u4 课文翻译

WHAT’S IN A NAME?
名字意味着什么？
The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England—many people are confused by what these different names mean. So what is the difference between them, if any? Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.
联合王国、大不列颠、不列颠、英格兰——很多人对这些不同名字的含义感到困惑。

如果有区别的话，那么它们之间有什么区别？稍微了解一下英国历史将有助于你解决这个难题。

In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. Later, in the 18th century, the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Most people just use the shortened name: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. People from the UK are called “British”,which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.
在16世纪，附近的威尔士与英格兰王国联合了起来。

后来，在
18世纪，苏格兰加入了创建大不列颠王国的行列。

在19世纪，爱尔兰王国加入，一起组建了大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国。

最终，在20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离了英国，形成了我们如今所看到的全名：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。

大多数人只是使用缩写名称：“联合王国”或“英国”。

来自英国的人被称为“不列颠人”，这意味着英国也经常被称为不列颠或大不列颠。

The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence. However, they also have some differences.For example, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal systems. They also have their own traditions, like their own national days and national dishes. And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup!
联合王国的这四个国家在某些方面共同合作。

像拥有相同的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗（称为“英国国旗”）。

但是，它们也有一些不同之处。

例如，英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰在教育体制和立法体制上都存在着差异。

他们也有自己的传统，例如自己的民族节日和民族美食。

他们甚至拥有各自的足球队去参加像世界杯之类的比赛！
The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore, which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions. Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history. The first group, the Romans, came in the first century. Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads. Next, the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century. They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built houses. The Vikings came in the eighth century, left behind lots of new vocabulary, and also the names of many locations across the UK. The last group were the Normans. They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century. They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system. The Normans were French, so many French words slowly entered into the English language.
英国有着悠久而有趣的历史可供探索，这可以帮助你进一步了解这个国家及其传统。

在英国的几乎所有地方，你都发现有四批不同的人在整个历史的不同时期占据政权的痕迹。

第一批是罗马人，出现于公元一世纪。

他们的一些伟大成就包括修建城镇和道路。

接下来，盎格鲁—撒克逊人于公元5世纪到来。

他们创造了英语的起源，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。

维京人于公元8世纪到来，留下了许多新词汇，同时也留下了英国各地的地名。

最后一批是诺曼人。

他们在11
世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役后征服了英格兰。

他们在英格兰各地建造了城堡，并对法律制度进行了修改。

诺曼人是法国人，因此英语中慢慢加入了许多法语单词。

There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable. The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times. There are countless historic sites to explore, and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK. The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old traditions. If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.
关于英国有趣的历史和文化，还有更多的东西需要学习。

研究国家的历史将使你的旅行更加愉快。

首都伦敦是一个很好的起点，因为它是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到古罗马时代。

这里有数不胜数的历史遗迹可供探索，还有许多的博物馆，博物馆里收藏着来自英国各地的古代文物。

英国是历史与现代文化的完美结合，既有新传统也有旧传统。

如果你留心观察，你会惊讶地发现你既可以看到它的过去，也可以看到它的现在。