宏观经济学试卷及答案(DOC)
宏观经济学试卷(附有答案)
«宏观经济学»期末考试试卷 A 卷姓名：学号：成绩：一、名词解释（每题4分，共20分）1、凯恩斯流动性陷阱2、菲利普斯曲线3、货币政策4、挤出效应5、名义GDP二、单项选择题（每题1分，共20分）1、在四部门经济中，GDP是指（）的总和。
A.消费、净投资、政府购买和净出口B.消费、总投资、政府购买和净出口C.消费、总投资、政府购买和总出口D.消费、净投资、政府购买和总出口2、关于投资与利率的关系，以下判断正确的是（）。
A.投资是利率的增函数B.投资是利率的减函数C.投资与利率是非相关关系D.以上判断都不正确3、IS曲线与LM曲线相交时表示（）。
A.产品市场处于均衡状态，而货币市场处于非均衡状态B.产品市场处于非均衡状态，而货币市场处于均衡状态C.产品市场与货币市场都处于均衡状态D.产品市场与货币市场都处于非均衡状态4、抑制需求拉上的通货膨胀，应该（）。
A.降低工资B.减税C.控制货币供给量D解除托拉斯组织5、在其他条件不变的情况下，政府购买增加会使IS曲线（）。
A.向左移动B.向右移动C.保持不变D.发生转动6、一国贸易盈余表示该国（）。
A.消费超过产出并且净出口盈余B.消费超过产出并且净出口赤字C.消费低于产出并且净出口盈余D.消费低于产出并且净出口赤字7、在两部门经济模型中，如果边际消费倾向值为0.8，那么自发支出乘数值应该是（）。
A.4B.2.5C.5D.1.68、如果中央银行采取扩张性的货币政策，可以（）。
A.在公开市场买入债券，以减少商业银行的准备金，促使利率上升B.在公开市场卖出债券，以增加商业银行的准备金，促使利率下跌C.在公开市场买入债券，以增加商业银行的准备金，促使利率下跌D.在公开市场卖出债券，以减少商业银行的准备金，促使利率上升9、已知，C=3000亿元，I=800亿元，G=960亿元，X=200亿元，M=160亿元，折旧=400亿元，则（）不正确。
A.净出口=40亿元B.NDP=4400亿元C. GDP=3800亿元D.GDP=4800亿元10、按百分比计算，如果名义GDP上升（）价格上升的幅度，则实际GDP将（）。
宏观经济学试卷试题题库及答案
宏观经济学试卷试题题库及答案《宏观经济学》试题一一、单项选择题1、宏观经济学的中心理论是（）A、价格决定理论；B、工资决定理论；C、国民收入决定理论；D、汇率决定理论。
2、表示一国在一定时期内生产的所有最终产品和劳务的市场价值的总量指标是（）A、国民生产总值；B、国内生产总值；C、名义国民生产总值；D、实际国民生产总值。
3、GNP核算中的劳务包括（）A、工人劳动；B、农民劳动；C、工程师劳动；D、保险业服务。
4、实际GDP等于（）A、价格水平除以名义GDP；B、名义GDP除以价格水平；C、名义GDP乘以价格水平；D、价格水平乘以潜在GDP。
5、从国民生产总值减下列项目成为国民生产净值（）A、折旧；B、原材料支出；C、直接税；D、间接税。
6、从国民生产净值减下列项目在为国民收入（）A、折旧；B、原材料支出；C、直接税；D、间接税。
二、判断题1、百姓生产总值中的最终产品是指有形的物质产品。
（）2、今年建成并出售的房屋和去年建成而在今年出售的房屋都应计入今年的国民生产总值。
（）3、同样的打扮，在生产中作为工作服就是中间产品，而在日常糊口中穿就是最终产品。
（）4、百姓生产总值一定大于国内生产总值。
（）5、居民购房支出属于个人消费支出。
（）6、从理论上讲，按支出法、收入法和部门法所计算出的国民生产总值是一致的。
（）7、所谓净出口是指出口减进口。
（）8、在三部门经济中如果用支出法来计算，GNP等于消费＋投资＋税收。
（）三、简答题1、比较实际国民生产总值与名义国民生产总值。
2、比较百姓生产总值与人均百姓生产总值。
3、为什么住房建筑支出作为投资支出的一部分？4、假定A为B提供服务应得报酬400美元，B为A提供服务应得报酬300美元，AB商定相互抵消300美元，结果A只收B100美元。
应如何计入GNP？（一）答案一、C、A、D、B、A、D；二、错、错、对、错、错、对、对、错；三、1、实际国民生产总值与名义国民生产总值的区别在于计算时所用的价格不同。
宏观经济学期末考试试卷3(附答案).doc
一、选择题（本题包含30小题，每题？分，共？分）1. Real GDPa. evaluates current production at current prices.b ・ evaluates current production at the prices that prevailed in some specific year inthe past ・c. is not a valid measure of the economy's performance, since prices change fromyear to year ・d. is a measure of the value of goods only, hence, it excludes the value of services ・2. The steps involved in calculating the consumer price index include, in order:a. choose a base year, fix the basket, compute the inflation rate, compute the basket'scost, and compute the index ・b ・ choose a base year, find the prices, fix the basket, compute the basket's cost, andcompute the index ・c. fix the basket, find the prices, compute the basket's cost, choose a base year andcompute the index ・d. fix the basket, find the prices, compute the inflation rate, choose a base year andcompute the index ・3. Suppose the price of a quart of milk rises from $1 to $1.25 and the price of a T-shirt risesfrom $8 to $ 10. If the CPI rises from 150 to 175 people will likely buya. more milk and more T-shirts ・b ・ more milk and fewer T-shirts ・c. less milk and more T-shirts ・d. less milk and fewer T-shirts.4・ Which of the following is correct?a. Countries with the highest growth rates over the last 100 years are the ones thathad the highest level of real GDP 100 years ago.b ・ Most countries have had little fluctuation around their average growth rates duringthe past 100 years ・分） ［请单击此处编辑题目］（每小题 分，共c.The ranking of countries by income changes substantially over time.d.Over the last 100 years, Japan had the highest real GDP growth rate, and now has the highest real GDPper person.5• Using the production function and notation in the text, K/L measuresa.natural resources per worker・b・ human capital per worker.c.output per worker・d.physical capital per worker.6・ Index fundsa.typically have about the same rate of return as more actively managed funds.b.typically have lower rates of return than more actively managed funds.c.contain the stocks and bonds from a single Standard Index Classification of industry・d.typically have higher rates of return than more actively managed funds.7- In a closed economy, national saving equalsa.investment.b.income minus the sum of consumption and govemment expenditures.c.private saving plus public saving・d.All of the above are correct・8・ At which interest rate is the present value of $162.24 two years from today equal to $150 today?a. 4 percentb・ 5 percentc. 6 percentd・ None of the above are correct to the nearest penny.9・ Which of the following is incorrect?a.Frictional unemployment is inevitable in a dynamic economy.b.Although the unemployment created by sectoral shifts is unfortunate, in the long run such changes leadto higher productiv让y and higher living standards-c.At least 10 percent of U.S. manufacturing jobs are destroyed every year.d.In a typical month more than 5 percent of workers leave their jobs.10. Use the balance sheet for the following question.Last Bank of Cedar BendAssets LiabilitiesReserves $25,000 Deposits $150,000Loans $125,000If the reserve requirement is 10 percent, this banka. is in a position to make a new loan of $15,000・b・ has less reserves than required・c.has excess reserves of less than $15,000.d.None of the above are correct.11 • Which of the following lists ranks the Fed's monetary policy tools from most to leastfrequently used?a.discount rate changes, reserve requirement changes, open market transactionsb.:reserve requirement changes, open market transactions, discount rate changesc.open market transactions, discount rate changes, reserve requirement changesd.None of the above lists ranks the tools correctly.12. A decrease in the money supply creates an excessa. supply of money that is eliminated by rising prices・b・ supply of money that is eliminated by falling prices.c.demand for money that is eliminated by rising prices.d.demand for money that is eliminated by falling prices・13- Given a nominal interest rate of 6 percent, in which case would you earn the lowest after-tax real rate of interest?a. Inflation is 4 percent; the taxrate i s 25 percent.b・ Inflation is 3 percent; the taxrateis 20 percent.c.Inflation is 2 percent; the taxrateis 15 percent.d.Tlie after-tax real interest rate is the same for all of the above.14- In recent years, U.S. net capital outflow wasa. positive and net exports were negative・b・ positive and net exports were positive・c.negative and net exports were negative.d.negative and net exports were positive・15.If a country has business opportun让ies that are relatively attractive to other countries, we would expect it tohavea. both positive net exports and positive net capital outflow・b・ both negative net exports and negative net capital outflow・c.positive net exports and negative net capital outflow.d.negative net exports and pos让ive net capital outflow・16.On behalf of your firm, you make frequent trips to Hong Kong. You notice that you always have to pay moredollars to get enough local currency to get your hair styled than you have to pay to get your hair styled in the United States. This isa. inconsistent with purchasing-power parity, but might be explained by limited opportunities for arbitragein hairstyling across international borders・b・ consistent w让h purchasing-power parity if prices in Hong Kong are rising more rapidly than prices in the United States.c. consistent w让h purchasing-power parity if prices in Hong Kong are rising less rapidly than prices in theUnited States.d・ None of the above is correct.17- Ceteris paribus, if the Canadian real interest rate were to increase, Canadian net capital outflowa. and net cap让al outflow of other countries would rise.b・ and net capital outflow of other countries would fall.c.would rise, while net capital outflow of other countries would fall.d.would fall, while net capital outflow of other countries would rise・18・ If a government increases its budget deficit, then the real exchange ratea. and domestic investment rise.b・ and domestic investment fall.c.rises and domestic investment falls.d.falls and domestic investment rises.19.Which of the following is the correct way to show the effects of a new import quota?a. shift the demand for loanable funds right, the supply of dollars for foreign exchange right, and thedemand for dollars leftb・ shift the demand for loanable funds right, and the supply of dollars for foreign exchange leftc.shift the demand for dollars for foreign exchange leftd.None of the above is correct.20. A large and sudden movement of funds out of a country is calleda. arbitrage・b・ capital flight.c.crowding out.d.capital mobility・21• Aggregate demand shifts right when the governmenta.raises personal income taxes・b.increases the money supply.c.repeals an investment tax cred让.d.All of the above are correct.22• If people want to save more for retirementa.or if the government raises taxes, aggregate demand shifts right.b.or if the government raises taxes, aggregate demand shifts left.c.aggregate demand shifts right If the government raises taxes, aggregate demandshifts left・d.aggregate demand shifts left. If the governnient raises taxes, aggregate demandshifts right.23• n the mid-1970s the price of oil rose dramatically. Thisa. shifted aggregate supply left.b・ caused U.S. prices to fall.c.was the consequence of OPEC increasing oil production.d.All of the above are correct.24- Liquidity refers toa. the relation between the price and interest rate of an asset.b・ the risk of an asset relative to its selling price.c.the ease w让h which an asset is converted into a medium of exchange・d.the sensitivity of investment spending to changes in the interest rate.25• When the interest rate incr eases, the opportunity cost of holding moneya.increases’ so the quantity of money demanded increases・b.increases, so the quantity of money demanded decreases・c.decreases, so the quantity of money demanded increases・d.decreases, so the quantity of money demanded decreases.26.Which of the following properly describes the interest rate effect?a. As the money supply increases, the interest rate falls, so spending rises.b・ As the money supply increases, the interest rate rises, so spending falls.c.As the price level increases, the interest rate falls, so spending rises・d.As the price level increases, the interest rate rises, so spending falls・27.An increase in government spending initially and primarily shiftsa. aggregate demand rightb・ aggregate demand leftc.aggregate supply right.d.neither aggregate demand nor aggregate supply.28 • The reduction in demand that results when a fiscal expansion raises the interest rate is called thea.multiplier effect.b.crowding-out effect.c.accelerator effect.d.Riccardian equivalence effect.29.One determinant of the natural rate of unemployment is thea. rate of growth of the money supply.b・ minimum wage rate.c.expected inflation rate.d.All of the above are correct・30.An increase in the expected rate of inflation shiftsa. only the short-run Phillips curve right.b・ only the short-run Phillips curve leftc.both the short-run and long-run Phillips curves to the right.d.both the short-run and long-run Phillips curves to the left.二、判断题（本题包含20小题，每题？分，共？分）31.If nominal GDP is 10,000 and real GDP is 8,000 the GDP deflator is 125.32.International data on the history of real GDP growth rates shows that the rich countries33 • One of the reasons that African countries may have grown slower than other countries is thatmany have high barriers to trade.34. When the U.S. government is in debt, it follows that they have a deficit・35 • The future value of $1 saved today is $1/(1 + r)・36.The market for insurance is one example of reducing risk by using diversification・37.Someone who is without work but is not looking for work would be counted asunemployed by the BLS・38.Union workers earn about 10 percent to 20 percent more than similar workers who donot belong to unions.39.Because of the multiple tools at its disposal, the Fed is precise in its control of the moneysuppl y.40.Inflation distorts savings because people pay taxes on their noininal rather than their realinterest income.41.In an open economy, U・S・ national savings can be less than U・S・ investment42.If the real interest rate were above the equilibrium rate, there would be a shortage ofloanable funds・43 • Although trade policies do not affect a country's overall trade balance, they do affect specificfirms and industries.44. When output rises, unemployment falls.45 • The explanations for the slopes of the aggreg ate demand and aggregate supply curves are the same as the explanations for the slope of demand and supply curves for specific goods andservices・46. A decrease in the price level makes consumers feel wealthier, so they purchase more. This logic helps explainwhy the aggregate demand curve slopes downward・47.In liquidity preference theory, an increase in the interest rate decreases the quantity of money demanded, butdoes not shift the money demand curve.48.In principle the government could increase the money supply or government expenditures to try to offset theeffects of a wave of pessimism about the future of the economy.49.In the long run, the natural rate of unemployment depends primarily on the growth rate of the money supply.50. A policy change that reduced the natural rate of unemployment would shift both the long-runaggregate-supply curve and the long-run Phillips curve left.三、名词解释（本题包含5小题，每题？分，共？分）51- human capital:52.exports:53.trade policy:54• aggregate-demand curve:55• crowding-out effect:四、简答题（本题包含8小题，每题？分，共？分）56.Why is productivity related to the standard of living? In your answer be sure to explain what productivityand standard of living mean・ Make a list of things tliat determine labor productivity.57.Draw and label a graph showing equilibrium in the market for loanable funds・58.Founders of the Federal Reserve were concerned that the Fed might form policy favorable to one part of thecountiy or to a particular party. What are some ways that the organization of the Fed reflects such concerns?59.Suppose that monetary neutrality holds. Of the following variables, which ones do not change when themoney supply increases?a. real interest ratesb・ inflationc.the price leveld.real outpute.real wagesf.nominal wages60.The long-run trend in real GDP is upward. How is this possible given business cycles?What explains the upward trend?61.Discuss what economists believe is different about the long and short run.62.Suppose that consumers become pessimistic about the future health of the economy, andso cut back on their consumption spending. What will happen to aggregate demandand to output? What might the president and Congress have to do to keep output stable?63 • Why and in what way are fiscal policy lags different from monetary policy lags?参考答案I・b2.c3.d4・c5・d 6・d7.d&a 9・d lO.c llx 12.d 13.a 14.c 15.b 16.a 17.d 18.c 19.d 2O.b 21・b 22・b 23.a 24.c 25.b 26.d 27,a 2&b 29.b 3O.a3l.T 32. F 33.T 34.F 35.F 36.T 37.F 38.T 39.F 40.T 4l.T 42.F 43.T 44.T 45.F 46.T 47.T 48.T 49.F 50.F51.the knowledge and skills that workers acquire through education, training, and experience.52.goods and services that are produced domestically and sold abroad・53.a government policy that directly influences the quantity of goods and services that a country imports or exports・54.a curve that shows the quantity of goods and services that households, firms, and the government want to buy at each price level.55.the offset in aggregate demand that results when expansionary fiscal policy raises the interest rate and thereby reduces investment spending・56.The standard of living is a measure of how well people live. Income per person is animportant dimension of the standard of living and is positively correlated w让h other tilings such as nutrition and life expectancy that make people better off. Productiv让y measures how much people can produce in an hour. As productivity increases, people can produce more (and use less to produce the same amount) and so their standard of living increases・The factors that determine labor productivity include the amounts of physical capital (equipment and structures), human capital (knowledge and skills), and natural resources available to workers, as well as the state of technological knowledge insociet y.57.Market for Loanable FundsMarket for Loanble Funds58. 1. The president appoints the Board of Governors, but the Senate must approve them.2.The seven members of the Board of Governors serve 14-year terms, so 让isunlikely that a single president will have appointed most of them.3.The Federal Reserve has 12 regional banks.4.The presidents of the regional banks serve on the FOMC on a rotating basis.59. a. real interest ratesd. real outputd・ real wages60.There are occasional short-lived periods of negative real GDP growth・ However, in most years real GDP increases・ The years of increase are more frequent and the increases large enougli that over long periods of time real GDP increases despite the occasional declines. The long-run upward trend in real GDP is due to increases in the labor force and capital stock, and advances in technological knowledge・61.Most economists believe that in the long run, real variables are not affected by nominal variables. So, forexample, changes in the money supply do not change real variables in the long run・ However, most economists believe that nominal variables to do change real variables in the short run.62.As consumers become pessimistic about the future of the economy, they cut their expenditures so thataggregate demand shifts left and output falls. Tlie president and Congress could adjust fiscal policy to increase aggregate demand・ They could e让her increase government spending, or cut taxes, or both・63.The fiscal policy lags are mostly a matter of waiting to implement the policy・ By the time the president andCongress can agree to and pass legislation changing expend让UTCS or taxes, the recession may have ended・ The Federal Reserve can act to change the money supply quickly, but 让may take some time before the effects of an increase in the money supply work their way through the economy-。
宏观经济学A期末考试试题及答案
宏观经济学A期末考试试题及答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 宏观经济学主要研究的是（）。
A. 个别经济单位的经济行为B. 总体经济现象C. 政府的经济行为D. 企业的生产行为答案：B2. 总需求曲线向下倾斜的主要原因是（）。
A. 价格水平上升B. 价格水平下降C. 收入效应D. 替代效应答案：C3. 货币政策的实施机构是（）。
A. 财政部B. 国家统计局C. 中央银行D. 证监会答案：C4. 经济衰退时，政府应该采取的财政政策是（）。
A. 增加税收B. 减少支出C. 减少税收D. 增加支出5. 货币供应量增加，利率下降，这表明（）。
A. 货币需求减少B. 货币需求增加C. 货币供给增加D. 货币供给减少答案：C6. 通货膨胀率上升，货币的实际购买力会（）。
A. 增加B. 减少C. 不变D. 不确定答案：B7. 经济中存在失业，政府应该采取的措施是（）。
A. 减少公共支出B. 增加公共支出C. 增加税收D. 减少税收答案：B8. 经济增长通常与以下哪个因素有关（）。
A. 资本积累B. 人口增长C. 技术进步D. 所有以上答案：D9. 长期总供给曲线是（）。
B. 向上倾斜的C. 向下倾斜的D. 向右倾斜的答案：A10. 经济周期中，经济从衰退到复苏的阶段被称为（）。
A. 复苏期B. 繁荣期C. 衰退期D. 萧条期答案：A二、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. 简述凯恩斯主义经济学的主要观点。
答案：凯恩斯主义经济学认为，在短期内，总需求的变化是影响经济波动的主要因素。
政府可以通过财政政策和货币政策来调节总需求，从而实现充分就业和稳定物价。
2. 解释什么是菲利普斯曲线，并说明其在现代宏观经济学中的意义。
答案：菲利普斯曲线描述了失业率与通货膨胀率之间的负相关关系。
在短期内，较低的失业率往往伴随着较高的通货膨胀率。
然而，在长期内，这种关系可能并不稳定，因为通货膨胀预期会改变人们的行为。
3. 描述货币政策的三大工具，并简要说明它们是如何影响经济的。
宏观经济学期末考试试卷与答案
宏观经济学期末考试试卷及答案一、名词解释题（本题型共 5 题。
每题 3 分，共15 分）1．国内生产总值2．平衡预算乘数3．流动性偏好4．基础货币5．充分就业1．国内生产总值：一个国家或地区在一定时期内运用生产要素所生产的全部最终产品（物品和劳务）的市场价值。
2．平衡预算乘数：政府的收入和支出同时且以同数量变动时国民收入的变动与政府收入支出变动的比率。
3．流动性偏好：即对货币的需求，由于货币具有使用上的灵活性，人们宁可牺牲利息收入而储存不生息货币来保持财富的心理倾向。
4．基础货币：商业银行的准备金总额（法定的和超额的）加上非银行部门持有的通货是存款扩张的基础，被称为基础货币。
5．充分就业：在广泛的意义上指一切生产要素（包含劳动）都有机会以自己意愿的报酬参加生产的状态。
二、单项选择题（本题型共30 题。
每题正确答案只有一个。
每题 1 分，共30 分）1．下列哪一项将不计．入．．当年的GDP？（）A ．当年整修过的古董汽车所增加的价值；B．一辆新汽车的价值；C．一辆二手汽车按其销售价格计算的价值；D．一台磨损的高尔夫球清洁机器的替换品。
1． C ；2．在以支出法计算国内生产总值时，不属于．．．投资的是（）。
A ．某企业增加一笔存货；B．某企业建造一座厂房；C．某企业购买一台计算机；D．某企业购买政府债券。
2． D ；3．用收入法计算GDP 时，不能计入GDP 的是（）A ．政府给公务员支付的工资；B．居民购买自行车的支出；C．农民卖粮的收入；D．自有住房的租金。
3． B ；4．当实际GDP 为1500 亿美元，GDP 缩减指数为120 时，名义国民收入为：（）A ．1100 亿美元；B．1500 亿美元；C．1700 亿美元；D．1800 亿美元。
4．D；5．一个家庭当其收入为零时，消费支出为2000 元；而当其收入为6000 元时，其消费为6000 元，在图形上，消费和收入之间成一条直线，则其边际消费倾向为（）。
宏观经济学期末试卷及答案
《宏观经济学》试卷一、单项选择题:（以下各题的备选答案中，只有一项是正确的。
将正确的序号填在括号内.)1、在一般情况下，国民收入核算体系中数值最小的是：A、国内生产净值B、个人收入C、个人可支配收入D、国民收入E、国内生产总值2、下列哪一项应计入GDP中:A、面包厂购买的面粉B、购买40股股票C、家庭主妇购买的面粉D、购买政府债券E、以上各项都不应计入。
3、计入GDP的有:A、家庭主妇的家务劳动折算合成的收入B、拍卖毕加索作品的收入C、出神股票的收入D、晚上为邻居照看儿童的收入E、从政府那里获得的困难补助收入4、在下列各项中，属于经济中的注入因素是A、投资；B、储蓄；C、净税收；D、进口。
5、政府支出乘数A、等于投资乘数B、比投资乘数小1C、等于投资乘数的相反数D、等于转移支付乘数E、以是说法都不正确6、在以下情况中，投资乘数最大的是A、边际消费倾向为0.7;B、边际储蓄倾向为0。
2；C、边际储蓄倾向为0。
4；D、边际储蓄倾向为0。
3。
7、国民消费函数为C=80+0。
8Y，如果消费增加100亿元,国民收入A、增加100亿元;B、减少100亿元；C、增加500亿元；D、减少500亿元。
8、如果政府支出增加A、对IS曲线无响应B、IS曲线向右移动C、IS曲线向左移动D、以上说法都不正确9、政府税收的增加将A、对IS曲线无响应B、IS曲线向右移动C、IS曲线向左移动D、以上说法都不正确10、位于IS曲线左下方的收入与利率的组合，都是A、投资大于储蓄;B、投资小于储蓄；C、投资等于储蓄；D、无法确定。
11、当经济中未达到充分就业时，如果LM曲线不变，政府支出增加会导致A、收入增加、利率上升;B、收入增加、利率下降；C、收入减少、利率上升；D、收入减少、利率下降.12、一般地,在IS曲线不变时,货币供给减少会导致A、收入增加、利率上升；B、收入增加、利率下降；C、收入减少、利率上升；D、收入减少、利率下降。
宏观经济学期末考试试卷2(附答案)doc资料
一、选择题(每小题 1 分，共 30 分)1．In the United States real GDP is reported each quarter.a. These numbers are adjusted to make them measure at annual and seasonally adjusted rates.b. These numbers are adjusted to make them annual rates, but no adjustment for seasonal variations are made.c. These numbers are quarterly rates that have been seasonally adjusted.d. These numbers are at quarterly rates and have not been seasonally adjusted.2．The price of CD players increases dramatically, causing a 1 percent increase in the CPI. The price increase will most likely cause the GDP deflator to increase by a. more than 1 percent. b. less than 1 percent. c. 1 percent.d. It is impossible to make an informed guess without more information.3．If increases in the prices of U.S. medical care cause the CPI to increase by 2 percent,the GDP deflator will likely increase by a. more than 2 percent. b. 2 percent. c. less than 2 percent.d. All of the above are correct.4．The traditional view of the production process is that capital is subject to a. constant returns. b. increasing returns. c. diminishing returns.d. diminishing returns for low levels of capital, and increasing returns for high levels of capital.5．Which of the following is correct?a. Political instability can reduce foreign investment, reducing growth.b. Gary's Becker proposal to pay mothers in developing countries to keep their children in school has not worked very well in practice.c. Policies designed to prevent imports from other countries generally increase economic growth.d. All of the above are correct.6．Use the following table to answer the following question. Assume that the closing price was also the average price at which each stock transaction took place. Whatwas the total dollar volume of Gillette stock traded that day?a. $912,840,000b. $91,284,000c. $9,128,400d. $912,8407．Suppose that in a closed economy GDP is equal to 10,000, taxes are equal to 2,500 Consumption equals 6,500 and Government expenditures equal 2,000. What are private saving, public saving, and nationalsaving? a. 1500, 1000, 500 b. 1000, 500, 1500 c. 500, 1500, 1000d. None of the above are correct.8．Risk-averse people will choose different asset portfolios than people who are not risk averse. Over a longperiod of time, we would expect that a. every risk-averse person will earn a higher rate of return than every non-risk averse person. b. every risk-averse person will earn a lower rate of return than every non-risk averse person.c. the average risk-averse person will earn a higher rate of return than the average non-risk averse person.d. the average risk-averse person will earn a lower rate of return than the average non-risk averse person.9．The natural rate of unemployment is thea. unemployment rate that would prevail with zero inflation.b. rate associated with the highest possible level of GDP.c. difference between the long-run and short-run unemployment rates.d. amount of unemployment that the economy normally experiences.10．Suppose that the reserve ratio is 5 percent and that a bank has $1,000 in deposits. Its required reserves area. $5.b. $50.c. $95.d. $950.11．Suppose a bank has $200,000 in deposits and $190,000 in loans. It has a reserve ratio ofa. 5 percentb. 9.5 percentc. 10 percentd. None of the above is correct.12．The inflation taxa. transfers wealth from the government to households.b. is the increase in income taxes due to lack of indexation.c. is a tax on everyone who holds money.d. All of the above are correct.13．In 1898, prospectors on the Klondike River discovered gold. This discovery caused an unexpected price levela. decrease that helped creditors at the expense of debtors.b. decrease that helped debtors at the expense of creditors.c. increase that helped creditors at the expense of debtors.d. increase that helped debtors at the expense of creditors.14．Ivan, a Russian citizen, sells several hundred cases of caviar to a restaurant chain in the United States. By itself, this salea. increases U.S. net exports and has no effect on Russian net exports.b. increases U.S. net exports and decreases Russian net exports.c. decreases U.S. net exports and has no effect on Russian net exports.d. decreases U.S. net exports and increases Russian net exports.15．Suppose that the real exchange rate between the United States and Kenya is defined in terms of baskets of goods. Which of the following will increase the real exchange rate (that is increase the number of baskets of Kenyan goods a basket of U.S. goods buys)?a. an increase in the number of Kenyan shillings that can be purchased with a dollarb. an increase in the price of U.S. baskets of goodsc. a decrease in the price in Kenyan shillings of Kenyan goodsd. All of the above are correct.16．Use the (hypothetical) information in the following table to answer the next question.In real terms, U.S. goods are more expensive than goods in which country(ies)?a. Brazil and Mexicob. Japan, Sweden, and Thailandc. Japan and Swedend. Thailand.17．Which of the following would tend to shift the supply of dollars in foreign-currency exchange market of the open-economy macroeconomic model to the left?a. The exchange rate rises.b. The exchange rate falls.c. The expected rate of return on U.S. assets rises.d. The expected rate of return on U.S. assets falls.18．The real exchange rate equals the relativea. price of domestic and foreign currency.b. price of domestic and foreign goods.c. rate of domestic and foreign interest.d. None of the above is correct.19．In the open-economy macroeconomic model, if the supply of loanable funds increases, the interest rate a. and the real exchange rate increase. b. and the real exchange rate decrease.c. increases and the real exchange rate decreases.d. decreases and the real exchange rate increases.20．For the followingquestion, use the graph below.The initial effect of an increase in the budget deficit in the loanable funds market isillustrated as a move from a. a to b. b. a to c. c. c to b.d. c to d.21．When the government spends more, the initial effect is that a. aggregate demand shifts right. b. aggregate demand shifts left. c. aggregate supply shifts right.d. aggregate supply shifts left.22．Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. In a short span of time, there is a sharp increase in the minimum wage, a major new discovery of oil, a large influx of immigrants, and new environmental regulations that reduce electricity production. Inthe short run, we would expect a. the price level to rise and real GDP to fall. b. the price level to fall and real GDP to rise. c. the price level and real GDP both to stay the same.d. All of the above are possible.23．Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. In a short span of time, there is a large influx of skilled immigrants, a major new discovery of oil, and a major new technological advance in electricity production. In the short run, we would expect a. the price level to rise and real GDP to fall. b. the price level to fall and real GDP to rise. c. the price level and real GDP both to stay the same.d. All of the above are possible.24．According to liquidity preference theory, the money supply curve is a. upward sloping. b. downward sloping.c. vertical.d. horizontal.25．When the Fed buys government bonds, the reserves of the banking system a. increase, so the money supply increases. b. increase, so the money supply decreases. c. decrease, so the money supply increases.d. decrease, so the money supply decreases.26．According to the theory of liquidity preference, an increase in the price level causes thea. interest rate and investment to rise.b. interest rate and investment to fall.c. interest rate to rise and investment to fall.d. interest rate to fall and investment to rise. 27．If the stock market crashes,a. aggregate demand increases, which the Fed could offset by increasing the money supply.b. aggregate demand increases, which the Fed could offset by decreasing the money supply.c. aggregate demand decreases, which the Fed could offset by increasing the money supply.d. aggregate demand decreases, which the Fed could offset by decreasing themoney supply.28．If the MPC = 3/5, then the government purchases multiplier isa. 5/3.b. 5/2.c. 5.d. 15.29．If the government raises government expenditures, in the short run, pricesa. rise and unemployment falls.b. fall and unemployment rises.c. and unemployment rise.d. and unemployment fall.30．If the long-run Phillips curve shifts to the left, for any given rate of money growth and inflation the economy will havea. higher unemployment and lower output.b. higher unemployment and higher output.c. lower unemployment and lower output.d. lower unemployment and higher output.二、判断题(每小题 1 分，共 20 分)31．When an American doctor opens a practice in Bermuda, his production there is part of U.S. GDP.32．In countries where women are discriminated against, policies that increase their career and educational opportunities are likely to increase the birth rate.33．Michael Kramer found that world growth rates have increased as population has.34．Suppose a small closed economy has GDP of $5 billion, Consumption of $3 billion, and Government expenditures of $1 billion. Then domestic investment and national saving are both $1 billion.35．According to the efficient markets hypothesis, at any moment in time, the market price is the best guess of the company's value based on available information.36．According to the efficient markets hypothesis, stocks follow a random walk so that stocks that increase in price one year are more likely to increase than decrease in the next year.37．In the United States, blacks and whites have similar labor force participation rates, but blacks have a higher unemployment rate.38．According to the theory of efficiency wages, firms operate more efficiently if they can pay wages that are below the equilibrium level.39．In the months of November and December, people in the United States hold a larger part of their money in the form of currency because they intend to shop for the holidays. As a result, the money supply increases, cerise parousia.40．In the 1990s, U.S. prices rose at about the same rate as in the 1970s.41．According to the theory of purchasing-power parity, the real exchange rate defined as foreign goods per unit of U.S. goods will equal the domestic price level divided by the foreign price level.42．Net capital outflow represents the quantity of dollars supplied in the foreign-currency exchange market.43．If policymakers impose import restrictions on automobiles, the U.S. trade deficit would shrink.44．Most economists believe that classical theory explains the world in the short run, but not the long run.45．Because not all prices adjust instantly to changing conditions, an unexpected fall in the price level leaves some firms with higher-than-desired prices, and these higher-than-desired prices depress sales and induce firms to reduce the quantity of goods and services they produce.46．All explanations for the upward slope of the short-run aggregate supply curve suppose that output supplied increases when the price level increases more than expected.47．Both the multiplier and the investment accelerator tend to make the aggregate demand curve shift farther than the increase in government expenditures.48．During recessions, the government tends to run a budget deficit.49．If macroeconomic policy expands aggregate demand, unemployment will fall and inflation will rise in the short run.50．The analysis of Friedman and Phelps argues that any change in inflation that is expected has no impact on the unemployment rate. 三、名词解释(每小题 2 分，共 10 分)51．diminishing returns: 52．nominal exchange rate: 53．crowding-out effect: 54．stagflation: 55．automatic stabilizers: 四、简答题( 8题中任选6题；每小题 5分，共 30 分)56．Why are property rights important for the growth of a nation's standard of living? 57．Suppose that you are a broker and people tell you the following about themselves. Whatsort of bond would you recommend to each? Defend your choices. a. "I am in a high federal income tax bracket and I don't want to take very much risk." b. "I want a high return and I am willing to take a lot of risk to get it."c. "I want a decent return and I have enough deductions that I don't value tax breakshighly."58．Draw a simple T-account for First National Bank of Me, which has $5,000 of deposits, areserve ratio of 10 percent, and excess reserves of $300.59．What are the costs of inflation?60．Make a list of things that would shift the long-run aggregate supply curve to the right. 61．Illustrate the classical analysis of growth and inflation with aggregate demand andlong-run aggregate supply curves.62．Why do economists think that the wealth effect and exchange-rate effect are not very important factors inexplaining why aggregate demand slopes downward, at least in the United States?63．Describe the process in the money market by which the interest rate reaches its equilibrium value if it startsabove equilibrium.五、讨论题(2题中任选1题；每小题 10 分，共 10 分)64. Assume the economy is in a recession. Explain how each of the following policies would affect consumption and investment. In each case, indicate any direct effects, any effects resulting from changes intotal output, any effects resulting from changes in interest rate, and the overall effect. If there are conflicting effects making the answer ambiguous, say so. a). a reduction in taxes; b) an expansion of the money supply. 65. In 1939, with the U.S. economy not yet fully recovered from the Great Depression, President Roosevelt proclaimed that Thanksgiving would fall a week earlier than usual so that the shopping period before Christmas would be longer. Explain this decision, using the model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply.《宏观经济学》答题纸一、选择题 (每小题 1 分，共 30 分)1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.11. 12. 13. 14. 15.16. 17. 18. 19. 20.21. 22. 23. 24. 25.26. 27. 28. 29. 30.二、判断题(正确用“T”；错误用“F”；每小题 1分，共 20 分)31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50.三、名词解释(每小题 2分，共 10 分) 51．catch-up effect:52．depreciation: 53．capital flight:54．recession:55．automatic stabilizers:四、简答题( 8题中任选6题；每小题 5分，共 30 分；答题时请标明题号)五、讨论题(2题中任选1题；每小题 10 分，共 10 分；答题时请标明题号)《宏观经济学》试卷B参考答案1.a2.d3.c4.c5.a6.b7.b8.d9.d 10.b 11.a 12.c 13.d 14.d 15.d 16.d 17.c 18.b 19.b 20.c 21.a 22.d 23.b 24.c 25.a 26.c 27.c 28.b 29.a 30.d31.F 32.F 33.T 34.T 35.T 36.F 37.T 38.F 39.F 40.F 41.F 42.T 43.F 44.F 45.T 46.T 47.T 48.T 49.T 50.T51.the property whereby the benefit from an extra unit of an input declines as the quantity of the input increases.52.the rate at which a person can trade the currency of one country for the currency of another.53.the offset in aggregate demand that results when expansionary fiscal policy raises the interest rate and thereby reduces investment spending.54.a period of falling output and rising prices.55.changes in fiscal policy that stimulate aggregate demand when the economy goes into a recession without policymakers having to take any deliberate action.56.Property rights are an important prerequisite for the price system to work in a market economy. If an individual or company is not confident that claims over property or over the income from property can be protected, or that contracts can be enforced, there will be little incentive for individuals to save, invest, or start new businesses. Likewise, there will be little incentive for foreigners to invest in the real or financial assets of the country. The distortion of incentives will reduce efficiency in resource allocation and will reduce saving and investment which in turn will reduce the standard of living. 57. a. A municipal bond, because generally they have low credit risk and are not subject to federal income tax.b. A junk bond. Because of their high risk, they have a high return.c. A corporate bond that isn't a junk bond. Because they have more risk thangovernment bonds and have no special tax treatment, they pay moderate ratesof return.58.First National Bank of MeAssets LiabilitiesReserves $800 Deposits $5,000Loans $4,20059.The costs of inflation include "shoeleather costs," the cost of reducing your money holdings to reduce your inflation tax; "menu costs," the costs of price adjustments; the costs of resource misallocation that result from the relative-price variability induced by inflation; the costs of inflation-induced tax distortions; the costs of confusion and inconvenience; and the costs associated with the arbitrary redistribution of wealth that accompany unexpected inflation.60.Examples in the text (or variations) include increased immigration, a decrease in the minimum wage, more generous unemployment insurance, an increase in the capital stock, an increase in the average level of education, a discovery of new mineral deposits, technology, and removal of barriers to international trade.61.See graph.Over time technological advances cause the long-run aggregate supply curve to shift right. Increases in the money supply cause the aggregate demand curve to shift right. Output growth puts downward pressure on the price level, but money supply growth contributes to rising prices.62.The wealth effect is not very important because it operates through changes in the real value of money, and money is only a small fraction of household wealth. So it is unlikely that changes in the price level will lead to large changes in consumption spending through this channel. The exchange-rate effect is not very important in the United States because trade with other countries represents a relatively small fraction of U.S. GDP.63. If the interest rate is above equilibrium, there is an excess supply of money. People with more money than they want to hold given the current interest rate deposit the money in banks and buy bonds. The increase in funds to lend out causes the interest rate to fall. As the interest rate falls, the quantity of money demanded increases, which tends to diminish the excess supply of money.64. a) 税收减少增加了储蓄的收益、减少了投资的成本，但税收减少对储蓄和投资的影响要视情况而定。
宏观经济学考试试题及答案
宏观经济学考试试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共40分）1. 宏观经济学研究的是（）。
A. 单个经济个体的行为B. 市场价格的变动C. 整体经济运行规律和宏观经济政策D. 企业的生产管理2. GDP的计算方法主要包括（）。
A. 支出法、收入法、生产法B. 供给法、需求法、市场法C. 学问法、技术法、法律法D. 税收法、财政法、社会法3. 通货膨胀对经济的影响主要包括（）。
A. 提高流动性，减少债务负担B. 降低实际利率，刺激投资C. 降低购买力，导致物价上涨D. 增加进出口，改善贸易顺差4. 央行采取货币紧缩政策的目的是（）。
A. 刺激经济增长，促进就业B. 降低通货膨胀压力C. 扩大货币供应，增加消费D. 促进消费升级，提高人民生活水平5. 短期经济波动主要是由（）引起的。
A. 消费者需求的变化B. 政府宏观调控的效果C. 经济周期的波动D. 外部环境的变化二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）6. 宏观经济学研究的三大核心变量是（）、（）和（）。
7. 当央行降低存款准备金率时，货币供应量（）。
8. 名义利率等于实际利率加上（）。
9. 通货膨胀率的计算公式是（）。
10. 净出口等于出口减去（）。
三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）11. 请简述宏观经济学研究的基本问题是什么？12. 什么是经济增长？列举两个促进经济增长的因素。
13. 请解释货币的三个职能分别是什么？14. 列举并解释四个影响经济增长的要素。
15. 描述央行在宏观经济调控中的作用和手段。
四、论述题（共40分）16. 请论述中国宏观经济面临的主要问题及应对策略。
参考答案：一、选择题答案：1. C2. A3. C4. B5. C二、填空题答案：6. GDP、失业率、通货膨胀率7. 增加8. 通货膨胀率9. 通货膨胀率=（今年物价指数-去年物价指数）/去年物价指数×100%10. 进口三、简答题答案：11. 宏观经济学的基本问题包括经济增长、就业与失业、通货膨胀与通货紧缩、国际收支平衡等。
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2008/2009学年第一学期 A二、单项选择题（每小题 1 分，共10 分）1. 下列哪一项不列入国内生产总值的核算？（）A. 出口到外国的一批货物；B. 政府给贫困家庭发放的一笔救济金；C. 经济人为一笔旧房买卖收取佣金；D. 保险公司收到一笔家庭财产保险1. B；2. 在两部门经济中，均衡发生于（）之时。
A. 实际储蓄等于实际投资；B. 计划储蓄等于计划投资；C. 实际的消费加实际的投资等于产出值；D. 总支出等于企业部门的收入2. B；3. 假定其他条件不变，税收增加将引起国民收入（）。
A. 增加，但消费水平下降；B. 增加，同时消费提高；C. 减少，同时消费水平下降；D. 减少，但消费水平上升3. C；4. 利率和收入的组合点出现在IS 曲线右上方，LM 曲线的左上方的区域中，则表示( )。
A．i<s ，L<M ；B．i>s ，L>M ；C．i>s ，L<M ；D．i<s ，L>M4. A；5. 在IS- LM 模型中，若经济处于中间区域，货币供给增加将导致( ) 。
A．收入增加，利率上升； B ．收入减少，利率上升；C．收入增加，利率降低； D ．收入减少，利率降低5. C；6. 在其它因素不变情况下，自发性投资增加10 亿美元，IS 曲线将( )。
A．右移10 亿美元；B．左移10 亿美元；C．右移支出乘数乘以10 亿美元；D．左移支出乘数乘以10 亿美元6. C；7. 中央银行提高再贴率会导致货币供给量（）。
A．增加和利率提高；B．减少和利率提高；C．增加和利率降低；D．减少和利率降低7. B；2.（）将会使长期总供给曲线向右移动。
A．生产技术水平的进步；B．生产要素投入数量的增加；C．扩张性的财政政策；D．扩张性的货币政策3. A；4.以下哪两种情况不可能同时发生（）。
A．结构性失业和成本推进型通货膨胀；B．需求不足失业和需求拉上型的通货膨胀；C．摩擦性失业和需求拉上型通货膨胀；D．失业和通货膨胀4.B；5.经济周期的实质是（）。
A．失业率的波动；B．利息率的波动；C．价格水平的波动；D．国民收入的波动5.D。
三、多项选择题（每小题2分，共10分）1．在理解国内生产总值时要注意（）。
A．国内生产总值是指最终产品的总值；B．国内生产总值是指一年内生产出来的产品的总值；C．国内生产总值指的是最终产品市场价值的总和；D．国内生产总值是指一年内在本国领土上所生产的最终产品的价值总和1．ABCD2．消费倾向与储蓄倾向的关系是（）。
A．APC＋APS＝1；B．APC＋APS＝2；C．MPC＝1—MPS；D．MPC＋MPS＝22．AC3．凯恩斯认为，有效需求不足是导致失业的原因，而有效需求的不足是三大基本心理规律起作用的结果，这三大心理规律是（）。
A．边际消费倾向递减规律；B．边际收益递减规律；C．流动偏好规律；D．资本边际效率递减规律3．ACD4．宏观经济政策的目标是（）。
A．充分就业；B．物价稳定；C．经济增长；D．国际收支平衡6.ABCD5．影响货币创造乘数的因素有（）。
A．法定准备金率；B．超额准备金率；C．再贴现率；D．现金—存款比率；E．基础货币的数量5.ABD四、判断命题的对错（每小题1分，共10分）5. GDP 的变化取决于用哪一年的价格作为衡量GDP 的基期价格。
（×）6.按照凯恩斯主义观点，增加储蓄会使均衡产出增加。
（×）7.边际消费倾向越小，投资乘数越大。
（×）8.中央银行大量卖出政府债券会使利率上升、产出下降。
（√）9.扩张性的货币政策可以直接刺激投资需求，推动国民产出增长。
（×）10.一般来讲，相对于摩擦性失业，结构性失业问题更为严重。
（√）11.长期菲利普斯曲线反映了通货膨胀率与失业率之间的此消彼长的关系。
（×）12.增加税收和增加政府支出都属于扩张性的财政政策。
（×）13.如果宏观经济的均衡处于长期总供给曲线之上，那么，经济中的失业率就是自然失业率。
（√）14.经济增长的标志是失业率的下降。
（×）五、计算题（共27分）1．下表是来自于一个假设的国民收入帐户中的资料：GDP 6 000总投资800净投资200消费 4 000政府购买 1 100政府的预算盈余30计算：（1）NDP；（2）净出口；（3）政府税收减转移支付；（4）个人可支配收入；（5）个人储蓄。
（本小题8 分）2．假设某经济社会的消费需求为c=800+0.6y ，投资需求为i=7500 －20000r，货币需求为L=1000y －10000r，价格水平P=1，试求货币名义供给为6000 亿美元时的GDP。
（结果保留一位小数，本小题 6 分）3．假设一个经济的商品市场由如下行为方程描述：c = 5 + 0.75（y –t）i = 6 –0.25rt = 4，g = 18货币市场由如下行为方程描述：L(r ，y) = 0.2y –2.5r名义货币供给M = 40（1）推导总需求方程（有关运算结果保留一位小数）。
（2）假如在短期里，价格固定为4，试求国民收入以及利率.4．（1）某经济社会三年的预期通货膨胀率分别为10％、12％和15％，为了使每年的实际利率为4％，那么三年的名义利率应分别为多少？三年平均的名义利率是多少？（有关结果保留一位小数）（2）在名义利率为10％，而实际利率仅为5％，预期的通货膨胀率为多少？（本小题6分）1．解：（1）NDP=GDP －折旧=GDP－（总投资－净投资）=5400（2 分）（2）净出口=GDP―消费―总投资―政府购买=100 ⋯⋯（1 分）（3）因为：政府预算盈余=政府税收―政府购买―转移支付所以：政府税收－转移支付=政府预算盈余+政府购买=1130⋯⋯（2 分）（4）个人可支配收入=GDP－税收＋转移支付= GDP－（税收－转移支付）=6000－1130=4870⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯（ 2 分）（5）个人储蓄=个人可支配收入－个人消费=870⋯⋯⋯⋯（1 分）2．解：根据y=c+i，得y=800+0.6y+7500－20000r，整理得IS 方程为y=20750－50000r⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯（ 2 分）根据M/P=L ，得LM 方程为：y=6+10r⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯（ 2 分）联立IS 与LM 方程，得：r=0.4，GDP=y=10⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯（2分）3．解：（1）根据已知条件，得：y=c+i+g=5+0.75（y―4）+6―0.25r+18，整理得IS 方程为y=104－r⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯（ 2 分）令L=M/P ，得LM 方程为：y=200/P+12.5r⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯（ 2 分）联立IS 与LM 方程，并进行整理，得总需求方程为：y=96.3+14.8/P⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯（ 2 分）（2）将P=4 代入总需求方程，得GDP=100⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯（ 1 分）再将100代入IS 或者LM 方程，得出利率r=4% ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯（ 1 分）4．解：（1）根据实际利率=名义利率－通货膨胀率，得：名义利率=实际利率+通货膨胀率每年的名义利率分别为14%、16%、19%⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯（ 3 分）三年平均的名义利率为16.3%⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯（ 1 分）（2）根据实际利率=名义利率－通货膨胀率，得：通货膨胀率=名义利率－实际利率，所以预期的通货膨胀率=5%（2 分）六、简答题（每小题 6 分，共18 分）1．从三部门经济的角度看，影响IS曲线移动的因素主要有哪些？它们如何影响IS曲线？2．什么是公开市场业务？经济萧条时期，中央银行如何进行公开市场操作？3．什么是加速原理？如何用乘数－加速数模型解释经济周期产生的原因？1．答：（1）自发支出变动，即自发消费和自发投资的变动。
自发支出增加，导致IS曲线在纵轴上的截距变大，从而IS曲线右移。
其经济学含义是：即使利率r不变，国民收入y也会增加。
（2分）（2）政府支出变动。
政府支出增加时，IS曲线在纵轴上的截距变大，从而IS曲线右移，移动的幅度为△y=kg·△g。
这体现了扩张性财政政策的影响。
（2分）（3）税收变动。
税收增加时，IS曲线在纵轴上的截距变小，从而IS曲线左移，移动的幅度为△y=kt·△t.这体现了紧缩性财政政策的影响。
（2分）答出因素名称以及IS曲线的移动情况即可。
2．答：公开市场业务是指中央银行在金融市场买进或者卖出政府债券，以调节货币供应量和利率。
（2分）在经济萧条时期，中央银行买进政府债券。
（2分）这一方面意味着货币投放，从而增加货币供给，实现刺激总需求的目的。
另一方面，导致债券需求增加、债券价格上升、利率下降，同样达到刺激总需求的目的。
（2分）3．答：加速原理考察产量变动率与投资变动率的关系，认为产量变动导致投资的加速变动，投资变动率大于产量变动率。
（2分）由于乘数和加速数相互作用，使消费和投资的变动影响国民收入的变动（乘数的作用），而国民收入的变动反过来又会影响到消费和投资的变动（加速数的作用）。
（3分）这种相互作用使国民收入自发增长而形成繁荣，或自发减少而形成萧条，从而形成经济周期。
（1分）七、根据下列材料回答问题（共15分）全球金融危机重压之下，2008年中国已有67万家小企业被迫关门。
国务院参事陈全生2008年12月18日在北京一论坛上表示，约有670万个就业岗位蒸发，主要集中在出口基地广东，使得失业人数远远高于官方统计的830万。
失业率攀升更是加剧了人们对社会稳定的担忧，而中国明年的经济增长率预计不到8%，这一数字被认为是维持社会稳定的最低值。
陈全生敦促大力发展劳动密集型产业，以创造就业机会，弥补因出口萎缩及政府过去控制增长所流失的就业机会。
为拉动内需，北京2008年11月出台价值5860亿美元的经济刺激方案，重点投资基础设施建设。
根据上述材料回答问题：1．什么是失业？衡量失业的主要指标是什么？（ 3 分）2．上述材料中的失业属于什么类型的失业？为什么？（ 4 分）3．根据上述材料，失业对中国经济的影响是什么？体现了宏观经济学的什么定律？（ 4 分）4．为了治理失业，政府采用了什么宏观经济政策？其原理是什么？（ 4 分）1．宏观经济学意义上的失业是指在一定年龄范围内，愿意工作而没有工作，（2分）。
衡量失业的指标为失业率，即并且正在积极寻找工作的人所处的状态失业人数占劳动力总数的比重（1分）。
2．上述材料中的失业属于周期性失业（1分）。
因为全球金融危机造成了经济衰退，在经济衰退时期出现的失业属于周期性失业（3分）。
3．失业加剧了中国对社会稳定的担忧，将会降低中国的经济增长率（2分）。
根据奥肯定律，失业率每高于自然失业率1个百分点，实际G DP将低于潜在GDP2（2．5或3）个百分点（2分）。