate among citizens.A. comparedB. comparingC. comparesD. being compared24.The ability _____an idea is as important as the idea itself.A. expressingB. expressedC. to expressD. to be expressed25.Tsinghua University, ____ in 1911,is home to a great number of outstandingfigures.A. foundB. foundingC. foundedD. to be founded26.We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______at the meeting willinfluence the future of our company.A. to be madeB. being madeC. madeD. having been made27.After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _____.A. providingB. providedC. having providedD. provide28.Time, ______ correctly, is money in the bank.A. to useB. usedC. usingD. use29.The lecture, _____ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of themoon with telescopes.A. startingB. being startingC. to startD. to be started30.John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter _____ him it.A. offeredB. offeringC. to offerD. to be offered31.“It’s such a nice place,” Mother said as she s at at the table _____ for customers.A. to be reservedB. having reservedC. reservingD. reserved32. Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions __ ?A. takingB. takeC. taken D .to take33.The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.A. being weighedB. to weighC. weighedD. weighing34. So far nobody has claimed the money ____ in the library.A. discoveredB. to be discoveredC. discoveringD. having discovered35. Mrs.White showed her students some old maps ______ from the library.A. to borrowB. to be borrowedC. borrowedD. borrowing答案1-5 DAABA 6-10 CDBBA 11-15 BBCBB 16-20 CCDCC21-25 AABCC 26-30 ABBAB 31-35 DCDAC。

高考英语语法非谓语动词讲解练习含答案

动词不定式、现在分词、动名词、过去分词总称为非谓语动词。

非谓语动词的形式及句法功能如下：示被动与完成。

非谓语动词作状语(一)不定式作状语不定式作状语时相当于一个状语从句，常用来作目的状语、结果状语或原因状语。

1．不定式用来作目的状语。

作目的状语时，不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语，往往译作“为了；想要”。

►To be a winner, you need to give all you have and try your best.要想成为赢家，你要付出所有并竭尽全力。

2．不定式用于so...as to, such...as to, enough to, too...to, only to等结构中作结果状语。

►Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle?你能好心把你的自行车借给我吗？►He hurried to the booking office only to be told all the tickets had been sold out.他匆忙去了售票处，结果被告知所有的票都已经卖完了。

【注意】“only＋to do”表示出乎意料的结果，tell和主语he 之间存在动宾关系，因而应用不定式的被动结构。

而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。

►His parents died, leaving him an orphan.他的父母去世了，因此他成了孤儿。

(二)过去分词作状语1．过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，且含有完成之意。

意义上相当于状语从句，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随状况等。

►Offered an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.因为安迪在一部新电影中被分得一个重要角色，他得到了一个成名的机会。

2．某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构中。

初中语法动词不定式讲解及习题

动词不定式动词不定式不能做谓语，一种非谓语动词结构。

有些动词不定式不带to，动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。

一、结构主动式：to+动词原形；否定形式：not to+动词原形被动式：to be+动词的过去分词二、用法1、作主语动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。

(1)常用it作形式主语；真正的主语：“动词不定式”①It＋be＋形容词＋for sb.＋to do sth. (adj.为necessary，important等)It is easy for us to learn English.②It＋be＋形容词＋of sb.＋to do sth. (adj.为人的品质，clever，good，kind等)“It is stupid of you to write down everything”，the teacher says.③It＋be＋名词＋to do sth.It's our duty to take good care of the old.④It seems(appears)＋形容词＋to do sth.It seemed impossible to save money.(2)把不定式置于句首。

如：To get there by bike will take us half an hour.(3)带疑问词的不定式短语作主语How to solve the problem is hard for him.2、作表语动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征，通常放在连系动词（主要是be动词）后。

1.The best way to improve your English is to join an English club.2.The first thing is to greet the teacher.注意：不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作；动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。

高中英语非谓语动词精讲精练—动词不定式

高中英语非谓语动词精讲精练—动词不定式动词不定式的构成动词不定式由“to+ 动词原形”构成，如：to study, to play，动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用，但仍留着动词的特征，它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语，如：to study hard, to play table tennis。

动词不定式的句法作用:动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。

主语：不定式做主语，常常用it做形式主语，而把不定式放后面表语：多说情况下，不定式做表语，可转换为做主语宾语：只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不做介词的宾语定语：不定式做定语，要放在修饰词的后面状语：不定式做状语，其逻辑主语要和主语一致动词不定式的形式变化：1. 不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：(1)把不定式置于句首。

如：To get there by bike will take us half an hour.To take exercise every day is beneficial to health.To solve this problem in such a short seems impossible.To do that sort of thing is foolish.(2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。

如：①It＋be＋名词＋to doIt’s our duty to take good care of the old.②It takes sb+ some time +to doHow long did it take you to finish the work?③It＋be＋形容词＋for sb＋to doIt is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.④It＋be＋形容词＋of sb＋to doIt is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays.⑤It seems (appears) ＋形容词＋to do seem 常用句式为“It seems that …..”和“sb seems to do sth …..”表示“似乎、好像”的意思。

非谓语动词用法详解不定式作主语

非谓语动词用法详解不定式作主语非谓语动词用法详解——不定式作主语非谓语动词是指不具备主谓关系、不能独立作谓语的动词形式。

其中，不定式是一种常见的非谓语动词形式，它在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分。

本文将详细解析不定式作主语的用法。

一、不定式作主语的基本用法不定式作主语常用于以下几种结构中：1. It + be + 不定式：在这个结构中，不定式起到主语的作用。

例如：It is important to exercise regularly.定期锻炼是很重要的。

2. 不定式短语：不定式短语作主语时，整个短语放在句首。

例如：To travel around the world is my dream.环游世界是我的梦想。

3. 动名词 + 不定式：将动名词作主语时，常常用不定式来补充说明。

例如：Taking risks is the key to success.冒险是成功的关键。

二、不定式作主语的特殊用法1. 用于there be 句型There be 句型表示“存在某物”，当不定式短语作主语时，表示某物的存在。

例如：There is much work to do.有很多工作要做。

2. 用于情态动词情态动词后接不定式作主语，表示建议、要求、命令等含义。

例如：You should try to do your best.你应该尽力而为。

三、不定式作主语的注意事项1. 与谓语动词保持一致不定式作主语时，要与谓语动词的主语保持一致。

例如：To work hard is important. （单数主语）Working hard is important.（复数主语）2. 换位不定式在句子中，有时为了避免主语过长或句子结构累赘，可将不定式短语放在句尾。

例如：It is important to exercise regularly.（正常结构）To exercise regularly is important.（换位结构）3. 主谓一致性不定式作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式根据不定式所表示的动作或状态而定。

高考英语复习非谓语动词(不定式)讲解

非谓语动词【不定式】非谓语动词【不定式】一不定式的作用二不定式的逻辑主语三不定式的时态和语态四省去to 的不定式三种非谓语动词形式，即不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）、分词（现在分词d oing &过去分词done）一不定式的作用1. 作主语（It + to do）不定式作句子主语的情况非常常见，通常有两种结构：（1）不定式t o do 直接放在句首的主语位置例：To l ove f or t he s ake o f b eing l oved i s h uman,but t o l ove f or t he s ake o f l oving i s a ngelic.因为被爱而爱，是人之常情；因为爱而爱，则难能可贵。

（2）不定式t o do 放在句末，而用i t 作形式主语指代句末的不定式这种情况下，又有不同结构，如①“It is +形容词+ to do”结构（此处的形式主语不能用t his 或t hat 来替换）Itis possible to give without loving,but it is impossible to love without giving.我们可以付出而不爱，但不可能爱而不付出。

②其他结构，如It takes time and efforts to master English.It is my duty to help you with English.2. 做宾语（动词+ to do）不定式作句子宾语，通常有三种可能的结构：（1）动词+ to do（句子主语和不定式逻辑主语一致）Ihope to see you again.（2）动词+疑问词+ t o d o在一些动词后，可以在连接代词（what ,which,who）或连接副词（how,when,where）及连词whether 后面接一个带t o 的不定式，可将该结构看成是连接词引导的宾语从句的简略形式。

高一(5)动词不定式讲解、练习

高一英语暑期复习材料（5）词汇巩固A Horrible Earthquake可怕的地震Dirty water rose in well s and canal s before the e . But no one (判断) that an earthquake was coming. Suddenly, everything shook. It seemed（似乎）he world was （结束）. Millions brick houses and（许多）dam s were d . Railway track s became useless bar s. Pipe s in mine s （爆裂）and let out smelly steam. Huge crack s t cyclist s everywhere.The next day, this （事件）was the headline or main（标题）of all newspapers. With the reporter s giving an outline of the （灾难）, the whole（国家）was shock ed by the damage and the victim’s extreme s . People were moved when they read that the survivors comforted each other by saying “Congratulations! You survived!” So they not only （表达）their sympathy sincerely, but also organized together to help the victims （立刻）. The （受伤的）were rescue d and the dead were buried. The （吓坏的）survivors were dug out from under the (废墟) and were offered （避难所）fresh water and electricity. ____________(幸亏) people’s help, the loss was minimized.The Great President伟大的总统As the （创始人）of the republic, the president had many good （品质）. Before coming to p , he was a generous （律师）. He（）selflessly help everyone who（向……求助）him. He accepted no （费用）to offer legal guidance and （意见）to those who were （失业）or un educate d. Later, believing all mankind to be（平等的）, he devote d himself stopping the u anti-black laws. He （建立）the Black Youth League and was v to be the leader. However, though he kept （和平的）principle s without violence and terror, his（卑鄙的）enemies still blewhis house and （袭击）his relative s, and he himself couldn’t （逃脱）be ing sentenced 30 years in prison.Not fearing of the prison guards’ cruelty, he kept （积极的）and beg ged no mercy from them. ______________________________(事实上), he was always h and never（灰心）during the stage even though he was （处于困难中）.Finally, people （回报）him with the leader’s position and a gold blanket.非谓语动词1 —动词不定式非谓语动词: a.动词不定式 b.动名词 c.分词( 现在分词过去分词)概述：1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。

非谓语动词之动词不定式

非谓语动词之动词不定式一.考点点拨考点1.不定式的时态和语态不定式的时态主要有一般时,完成时,进行时和完成进行时He is said to go abroad next week.He is said to have studied abroad a few years ago.He is said to be studying abroadHe is said to have been studying abroad , but I don’t know which country he’s studying.考点2. 不定式的功能不定式可以作主语,宾语,表语,定语,补足语和状语1.不定式作主语,谓语用单数,常用it 作形式主语To say is one thing; to do is another.It is my duty to help others.2.(1)不定式作宾语常有以下动词afford, ask, agree, attempt, aim, bother, choose, decide, desire, demand, expect, fail, hope, learn, long, manage, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, wait, wishHe was agreed to help me with my English(2) 某些动词可以跟两种结构:A: to do sth.B: 动词+宾语+不定式常有以下动词: ask, beg, choose, expect, help, intend, like, love, need, prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish(3) 某些动词可以接两种结构: A: 动词+动名词B: 动词+不定式意义不同.有以下动词: stop, forget, remember, regret, try, go on, mean(4) 不定式作复合宾语的结构: 主语+动词+it+补语+to do3. 不定式作定语(1)不定式作定语,放在修饰的名词或代词的后面,表将来的动作I have lots of homework to do.(2) 与被修饰动词之间有动宾关系时,动词是不及物或所修饰的名词是不定式的地点.工具,需加介词He told me he had no pen to write with.Many people have no room of their own to live in because of the high price.4. 不定式作表语不定式位于系动词的后面,表示一次性,具体的动作Her job at that time was to look after the sick boy.5. 不定式作补语(1) 跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词有: ask, tell, invite, get, advise, allow, want, permit, warn, hate, encourage, prefer, expect, order, wish(2) 有些常用以下结构: 动词+to be+形容词, 有以下动词: think, consider, imagine, prove, understand, find, know, suppose6. 不定式作状语(1) 表目的: only to do, in order to , so as to do, so/such… as to…He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.(2) 表出乎意料的结果: only to do(see, find, be told, too … to…)He searched the room only to find nothing.(3) 表示原因, 常与一些表示情绪的形容词I am glad to see you.(4) 用在以下结构: be+性质形容词+不定式有以下形容词:easy, hard, difficult, interesting, heavy, pleasant, light, good, fit, comfortable, safe, dangerous, impossible 主动表被动The chair is hard to sit on.7. 不定式作插入语如to be honest, to be frank, to tell you the truth, to begin with, to make matters worse考点3: 不定式的省略考点4: 不定式的否定式考点5: 疑问词+动词不定式二. 练习(一)判断下列划线部分在句子中的成分1. To do that implies taking responsibility .2. It has been a pleasure to be able to help you.3. She likes to play with the children.4. We consider it a shame for them to have been so wasteful.5. It had no effect except to make her angry.6. The question of what to use has not been discussed.7. The room was found to be empty.8. The young man was considered to have great promise.9. I’l l leave you to attend the matter.10. He is the teacher to teach us English next term.11. I have nothing to say on this question.12. The duties of a postman are to deliver letters and newspapers.13. The whole family went to beach to spend their weekend.14. We shall be very happy to co-operate with you in the project.15. The house is so high and narrow as to resemble a tower.(二).填上词的正确形式1.The patient was made not (eat) oily food after the operation.2.He is always the first one (get) what she promised..3.She seemed (forget) what she promised4.he looked happy (hear)the news.5.Would you be so kind as (lend)me your bicycle?6.I feel greatly honored (welcome)into their society7.(complete) the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.8.He is said (be)to Tibet twice.9.I am glad (allow) (look) around the satellite station.10.(make) a living, he had to work day and night.11.I have some clothes (wash), so I can’t go out now.12.My question is how (get)so many books.13.I found a way (solve) this problem.(三). 完成句子：1. __________（说）is one thing; _________（做）is quite another.2. _______________________（学好一门外语）is not easy.3. It’s good _________________（帮助别人）when they are in trouble.4. I want _________________（和你说句话）.5. I hope ___________________（不久再见到你）.6. My idea is _____________________________（立刻开始工作）.7. Her wish is _______________（上大学）when she finishes middle school.8. Li Ming asked me _________________（和他去游泳）.9. Did you see him ___________________（上.公共汽车）10. You must be hungry. I’ll get you something _________（吃）.11. Is there anyone _________________（照顾这些孩子）?12. She went to the station _________________（接一位美国朋友）.13.My uncle has come to Beijing ________________________（参加一个重要的会议）.14. Please tell me ____________________（怎样念这个词）.15. I haven’t decided ____________________（买哪一件衬衫）.16. The question is _______________________（走哪一条路）.17. She didn’t know _______________________（说什么）.18. Have you decided _______________________ （去哪里）for your holiday?19. They plan ___________（盖）another cinema here next year.20. Please remember ____________ （关）the window before you leave.21. He ___________________ （逼着我做）all the work again.22. The teacher _________________ （告诉我们要注意）what he was doing.23. She __________________ （不允许孩子们玩）in the street.24. I ________________ （不想让你当）a painter.25. I _______________ （看见他上楼）a moment ago.(四). 选择填空1. We’re looking forward _______ the photo exhibition.(A) to visiting (B) to visit (C) to having visited (D) visiting2. -The light in the office is still on. --Oh, I forgot ______.(A) to turn it off (B) turn it off (C) turning it off (D) having turned it off3. How about the two of us ________ a walk down the garden ?(A) to take (B) take (C) taking (D) to be taking4. Charles Babbage is generally considered _______ the first computer.(A) to invent (B) inventing (C) to have invented (D) having invented5. In those days my family didn’t have enough room__________.(A) to live (B) living in (C) to live in (D) living6. He likes _________ , but he doesn’t like _______ today because it is too cold.(A) to swim; to swim (B) swimming; swimming (C) to swim; swimming (D) swimming; to swim7. Since he doesn’t want to accept your advice. It is no use ________ to him again.(A) in talking (B) talking (C) to talk (D) of talk8. We regret ________ that the movie was not worth_________.(A) to say; to see (B) to say; seeing (C) saying; to see (D) saying; to seeing9. He couldn’t open the window, so he tried ________ it.(A) push (B) to push (C) pushed (D) pushing10. She is often heard _______ English aloud in the morning.(A) to read (B) sang (C) to have sung (D) to be reading11. The teacher doesn’t allow _________ in class.(A) smoke (B) to smoke (C) smoking (D) to have a smoke12. Your hair needs________ . You’d better have it ________ tomorrow.(A) to be cut; do (B) cutting; doing (C) to be cut; done (D) cutting; to be done13. ______ in pencil, the letter was difficult________ out.(A) Being written; in making (B) Written; to make(C) Having written; to make (D) Having been written; making14. He has no choice but ________ to see him.(A) to go (B) go (C) going (D) goes15. There was nothing they could do but _______ for a mechanic to arrive.(五).语法填空A study 1 (published) in September suggests there is a 2 (surprise) way to get people 3 (avoid)unhealthy food: change their memories. Scientist Elizabeth Loftus of the University of California at Irvine asked volunteers 4 (answer) some question s on their personalities and food experiences.“One week late,”Loftus says, “ 5 (feed)the people , we told them to type their answers into our smart computer and it came up with an account of their early childhood experiences.”Some accounts included on key additional detail .. 6 (tell) that they had got sick after 7 (eat)strawberry ice-cream, the researchers then changed this detail into a manufactured memory through 8 (lead) questions—Who were you with ? How did you feel? By the end of the study, up to 41%of those (give) a false memory believed strawberry ice-cream once made them sick, and many said they’d avoid 10 (eat) it.(六写作【写作内容】假如你是某英文报刊的通讯员，请根据下列表格以“”为题，写一篇报道【写作要求】用5个句子介绍所给内容并组成一篇短文。

高中英语非谓语动词用法详解及练习(含答案详解)

非谓语动词之五兆芳芳创作非谓语动词（一）——动词不定式动词不定式、分词(现在分词，过来分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词.现代英语将现在分词和动名词合为一大类叫作v + ing形式.这些动词的形式不克不及在句中单独作谓语用，因而没有语法主语.但可以有逻辑主语.由于没有语法主语，也就不受人称和数的限定，因为不是谓语，也就没有时态和语态，但这些词仍能暗示动作和状态，所以仍有暗示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式.由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓关系，因此也有暗示主、主动的形式，同时也有自己的宾语和状语，一起组成非谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语，分词短语，动名词短语).动词不定式、过来分词及v-ing形式在句中均不克不及作谓语用，所以叫做非谓语动词.（一）动词不定式：动词不定式由“to+ 动词原形”组成，如：to study, to play，动词不定式虽然不克不及作谓语动词用，但仍留着动词的特征，它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而组成动词不定式短语，如：to study hard, to play table tennis.1、动词不定式的形式变更：动词不定式有下列时态和语态的形式变更.2、动词不定式的根本用法：动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用，如：（1）作主语：To help each other is good.（动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，如：It is good to help each other.（2）作表语：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与暗示未来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别，如：Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们的筹划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学.（句中的谓语动词为is，动词不定式to set up… 为表语，主语为plan，但plan其实不是动词不定式的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所暗示的动作不是主语plan产生的.）We are to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学.（句中的are to set up整个结构为句中谓语，主语为we，同时也是动词不定式to set up所暗示的动作的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所暗示的动作是由we产生的）.（3）作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语，如：She wishes to be a musician.；②作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如：I am determined to give up smoking.；③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next?（4）作宾语补足语，如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street.（5）动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it 作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置，如：I don’t think i t right to do it that way.（6）作定语：动词不定式作定语时，须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后，如：Is this the best way to help him? 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式前面就要用需要的介词，如：He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way，不定式前面的介词，习惯上可以省去，如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live.（7）作状语：动词不定式可以作下列的状语：①目的状语：Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 为了强调不定式暗示目的的作用，可在不定式前加in order to或so as to（以便或为了），但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而so as to不克不及位于句首，如：She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 将暗示目的的不定式置于句首，也可强调目的的作用，如：To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. ②结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们故乡的解放.③too + 形容词或副词+ 动词不定式，暗示“足能…”的结果，如：You are old enough to take care of yourself now.3、复合结构不定式：由for + 名词（或代词宾格）+ 动词不定式即组成复合结构的动词不定式.其中for自己无意义.for前面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语，这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语，如：It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest. 当作表语用的形容词暗示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时，就用介词of而不必for引出不定式的逻辑主语，这些形容词一般有good, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite等，如：It is very kind of you to help him every day.4、疑问词+ 动词不定式：疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式组成不定式短语，在句中可作主语、表语或宾语，如：How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.5、动词不定式的否认式：动词不定式的否认式是由not + 动词不定式组成，如：It’s wrong of you not to attend the meeting.6、动词不定式的时态形式所暗示的时间关系：（1）一般式：动词不定式一般式所暗示的动作是和谓语动词所暗示的动作同时产生，但在多数情况下，是在谓语动词所暗示的动作之后产生，如：We decided to plant more trees this spring.（其后），They often watch us play table tennis.（同时）；（2）完成式：动词不定式完成式所暗示的动作产生在谓语动词所暗示的动作之前，如：I am sorry to have kept you waiting.（3）进行式：动词不定式进行式所暗示的动作正在进行中，并且与谓语动词所暗示的动作同时产生，如：She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in.7、动词不定式的主动语态用法：如果动词不定式的逻辑主语为这个不定式所暗示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般就用主动语态形式，如：What is to be done next hasn’t been deci ded yet.非谓语动词（二）——动词-ing形式（二）-ing形式：动词的-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词.-ing形式仍保存有动词的特征，可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而组成-ing短语.1、-ing的形式：-ing有一般式和完成式.及物动词的-ing还有主动语态和主动语态，而不及物动词的-ing则没有主动语态.现在以及物动词make 和不及物动词go为例，将其-ing各类形式列表如下：2、-ing形式的根本用法.（1）作主语：Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见.Talking is easier than doing. –ing作主语时，如果其结构较长，可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的-ing后置.如：It isn’t much good writing to them again. It’s no use waiting here.（2）作表语：Her job is washing and cooking. My hobby is collecting stamps.（3）作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语.She likes drawing very much.；②作某些短语动词的宾语. Mary is thinking of going back to New York.；③do+限定词（my, some, any, the等）+ -ing，暗示“做…事”之意，如：We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. Will you do any shopping on Saturday this afternoon? ④作介词的宾语：Her sister is good at learning physics.；⑤作形容词worth, busy等的宾语：This book is well worth reading. –ing作宾语带有宾语补足语时，要用it作为形式宾语，而将作宾语的-ing后置，如：We found it no good talking like that. Do you think it necessary trying again?（4）作定语：The sleeping child is only five years old. Do you know the man standing at the gate? 注：-ing形式作定语用时，如果-ing只是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是-ing短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后，-ing作定语时，被-ing所修饰的名词就是该-ing的逻辑主语.另外，-ing作定语用时，其动作和句子谓语动词所暗示的动作是同时进行的，如果不是同时进行的，就不克不及用-ing作定语，要使用定语从句，如：The girl who wrote a letter there yesterday can speak English very well.（5）作宾语补足语：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. 注：当-ing在复合宾语中作宾语补足语用时，句中宾语就是这个-ing的逻辑主语，可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等.（6）作状语：①时间状语：Seeing Tom, I couldn’t help thinking of his brother. 分词在句中作时间状语时，其前一般可加when或while，如：When crossing street, you must be careful. ②原因状语：Being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday. ③方法或陪伴状语：Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.3、主动语态-ing完成式的根本用法.主动语态-ing完成式所暗示的动作产生在句中谓语动词所暗示的动作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语用.句中的主语是它的逻辑主语，并且是它所暗示的动作的执行者，如：Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel.4、主动语态-ing一般式的根本用法.主动语态-ing一般式所暗示的动作是一个正在进行中的主动动作，并且这个主动动作也是和句中谓语所暗示的动作同时产生的.它一般在句中作定语或状语用.如：The truck being repaired there is ours.5、主动语态-ing完成式的根本用法.主动语态-ing完成式所暗示的动作产生在谓语动词所暗示的动作之前，在句中一般作状语用.如：Havingbeen shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.6、-ing形式的复合结构.在-ing前加物主代词或名词所有格即组成-ing的复合结构.其中的物主代词或名词所有格为-ing的逻辑主语.这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语，如：Your smoking and drinking too much will do harm to your health. 但在口语中，这种结构如作宾语用，其中的物主代词经常使用人称代词的宾格，名词的所有格经常使用名词的普通格代替，如：She insisted on Peter’s (or Peter)going there first.7、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作主语、表语、宾语时的区别.一般说来，暗示一个比较抽象或泛指的动作时多用-ing形式.暗示一个具体某一次的动作时，多用动词不定式，如：Our job is making steel. She likes playing the piano, but she doesn't want to play it today.8、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作定语的区别.-ing形式作定语用时，其动作一般与句中谓语动词所暗示的动词同时产生，而动词不定式作定语时，其动作一般产生在句中谓语动词所暗示的动作之后.如：The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well./I have three letters to write.9、-ing形式与动词不定式在作宾语补足语时的区别.（1）不定式作宾补时，其动作一般产生在谓语动词所暗示的动作之后，如：I have told them to come again tomorrow.（2）在see, watch, hear, feel等之后，如果用-ing形式作宾补，暗示其动作正在进行中，而用不带to的不定式作宾补时，不定式所暗示的动作是一个动作的进程，如：I hear her singing in the room.我听见她正在屋里唱歌. I hear her sing in the room.我听见她在屋里唱过歌.10、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作状语的区别.-ing形式在句作状语暗示时间、原因、方法或陪伴情况，而动词不定式一般式在句中作状语时，一般是作目的或结果状语，如：Not receiving his letter, I wrote to him again./ I looked into the window to see what was going on inside.非谓语动词（三）——过来分词( 三）过来分词：1、过来分词的根本用法：过来分词只有一种形式，也没有主动语态，它所暗示的动作是一个主动的或是已完成的动作.过来分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、宾语或状语等成分.过来分词在句中作某种成分时，其逻辑主语一般为该分词所暗示的动作的承受者，如：（1）作定语：过来分词作定语时，如果这个分词是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是分词短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后.被过来分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑主语，如：The stolen car was found by the police last week.（2）作表语：过来分词作表语时，暗示其逻辑主语所处的状态，其逻辑主语就是句中的主语，如：The glass is broken.这个玻璃杯是破的. 注：过来分词作表语时，和动词的主动语态结构相似，但两者表达的意义不合，如：The glass was broken by my little brother.这个玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的.作表语用的过来分词在许多词典中已列为形容词，如：crowded, devoted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened, gone, hurt, interested, killed, known, learned, lost, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised, tired, undressed,worried, astonished, broken, completed, covered 等.（3）作宾语补足语：过来分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语就是其逻辑主语，如：When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 注：动词have后的复合宾语中，宾语补足语如为过来分词，常暗示该分词所暗示的动作是由他人来执行的而不是句中主语自己来执行的，如：I had my bike repaired yesterday. 昨天我（找他人）把我的自行车给修了.（4）作状语：过来分词作状语时，相当于一个状语从句，该结构的逻辑主语一般都是主句的主语，是过来分词所暗示意义的逻辑宾语.为了使作状语的过来分词意义加倍明确，常在分词前加when, if, while, though, as等连词，如：Seen from the hill/ When seen from the hill, our town looks beautiful.; Given more time/ If given more time, we could have done it better.（we是该结构的逻辑主语，是give的逻辑宾语.）独立主格：上述-ing和过来分词的用法中，-ing和过来分词在句中均有逻辑主语，但有时它们也能有自己的独立的主语，这种独立的主语，一般为名词或代词，位于其前之前，和-ing或过来分词组成独立主格.独立主格在句中一般只作状语用，而-ing和过来分词作用的形式，则要按照它们所暗示的动作和句中谓语动词所暗示的时间关系而定.至于独立主格中是使用-ing或是过来分词，则要按照它们的主语和其所暗示的动作的主动主动关系而定，如：The bell ringing, we all stopped talking. 注：The work having been finished, she sat down to have a rest. ①独立结构中的being或having been常可省去，如：The meeting (being) over, all left the room. ②作陪伴状语的独立结构常可用with短语来代替，如：She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks./ She read the letter with tears rollingdown her cheeks.2、-ing形式与过来分词的区别：（1）语态不合：-ing形式暗示主动概念，及物动词的过来分词暗示主动概念.an inspiring speech鼓舞人心的演说；the inspired audience受鼓舞的听众.（2）时间关系不合：现在分词所暗示的动作一般是正在进行中的动作，而过来分词所暗示的动作，往往是已经完成的动作，如：The changing world正在产生的世界；the changed world已经起了变更的世界.易错易混点1．疑问词＋动词不定式：疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式组成不定式短语，在句中可作主语、表语或宾语，如：How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.2．动词不定式的否认式：由not ＋动词不定式组成.3．v.-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作主语、表语、宾语时的区别.v．-ing形式：暗示抽象或泛指的动作.不定式：暗示具体某一次的动作.She likes playing the piano, but she doesn't want to play it today.4．v.-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作定语的区别.v．-ing形式：动作与谓语动词所暗示的动作同时产生.不定式：动作产生在谓语动词所暗示的动作之后.eg. The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well.I have three letters to write.5．v.-ing形式与动词不定式在作宾语补足语时的区别.(1)不定式作宾补时，其动作一般产生在谓语动词所暗示的动作之后，如：I have told them to come again tomorrow.(2)在see, watch, hear, feel等之后，如果用v.-ing形式作宾补，暗示其动作正在进行中，而用不带to的不定式作宾补时，不定式所暗示的动作是一个动作的进程，如：I hear her singing in the room. 我听见她正在屋里唱歌.I hear her sing in the room. 我听见她在屋里唱过歌.6．v.-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作状语的区别.v．-ing形式：暗示时间、原因、方法或陪伴情况.不定式：作目的或结果状语.7．v.-ing形式与过来分词的区别：(1)语态不合：v.-ing形式暗示主动概念，及物动词的过来分词暗示主动概念.an inspiring speech鼓舞人心的演说； the inspired audience受鼓舞的听众(2)时间关系不合：现在分词所暗示的动作一般是正在进行中的动作，而过来分词所暗示的动作，往往是已经完成的动作，如：the changing world正在变更的世界 the changed world已经变更了的世界8．独立主格结构：有时v.-ing和过来分词在句中也有自己的独立的主语，这种独立的主语一般为名词或代词，和v.-ing还有过来分词组成独立主格结构.该结构在句中一般只作状语. 独立主格中是使用v.-ing仍是过来分词，则要按照它们的主语和其所暗示的动作的主动或被动关系来定，如：The bell ringing, we all stopped talking.注意：①独立结构中的being或having been常可省去，如：The meeting_(being)_over, all left the room.②作陪伴状语的独立结构常可用with短语来代替，如：She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks.＝ She read the letter with tears rolling down her cheeks.非谓语的解题步调或思路（1）先判断空格部分所需的是主句，从句仍是非谓语动词.独立的句子，从句或非谓语独立的句子加句号，分号或破折号的话，后再加一个独立的句子.独立的句子，（逗号）有and,but, so 等词加独立的句子. （2）再按照主句的主语，来判断主动或主动；（3）接下来再判断时态，（4）如果是否认的话，not一定要放在非谓语的前面（5）一定不要忘记主语一致的原则，如果不一致的话，要把非谓语的独立主语加上.非谓语罕有的位置，或在句子中所担当的成分（1）非谓语动词短语， + 主句或是主句，非谓语动词短语这时的非谓语动词短语起到状语的作用例如： influenced by the growing interest in nature, more people enjoy outdaoor activities.在这种情况下，首先,找出主句的主语，然后以主句的主语为出发点，来判断非谓语动词是主动仍是主动，如果已有的非谓语动词的主语和主句主语不一致，还要考虑独立主格结构，也就是把非谓语动词的自己的主语加上去：例如： All flights having been cancelled , they decided to take the train. 其次,把非谓语动词和主句的动词比较，看是否同时产生仍是有明显的先后.（2）跟在介词，动词或某些形容词的前面固定搭配只接动词-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有：admit 承认 appreciate 感谢 avoid 避免 put off 推迟 keep 保持 consider 考虑 delay/ postpone 耽搁 dislike 嫌恶 resist 抵制 mention 提及 enjoy 喜欢 escape 避免 excuse 原谅 practice 练习 mind介意 fancy想不到 feel like 意欲 finish 完成 risk 冒险 include 包含 forgive 原谅 give up 保持 suggest 建议 miss 逃过 imagine 想象can’t help 情不自禁 involve 需要can’t stand 无法忍受 understand 理解罕有的带介词to的短语：be used to 习惯be related to 与……有关 get down to 着手做 contribute to 奉献put one’s mind to 全神灌输于 give rise to 引起 be equal to 胜任 devote oneself to 献身于lead to 导致 be opposed to 否决 look forward to 盼望 object to 否决stick to 保持 pay attention to 注意（3）介词后一定要加动词的-ing 形式；（4）跟在名词前面做定语时，一般不必having done/ having been done 结构（5）放在句首做主语，一般用动词的ing 和to do …特殊的非谓语短语 Generally speaking 一般来说Considering …. 考虑到，鉴于Time/weather permitting 时间、天气允许的话Taking …into account 考虑到Taking …into consideration 考虑到Provided …假设Providing…假设Suppose…假设Supposing…假设Judging from/ by…按照…判断Given sth 假设，如果；鉴于，考虑到Given that…假设，如果；鉴于，考虑到 including sth (sth included)包含某事非谓语动词根本练习1. He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of apassenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting2. When you’re learning to drive, _______ a good teacher makes a big difference.A. haveB. havingC. and haveD. and having3. I felt it a great honor ______ to speak to you.A. to askB. askingC. to be askedD. having asked4. I would love _______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone5. Before you decide to leave your job, _______ the effect it will have on your family.A. considerB. consideringC. to considerD. considered6. Robert is said _______ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studie d in.A. to have studiedB. to studyC. to be studyingD. to have been studying7. It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _______.A. it what to do withB. what to do it withC. what to do with itD. to do what with it8. Anyone _______ bags, boxes, or whatever, was stopped by the police.A. seen carryB. seen carryingC. saw to carryD. saw carrying9. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _______ some schoolsfor poor children. A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up10. The discovery of new evidence led to _______.A. the thief having caughtB. catch the thiefC. the thief being caughtD. the thief to be caught11. She looks forward every spring to _______ the flower-lined garden.A. visitB. paying a visitC. walk inD. walking in12. To test eggs, _______ them in a bowl of water: if they float they’re bad, if they sink they’re good.A. putB. puttingC. to putD. to be putting13. “Where is David?”“He is upstairs ______ ready to go out.”A. to getB. gettingC. to be gettingD. having got14. “Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day?”“________ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.”A. GetB. GettingC. To getD. to be getting15. He was reading his book, completely _______ to the world.A. lostB. losingC. to loseD. to have lost16. We looked everywhere for the keys, but they are nowhere _______.A. to findB. to have foundC. to be foundD. being found17. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _______.A. not toB. not to doC. not do itD. do not do18. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _______ in the kitchen.A. smokeB. smokingC. to smokeD. smoked19. Finding her car stolen, _______.A. a policeman was asked to helpB. the area was searching thoroughlyC. it was looked for everywhereD. she hurried to a policeman for help20. “How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the cus tomers?”“The key ______ the problem is to meet the demand ______ by the customers.”A. to solving, makingB. to solving, madeC. to solve, makingD. to solve, made21. “What do you think made Mary so upset?”“_______ her new bike.”A. As she lostB. LostC. LosingD. Because of losing22. The research is so designed that once _______ nothing can be done to change it.A. beginsB. having begunC. beginningD. begun23. Though ________ money, his parents managed to send him to university.A. lackedB. lacking ofC. lackingD. lacked in24. Tony was very unhappy for _______ to the party.A. having not been invitedB. not having invitedC. having not invitedD. not having been invited25. Though I have often heard this song _______. I have never heard you _______ it.A. being sung, sangB. sang, singingC. sung, singD. to be sung, to sing非谓语动词提高练习1. The great hall was crowded with many people, __ many children __on their parents’ lapA. including; seatedB. including; seatingC. included; satD. included; sitting2. It’s said that the Olympic Games _____ in Beijing in 2008 will cover more events than any other Olympics did.A. holdingB. to be heldC. heldD. to be holding3. _____ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water.A. Being no rainB. There was no rainC. To be no rainD. There being no rain4. Yesterday a street-beggar bought a lottery ticket purposelessly, _____ hima millionaire overnight.A. makingB. makesC. to makeD. made5. In the face of the big fire in October in California, many people in the fire-stricken areas moved out _____.A. to escape burningB. to escape being burnedC. escaping burnedD. escaping from burning6. Taking this medicine, if _____, will of course do good to his health.A. continuedB. to continueC. continuesD. continuing7. The little boy still needs the _____ 20 dollars to do with some things _____.A. remaining; remained to be settledB. remaining; remaining to be settledC. remained; remained to settleD. remained; remaining to settle8. _____ his age, the little boy read quite well.A. ConsideringB. ConsideredC. ConsiderD. Having considered9. _____ from the appearance, it is very peaceful; but in fact, a war will break out soon.A. JudgedB. JudgingC. Having judgedD. To judge10. —Tom enjoys _____ basketball on Sunday afternoons, doesn’t he? —Yes, he does. But what his sister enjoys _____.A. to play; dancingB. playing; to danceC. to play; to danceD. playing; is to dance11. His letter, _____ to the wrong number, reached me late.A. having been addressedB. to have addressedC. to have been addressedD. being addressed12. The Space Shuttle Columbia broke into pieces over Texas as it returned tothe earth on February 1, 2003,_____ all seven astronauts aboard.A. having killedB. killingC. being killedD. killed13. There are lots of places of interest _____ in our city.A. needs repairingB. needing repairedC. needed repairingD. needing to be repaired14. — What caused the party to be put off? — _____ the invitations.A. Tom delayed sendingB. Tom’s delaying sendingC. Tom delaying to sendD. Tom delayed to send15. I was afraid _____ to my customers because I was afraid _____ them.A. of talking back; to loseB. of talking back; of losingC. to talk back; to loseD. to talk back; of losing16. Standing on the top of the hill, I would not do anything but _____ the flowing of the smog around me.A. enjoyB. enjoyingC. enjoyedD. to enjoy17. — Is Tom a good talker? — No, he never speaks to me other than _____ something?A. ask forB. to ask forC. asked forD. asking for18. I can’t get my car _____ on cold mornings, so I have to try _____ the radiator with some hot water.A. run; to fillB. running; fillingC. running; to fillD. ran; filling19. The drunken husband knocked against the table and sent the bowls _____ in all directions before he was sent _____ by his wife.A. flying; to sleepB. flying; sleepingC. to fly; to sleepingD. to fly; to sleep20. When we got back from the cinema, we found the lamp _____ but the door _____.A. being on; shutB. burning; shuttingC. burning; shutD. on; shutting21. We found the students seated at tables and had their eyes _____ on the scene of the launch of Shenzhou V spaceship.A. fixedB. fixC. fixingD. to fix22. A doctor can expect _____ at any hour of the day or night.A. callingB. to callC. being calledD. to be called23. The boy often gives a satisfactory answer to the teacher’s question, _____ just a minute. So he’s usually the teacher’s pet.A. thoughtB. having thoughtC. and to thinkD. thinking24. The policeman came up to the lonely house with the door ____, ____ there for a while and then entered it.A. open; to standB. opening; stoodC. open; stoodD. opened; standing25. _____ along the quiet road at forty miles an hour, and then an old man suddenly started to cross the road in front of me.A. DrivingB. I was drivingC. Having drivenD. When I was driving26. Mr. Smith was much surprised to find the watch he had had _____ was nowhere to be seen.A. repairingB. it repairedC. repairedD. to be repaired27. What did the librarian _____ out of the library?A. permit to takeB. forbid to be takenC. allow to takeD. insist being taken28. — Mum, why do you give me so much popcorn? — _____ the boring time.A. KillB. KillingC. To killD. Having killed29. What Yang Liwei wanted to do when he got out of the spaceship was __ the joy with all the Chinese.A. shareB. sharedC. having sharedD. about to share30. When she was alone at home, Mary needed a friend _____.A. playing withB. having played withC. with whom to play withD. with whom to play31. _____ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _____ out of life.A. Seeing; frightenedB. Seeing; frighteningC. Seen; frightenedD. To see; frightening32. The competitor never dreamed of _____ for him to win the first prize in the 100-meter race.A. there was a chanceB. there being a chanceC. it being a chanceD. it was a chance33. _____ everything to go wrong in advance, and you won’t feel quite so bad when it does.A. Having expectedB. ExpectC. To expectD. Expecting34. — You _____ part in the party on time. — Sorry, I was delayed by the accident.A. are to takeB. have supposed to takeC. were to have takenD. supposed to take 35. _____ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain doesn’t seem high at all.A. When comparedB. To compareC. While comparingD. It compared36. _____ in her best suit, the girl tried to make herself _____ at the party.A. Dressed; noticedB. Dressing; noticingC. Dressed; noticingD. Dressing; noticed37. The matter _____ your study surely requires _____ carefully.A. relating to; dealing withB. related to; dealt withC. related to; being dealt withD. relating to; having dealt with38. _____ made her parents worried a lot.A. Her not to come backB. Not her to come backC. Her not coming backD. Not her coming back39. Everything _____ into consideration, they believed themselves more and returned to their positions.A. to takeB. takenC. to be takenD. taking40. He moved away from his parents and missed them _____ enjoy the exciting life in New York.A. much so as toB. very much toC. too much toD. enough to41. — What do you think of the plan? —It’s easier said than _____.A. carried outB. carrying outC. carry outD. to carry out42. Many businessmen attended the Boao Forum (博鳌论坛)because they knew what _____ from the forum.A. to getB. to be gotC. gotD. getting43. There was a famous person at the party whom everyone would like _____to themselves. A. to introduce B. to be introduced C. introducingD. being introduced44. — Were you at home last Sunday? — Yeah! I devoted the whole day to _____ the English grammar.A. reviewB. reviewingC. be reviewedD. being reviewed45. Once _____ at the shop, you will be dismissed immediately.A. caught stealingB. caught to stealC. catching stealingD. to catch to steal46. Prices of daily goods _____ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A. are boughtB. boughtC. been boughtD. buying47. _____, John returned to school from his hometown.A. The summer vacation being overB. The summer vacation is overC. Because the summer vacation overD. After the summer vacation being over48. _____ she can’t come, who will do the work?A. SupposedB. SupposingC. Having supposedD. Being supposed。

非谓语动词动词不定式教案

龙文教育教师1对1个性化教案学生姓名王私卉教师姓名万智华授课日期年月日授课时段课题非谓语动词之三——动词不定式教学目标动词不定式教学步骤及教学内容教学过程：一、教学衔接（课前环节）1、上节课练习讲解2、捕捉学生的思想动态和了解学生学习内容二、教学内容一、不定式的作用1、作主语2、作定语3、作表语4、作宾语5、作宾语补足语6、独立结构二、不定式的时态与语态1、时态：现在时、完成时、进行时、完成进行时2、语态三、省掉to的不定式九种不同的情况不定式的否定形式三、知识总结知识、方法·技能四、知识的延伸和拓展（变式训练）五、布置作业教导处签字：日期：年月日六、目标完成情况0~30% 〇 31%~50% 〇 51%~75% 〇76%~80% 〇 81%~90% 〇 91%~100% 〇教学过程中学生易错点归类作业布置学习过程评价学生对于本次课的评价O 特别满意 O 满意 O 一般 O 差教师评定学生上次作业评价O好 O较好 O 一般 O差学生本次上课情况评价O 好 O 较好 O 一般 O 差家长意见家长签名：非谓语动词之三——动词不定式一、不定式的作用1、作主语不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。

往往用it 作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。

如：It took us two hours to finish the job.It is impossible for us to get there on time.It is very kind of you to help us.注意：（1）其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。

（2）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is …to…的句型。

试比较：It is to negate my own idea to believe him.To believe him is to negate my own idea .（3）It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时，用of, 否则用 for.2、作宾语（1）动词+不定式。

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非谓语动词的类型：不定式（infinitive）、动名词(gerund)、分词(participle)一、Infinitive: 不定式（一）Structure 结构：to doNegative 否定：not to doPassive voice 被动：to be done（二）在句中作的成分：6个——主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语1. 作主语Subject不定式作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语。

It is adj. (for /of sb) to do sth.It is a pleasure/ an honor/ a pity to doIt takes/ took/ will take (sb) time to do2.表语PredicativeTo see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

3.宾语object下面动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下列小诗：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。

主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。

decide / determine, learn, want, expect / hope / wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask / beg, help此外，afford, strive（斗争）等也要用不定式作宾语注意：think / consider/ find/ make/ feel + it (形式宾语) + adj. + to do 4.宾补Complementadvise, allow, ask, require, tell, order, want, persuade,beg, cause, encourage, expect, wish, forbid, permit, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, prefer, teach, warn, 等+ sb to do注意：当遇到下列动词时，不定式省略to：吾看三室两厅一感觉：五看（watch、see、look at、notice、observe）, 三使（let、make、have）,两听（listen to、hear）,一感觉（feel）以上动词(除了let、make)还可用现在分词作宾语补足语，此外find, catch, keep, 也可以用现在分词作宾语补足语。

特别提示：在被动语态中省略的to要补上。

5.定语attributive例：The topics (discuss) at tomorrow’s meeting is concerned about the Olympics 2008.注意：如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，则不定式中要有介词。

例：There is nothing to worry .He is looking for a room to live .It’s a very good school to study .Please give me a knife to cut .Here is some paper for you to write .特别提示：不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place 或way时，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。

如：He had no money and no place to live (in).6.状语adverbial（1）表目的in order to、so as to（2）表原因（3）表结果练习：late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.A.To sleepB. SleepingC. SleepD. Having slept完成句子1935年，他离开家再也没回来。

In 1935 he left home never .（三）时态与语态主动语态被动语态一般式to do to be done进行式to be doing ————完成式to have done to have been done 完成进行式to have been doing ————1. 一般式表示与谓语的动作同时发生或在之后发生。

They pretended not to see us.2.进行式表示在谓语动词发生的同时，不定式的动作也正在进行He pretended to be sleeping.3.完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前She pretended to have known it before.巩固练习：The boy pretended when his mother entered.A.readingB. to readC. to be readingD. being readDo let your mother know all the truth. She appears everything.A. to tellB. to be toldC. to be tellingD. to have been told Charles Babbage is generally considered the first computer.A.to inventB. inventingC. to have inventedD. having invented The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth for him without delay.A.to have wovenB. to be wovenC. to be weavingD. to weave （编织，纺织）（四）不定式与疑问词连用：Who / which/ when/ what/ whom/ whether/ how + 不定式, 在句中起名词作用，可作主语、表语、宾语等。

例：我不知道是否接受邀请。

I don’t know .如何解决这个问题很重要。

the problem is very important.我的问题是什么时候开始。

My question is .注意1. 区分to do、to do it (用what、how 填空)2.tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out + (1)how, what, whether, where, when, who 等+ to do。

(2)why + 不带to 的不定式。

如：Can you tell me why do it?（五）关于省略1.不定式中的动词上文已出现过，下文要省略该动词。

expect, hope, wish, mean, prefer, care, forget, want, try；或出现在be glad / happy, would like / love 等的后面例：Would you like to go with me? Yes, .A.I’d like toB. I’d like to go2.不定式是to be结构，be不可省。

例：Would you like to be a teacher? Yes, .A: I’d like to B. I’d like to be巩固练习：——Did you get a job?——No, I , but it’s no use.A.expectedB. tried toC. managed toD. plannedThe boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him .A.not toB. not to doC. not do itD. do not to3.不定式用在介词but、except、besides后时，如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么介词后的不定式不带to，相反则带to。

例：She could do nothing but .(cry)I have no choice but . (go)What would you like to do besides . (sleep)Exercise 练习：1. My teacher was made (give up) his teaching because of poor health.2. The sentence wants/ needs (explain) once more.3. We find it impossible for the work (finish) ahead of time.4. The patient was warned (not eat) oily food after the operation.5. I meant (tell) you about it, but I forgot (do) so.答案：——I usually go there by train.——Why not by boat for a change?A.to try goingB. trying to goC. to try and goD. try goingRather than on a crowded bus, he always prefers a bicycle.A.ride, rideB. riding, rideC. ride, to rideD. to ride, ridingWhile shopping, people sometimes can’t help into buying something they don’t really need.A.to purseB. persudaingC. being persuadedD. be persuadedShe can’t help the house because she’s busy making a cake.A.to cleanB. cleaningC. cleanedD. being cleanedRobert is said abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.A.to have studiedB. to studyC. to be studyingD. to have been studyingThe purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, it more difficult.A. not makeB. not to makeC. not makingD. don’t makeHaving a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains whether they will enjoy it.A.to seeB. to be seenC. seeingD. seeThe mother didn’t know to blame for the broken glass as ithappened.A.whoB. whenC. howD. whyPaul doesn’t have to be made .A.learnB. to learnC. learnedD. learning——The light in the office is still on.——Oh, I forgot .A.turning it offB. turn it offC. to turn it offD. having turned it offI would love to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A.to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having goneI’ve worked with children before, so I know what in my new job.A.expectedB. to expectC. to be expectingD. expectsLittle Jim should love to the theatre this evening.A.to be takenB. to takeC. being takenD. takingThe teacher asked us so much noise.A.don’t makeB. not makeC. not makingD. not to makeI found the German language hard .A. learnedB. learningC. to be learnedD. to learnI would rather starve to death than for food.A. begB. beggingC. beggedD. to beg。