光流传感器使用说明

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光学传感器操作保养规程

光学传感器操作保养规程前言光学传感器是工厂自动化过程中不可或缺的重要组成部分之一。

光学传感器可以在整个生产链上控制和优化生产过程，提高生产效率和制品质量。

然而，由于光学传感器的密封性、精度以及对环境的特殊要求，其使用寿命和性能会受到很大的影响。

因此，为了保证光学传感器的可靠性、稳定性和长寿命，需要制定适当的操作和保养规程，以便在使用过程中最大程度地减少传感器的磨损和故障。

本文档将介绍光学传感器的操作和保养规程，包括光学传感器的安装和使用、保养和维护、故障排除和维修等方面内容。

一、光学传感器的安装和使用1. 安装前的准备在安装光学传感器之前，必须进行一些准备工作，以确保光学传感器的安全和正常运行。

具体如下：•确定传感器的安装位置，应考虑传感器配线和环境的特殊要求。

•检查传感器的型号和规格是否正确，如果不正确，必须更换为正确的型号和规格。

•检查传感器和其它元件是否存在损坏，如有任何损坏，必须更换为新的部件。

•检查传感器的端口和线缆，确保它们没有磨损和腐蚀，如有磨损和腐蚀，必须更换为新的部件。

•检查传感器的维护和使用手册，了解其操作方法和要求。

2. 安装过程在进行光学传感器的安装时，必须按照以下步骤进行：•将传感器安装在合适的位置，并确保其与其它设备相互连接和配合正常。

•用扭力扳手将传感器拧紧，但不要过紧。

•用标准电线钳将电缆插头插入传感器的插槽中，并拧紧螺丝。

•检查传感器是否安装正确，如有任何问题，及时更正。

3. 使用注意事项在使用光学传感器时，必须注意一些要点，以确保其正常工作和性能。

具体如下：•检查传感器是否工作正常，如发现问题，应立即停止使用，并进行检修或更换。

•避免使传感器遭受过多的物理冲击、振动和震荡。

•避免使传感器受到过多的热源和辐射，这可能导致传感器失灵或损坏。

•避免在潮湿、腐蚀或有害气体的环境中使用传感器。

•避免接触传感器的光学组件，努力保持其表面清洁和无污点。

二、光学传感器的保养和维护为了保证光学传感器的正常运行和长寿命，必须进行适当的保养和维护。

ZLS10-ILW 内外室感应光线传感器说明书

Sensor para Interiores/Exteriores con Atenuación 0-10V, InfrarrojoPasivo (PIR), Bajo Voltaje, Sensor SolCat. Núm. ZLS10-ILWADVERTENCIAS:• ¡PARA EVITAR INCENDIO, DESCARGA ELÉCTRICA O LA MUERTE, APAGUE LA ELECTRICIDAD aen el interruptorde circuito o fusible y compruebe que la electricidad esté apagada antes de cablear!• Debe ser instalado y/o utilizado de conformidad con los códigos y reglamentos eléctricos apropiados.• En caso de que tenga alguna duda en relación a cualquier parte de estas instrucciones, consulte a un electricista.INSTALACIÓNADVERTENCIA: ¡PARA EVITAR INCENDIO, DESCARGA ELÉCTRICA O LAMUERTE, APAGUE LA ELECTRICIDAD en el interruptor de circuito o fusible ycompruebe que la electricidad esté apagada antes de cablear!1. Confirme los ajustes del interruptor DIP predeterminados de fábrica y configuresegún sea requerido.a. Sensibilidad: 100%b. Tiempo de Espera: 10 segundosc. Sensor de Luz Diurna: 30 luxd. Nivel de Reserva: 30%e. Tiempo de Reserva: 60 minutos2. Coloque el sensor correctamente en el accesorio, alinee el lente e instale girando ensentido contrario a las manecillas del reloj hasta que quede apretado.3. Realice las conexiones de los cables de acuerdo al diagrama de cableado.4. Después de haber realizado todas las conexiones, asegúrese de que los conectoresde todos los cables estén fijados firmemente y que no esté expuesto el cobre.5. Restablezca la energía al circuito y verifique que la luz del LED localizadoresté ENCENDIDA.Patrones de Cobertura del Lente• Configure los ajustes del interruptor DIP antes de la instalación dentro del accesorio.• Consulte las dimensiones del sensor para los requerimientos de montaje.PARA UN FUNCIONAMIENTO ÓPTIMO:El lente del sensor ZLS10-ILW establece docenas de zonas de detección. El sensor es sensible al calor emitidopor el cuerpo humano. Con la finalidad de activar el sensor, la fuente de calor debe moverse de una zona dedetección a otra. El dispositivo es más eficaz para detectar movimiento a través de su campo de visión, y menoseficaz para detectar movimiento hacia o fuera de su campo de visión. Tenga esto en mente al seleccionarla ubicación de la instalación. Recuerde que los sensores de ocupación responden a cambios rápidos en latemperatura, por lo tanto debe tener cuidado de no montar el dispositivo cerca de una fuente de control de clima(es decir, radiadores, intercambiadores de aire y aire acondicionado). Las corrientes calientes o frías pareceráncomo movimiento del cuerpo para el dispositivo y se activarán si la unidad está montada demasiado cerca. Serecomienda montar el Sensor de Ocupación al menos a 1.8 metros (6 pies) de distancia de una fuente de controlde clima. Además, también se recomienda NO montar el Sensor de Ocupación directamente bajo una fuentede luz grande. Los focos de mucha potencia en vatios (mayores a 100W incandescentes) desprenden bastantecalor y prender el foco provoca un cambio de temperatura que puede ser detectado por el dispositivo. Realiceel montaje del Sensor de Ocupación al menos a 1.8 m (6 pies) de distancia de focos grandes. Si es necesariomontar el dispositivo más cerca, reduzca la potencia en vatios del foco que se encuentre directamente arriba.CABLEADO CLASE 2:Para el Cableado de Control de 0-10V: Conecte el cable color Violeta a la línea + 0-10V y el cable color Rosadoal común de 0-10V utilizando los métodos de cableado Clase 1 ó Clase 2 de acuerdo a lo indicado en estasinstrucciones, las instrucciones del balastro/accesorio/controlador o las indicaciones de la etiqueta del balastro/accesorio/controlador. Observe todos los requerimientos de cualquier autoridad que tenga jurisdicción conrespecto al tipo de cable, mangas, métodos de aislamiento y similares.DimensionesOPERACIÓNEl Sensor Solo ZLS10 está diseñado para operar de acuerdo con los ajustes de la configuración programados por el interruptor DIP, o utilizando el control remoto IR opcional ZLS0R-RC1. Consulte el manual del usuario para mayor información sobre lascaracterísticas y operación del ZLS0R-RC1.60 ft19.1 mmVista Lateral de la CoberturaCobertura de 360°Vista Superior de la Cobertura© 2021 Leviton Mfg. Co., Inc.Utilice los Interruptores DIP en el sensor, o el control remoto opcional ZLS0R-RC1 para ajustar los parámetros de configuración. Consulte el manual del usuario para mayor información sobre la configuración, utilizando el control remoto.Configuración del sensor utilizando los interruptores DIP en el dispositivo: • Interruptores DIP 1 y 2 para Sensibilidad / Rango• Interruptores DIP 3 y 4 para Tiempo de Espera / Tiempo de Espera Agotado • Interruptores DIP 5 y 6 para Nivel de Iluminación del Sensor de Luz Diurna • Interruptores DIP 7 y 8 para Nivel de Reserv• Interruptores DIP 9 y 10 para Tiempo de Espera del Nivel de Reserva1. Sensibilidad / Rango: Ajusta la sensibilidad de detección de la ocupación deseada.3. N ivel de Iluminación del Sensor de Luz Diurna: Ajusta o desactiva el umbral de Iluminación deseado, en el cual el sensor evitará que la luz se ENCIENDA cuando exista suficiente luz ambiental.4. N ivel de Reserva: Ajusta el nivel deseado en el cual la luz se atenuará después de que se agota el Tiempo de Espera.2. T iempo de Espera / Tiempo de Espera Agotado: Ajusta el período de tiempo que se desea que la luz permanezca ENCENDIDA después de que ya no se detecta ocupación.5. T iempo de Reserva: Ajusta el período de tiempo que se desea que la luzpermanezca en el nivel de Reserva. Si se selecciona +∞, la luz permanecerá en ese nivel de manera indefinida, o hasta que se detecte ocupación.SENSIBILIDAD: 1, 250%20%70%100%SENSIBILIDAD TIEMPO: 3, 41 minuto10 segundos 5 minutos 15 minutos TIEMPO LUZ: 5, 610 Lux(sensor de luz desactivado)30 Lux 50 LuxLUZ NIVEL DE RESERVA: 7, 810%0%30%50%NIVEL DE RESERVA78TIEMPO DE RESERVA: 9, 101 minuto 30 minutos 60 minutosTIEMPO DE RESERVADECLARACIÓN DE LA INDUSTRIA DE CANADÁ (IC)Este dispositivo cumple con la(s) norma(s) RSS sobre la exención de licencia de la Industria de Canadá. La operación está sujeta a las siguientes dos condiciones: (1) Este dispositivo podría no causarinterferencia, y (2) este dispositivo debe aceptar cualquier interferencia, incluyendo la interferencia que pudiera causar la operación no deseada del dispositivo.DECLARACIÓN DE LA FCC:Este equipo ha sido probado y se ha determinado que cumple con los límites de un dispositivo digital Clase B, de conformidad con la Parte 15 de las Reglas de la FCC. Estos límites están diseñados para proporcionar protección razonable contra interferencia dañina en una instalación residencial. Este equipo genera, utiliza y puede irradiar energía de radiofrecuencia, y si no se instala y utiliza de acuerdo con las instrucciones, puede causar interferencia dañina a las comunicaciones de radio. Sin embargo, no hay garantía de que no ocurra interferencia en una instalación particular. En caso de que este equipo cause interferencia dañina a la recepción de radio o televisión, la cual se puede determinar apagando y encendiendo el equipo, el usuario puede tratar de corregir la interferencia por medio de una o más de las siguientes medidas: - Reoriente o reubique la antena de recepción.- Aumente la separación entre el equipo y el receptor.- Conecte el equipo en un contacto en un circuito diferente del que está conectado el receptor. - Para ayuda consulte con el vendedor o técnico con experiencia en radio/televisión.DECLARACIÓN DE CONFORMIDAD DE PROVEEDORES (SDOC) DE LA FCC:El Modelo ZLS10-ILW es manufacturado por Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc., 201 North Service Road,Melville, NY 11747, . Este dispositivo cumple con la Parte 15 de las Reglas de la FCC. Su operación está sujeta a las siguientes dos condiciones: (1) Este dispositivo podría no causar interferencia dañina, y (2) este dispositivo debe aceptar cualquier interferencia recibida, incluyendo la interferencia que pudiera causar una operación no deseada.Las luces no se ENCIENDEN.• E l sensor está cableado incorrectamente. Confirme que el cableado del sensor coincida con el diagrama de cableado, y realice una inspección visual por posibles problemas.• S i está activado el sensor de luz diurna, verifique las configuraciones y realice ajustes en los niveles de Iluminación (Lux).Las luces no se APAGAN.• E l sensor está cableado incorrectamente. Confirme que el cableado del sensor se realice de manera correcta y realice una inspección visual por posibles problemas.• A segúrese de que la lámpara esté instalada con un espacio de al menos 30 cm (1 pie) entre la lámpara y las superficies reflectantes circundantes (por ejemplo, paredes de metal, cristal o concreto).• S e configuró incorrectamente la Sensibilidad / Rango. Ajuste los Interruptores DIP 1 y s luces se APAGAN y se ENCIENDEN demasiado rápido.• S e configuró incorrectamente la Sensibilidad / Rango. Ajuste los Interruptores DIP 1 y 2.• S e configuró incorrectamente el Tiempo de Espera / Tiempo de Espera Agotado. Ajuste los Interruptores DIP 3 y 4.Este aparato digital Clase B cumple con CAN ICES-3(B)/NMB-3(B) de Canadá.Cualquier cambio o modificación no aprobados de manera expresa por Leviton podrían anular la autorización del usuario para operar el equipo.Leviton ® y el logotipo de Leviton son marcas registradas de Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc. Intellect es una marca registrada de Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc. registrada en los EUA, Canadá, México, la Unión Europea y el Reino Unido.Para Asistencia Técnica llame al: 1-800-824-3005 (Sólo en EE.UU.) GARANTIA LIMITADA POR CINCO AÑOS Y EXCLUSIONESLeviton garantiza al consumidor original de sus productos y no para beneficio de nadie más que este producto en el momento de su venta por Leviton está libre de defectos en materiales o fabricación por un período de cinco años desde la fecha de la compra original. La única obligación de Leviton es corregir tales defectos ya sea con reparación o reemplazo, como opción. Para detalles visite o llame al 1-800-824-3005. Esta garantía excluye y renuncia toda responsabilidad de mano de obra por remover o reinstalar este producto. Esta garantía es inválida si este producto es instalado inapropiadamente o en un ambiente inadecuado, sobrecargado, mal usado, abierto, abusado o alterado en cualquier manera o no es usado bajo condiciones de operación normal, o no conforme con las etiquetas o instrucciones. No hay otras garantías implicadas de cualquier otro tipo, incluyendo mercadotecnia y propiedad para un propósito en particular pero si alguna garantía implicada se requiere por la jurisdicción pertinente, la duración de cualquiera garantía implicada, incluyendo mercadotecnia y propiedad para un propósito en particular, es limitada a cinco años. Leviton no es responsable por daños incidentales, indirectos, especiales o consecuentes, incluyendo sin limitación, daños a, o pérdida de uso de, cualquier equipo, pérdida de ventas o ganancias o retraso o falla para llevar a cabo la obligación de esta garantía. Los remedios provistos aquí son remedios exclusivos para esta garantía, ya sea basado en contrato, agravio o de otra manera.DATOS DEL USUARIONOMBRE: _____________ DIRECCIÓN: ________COL: _________________ C.P. ________________CIUDAD: ___________________________________ESTADO: ___________________________________TELÉFONO: ________________________________DATOS DE LA TIENDA O VENDEDORRAZÓN SOCIAL:________ PRODUCTO: ________MARCA: _______________ MODELO: __________NO. DE SERIE: ______________________________NO. DEL DISTRIBUIDOR:______________________DIRECCIÓN: ________________________________COL: _________________ C.P. ________________CIUDAD: ___________________________________ESTADO: ___________________________________TELÉFONO: ________________________________FECHA DE VENTA: ___________________________FECHA DE ENTREGA O INSTALACIÓN: __________SÓLO PARA MÉXICO POLÍTICA DE GARANTÍA DE 5 AÑOS: Leviton S de RL de CV, Lago Tana No. 43, Col. Huichapan, Del. M. Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, CP 11290 México. Tel +52 (55) 5082-1040. Garantiza este producto por el término de cinco años en todas sus partes y mano de obra contra cualquier defecto de fabricación y funcionamiento a partir de la fecha de entrega o instalación del producto bajo las siguientes CONDICIONES:1. P ara hacer efectiva esta garantía, no podrán exigirse mayores requisitos que la presentación de esta póliza junto con el producto en el lugar donde fue adquirido en cualquiera de los centros de servicio que se indican a continuación.2. L a empresa se compromete a reemplazar o cambiar el producto defectuoso sin ningún cargo para el consumidor, los gastos de transportación que se deriven de su cumplimiento serán cubiertos por: Leviton S de RL de CV.3. E l tiempo de reemplazo en ningún caso será mayor a 30 días contados a partir de la recepción del producto en cualquiera de los sitios en donde pueda hacerse efectiva la garantía.4. C uando se requiera hacer efectiva la garantía mediante el reemplazo del producto, esto se podrá llevar a cabo en: Leviton S de RL de CV.5. E sta garantía no es válida en los siguientes casos: A) Cuando el producto ha sido utilizado en condiciones distintas a las normales. B) Cuando el producto no ha sido operado de acuerdo con el instructivo de uso en idioma español proporcionado. C) Cuando el producto ha sido alterado o reparado por personas no autorizadas por Leviton S de RL de CV.6. E l consumidor podrá solicitar que se haga efectiva la garantía ante la propia casa comercial donde adquirió el producto. 7. E n caso de que la presente garantía se extraviara el consumidor puede recurrir a su proveedor para que se le expida otra póliza de garantía previa presentación de la nota de compra o factura respectiva.。

E3X-NA11光纤传感器调整说明

E3X-NA11光纤传感器调整说明
一、传感器外观、硬件介绍
1、（彩图）
2、面板说明
3、观测光量变化的LED光量条显示。

各指示灯所代表的含义如下图。

二、具体操作方法
1、根据需要，调整定时开关（ON:定时动作OFF：定时解除）和动作状态转换开关（L-ON/D-ON的转换）。

一般调整为：定时解除、L-ON
2、将已安装好的传感器送上电，上电后若没有检测到工件，指示灯的显示如图所示。

指示灯的状态解释如下图
3、将被检测的工件1送到对应的光纤头前，如下图用专用螺丝刀顺时钟旋转调整灵敏度调整旋钮可增大传感器的灵敏度，反之则减小。

调整到如下指示是即可。

此时表示该工件1被检测到了。

再将需要与工件1区别的另一工件（工件2）送到光纤头前指示灯
应如下图：
或指示灯不能超过下图
注意：在调整前要先考虑两工件的反光强度，反光度强的为工件1 ，弱的为工件2。

（反光强度：金属工件> 白色工件> 黑色工件）
三、检测取反操作
1、根据需要选择是入光时ON，还是遮光时ON。

如下图：
附：详细内容请参考“E3X-NA11光纤传感器使用说明.pdf”。

IIOT-LR2000光照传感器说明书

光照度传感器说明书IIOT-LR2000光照传感器使用说明书V2.2目录1.产品资料 (2)2.产品概述 (2)2.1.产品特点 (2)2.2技术参数 (2)2.3光照参数 (3)2.4探头参数与选型 (4)2.5产品尺寸 (4)3.模拟量4-20mA参数含义 (5)1）当选择量程为0-65535lux时 (5)2）当选择量程为0-20WLux时 (5)4.通讯协议 (5)4.1通讯基本参数 (5)4.2数据帧格式定义 (6)4.3寄存器地址 (7)4.4通讯协议示例以及解释 (7)5.常见问题及解决办法 (8)5.1设备无法连接到电脑 (8)6.安装说明 (9)6.1设备安装前检查 (9)6.2接口说明 (10)6.3安装形式 (10)7.接线图 (10)7.1RS485型接线定义 (10)7.2模拟量型接线定义 (11)8.联系方式 (11)9.质保与售后 (12)10.免责声明 (12)11.修订记录 (12)1.产品资料产品说明书下载地址:https:///product/2048.html设备上云操作指导详情：https:///news/1204.html2.产品概述该变送器广泛适用于农业大棚、花卉培养等需要光照度监测的场合。

传感器内部的输入电源、感应探头、信号输出三部分完全隔离。

安全可靠，外观美观，安装方便。

2.1.产品特点●感光探头灵敏度高、信号稳定、精度高。

●测量范围宽、线性度好、防水性能好。

●使用方便、便于安装、传输距离远。

●高一致性，出厂全部严格标定校正。

2.2技术参数参数名称参数内容产品名称：光照度传感器产品供电：12-24V DC产品功率：＜0.4W（RS485)＜1.2W（模拟量)工作环境：工作湿度：0-85%RH工作温度：-25-70℃量程：0-65535Lux/0-20万Lux精度：±5%光照度长期稳定性：≤5%/y输出方式RS485接口，Modbus-RTU通讯协议4-20mA接口，电流信号模拟量负载能力电流输出，≤600欧姆尺寸规格：110×85×44mm³壁挂式王字壳IP防护等级：IP65防水防尘2.3光照参数如图1所示，不同波长光线对光照度的影响，波长在580nm左右最准确，比例系数为1。

光传感器说明书

16. Technical data Voltage:110 - 240 VAC, 50/60 Hz Typ. power input: approx. 0.5W Type of contact: T ype of contact: NOC with tungsten pre-make contact, µ contact Switching power: 3000W, cos ϕ =1 1500VA, cos ϕ =0.5max. inrush current Ip (20ms): 165A Range: approx. 20mTime settings:15 s - 16 min, pulseDynamicfollow-up time :Active when programmed via remote controlLux value:a pprox. 2 Lux up to day-time opera-tion (and night-time operation) - light evaluation inactive Factory settings: Follow-up time 3min.,Switch-on threshold approx. 20 Lux Detection angle: 130° / 230° / 280°, additional 360° anti-creep zoneDegree /class of protection: IP54 / IIDimensions: L 121 x W 71 x H 85mm Housing:Polycarbonate, UV-resistant Mounting options: W all, ceiling and corner mounting (Socket for external corner mounting comes along with RC-plus next 280) Settings:v ia potentiometers, mechanical adjusting means and remote controlThe device does not fulfil the requirements of EN50131-2-2 and therefore cannot be used in professional intrusion detection systems.EU Declaration of ConformityThis product respects the directives concerning 1. electromagnetic compatibility (2014/30/EU) 2. low voltage (2014/35/EU) 3. r estriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment (2011/65/EU)17. Article / Part nr. / AccessoryAccessory:LUXOMAT ® Remote controls: IR-RC (incl. wall bracket) 92000 IR-RC-Mini 92090 IR-Adapter for Smartphones 92726LUXOMAT ® Outside corner sockets: RC-plus next ES white: 97004 RC-plus next ES brown: 97014 RC-plus next ES black: 97024 RC-plus next ES silver: 97043 (included with LUXOMAT ® RC-plus next 280)Various accessories:LUXOMAT ® Inside corner socket white97005 LUXOMAT ® Mini-Arc extinction kit 10882 LUXOMAT ® Arc extinction kit 10880 Wall bracket for IR-RC as replacement 92100 Wire basket BSK white 9246718. L ED function indicators (status LEDs,see section 23)。

OMRON光电传感器操作手册

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px4光流处理 -回复

px4光流处理-回复关于PX4光流处理的主题，我将在以下文章中逐步回答。

PX4是一种流行的开源飞控系统，其光流处理功能可以帮助飞行器进行精确的定位和悬停。

在本文中，我将详细介绍PX4光流处理的原理、配置和使用方法。

第一部分：PX4光流处理原理PX4光流处理的原理基于通过光学传感器获取飞行器相对于地面的运动信息。

光流传感器通常安装在飞行器的底部，利用摄像头感知地面上的纹理，并跟踪这些纹理的运动。

通过分析相邻帧之间的纹理位移，可以计算出飞行器相对于地面的速度和方向。

PX4光流处理使用了一种叫做光流算法的技术来实现运动估计。

光流算法基于光学流理论，它假设图像中相邻像素之间的亮度是恒定的，通过计算这些像素之间的亮度变化，可以得到像素的运动方向和速度。

根据这些信息，PX4可以实时估计飞行器的速度、位置和姿态。

第二部分：PX4光流配置要使用PX4光流功能，首先需要确保你的飞行器具备光流传感器。

常见的光流传感器包括视觉惯性测量单元（VIO）和双目立体视觉摄像头。

这些传感器通常通过I2C或SPI接口与飞控系统连接。

一旦确保传感器的连接，你需要配置PX4飞控系统以启用光流功能。

首先，在PX4的配置文件中启用光流传感器，并指定其通信端口和参数。

根据你使用的具体传感器，还需要配置摄像头曝光时间、像素分辨率和采样率等参数。

此外，你还需要校准光流传感器，以确保其准确性。

在配置完传感器后，你需要将飞行器放在地面上进行静态初始化。

在此过程中，PX4将自动获取地面纹理并进行标定，以用于后续的运动估计。

完成初始化后，你可以进行一些测试飞行以验证光流处理的性能。

第三部分：PX4光流使用方法一旦你完成了光流配置，你可以利用PX4的光流处理功能进行各种应用。

以下是一些常见的应用场景：1. 室内定位和悬停：PX4光流处理可以在没有GPS信号的室内环境中进行精确定位和悬停。

光流传感器通过感知地面纹理的运动来估计飞行器的位置和速度，从而实现准确的室内定位。

光纤智能传感器使用方法(光纤传感器的调试和使用)

光纤智能传感器使用方法（光纤传感器的调试和使用）光纤传感器将发射器发出的光用光纤引导到检测点，然后将检测到的光信号用光纤引导到接收器进行检测。

大多数第一次接触光纤传感器的朋友不知道如何调试和使用。

以下是介绍光纤传感器的调试和使用方法。

一是基本构成。

光纤传感器的外观基本上由以下部分组成，从左到右依次为:(1)SET键，该按钮可用于灵敏度设定。

该传感器的基本原理是通过光纤探针感应不同介质的折射率，得到数字信号，显示在画面上，通过显示值的大小与设定灵敏度的比较发送开关量。

(2)指示灯，当传感器有信号输出时，该灯会灭变化。

(3)设定灵敏度，在屏幕上显示为绿色，显示当前设定的灵敏度。

当探针收集到的值改为该值时，传感器产生信号。

(4)当前敏感值显示在屏幕上为红色，显示传感器当前收集的值。

(5)选择按钮和左右箭头可以选择各种功能，相当于翻页键。

(6)模式选择按钮，可以用来设置不同的工作模式。

二是接线方法。

三是灵敏度校准。

(1)全自动校准:当工件进入探针的敏感区域时，按下SET键，保持3秒，敏感值将被设置为绿色。

(2)两点校准:当工件未进入敏感区域时，按住SET键保持三秒钟，记住一个敏感值，然后将工件放在敏感区域，按住SET键保持三秒钟，记住另一个敏感值。

当敏感值从一个值变为另一个值时，传感器会产生电平变化。

(3)一般校准:也可以通过按选择按钮和左右键来增加或减少敏感度的设定值。

(4)定位校准：当工件未进入敏感区域时，按下SET键保持。

3秒钟后，将工件放在离探针有一定距离的地方，按下SET键保持。

一个敏感值在三秒钟内被记住，当工件每次到达这个位置时，传感器就会发生电平变化。

4.常开常闭设置。

按下光纤传感器右侧的开关选择按钮，可以选择内部开关是常闭还是常开。

,。

FX-505-C2 和 FX-505P-C2 光电流传感器产品说明书

4I/O CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS<FX-505-C2><FX-505P-C2>Note: Make sure to insulate the ends of the unused lead wires.5OPERATION PROCEDURE●The sensing output can be switched to sensing output 1 or sensing output 2 by holding down the mode key.●The changed settings are not stored if turning the power OFF while setting.Therefore, confirm the settings by pressing the SET key before turning the power OFF. ●When turning ON the power, RUN mode is displayed and the digital displayshows the threshold value (green) and the incident light intensity (red).• Displays threshold value (green) and incident light intensity (red).• Teaching, threshold value fine adjustment and key lock function can be set.• For setting method of each function, refer to “TEACHING MODE ,” “THRESHOLD VALUE FINE ADJUSTMENT FUNC-TION ,” or “KEY LOCK FUNCTION .”• Select either Light-ON or Dark-ON.• For the setting, refer to “SENSING OUTPUT OPERATION MODE .”• The default setting is “ ” (Light-ON).• An item set in CUSTOM mode (Response time setting, Emission power setting and Hysteresis setting) is displayed.• For details, refer to “CUSTOM MODE .”• The default setting is “” (response time setting).• Advanced setting can be done.• For the setting, refer to “PRO MODE .”Thank you very much for purchasing Panasonic products.Please read this Instruction Manual carefully and thoroughly for the correct and optimum use of this product.Kindly keep this manual in a convenient place for quick reference.1INTENDED PRODUCTS FOR CE MARKING●This product complies with the following standards / regulations.<EU Directive>EMC Directive <Standards in US / Canada>ANSI/UL 60947-5-2, CAN/CSA C22.2 No.14<Regulations in Korea>S1-G-1-2009, S2-W-5-2009●Caution about UL recognitionIn case requiring conformity of UL listing mark or C-UL listing mark, USe class 2 power supply unit. ●Contact for CEPanasonic Marketing Europe GmbH Panasonic Testing Center Winsbergring 15, 22525 Hamburg,Germany2PART DESCRIPTION3MOUNTINGHow to connect1.Fit the rear part of the mounting sec -tion of the amplifier on a DIN rail.2.Press down the rear part of the mounting section of the unit on the DIN rail and fit the front part of the mounting section to the DIN rail.How to remove1.Push the controller forward.2.Lift up the front part of the amplifier to remove it. 2. 2. 1.Snap the fiber lock lever down till it stops completely.2. Insert the fiber cables slowly into the inlets until they stops. (Note)3.Return the fiber lock lever to the original position till it stops.Note: With the coaxial reflective type fiber, such as , FD-G4 or FD-FM2, insert the single core fiber cable into thebeam-emitting inlet “P” and the multi-core fiber cable into the beam-receiving inlet.If they are inserted in reverse, the sensing performance will deteriorate.1-point teaching [Window comparator mode (except sensing output 2) / Hysteresis mode] ●This is method to set the shift amount to the desired value and to set thethreshold range by using the 1-point teaching.Stable sensing is possible 1. Pressing SET key down2. Press the SET key down in the sensing object present condition.Stable sensing is not possible3. The threshold value (1_SL) that is 10% lower from the incident light intensity and the threshold value (2_SL) that is 10% higher from the incident light intensity are set. (Note 1, 2)Notes 1) The shift amount of 10% is an initial value. The shift amount can be set in PRO mode. Furthermore, the shift valuecan be set in incident light amount. For setting method, refer to <PRO6> in “PRO MODE OPERATION MANUAL .”2) If the value after setting exceeds the maximum (minimum), the maximum (minimum) sensitivity will be set.2-point teaching [Window comparator mode (except sensing output 2) / Hysteresis mode] ●This is method to set the threshold range by conducting the 2-point teaching (P-1, P-2). ●When conducting teaching, use sensing objects (P-1 and P-2) whose incidentlight intensities are different from each other.<Window comparator mode>1_SL (P-1)2_SL (P-2)Stable sensing is possible 1. Pressing SET key down (1st time)2. Press down the SET key in the sensing object present condition. (2nd time)Stable sensing is not possibleNote: If the value after setting exceeds the maximum (minimum), the maximum (minimum) sensitivity will be set.3-point teaching [Window comparator mode (except sensing output 2) / Hysteresis mode] ●This is the method to conduct the 3-point teaching (P-1, P-2, P-3) and to set the threshold range by setting the threshold value (1_SL) of the mid-point between “A” and “B” and the threshold value (2_SL) of the mid-point between “B” and “C”.●When conducting teaching, use sensing objects (A, B and C) whose incident light intensities are different.●After teaching, P-1, P-2 and P-3 will be automatically relocated in ascending order:i.e. the lowest value is placed in “A”, the second lowest in “B” and the highest in “C”.<Window comparator mode>C Stable sensing is possible 1. Press SET key down in the sensing object present condition (1st time)2. Press SET key down in the sensing object present condition (2nd time)Stable sensing is not possible3. Press SET key down in the sensing object present condition (3rd time)Note: If the value after setting exceeds the maximum (minimum), the maximum (minimum) sensitivity will be set.Span adjustment in rising differential mode or trailing differential mode●Move to the rising differential mode, or the trailing differential mode in the PRO6 mode, and press the jog switch to confirm the setting.For the setting procedure, refer to <PRO6> in “PRO MODE OPERATION MANUAL .”●The threshold can be set by using the threshold value fine adjustment function.For the threshold value fine adjustment function, refer to “THRESHOLD VALUE FINE ADJUSTMENT FUNCTION”Short spanLong span6TEACHING MODE●Be sure that detection may become unstable depending on the use environ -ment in teaching if less margin is applied.●When teaching in Window comparator mode or Hysteresis mode, a setting has to be made in PRO mode beforehand.In case 1-point teaching, make sure to set the shift amount. (initial value is 10% or 100)For the setting, refer to <PRO6> in “PRO MODE OPERATION MANUAL .”●Teaching can be set in RUN mode.056 222 38 18*********************SEN TRONIC AG11PRO MODE●When MODE indicator: PRO (yellow) lights up, PRO mode can be set. ●For detail of PRO mode, refer to “ PRO MODE OPERATION MANUAL .”Procedure+, Shift amount setting Timer settingResponce time settingHysteresis settingEmission power settingTimer range setting Teaching lock settingSetting items in digital display settingSetting of digital display turningTime period hold settingData bank loading settingBack up settingCommunication protocol settingDisplay adjustment settingSetting of threshold value trackingCopy lock settingCopy action settingData bank saving settingCode settingReset settingCUSTOM settingInterference prevention settingSensing output settingCopy settingECO settingExternal input settingLogic operation setting7THRESHOLD VALUE FINE ADJUSTMENT FUNCTION●Set fine adjustment of threshold value in RUN mode.●Also, the threshold value fine adjustment function can be used in forced ON output mode and forced OFF output mode●For setting of the sensing output, refer to <PRO6> in “PRO MODE OPERA-TION MANUAL .”<Normal mode, Rising differential mode or Trailing differential mode>Press down Press down Automatically set without pressing <Window comparator mode or Hysteresis mode>●When setting sensing output to the window comparator mode or hysteresismode, “” and “ ” can be changed to another by pressing down SET key for 2 sec.In case conducting threshold value fine adjustment of “ ” or “ ”, press down UP key or Down key, and “ ” or “ ” are displayed. Then, the threshold value fine adjustment can be conducted.Press down Press down Press down Automatically set without pressing Note: It may not respond when values of “” and “” are close because of relation of hysteresis. Be sureto confirm with this device.8KEY LOCK FUNCTION●The key lock function prevents key operations so that the conditions set in each setting mode are not inadvertently changed. ●If operating key switch after key lock is set, “ ” is indicated on the digital display.<Set key lock>Press down for <Release key lock>Press down for 9SENSING OUTPUT OPERATION MODE●When MODE indicator: L / D (yellow) lights up, sensing output operation can be set.Press down SET keyPress down UP / DOWN key10CUSTOM MODE●When MODE indicator: CUST (yellow) lights up,Response time setting, Emission power setting or Hysteresis setting can be displayed.For the setting procedure, refer to <PRO5> in “PRO MODE OPERATION MANUAL .”●By pressing UP key or DOWN key, the setting ineach item will be changed.●Press SET key to confirm the setting.056 222 38 18*********************SEN TRONIC AG12OPTICAL COMMUNICATION●When the setting of data bank loading / saving, copy setting, or copy actionsetting is conducted via optical communications, cascade the sub amplifiersright side to the main amplifier as follows.However, in case using data bank loading / saving, use FX-502□ or FX-505□-C2as main amplifier.●If an amplifier is under any of the following conditions, the setting of data bankloading / saving, or copy setting cannot be carried out.• Copy lock setting is set to copy lock ON “ .”• Digital display is blinking• External input setting of main amplifier is set to “ .” (Only data-bank loading / saving)●When communication protocol ofsub amplifier is set to communicationemission halt “ ” the settingsetting cannot be carried out toamplifier.●conducted by optical communication.●When this product and other products (e.g. fiber sensor amplifiers, pressuresensor controllers, etc.) are connected together in cascade, install those prod-ucts so that they are in order of Group A, B, D and C as shown in the right fig-ure. This product is included in Group D.Group Model No.AFX-301□ (Conventional version unit)FX-301B□/G□/H□, LS-401□BFX-301□ (Modified version unit)FX-305□, FX-301□-C1C LS-403□, DPS seriesD FX-500 series●As for the products that are located between different groups, affix the ampli-fier protection seal FX-MB1 (optional) on the communication window of eachcorresponding product.●Within each group, identical models should be connected in a lump.●In case conducting copy setting of this device and other FX-500 series togeth-er, functions which are incorporated in this device will be copied but functionswhich are not incorporated in this device will not be copied.13INTERFERENCE PREVENTION FUNCTION●This device incorporates an interference prevention function by setting different emittingfrequencies different from an interference prevention function by optical communication.●For Interference prevention function setting procedure, refer to <PRO5> in“PRO MODE OPERATION MANUAL.”●Possible number of amplifiers for interference prevention function is different●In case putting in more amplifiers than limit of interference prevention function,put the amplifier protection seal to amplifier which is adjacent of end of an ampli-fier that the interference function is valid or set OFF in communication protocolsetting of the end of amplifier that the interference prevention function is valid.Example: Putting in 12 of this device and set STD of response time setting.• Possible number of interference prevention is 4.Put the amplifier protection seals 4th and 5th amplifiers and between 8thand 9th amplifiers or change the communication protocol setting of 4th and8th to OFF since interference prevention works from 1st to 4th, from 5th to8th and 9th to 12th.●In case mounting more amplifiers whose response time setting are different,put protection seal between amplifiers that have different response time settingor set communication protocol setting of the upper amplifier to OFF.●For communication protocol setting procedure, refer to <PRO4> in “PROMODE OPERATION MANUAL.”14ERROR INDICATION15SPECIFICATIONSNote: 1) E xcluding power consumption of the monitor current output2) I f the display adjustment was conducted, it is not in this range.16CAUTIONS●This product has been developed / produced for industrial use only.●Make sure that the power supply is OFF while adding or removing the amplifiers.●Take care that if a voltage exceeding the rated range is applied, or if an ACpower supply is directly connected, the product may get burnt or be damaged.●Take care that short-circuit of the load or wrong wiring may burn or damage the product.●Do not run the wires together with high-voltage lines or power lines, or putthem in the same raceway.This can cause malfunction due to induction.●The specification may not be satisfied in a strong magnetic field.●Verify that the supply voltage variation is within the rating.●If power is supplied from a commercial switching regulator, ensure that the frameground (F.G.) terminal of the power supply is connected to an actual ground.●In case noise generating equipment (switching regulator, inverter motor, etc.)is used in the vicinity of this product, connect the frame ground (F.G.) terminalof the equipment to an actual ground.●The ultra long distance (U-LG, HYPR) mode is more likely to be affected byextraneous noise since the sensitivity of that is higher than the other modes.Make sure to check the environment before use.●Do not use during the initial transient time (H-SP, FAST, STD: 0.5 sec., LONG,U-LG, HYPR: 1 sec.) after the power supply is switched ON.●Use same power supply when mounting adjacently.●Extension up to total 100m is possible. When you extend the cable, be sure the power sup-ply voltage is 12V DC or more and use cables which have 0.3mm2 or more of conductorcross-section area. However, in order to reduce noise, make the wiring as short as possible.●Make sure that stress by forcible bend or pulling is not applied to the sensorcable joint and fiber cable.●This product is suitable for indoor use only.●Avoid dust, dirt, and steam.●Take care that the product does not come in contact with oil, grease, organicsolvents such as thinner, etc., strong acid or alkaline.●This product cannot be used in an environment containing inflammable or ex-plosive gasses.●Never disassemble or modify the product.●This product adopts EEPROM. Settings cannot be done 100 thousand timesor more because of the EEPROM’s lifetime./id/pidsx/globalOverseas Sales Division (Head Office)2431-1 Ushiyama-cho, Kasugai-shi, Aichi, 486-0901, JapanPhone: +81-568-33-7861 FAX: +81-568-33-8591For sales network, please visit our website.PRINTED IN CHINA© Panasonic Industrial Devices SUNX Co., Ltd. 2015 056 222 38 18*********************SEN TRONICAG。

GuardShield 450L PAC安全光流传感器指南说明书

Installation InstructionsOriginal InstructionsGuardShield 450L PAC Safety Light CurtainCatalog Numbers 450L-E4A1L0150YD, 450L-E4A2L0600YD, 450L-E4A3L0900YD, 450L-E4A4L1050YDFigure 1 - Package Content (Stick, Mounting Brackets, and Test Rod)Figure 2 - Remove Red Slot CoverFigure 3 - Check DIP Switches on Connection Plug-inFigure 4 - Insert Plug-inIf a 450L PAC safety light curtain is used and operated with a cascading plug-in,remove the gray slot cover insert and mount the cascading plug-in, similar to theconnection plug-in.Figure 5 - Tighten Screws (0.38 N•m [3.36 lb•in], Max)Figure 6 - Install Mounting Kit (0.7 N•m [6.19 lb•in], Max)Confirm that both connection plug-ins are at the same end of the light curtainsticks.Figure 7 - Position of Transmitter and Receiver SticksFigure 8 - Install, Connect, Power-up, and Align Complete SystemThe 450L PAC safety light curtain sticks have an integrated laser alignmentsystem. This system can be switched on/off by placing a finger on the opticalswitch, which is the square next to the hand symbol on the front window.IMPORTANT See 450L-UM001 in Additional Resource on page4 forin-depth instructions and technical information.IMPORTANT The plug-in must be ordered and supplied separately.GuardShield 450L PAC Safety Light Curtain Installation Instructions Figure 9 - Use the Integrated Laser Alignment System for PositioningThe450L PAC is a Perimeter Access Control safety light curtain that is designed for whole body detection to create a safety perimeter around a machine or hazardous location. To verify correct operation, first place the machine or hazardous location in a safe state. Then interrupt the beams, refer to Figure11 for the beam positions of different models. Confirm that the OSSD safety output switches to the OFF state (refer to Table2 on page3 for the indicator status) and remains OFF for as long as the beams are interrupted.Figure 10 - 450L PAC Overall and Mounting Dimensions Figure 11 - 450L PAC Beam HeightsATTENTION: Do not stare into the beam. Laser Class 2. Conforms to 21 CFR 1040.10.Laser Optical Switch30 mm (1.18 in.)30 mm (1.18 in.)30 mm(1.18 in.)30 mm(1.18 in.)42.5 mm(1.67 in.)13 mm(0.51 in.)29.9 mm(1.18 in.)8 mm(0.31 in.)17.6 mm(0.69 in.)14.9 mm(0.59 in.)7.6 mm(0.3 in.)A B C DCat. No.Number ofBeamsA B C DProtectiveHeightMountingValueMountingValue Total Length 450L-E4A1L0150YD1150 mm(5.91 in.)185.5 mm(7.3 in.)215 mm(8.46 in.)235 mm(9.25 in.)450L-E4A2L0600YD2600 mm(23.62 in.)635.5 mm(25.02 in.)665 mm(26.18 in.)685 mm(26.97 in.)450L-E4A3L0900YD3900 mm(35.43 in.)935.5 mm(36.83 in.)965 mm(37.99 in.)985 mm(38.78 in.)450L-E4A4L1050YD41050 mm(41.34 in.)1085.5 mm(42.74 in.)1115 mm(43.9 in.)1135 mm(44.68 in.)Table 1 - DIP Switch Functionality450L-APR-ON-5:450L-APR-EDM-8:DIP 1 (4)DIP 1 (8)50L-APU-UN-8:450L-APR-MU-8:DIP 1 (12)DIP 1 (12)Switch Number Switch Function Default Description 1—OFF—2Low range activation OFF OFF: DisabledON: Enabled3Beam coding OFF OFF: DisabledON: Enabled 4—OFFOFF: DisabledON: Invalid selection(error) 5Combination activation ofthe following start modes:Automatic startManual (re) startManual cold startManual start with offfunctionOFF DIP 5: OFFDIP 6: OFFAutomatic start (Default)DIP 5: ONDIP 6: OFFManual (re) startDIP 5: OFFDIP 6: ONManual cold startDIP 5: ONDIP 6: ONManual start with offfunction 6OFF7External Device Monitor OFF—8MutingOFFFor details, seepublication 450L-UM001in Additional Resourceon page4 9OFF10OFF11OFF12—OFF—Distancetoreferenceplane(forexample,ground)2Rockwell Automation Publication 450L-IN009A-EN-P - March 2022Rockwell Automation Publication 450L-IN009A-EN-P - March 20223GuardShield 450L PAC Safety Light Curtain Installation InstructionsCE Marking and EC ConformityThe present product complies with the requirements of the current European and national directives: 2006/42/EC (Machinery); 2014/30/EU (EMC); 2011/65/EU (ROHS) Conformity has been verified. The corresponding declaration can be downloaded at rok.auto/certifications . Rockwell Automation B.V.; Rivium Promenade 160; 2909 LM Capelle aan den ljssel; The Netherlands.Table 2 - Status Indicators on a 450L PAC GuardShield Light Curtain (Colors and Functions) for Normal OperationNo.MarkingStatusIndicator NameColorBehavior Description 1STSStatus indicatorGreen On Power on and system is OK Green Red Blinking Configuration that is changed or receiver was operated previously with another transmitter (see 450L-UM001 in Additional Resource on page 4)Green Off Blinking See Troubleshooting in 450L-UM001 in Additional Resource onpage 4Off RedBlinking Red On 2Transmitter GreenOnPlug-in identifies stick as atransmitterBlinking 1 Hz (50:50)See Troubleshooting in 450L-UM001 in Additional Resource onpage 4 Blinking 1 Hz (98:2)Reduced range and/or beamcoding is activatedOff Stick is receiver 3ReceiverGreen OnPlug-in identifies stick as areceiver Blinking 1 Hz (98:2)Reduced range and/or beamcoding is activated—Off Stick is transmitter 4OUTSafety outputs Green On Safety outputs are on (receiver)Red On Safety outputs are off (receiver)—Off Transmitter5Regional light intensity level 1Green OnBottom half zone is not interrupted, and intensity is OKBlinking 1 Hz (50:50)Bottom half zone intensity is at the limit—Off Bottom half zone interrupted 6Regional light intensity level 2Green OnTop half zone is not interrupted,and intensity is OKBlinking 1 Hz (50:50)Top half zone intensity is at the limit—Off Top half zone interrupted 7RES StartAmber On Start required (receiver)—Off No start is required (receiver)8MUT Muting Orange Off Light curtain that is not muted On Light curtain that is mutedOrange OffBlinking Muting error9BLKBlanking (not supported on 450L PAC)————————————10CAS CascadingRedOffNo cascading plug-in that isinserted or Tx OSSDs of connected cascade are in ONstate (Rx only)OnOSSDs of connected cascade are in OFF state (Rx only)RedOffBlinkingError cascading plug-inATTENTION: A 450L GuardShield™ safety light curtain system is intended to be part of the safety-related control system of a machine. Before installation, perform a thorough riskassessment to determine whether the specifications of this device are suitable for all foreseeable operational and environmental characteristics of the application.The following applications and/or environmental conditions can lead to misuse and potentially cause severe injuries or death (for more information see IEC 62046):•Machines that eject materials, swarf, or component parts •Risk of injury from thermal or other radiation •Unacceptable noise levels •Transparent objects are detected •An environment that exceeds the specification limitsprovided in publication 450L-UM001.Some but not all possible limits are electrostatic discharge, radio frequency interference, vibration/shock, ambient light, pollution, temperature, and humidity.Without additional measures (IEC 62998), 450L-PACGuardShield safety light curtains are not designed to be used in the following applications:•Outdoors •Under water •Explosive atmospheres •Altitudes over 3000 m (1.86 miles) above sea level •With enhanced ionizing or radar radiation ATTENTION: The protective system must be tested for proper operation after each change to the configuration. The 450L GuardShield safety light curtain cannot be used with machines that cannot be stopped electrically in an emergency. Always maintain the required safety distance (see publication 450L-UM001 in Additional Resource on page 4) between the 450L GuardShield safety light curtain and a dangerous machine movement. Additional mechanical protective devices have to be installed if hazardous machine elements can be reached without passing through the protective field. Improperinstallation can result in serious injury or death. Never connect the safety outputs (OSSDs) to +24V DC. The Auxiliary output is only a status output for diagnosis purposes, for example, to connect an indicator lamp. Do not connect this output to fulfill safety functions. If the safety outputs are connected to +24V DC, they are in the ON state and cannot stop hazardous machine/application movements. Do not open or attempt to repair or modify the 450L safety light curtain. Removal of either of the gray safety light curtain end caps or the transparent front window voids the warranty terms of this product. Do not insert or remove plug-ins when power is applied to the plug-in. Make sure that the power supply is protected against overload (fuse with 3 A in the 24V DC circuit). Installation must be in accordance with the publication 450L-UM001 in Additional Resource on page 4 and implemented by qualified personnel exclusively.Damage occurs to the light curtain when screws are overtightened. To avoid pollution or contamination, theinstallation of a plug-in into a stick must be implemented in a dry and clean area. Make sure that the rubber seal at the plug-in does not get out of place when the plug-in is inserted in the light curtain.Publication 450L-IN009A-EN-P - March 2022Copyright © 2022 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A.Rockwell Otomasyon Ticaret A.Ş. Kar Plaza İş Merkezi E Blok Kat:6 34752 İçerenköy, İstanbul, Tel: +90 (216) 5698400 EEE Yönetmeliğine UygundurAllen-Bradley, expanding human possibility, Guardmaster, GuardShield, and Rockwell Automation are trademarks of Rockwell Automation, Inc.Trademarks not belonging to Rockwell Automation are property of their respective companies.Your comments help us serve your documentation needs better. If you have any suggestions on how to improve our content, complete the form at rok.auto/docfeedback .For technical support, visit rok.auto/support.PN-63961610006238370 Ver 00Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)Rockwell Automation maintains current product environmental compliance information on its website at rok.auto/pec .At the end of life, this equipment should be collected separately from any unsorted municipal waste.Additional ResourceTo download publications, visit rok.auto/literature and search for the following publication numbers.Table 3 - Pin Assignment Connection Plug-inFor cascading plug-in (catalog number 450L-APC-IO-8, see publication 450L-UM001).Stick Behavior Plug-in Cat. No.Pin 1(1)Tx=Transmitter, Rx=Receiver (2)If set with DIP switches.(3)For muting applications, see publication 450L-UM001 in Additional Resource .(4)Pin 4 connected to pin 8 (short circuited).Plug Type ResourceDescriptionGuardShield Safety Light Curtain User Manual, publication 450L-UM001Provides product-specific guidelines for installing the 450L-B and 450L-E POC and 450L-PAC safety light curtain systems.Product Certifications website, rok.auto/certificationsProvides declarations of conformity, certificates, and other certification details.。

px4flow使用方法

px4flow使用方法PX4FLOW是一款光流传感器，它可以用于无人机的自主导航和避障。

本文将介绍PX4FLOW的使用方法和注意事项。

PX4FLOW的安装非常简单，只需将其连接到飞控系统上的I2C接口即可。

在连接之前，请确保飞控系统已正确安装并设置好。

一旦PX4FLOW连接到飞控系统，您需要在相应的地方进行配置。

在PX4 Autopilot中，您可以通过QGroundControl界面进入参数配置页面。

找到"SENS_FLOW_*"参数，将其设置为PX4FLOW的正确地址和端口。

在配置完成后，您可以开始使用PX4FLOW进行光流定位和避障。

首先，您需要确保PX4FLOW的光传感器面向地面。

这样，当无人机在空中悬停时，PX4FLOW可以通过感知地面上的光流变化来确定自身的位置和运动状态。

在使用PX4FLOW进行定位时，您需要注意以下几点。

首先，确保环境的光照条件良好，避免出现过强或过弱的光线。

其次，避免在高速飞行或强风的情况下使用PX4FLOW，因为这可能会影响光流传感器的性能。

此外，如果无人机离开地面太远，PX4FLOW可能无法提供准确的定位信息，因此请确保飞行高度适中。

除了定位功能，PX4FLOW还可以用于无人机的避障。

通过检测地面上的障碍物，PX4FLOW可以提供避障建议，帮助无人机避免碰撞。

要启用避障功能，您需要根据PX4 Autopilot的指引，在QGroundControl中进行相应的配置。

在使用PX4FLOW进行避障时，需要注意以下几点。

首先，保持无人机稳定悬停，以便PX4FLOW可以正确感知障碍物。

其次，避免在密集障碍物区域进行高速飞行，以减少碰撞的风险。

此外，PX4FLOW 只能检测地面上的障碍物，对于空中的障碍物无法提供有效的避障建议。

总结一下，PX4FLOW是一款功能强大的光流传感器，可用于无人机的自主导航和避障。

使用PX4FLOW时，您需要正确安装和配置，并注意光照条件、飞行高度和飞行速度等因素。

PX4无人机传感器介绍

PX4无人机传感器介绍PX4是一款开源的飞控软件，支持多种无人机平台，包括多旋翼、固定翼和垂直起降飞机。

为了实现高效且安全的飞行控制，PX4使用了各种传感器来获取飞行器的状态信息。

在本文中，我们将详细介绍PX4常用的传感器。

1. 加速度计（Accelerometer）：加速度计用于测量飞行器在三个轴上的加速度，即飞行器的加速度状态。

通过检测加速度计所受到的力，可以计算出飞行器的姿态、速度和位移。

PX4通常使用三轴加速度计，即x轴、y轴和z轴。

加速度计常用于姿态估计，导航和高度控制等任务。

2. 陀螺仪（Gyroscope）：陀螺仪用于测量飞行器在三个轴上的角速度，即飞行器的旋转速率。

通过检测陀螺仪所受到的力矩，可以计算出飞行器的旋转角度。

PX4通常使用三轴陀螺仪，即x轴、y轴和z轴。

陀螺仪常用于姿态估计，导航和控制等任务。

3. 磁力计（Magnetometer）：磁力计用于测量地球磁场对飞行器的影响，即飞行器的地磁状态。

通过检测磁力计所受到的磁场强度，可以计算出飞行器的方向和位置。

PX4通常使用三轴磁力计，即x轴、y轴和z轴。

磁力计常用于导航，姿态估计和指南针校准等任务。

4. 气压计（Barometer）：气压计用于测量飞行器所处的气压，即飞行器的高度状态。

通过检测气压计所受到的气压变化，可以计算出飞行器的高度和气压变化率。

PX4通常使用基于压电效应的气压计。

气压计常用于高度控制，导航和气象测量等任务。

5. 光流传感器（Optical Flow Sensor）：光流传感器用于测量飞行器相对于地面的水平位移。

通过检测光流传感器所接收到的光的位移，可以计算出飞行器的相对位移。

PX4通常使用光流传感器来实现悬停、降落和避障等任务。

6. GPS（Global Positioning System）：GPS用于测量飞行器的全球定位信息，包括经度、纬度、海拔和速度等。

通过接收卫星发射的信号，GPS可以计算出飞行器的当前位置和速度。

OMEGA HHLM-1MV 光传感器说明书

OMEGAHHLM-1MVLight TransducerOMEGAnet On-Line Service Internet e-mail **************For immediate technical or application assistance:USA and Canada:Mexico and Latin America:Sales Service: 1-800-826-6342 / 1-800-TC-OMEGA Tel: (95) 800-TC-OMEGA Customer Service: 1-800-622-2378 / 1-800-622-BEST FAX: (95) 203-359-7807Engineering Service: 1-800-872-9436 / 1-800-USA-WHEN En Español: (203) 359-7803TELEX: 996404 EASYLINK: 62968934 CABLE: OMEGAe-mail:*****************Servicing North America:USA: ISO 9001 Certified Canada:One Omega Drive, Box 4047976 Bergar Stamford, CT 06907-0047Laval (Quebec) H7L5A1Tel: (203) 359-1660Tel: (514) 856-6928FAX: (203)359-7700FAX: (514) 856-6886e-mail:**************e-mail:**************Servicing Europe:Benelux:Postbus 8034, 1180 LA Amstelveen,The NetherlandsTel: (31) 20 6418405 FAX: (31) 20 6434643Toll Free in Benelux: 06 0993344e-mail:************Czech Republic:ul. Rude armady 1868, 733 01 Karvina-Hranice, Czech RepubicTel: 420 (69) 6311627 FAX: 420 (69)6311114e-mail:***************France:9, rue Denis Papin, 78190 TrappesTel: (33) 130-621-400 FAX: (33)130-699-120Toll Free in France: 0800-4-06342e-mail:****************Germany/Austria:Daimlerstrasse 26, D-75392Deckenpfronn, GermanyTel: 49 (07056) 3017 FAX: 49 (07056) 8540TollFreeinGermany************e-mail:*****************United Kingdom: ISO 9002 Certified One Omega DriveRiverbend Technology Centre Northbank, Irlam,Manchester, M44 5EX, EnglandTel: 44 (161) 777-6611 FAX: 44 (161) 777-6622Toll Free in England: 0800-488-488e-mail:***************.ukINTRODUCTIONThis instrument is a portable easy use, compact-sized light transducer designed for simple one hand operation. Provides lux unit measurements.SAFETY INFORMATIONIt is recommended that you read the safety and operation instructions before using the lightmeter.WARNING•To avoid electric shock, do not operate this product in wet or damp conditions.•To avoid injury or fire hazard, do not operate this product in an explosive atmosphere.•To avoid eye injury, wear eye protection if there is a possibility of exposure to high-intensity rays.•Do not immerse in liquids, clean the sensor head using only a damp cloth.•Cover sensor head when not in use to extend silicon photodiode sensor life. The symbol on the instrument indicates that the operator must refer to an explanation in this manual.SPECIFICATIONSGENERALLow battery indication: the "Red LED" is displayed when the battery voltage drops below the operating level.Operating Environment: 0°C to 50°C at < 70% relative humidity.Storage Temperature: -20°C to 60°C, 0 to 80% R.H. with battery removed from meter.Accuracy: Stated accuracy at 23°C ± 5°C, <70% relative humidity. Battery: 4 pcs 1.5V (AAA size).Battery Life: 200 hours typical.Dimensions: 170mm(H) x 44mm(W) x 40mm(D).Weight: 200g including batteries.ELECTRICALPhotometric Formulas:10.764·footcandles=lux (lumens/meter 2)0.0929·lux=footcandles (lumens/foot 2)Rangescale:DMM to 200.0mV range¸10(20lux), x1(200lux)x10(2000lux), x100(20000lux)x1000(200000lux)Resolution: 0.01luxSpectral response: CIE photopicAcceptance angle: ¦¢2<2% cosine corrected (150°)Total accuracy for CIE standard illuminant A (2856K): ±(3%rdg + 10dgts)The CIE photopic curve is an international standard for the color responseof the average human eyeCIE standard illuminant A can be realised by means of CIE standard source A, which is defined as: A gas-filled tungsten-filament lamp operating at a correlated colour temperature of 2856K Temperature Coefficient: 0.1x (specified accuracy)/°C (<18°C or >28°C)OPERATING INSTRUCTIONSPush buttonsRange Select ButtonPress "RANGE" button to select the desired lux range. Each time you press "RANGE" button, the range (and the input range annunciator) incremants, and a new value is displayed.OPERATION1. Plug the light transducer test leads into the Vdc input jack and common or ground input jack on the DMM. Observe polarity.2. Set the DMM to the 200mV range only.3. Set the light transducer power switch to the desired range (use range button select 20lux, 200lux, 2000lux, 20000lux) or only 200000lux range.4. Remove the sensor head cover.5. Hold the sensor head steady and make certain that the light source completely fills the cosine correction dome.6. Move away from the sensor head to avoid shadowing it. The sensor head hasa 1.5 meter cable to allow separation between the observer and the measure-ment location.7. DMM reading multiplies light transducer illuminance value. If magnitude of lux is not known, press light transducer RANGE button to the highest range and reduce until a satisfactory reading is obtained.8. Cover sensor head to extend sensor life.SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS•Keep the plastic domed cosine corrector clean and free of scratches. It may be cleaned with a soft cloth and isopropyl alcohol.•When light is received from many directions simultaneously, take special care to avoid reflections or shadowing the sensor with your body.•For best accuracy, repeat the measurement several times to ensure that the light source has remained stable.•Avoid flexing the cable excessively at either end of the cable.•The Inverse-square LawThe law stating that the illuminance E at a point on a surface varies directly with the intensity I of a point source, and inversely as the square of the distance d between the source and the point. If the surface at the point is normal to the direction of the incident light, the law is expressed by E=I/d2.•Cosine LawThe law that the illuminance on any surface varies as the cosine of the angle of incidence. The angle of incidence q is the angle between the normal to the surface and the direction of the incident light. The inverse-square low and the cosine law can be combined as E=(I cos q )/d2.CleaningPeriodically wipe the case with a damp cloth and detergent, do not use abrasives or solvents.CIE Photopic CurveL u m i n o u s E f f i c i e n c y C o e f f i c i e n tL u m e n /W a t t C o n v e r s i o n F a c t o rWavelength in NanometersV l C I E P h o t o p i c P h o t o p i c W a v e l e n g t h L u m i n o u s L u m e n /W a t t (n m )E f f c i e n c y C o n v e r s i o n C o e f f i c i e n tF a c t o r 3800.00000.053900.00010.134000.00040.274100.00120.824200.00402.734300.01167.914400.023015.74500.038025.94600.060040.94700.091062.14800.139094.84900.2080142.05000.3230220.05100.5030343.05200.7100484.05300.8620588.05400.9540650.05500.9950679.05551.0000683.05600.9950679.05700.9520649.05800.8700593.05900.7570516.06000.6310430.06100.5030343.06200.3810260.06300.2650181.06400.1750119.06500.107073.06600.061041.46700.032021.86800.017011.66900.00825.597000.00412.787100.00211.437200.00100.7167300.00050.3557400.00030.1707500.00010.8207600.00010.041WARRANTYOMEGA warrants this unit to be free of defects in materials and workmanship and to give satisfactory service for a period of 13 months from date of purchase. OMEGA Warranty adds an additional one (1) month grace period to the normal one (1) year product warranty to cover handling and shipping time. This ensures that OMEGA's customers receive maximum coverage on each product. If the unit should malfunction, it must be returned to the factory for evaluation. OMEGA's Customer Service Department will issue an Authorized Return (AR) number immediately upon phone or written request. Upon examination by OMEGA, if the unit is found to be defective it will be repaired or replaced at no charge. However, this WARRANTY is VOID if the unit shows evidence of having been tampered with or shows evidence of being damaged as a result of excessive corrosion; or current, heat moisture or vibration; improper specification; misapplication; misuse or other operating conditions outside of OMEGA's control. Components which wear or which are damaged by misuse are not warranted. This includes contact points, fuses, and triacs. OMEGA is glad to offer suggestions on the of use of its various products. Nevertheless, OMEGA only warrants that the parts manufactured by it will be as specified and free of defectsOMEGA MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS OF ANY KIND WHATSOEVER, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, EXCEPT THAT OF TITLE AND ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE HEREBY DISCLAIMED.LIMITATION OF LIABILITY: The remedies of purchaser set forth herein are exclusive and the total liability of OMEGA with respect to this order, whether based on contract warranty, negligence, indemnification, strict liability or otherwise, shall not exceed the purchase price of the component upon which liability is based. In no event shall OMEGA be liable for consequential, incidental or special damages.Every precaution for accuracy has been taken in the preparation of this manual; however, OMEGA ENGINEERING, INC. neither assumes responsibility for any omissions or errors that may appear nor assumes liability for any damages that result from the use of the products in accordance with the information contained in the manual.SPECIAL CONDITION: Should this equipment be used in or with any nuclear installation or activity, purchaser will indemnity OMEGA and hold OMEGA harmless from any liability or damage whatsoever arising out of the use of the equipment in such a manner.It is the policy of OMEGA to comply with all worldwide safety and EMC/EMI regulations that apply. OMEGA is constantly pursuing certification of its products to the European New Approach Directives. OMEGA will add the CE mark to every appropriate device upon certification.The information contained in this document is believed to be correct but OMEGA Engineering, Inc. accepts no liability for any errors it contains, and reserves the right to alter specifications without notice.WARNING: These products are not designed for use in, and should not be used for, patient connected application.RETURN REQUESTS / INQUIRIESDirect all warranty and repair requests/inquiries to the OMEGA Customer Service Department. BEFORE RETURNING ANY PRODUCT(S) TO OMEGA, PURCHASER MUST OBTAIN AN AUTHORIZED RETURN (AR) NUMBER FROM OMEGA'S CUSTOMER SERVICE DEP ARTMENT (IN ORDER TO AVOID PROCESSING DELAYS). The assigned AR number should then be marked on the outside of the return package and on any correspondence.The purchaser is responsible for shipping charges, freight, insurance and proper packaging to prevent breakage in transit.FOR WARRANTY RETURNS, please have the following information available BEFORE contacting OMEGA: 1.P.O. number under which the product wasPURCHASED.2.Model and serial number of the product underwarranty, and3.Repair instructions and/or specific problems relativeto the product.FOR NON-WARRANTY REPAIRS, consult OMEGA for current repair charges. Have the following information available BEFORE contacting OMEGA:1.P.O. number to cover the COST of the repair.2.Model and serial number of product , and3.Repair instructions and/or specific problems relativeto the product.OMEGA's policy is to make running changes, not model changes, whenever an improvement is possible. This affords our customers the latest in technology and engineering. OMEGA is a registered trademark of OMEGA ENGINEERING, INC. © Copyright 1999 OMEGA ENGINEERING, INC. All rights reserved. This document may not be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated, or reduced to any electronic medium or machine-readable from, in whole or in part, without prior written consent of OMEGA ENGINEERING, INC.Where Do I Find Everything I Need for Process Measurement and Control?OMEGA...Of Course!HEATERSþHeating CableþCartridge & Strip HeatersþImmersion & Band HeatersþFlexible HeatersþLaboratory HeatersPRESSURE/STRAIN AND FORCE þTransducers & Strain GaugesþLoad Cells & Pressure GaugesþDisplacement TransducersþInstrumentation & AccessoriesFLOW/LEVELþRotameters, Gas Mass Flowmeters & Flow Computers þAir Velocity IndicatorsþTurbine/Paddlewheel SystemsþTotalizers & Batch Controllers TEMPERATUREþThermocouple, RTD & ThermistorProbes, Connectors, Panels &AssembliesþWire: Thermocouple, RTD &ThermistorþCalibrators & Ice Point ReferencesþRecorders, Controllers & ProcessMonitorsþInfrared PyrometersENVIRONMENTALMONITORING AND CONTROLþMetering & Control InstrumentationþRefractometersþPumps & TubingþAir, Soil & Water MonitorsþIndustrial Water & WastewaterTreatmentþpH, Conductivity & DissolvedOxygen InstrumentspH/CONDUCTIVITYþpH Electrodes, Testers &AccessoriesþBenchtop/Laboratory MetersþControllers, Calibrators,Simulators & PumpsþIndustrial pH & ConductivityEquipmentDATA ACQUISITIONþData Acquisition & EngineeringSoftwareþCommunications-BasedAcquisition SystemsþPlug-in Cards for Apple, IBM& CompatiblesþDatalogging SystemsþRecorders, Printers & PlottersM-2858/0799。

光纤电流传感器使用方法

光纤电流传感器使用方法
光纤电流传感器是一种用来测量电流的传感器，它通过光纤来传输信号。

1. 连接电源: 先将光纤电流传感器连接到相应的电源上。

2. 安装测试线圈: 将测试线圈安装在电流要测量的电路上。

3. 连接光纤: 将光纤电流传感器的光纤连接到测试线圈上。

4. 配置参数: 使用配套的软件或者控制器对光纤电流传感器进行参数配置。

5. 开始测量: 开始进行电流测量，通过配套软件或者控制器获取测量结果。

6. 数据处理: 将测量结果进行数据处理，并存储或者进行进一步的分析。

使用时需注意电流值不能超过传感器的测量范围, 并且光纤的连接要牢固，避免灵敏度降低。

光学传感器 OUSAF12 操作手册说明书

Products Solutions Services操作手册OUSAF12光学传感器，与流通式安装支架OUA260配套使用，用于吸光度测量BA00497C/28/ZH/03.21715428432021-07-31文档信息OUSAF122Endress+Hauser1文档信息1.1警告1.2信息图标附加信息，提示允许或推荐的操作禁止或不推荐的操作参见设备文档参考页面参考图操作结果1.3 设备上的图标参见设备文档资料此类产品不可作为未分类城市垃圾废弃处置。

必须遵循规定条件将产品寄回制造商废弃处置。

OUSAF12基本安全指南Endress+Hauser32基本安全指南2.1人员要求•仅允许经培训的专业技术人员进行测量系统的安装、调试、操作和维护。

•执行特定操作的技术人员必须经工厂厂方授权。

•仅允许电工进行设备的电气连接。

•技术人员必须阅读《操作手册》，理解并遵守其中的各项规定。

•仅允许经专业培训的授权人员进行测量点故障排除。

仅允许制造商或其服务机构直接进行《操作手册》中未描述的维修操作。

2.2 指定用途传感器用于液体介质的可见光/近红外光吸光度测量。

传感器满足各类应用要求在工业领域内应用广泛，例如：•悬浮固体浓度测量•制药和生物技术•化工行业•造纸与纸浆行业•中间相检测•食品与饮料行业•化工行业•油气行业•离心机和分离器控制除本文档指定用途外，其他任何用途均有可能对人员和整个测量系统的安全造成威胁，禁止使用。

由于不恰当使用，或用于非指定用途而导致的设备损坏，制造商不承担任何责任。

2.3 工作场所安全用户有责任且必须遵守下列安全标准的要求：•安装指南•地方标准和法规•防爆保护法规电磁兼容性•产品通过电磁兼容性（EMC）测试，符合国际工业应用的适用标准要求。

•仅完全按照本《操作手册》说明进行接线的产品才符合电磁兼容性（EMC）要求。

2.4操作安全在进行整个测量点调试之前：1.检查并确认所有连接均正确。

光照传感器使用手册说明书

光照传感器使用手册目录目录 (2)1.功能简介 (3)1.1.功能概述 (3)1.2.性能特点 (3)1.3.基本参数 (3)1.4.光照参数 (3)1.5.系统框架图 (4)1.6.探头参数与选型 (5)2.设备安装 (6)2.1.设备安装前检查 (6)2.2.接口说明 (6)2.3.安装说明 (6)3.基础调试 (7)3.1.传感器接入电脑 (7)3.2.传感器监控软件的使用 (7)3.3.修改波特率和设备ID (8)4.通信协议 (9)4.1.通讯基本参数 (9)4.2.数据帧格式定义 (9)4.3.寄存器地址 (10)4.4.通讯协议示例以及解释 (10)读取光照度值 (10)查询与修改设备波特率 (10)查询与修改设备地址 (11)5.设备无法连接到PLC或电脑 (12)6.包装售后 (12)6.1.产品包装清单 (12)6.2.联系方式 (12)6.3.质保与售后 (12)6.4.免责声明 (13)7.更新历史 (13)附录：CRC校验函数 (14)1.功能简介1.1.功能概述该变送器广泛适用于农业大棚、花卉培养等需要光照度监测的场合。

传感器内输入电源，感应探头，信号输出三部分完全隔离。

安全可靠，外观美观，安装方便。

1.2.性能特点本产品采用高灵敏度的感光探头，信号稳定，精度高。

具有测量范围宽、线形度好、防水性能好、使用方便、便于安装、传输距离远等特点。

1.3.基本参数参数名称参数内容直流供电（默认）12-24V DC最大功耗（RS485输出）＜0.4W光照强度精度±5%(25℃)光照强度0-65535Lux/0-20万Lux长期稳定性（光照强度）≤5%/y输出信号RS485输出(Mondbus协议)1.4.光照参数图1.不同波长光线对光照度影响如图1所示，波长在580nm左右最准确，比例系数为 1.图2.光照角度影响示意图如图2所示角度对光照准确度影响较大，用户使用时应注意角度的变化，以正上方为照射基准。

光流计的原理及应用方法

光流计的原理及应用方法1. 什么是光流计光流计（Optical Flow）是一种计算机视觉技术，用于追踪图像中移动物体的运动。

光流计能够根据连续的图像帧，计算出图像中每个像素点的运动方向和速度。

2. 光流计的原理光流计的原理基于光学流动现象，即当物体发生运动时，由于相机视野中的像素点会在连续的图像帧中移动。

通过比较两个连续的图像帧，光流计能够计算出每个像素点的位移，从而得到物体的运动信息。

光流计的原理可以简单地描述如下： 1. 假设相邻两帧图像之间的像素点的亮度保持不变。

2. 通过对比两个连续的图像帧，计算出每个像素点的位移。

3. 根据像素点的位移，计算出物体的运动方向和速度。

光流计的原理基于一些假设，例如亮度不变假设。

因此，在实际应用中，光流计可能会受到场景光照、纹理不连续等因素的影响，导致计算结果不准确。

3. 光流计的应用方法光流计在计算机视觉和机器人领域有着广泛的应用。

下面列举了光流计的一些常见应用方法：3.1. 目标追踪光流计可以通过计算物体在图像中的位移，实现对物体的追踪。

通过连续计算物体的光流，可以预测物体的运动轨迹，并用于目标跟踪和行为分析等任务。

3.2. 视频稳定利用光流计的计算结果，可以将图像中的摄像头抖动进行补偿，从而实现视频的稳定。

这在图像增强、视频采集和监控等应用中具有重要意义。

3.3. 基于光流的视差计算光流计的计算结果可以用于计算图像中不同像素点之间的视差，进而实现三维深度信息的估计。

这在机器人导航、三维建模和增强现实等领域具有重要应用价值。

3.4. 动作识别通过分析连续图像帧之间的光流信息，可以实现对人类行为的识别。

例如，检测人体的动作和姿态，并应用于运动捕捉、人机交互和智能安防等领域。

3.5. 移动机器人导航光流计可以用于移动机器人的导航和避障。

通过计算环境中物体的光流，可以感知机器人周围的障碍物，并实现自主导航和路径规划。

4. 总结光流计是一种计算机视觉技术，利用连续的图像帧计算图像中物体的运动信息。

室外用的光流模块

室外用的光流模块
光流模块是一种用于室外的传感器，它可以通过分析图像中的运动信息来确定物体的位置和速度。

以下是关于室外光流模块的介绍：
- 特点：激光高度计功率大，在室外强光条件下也能稳定工作。

- 安装方向：SENS_FLOW_ROT参数设置为0，具体安装方向需根据实际情况而定。

- 坐标系：需设置EKF2_OF_POS_X、EKF2_OF_POS_Y、EKF2_OF_POS_Z、EKF2_RNG_POS_X、EKF2_RNG_POS_Y、EKF2_RNG_POS_Z等参数，这些参数是机体NED坐标系下的。

- 模式设置：推荐使用定高模式（altitude），高度控制有控制器介入，姿态控制和stabilized一致，该模式不需要额外传感器，只要飞控带气压计即可。

总之，室外光流模块是一种高精度、小巧精干的传感器，可以帮助无人机等设备实现精确的定位和导航。

在使用光流模块时，需要进行正确的配置和校准，以确保其性能达到最佳状态。

高速通信网络中的光传感器技术的使用方法

高速通信网络中的光传感器技术的使用方法随着科技进步和通信需求的不断增长，高速通信网络在如今的社会中扮演着至关重要的角色。

在这个信息时代，高速通信网络的性能和效率对于日常生活和商业运作具有举足轻重的意义。

光传感器技术作为现代高速通信网络中的一个重要组成部分，能够有效地提升数据传输速度和质量。

本文将重点探讨高速通信网络中光传感器技术的使用方法，并介绍其作用和优势。

首先，我们需要了解什么是光传感器技术。

光传感器技术是指利用光学原理和光敏材料来检测和测量光信号的一种技术。

在高速通信网络中，光传感器被用作一种光电转换器件，用于将光信号转换为电信号。

这种技术的关键是利用光电二极管或光电倍增管等器件将光信号转换为电信号，并通过电信号进行数据传输。

在高速通信网络中使用光传感器技术有许多优势。

首先，光传感器具有高响应速度和高频率特性，可以快速而准确地转换光信号，从而提高了通信系统的数据传输速度。

其次，光传感器具有较低的噪声和较高的灵敏度，可以在长距离传输中保持信号的清晰和稳定。

此外，光传感器还具有较小的电磁干扰和较长的寿命，有效地提升了通信系统的稳定性和可靠性。

在高速通信网络中，光传感器技术的使用方法如下所述。

首先，光纤接入技术是高速通信网络中应用光传感器的一种常见方式。

光纤接入技术是指将光纤作为传输媒介，利用光传感器将光信号转换为电信号，并通过光纤进行数据传输。

在实际应用中，可以使用不同类型的光传感器，如光电二极管和光电倍增管等，来实现光信号的转换和传输。

光纤接入技术具有传输速度快、抗干扰能力强等优点，可以满足高速通信网络中大量数据传输的需求。

其次，光传感器还可以应用于光纤通信中的数据中心。

随着云计算和大数据的发展，数据中心在高速通信网络中扮演着重要角色。

光传感器的使用使得数据中心可以更高效地处理和传输大量数据。

例如，借助光传感器技术，数据中心可以使用光纤互连网络来连接服务器、存储设备和路由器等设备，实现超高速数据传输和实时数据处理。

光流传感器的工作原理

光流传感器的工作原理光流传感器（Optical Flow Sensor），是一种用于测量相机在运动过程中相对于环境的速度和方向的传感器。

它通过分析连续图像帧之间的光流信息来实现运动测量，被广泛应用于无人机、机器人和虚拟现实等领域。

光流传感器的工作原理基于光流现象，即物体在相机视野中移动时，其像素点会产生相对于相机的位移。

光流传感器利用这种位移信息来计算相机的运动速度和方向。

光流传感器通常由一个光学系统和一个图像处理模块组成。

光学系统负责将外界光线聚焦到图像传感器上，而图像传感器则负责将光线转化为电信号。

图像处理模块接收到传感器输出的连续图像帧，然后通过分析图像中的光流信息来计算相机的运动。

在光流计算过程中，首先需要对相邻两帧图像进行匹配，找出相同像素点在两帧图像中的位置。

这通常通过搜索窗口来实现，即在当前帧图像中以某个像素为中心，搜索在上一帧图像中的对应位置。

然后，利用匹配到的像素点位置信息，可以计算出它们之间的位移向量。

位移向量的大小和方向代表了相机在图像平面上的运动速度和方向。

一般情况下，位移向量的大小与像素点的亮度变化有关，而方向与像素点的梯度方向有关。

光流传感器可以根据位移向量的计算结果来估计相机的运动。

通过对多个像素点的位移向量进行平均或加权平均，可以得到相机的整体运动速度和方向。

这些运动信息可以用于导航、避障、稳定相机等应用中。

光流传感器的工作原理使其具有一些优势。

首先，相比于其他运动测量方法，如惯性测量单元（IMU），光流传感器在测量平面运动时更精确。

其次，光流传感器可以实现实时运动测量，输出频率较高，适用于需要快速响应的应用场景。

此外，光流传感器的成本相对较低，体积较小，易于集成到各种设备中。

然而，光流传感器也存在一些限制。

首先，光流传感器对于光照条件较差的环境不太适用，因为光线的变化会影响图像中的亮度信息，进而影响光流计算的准确性。

其次，光流传感器只能测量相机在平面上的运动，对于相机的旋转运动无法进行准确测量。

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光流传感器使用说明
第一步：连接传感器至APM2.5
∙连接VCC, GND, MISO, MOSI, SCLK 和NCS 引脚，如下图所示。

∙断开板子背面的MISOLVL 跳线，重新焊接使MISO 引脚工作在3.3v。

这非常重要，确保光流传感器不会干扰MPU6000。

如下图所示。

第二步：测试传感器
∙把AP_OpticalFlow_test.pde 项目加载到APM 中
∙用串口监视器或AP 任务规划器终端连接APM
∙输入'c'，确保传感器相应APM
∙输入'm'，把摄像头前后启动，检查x,y 值变化。

如果没有变化，左右旋转镜头调整焦距第三步：从传感器捕获图像
为了检查你的镜头是否对焦合适，你可以从传感器直接捕捉一张图片，并用一个Python 写的查看器显示该图片。

1把AP_OpticalFlow_test.pde 上传到APM (参见上方)
2安装Python 2.7 (或更新的版本) /getit/
3启动Python IDLE 编辑器
4File,Open ADNS3080ImageGrabber.py
5Run, Run Module - 会先出现Python 命令行，然后出现ADNS3080ImageGrabber 程序6在ADNS3080ImageGrabber 界面, 把默认com 端口改成APM 用的端口，点击Open
按Send 按钮启动/停止捕获图片(每2 秒应该出一张新图片)
注: 你可以在Python 命令行窗口看见AP_OpticalFlow_ADNS3080 的菜单和任何错误提示
工作原理
鼠标传感器返回它看见的表面特征的平均运动（x 和y 方向）。

单个像素点的运动不会使传感器输出"1"。

它会返回一个更高的 5 左右的值。

这个值在下面成为scaler*。

在下面的例子中，返回值大约是 1.6 ( (-5+5+5) / 3)
传感器的x 和y 值可以根据高度转换为实际距离
为了把传感器输出值转换成实际运动的距离，我们需要考虑高度。

从下面的两张图中可以看到，如果两个四轴运动了同样距离，但是一个低，一个高，低的一个会看到表面特征运动得更远，所以光流数值会更大。

我们弥补飞行器侧倾和俯仰变化
飞行器的侧倾和俯仰的变化也将导致传感器返回的X和Y值的变化。

与横向运动的计算不同，这些都不依赖于可见物体的距离。

在下面的图片中，你可以看到的四轴已经侧倾了10度，但第一张图中视角中心的两个花都移到了第二张图片的视角边缘。

传感器值预期的变化可以根据下面的公式用侧倾和俯仰的变化算出。

我们把这些预期的变化从传感器返回的实际值中减去。

我们得到的x/y 轴的运动后，就可以与当前的偏航相结合结合，用于估计位置。