英语句式类型

英语：高二语法复习（新人教版）（1）

英语句式类型

一、分类

1）按照句式结构分为三种：简单句、并列句、复合句

2）按照句子功能分为四类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句

第一节简单句

一、定义：简单句只包含一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语构成的句子，且句子的各个成分都是由单词或短语来组成的。

二、分类：

类型1：S + V。该句型中谓语动词为不及物动词，后面不可接宾语，但可接状语或其他成分例：Nobody went out.

The children are playing.

We study hard.

类型2：S + V + O. 该句型中的谓语为及物动词，后面必须接宾语，且只能接一个宾语。

例：We love our country.

The old woman looks after the baby carefully.

He dreamed a terrible dream last night.

类型3：S + V + O(人) + O(物)该句型中的动词为双宾语动词，后面必须接两个宾语。该类动词主要有：give, show, send, pass, lend, return, promise, owe; make, buy, do, fetch, paint, save, spare, find等例：He gave his sister the piano.

He gave the piano to his sister.

He bought his wife a coat.

He bought a coat for his wife.

类型4：S + V + O + C该句型中的谓语动词后面必须接宾语，且还要用一个补足语来补充说明宾语的状态。

例：I found the book easy.

The teacher told us to study hard.

We heard him singing.

类型5：S + L + P该句型中的L为系动词，后常接表语。注意：1）该句型无被动；2）无进行；3）作非谓语时常用V-ing形式。

例：The flower is beautiful.

He is a teacher.

系动词分类：

1）变化系动词：turn, become, grow, fall, get, go, come, run等

例：She becomes a lawyer.

She turns lawyer.

2）状态系动词：be, seem, remain, stay, stand, keep等

例：He always kept silent at meeting.

3）感官系动词：feel, smell, sound, taste, look, appear等

例：The milk tastes sour.

The cloth feels soft.

4）终止性系动词：prove, turn out等

例：His plan turned out a success.

第二节句子成分

在句子中起着不同语法作用的部分，叫做句子成分。句子成分有9种：主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语、同位语、插入语。

1、主语（subject）：表示句子描述的是“谁”或“什么”，通常是谓语动词的动作执行者。通常有名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、从句等充当。

The students worked very hard.

They are from America.

80% of the students in our class are girls.

To learn English is very difficult for us.

=It is difficult for us to learn English.

Swimming in the lake is dangerous.

What he said is true.

2、谓语动词：什么主语的动作或具有的状态与特征。

构成形式如下：

1）简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。

She practices speaking English every day.

The woman takes good care of the baby.

I have got rid of smoking.

2）复合谓语形式1：由情态动词或助动词+动词构成。

You may go now.

He has caught a bad cold.

We are going to visit the old town tomorrow.

3）复合谓语形式2：由系动词+表语构成。

We are students.

She becomes famous.

The little girl is afraid of the snake.

4）复合谓语形式3：情态动词+系动词+表语

It will be wasted.

He must be wrong.

We will be free tomorrow.

5）复合谓语形式4：被动句的谓语动词。

Mary was seen to swim across the river.

They were expected to finish the work as soon as possible.

3、表语：用来说明主语的身份、特征和状态的成分。一般在系动词之后。

表语可由下列结构充当：名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语及表语从句。

The young man has turned thief.

All of these are yours.

The flower is beautiful.

The film is moving.

We are moved by the film.

Her job is to look after the baby.

My job is teaching English.

Tom was out then.

The fact is that he passed the exam successfully.

4、宾语：表示动作承受的对象。可由下列结构充当：名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式、宾语从句等。

He bought a new car.

The heavy snow prevented her from going to school.

She enjoys listening to music.

I don’t know how to get there.