高中英语语法大全(20201124171228)

高中英语语法大全一、词类和句子成分1、词类：英语词类十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。

1、名词 (n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。

如：2、代词 (pron.) ：主要用来代替名词。

如：3、形容词 (adj..) ：表示人或事物的性质或特征。

如：4、数词 (num.) ：表示数目或事物的顺序。

如：5、动词 (v.)：表示动作或状态。

如：6、副词 (adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。

如：7、冠词 (art..)：用在名词前 ,帮助说明名词。

如：8、介词 (prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。

如9、连词 (conj.) ：用来连接词、短语或句子。

如10、感叹词 (interj..) 表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。

如：※英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。

人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称主格I you he ,分为主格和宾格两种形式。

she it we you they宾格me you him her it us you them物主代词：说明事物所属关系的代词形容词性my your,分为形容词性和名词性两种。

his her its our your their名词性mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs反身代词：表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关。

是一种表示反射或强调的代词。

第一人第二人第三人称单数第一人称第二人称第三人称复数称单数称单数男女物体复数复数myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves2、句子成分：8 种：主谓宾、定状补、表语和同位语。

1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。

通常用名词或代词担任。

如：I ’ m Sarah.2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做 (什么 )”。

主要由动词担任。

如： Jack cleans the room everyday.3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语身份或特征。

通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。

如：She is beautiful.4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。

通常由名词或代词担任。

如：He can spell the word.有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物 ,一个指人。

指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。

如：He wrote me a letter.5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词担任。

如： Shanghai is a big city.6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,说明时间，地点、原因，状态等通常由副词或介词短语担任。

如： He is standing in the classroom.7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。

如：They usually keep their classroom clean.☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面 ,进一步说明它的情况。

如：Ma Yun, a great businessman, created Taobao Company.二、简单句1、简单句的特点：简单句通常只由一个主语(或并列主语 )和一个谓语 (或并列谓语 )构成。

简单句五大句型1）主谓： -I sleep.-In youth, we learn.2）主谓宾： -Ilovebooks.3）主谓 +双宾： - Mary give me an apple.-直接宾语是指与谓语动词直接发生联系的名词通常是物-间接宾语是动作所指向的方向通常是人give sb sth (sb 是间宾sth 是直宾 )=give sth to sbcook sb sth (sb 是间宾sth 是直宾 )=cook sth for sb4)主+谓 +宾 +宾补-I found the book easy.-He makes me cry.宾语补足语指在英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有一个其他的句子成分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，简称宾补。

宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。

能够充当宾补的：不定式，现在分词，过去分词，形容词，副词，介词短语。

I help him to learn.I saw Mary singing.I find the book difficult.He left it on the desk.I saw the kite up and down.判断是宾补还是双宾：宾语位置第一部分和第二部分是否有逻辑上的主谓关系。

三、句子成分判断：My brother hasn't done his homework.People speak English.They call him Mike.What is your given name?You will find it useful after you leave school.The old man was dead.找出定语①What is your given name?找出宾补She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.She found it difficult to do the work.They call me Lily sometimes.I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?找出状语There was a big smile on her face.I come to the school because of that reason.找出直接宾语和间接宾语①Please tell us a story.②My father bought a new bike for me last week.③Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.④Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.⑤Did he leave any message for me?四、并列复合句1、基本概念：并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。

两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起；但有时不用连接词 ,只在两个简单句之间用分号连接。

2、常见并列连词：(1) 并列概念： and, not only⋯but also,neither⋯⋯nor⋯(2) 选择概念： or, otherwise, or else, either⋯or⋯(3)转折概念： but, yet, while.(4)因果概念： for, so, because.五、主从复合句概念：主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。

1）形容词性从句：定语从句。

2）名词性从句：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、状语从句。

※定语从句Sheis a beautiful girl.She is a girl who is beautiful.找出先行词，关系词，以及关系词充当从句的什么成分。

She was the teacher that taught us English.This is the boy that we looked for yesterday.Do you see the building that is near the bank?All my classmates were fond of the cake that I made.The book which has a lot of pictures is Tom The book which I lost yesterday is Tom ’ s.’ s.I didn’ t know anything about the man who wrote this.The girl who you like is Mary.The girl whom you like is Mary.I know the man whose bike is blue.I come to the room whose window is blue.I don’ t know the time when they come.I don ’ t know the reason why they come.I don ’ t know the school where they live.关系代词：关系副词：从句完整时，用____________。

从句不完整时，用__________。

关系代词先行词句子成分whowhomthatwhichwhose关系副词先行词句子成分whenwherewhy关系词填空The team players ________ are wearing green have won the game.This is the teacher ________ taught me Chemistry in 2016.Mary is a girl ________ everybody likes.The hospital ________ was built five years ago was the biggest in the city. This is the boy ________ dog is very cute.I cannot remember my childhood ________ my mother was still young. She doesn ’ t know the reason________ people hate her.This is the place________ a lot of people live.考纲重点：从句中谓语动词单复数要和先行词保持一致。

从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略。

关系代词指物时，只能用that 的情况。

关系代词指物，只能用which 的情况关系代词指人，只用who 的情况非限制性定语从句※练习：课课练P16when where why主语从句：1. 主从为陈述句，连接词为that他昨天没来是对的。

_____________________________2. 主从为一般疑问句，连接词为whether是否他会来还不清楚。