商务英语翻译专有名词

合集下载

国际商务英语专有名词表

国际商务英语专有名词表Unit Oneinternational business exports/importsexporter/importerpatentstrademarkscopyrightsinternational trade transportationtourismbankingadvertisingconstructionretailing/wholesaling insuranceeducationmass communication specializationabsolute advantage comparative advantage input/outputopportunity cost opportunity cost ratios exchange rateoperating costsbank credit agreements clearing arrangements trade in goodstrade in servicesvisible goods/invisible goods international investments balance of payments foreign direct investment (FDI)manufactured goods cultural conflicts negotiationmarketingbusiness administration business public relations businessman businesspeoplesubsidiary/subsidiariesjoint venturesaffiliated businesses general manager executivesCEOcommercial riskfinancial riskspolitical risksregulatory riskstax risksantitrust lawsdouble taxationcommercial creditcommercial lendingpurchased merchandise onaccountadvances on salescommercial billa qualified lenderbank loanscurrent ratiocash assetsoutstanding indebtednesscollateralcredit historyfinancial profilethe commodity economyindustry capitalbusiness enterprisespersonal creditcreditorsliensinternational businessmanagementcreative consciousnessthe capacity of working onone’s ownglobal economic integrationinternationalizationWTOUruguay RoundGATTNegotiation forumDoha Development Agendatrade rulesside-effectswell-beingtrade disputesagriculturetextiles and clothingtelecommunicationsgovernment purchasesgovernment procurementindustrial standardsproduct safetyfood sanitationregulationsintellectual propertytrade withoutdiscriminationGATSTRIPs Agreementmost-favored-nation(MFN)customs duty ratecustoms dutiestariffsnational treatmenttransparencyTrade Policy ReviewMechanismannexpredictable and growingaccess to marketsfree-tradeimport bansquotaspredictabilitythe bound ratestransition economiesfair competitiondumpingsubsidieseconomic reformthe least-developedcountriesUnit Twointernational tradeworld tradeoverseas tradeindustrializationadvanced transportationglobalizationtransnational corporations2trade restrictions governmental quotas export tariffstrade barriersraw materialscapital-intensive products land-intensive products labor-intensive commodities heavy construction equipmentindustrial machinery consumer goodslabor costsproduction facilities farming technologymass production economic benefits domestic marketnatural resources technology resources human resourcescost of productionpolitical strengthtastespreferencesconsumption patternsre-export/re-import favorable trade balance active trade balanceexport surplustrade surplusunfavorable trade balance adverse trade balance import surplustrade deficitexport trade, import trade and transit tradedirect trade, indirect trade and entrepot trade tangible trade and intangible tradebarter trade and free-liquidation trade direct transit trade and indirect transit tradethe bonded warehouse the domestic transportationlinewarehouse chargestransshipmentprocessorIncotermsCISGUCP600bargainingan intervening mediumcash tradeterms and conditionsbusiness correspondenceletters, telexes, cables, faxes,e-mails, etc.inquiry/enquiry, offer,counter-offer, acceptanceand conclusion of a contractdocumentary creditshipment documentssettlementanalytical studycredit standingcapacityspecificationstrade termsFOB, FCA, FAS, CFR, CPT,CIF, CIP, EXW, DAF, DDU,DDP, DES, DEQ,L/Cshipping spacecharter a shipimport entryimport inspectionsmarket research, creditinquiry, making contactscontractual termsMOFTECChinese Embassyforeign trade corporationschambers of commerceinquiry agenciesbusiness connectionsinquirera bank referencetrader, dealertrade shows, direct sales,direct mail,manufacturer’srepresentatives, wholesalersand distributorsthe consulate officeICCannual sales volumebusiness culturebusiness negotiationbusiness talksinternational fairsthe China ExportCommodities Fairthe export sales contractforce majeuretile documentsthe total volume of tradepractitionersan essential conditionthe mandatory supervisionthe prerequisitecustoms formalitiesa certificate of qualitytraditions and practicesUNCTADairfreight, sea freightopen accountaccuracy, completeness,conciseness and promptnessgovernment controldocumentscommercial documentstransportation documentsinsurance documentsfinancial documentsgeneral useimport licenseforeign exchange licenseexport licensecertificate of origininspection certificateconsular invoicecustoms invoicethe licensing authoritiescentral banks3customs clearance economic sanctionsa notary publicthe country of destintion preferred import statusthe place of manufacture the Import and Export Commodity Inspection BureauChina Council for Promotion of International Tradethe Generalized System of Preferences (GSP)EUpreferential import duties Certificate of Origin of Textile ProductsExport Licenses of Textile ProductsShipment Certificate of Textile ProductssurveyorInspection Certificate of QualityInspection Certificate of WeightInspection Certificate of QuantityInspection Certificate of Health and Veterinary Inspection Certificate Inspection Certificate of QuarantineAQSIQthe importing countrythe exporting countrypro forma invoice commercial invoicequality certificateweight certificate preliminary invoicea quotationan irrevocable letter of creditconsular documents Buyer’s referenceOrder number/indentnumberInvoice number and dateExport or import licensenumberMethod of dispatchShipment termsNames and addresses of theseller and the buyerCountry from which theshipment is madeDescription of the goodsRebate or similar incentivesSignature of the exporterapplication form forinternational moneytransferdrafts (bills of exchange)banker’s draftcommercial draftsight drafttime draft (usance draft)application for documentaryletter of credit and letter ofcreditcash in advanceremitterdrawer/draweepayor, payer/payeethe payment instrument30 days sight50 days after sight90 days after the date of thisdraft30 days after the bill ofladingMethod of adviceDate of expirybeneficiaryadvising/paying/confirmingbankpartial shipmentsport of shipmentairport/port of dischargeairport/port of loadinga payment undertakingshipping notepacking listbill of ladingrail/road consignment noteair waybill (AWB)parcel post receiptcombined transportdocumentsarrival notificationon board his vessela delivery or receipt notea Mate’s Receiptthe on-board bill of ladinga supplimentary documentinsurance claimsclaim settlementsconsignor/consigneeplace of deliveryshipping markscontainer numbercarriershipperbulk cargocubic measurementgross weightthe notified partyrail transportthe departure/destinationstationtransferable or negotiablean instruciton sheeta straight or non-negotiablebill of ladingright of disposalthe shipping brokerthe insurer (insurancecompany), underwriterthe insuredan indispensable adjunctinsurance policyinsurance certificateopen policyinsurance coveragePICCmutual consent4legal avoidancebreach of contractcargo readiness customary packages seaworthy shipment packingCISGsole ownershipindustrial property rightL/Cfund shortagemarket fluctuation payment routelate shipmentthe amendment notification the shipping orderdelivery documents working fundsshipping operationtaking deliveryinspection reportUnit Threebusiness negotiationsocial interaction consultationbargainingmediationarbitrationlitigationwin-winprinciple/integrative bargaining/interest-based bargainingequality principlesincere cooperationkeep it flexible and fluid positional bargaining mutual success convergence of interests equality and mutual benefit law statusnegotiation strategies and tacticsthe negative effects preparation for negotiationthe negotiating teamgathering of informationthe negotiation briefan essential preconditionthe factual requirementinner depletionextra expensework-loadproduction organizaitoninvestment distributiona development projectan engineering projectthe chief negotiatortechnologistfinancial expertlegal specialistbackup onespublic relationscontingency abilitiescapital guaranteethe power of the collectivethe optimal effectexplicit responsibilitiesthe cooperation ofnegotiatorsa clear job-divisionthe cooperation betweenon-stage people andout-stage onesrepresentatives and deputiesfavorable moral charactersnecessary psychologicalmakingsnecessary professionalknowledgefavorable language skillsfavorable polical makingsthe physical factors (thetempo, intensity, flexibility,stability and so on )sanguine peoplebilious peoplephlegmatical peopledepressed peoplethe factual needsgeneralistscommercial warsbilateral and multilateralcommunicationidentifying issuesissues and objectivesa competitive negotiationa noncompetitivenegotiationa responsible sourcea contract priceinfrastructurelogistics systemsub-contractorsbusiness scopeannual sales volumespaybacka feasibility studypolitical and socialbackgroundsocial and economic analysisdetailed analysislocation and sitemain costsmanpowerschedul implementationfinancial and economicevaluaitonalternative approachesthe basic components andimplicationsplant capacitymarket demandoverhead costsadministrative overheadsa timeframefixed investmentsnet working capitalestimatesnegotiating brief andnegotiating planmemoranduman invitation to offeran invitation to make a bidpromotional communicationsales literature5offeror/offereeselling offer/buying offer offer with engagementoffer without engagement firm offerirrevocable offercommon practicea usual practicequotation sheetsfinal confirmationa contractual relationship purchase contractagency arrangement exclusive sales agreement absence of feedback satisfactionself-reinforcementtwo human biasesthe confirmation bias egocentrismmediocrityself-esteemseparate people from the problemfocus on interests not positionsbe well preparedbe patience and integrity legitimate concerns personal attacksblue-eyed weakness offensive and defensivea defensive-offensive stance a neutral stanceoutright acceptance outright rejectionqualified rejectiona nimble attackthe barrier of language cooperative language style competitive language style a longstanding relationship one-off contractsan all-purpose excuse deceptive strategiesjargon acronymscontractionstechnical termslanguage principlescourtesy, conciseness, clarity,correctness,constructiveness andconcessiontrade-offdeadlockmulti-nationsmulti-nationalitiescultural analysissub-cultural dynamicsinterculturalcommunicationbreakdownintergroupencode and decodecultural literacycultural implicationsgeneral guidelinesverbal/nonverbalfacial expressonseye contactgesturesbody movementsposturephysical appearancespacebody languageorientationmonochronic andpolychronicdominant culture settingssocioeconomic classcultural conflictsbusiness normsa sophisticated protocolguest-host relationshipunwritten rulesa fallback positionlinear communicationUnit FourInternational trade termsa price/export quotationsincidental chargesa foreign trade merchantIncoterms2000the price of commoditythe unit pricea name of currency, a unitprice, a measuring unit, atrade term, and a name ofdestination or shippingplacemiscellaneous expensesinternational rules andpractices on trade termsWarsaw-Oxford Rules 1932Revised American ForeignTrade Definition 1941The American Chamber ofCommercethe National ImportersAssociationthe American Foreign TradeAssociationthe US Export Quotationsand Abbreviations in 1919EX-point of originEx Factory, Ex Mill, ExMinenamed inland carriernamed inland of departurenamed point of destinationnamed place of destinationnamed port of destinationnamed port of shipmentnamed point of exportationnamed point of importationnamed point/placenamed inland point incountry of importationFreight Prepaid ToFreight Allowed ToC&F, EX-DOCKthe ship’s railthe risk of loss or of damagesales contract6the mode of transportmulti-modal transportsea or inland waterway transport/transportation marine insuranceobtain insurance only on minimum coverthe buyer’s/seller’s obligationsthe export/import permit and export/import traxthe loading/unloading cost the insurance premiumthe sea freightthe seller’s/buyer’s premises customary packing/manner a contract of carriageMT(metric ton) subsequent carriersthe first carrierat the disposal of the buyer basic/special packingthe loading berthib/IBa land frontierwarehouseterminaltransport stationcommon misconceptions property rightsvariants of Incoterms under tackleliner termsFOB trimmed/towedentry feeUnit Fivepricingpricing principlesprice and unit pricethe accompanying services the pulse of the marketsthe price of commodity, the unit price: a nature of currency, a unit price, a measuring unit, a tradeterm and a name ofdestination or shippingplacecost structurecosts of production, sellingand delivery costs, andcustoms dutiesancillary costthe factory pricefixed costsvariable costscommissionssales trip expensespricing methodslong-term objectiveshort-term objectiveprofitabilitymarket shareannual budgetssales volumecost-based pricingbreak-even pricingmarginal cost pricingmargin of profit, profitmargintarget costingthe break-even point (BEP)FC, P, VCtotal fixed pricemortgage interest/paymentsreal estate taxesmarginal costthe direct coststhe variable overheadsmoney of accountmoney of paymenthard currencysoft currencyvehicle currencyforeign exchange ratesforeign exchange riskfloating exchange ratesexposurehedgeforward marketforward ratespot marketbrokerage housesforward contractintermediary servicequantity discountcash discountspecial discountnet pricepricing strategiesthe marketing mixfollowing-the-leader pricingpenetration pricingcost-oriented pricingdemand-oriented pricingretail pricingthe break-even pointmarketerscomponent partsutilitiessuppliersoperating expensesadvertising campaignsmanufacturersfranchise marketersthe U.S Small BusinessAdministration (SBA)government regulationsload weightsspeed limitsa unit price: currency unit,unit price figure,measurement unit anddelivery termsinitial priceUnit Sixinternational transportationocean transportrail transportationair transportationcontainer transportinternational multi-modaltransportationsea ports7carrying capacityliner transportcharter transport / tramp transportthe four fixed: fixed sailing date, fixed route and fixed ports to call at, and relatively fixed freight rate consignor/consigneethe intermediate ports freight: basic freight + surchargesthe basic freight ratethe tariff of freight rate W, M, W/M, Ad Val., W/M or Ad Val.per metric tonweight tonper cubic meter measurement tonfreight toncharge surcharges transshipment surcharges fuel surcharges overweight and overlength surchargesa charter party: the charterer and the ship ownerbulk cargocrude oilraw timbertime chartervoyage charterthe loading/unloading rate demurragedispatch moneyliner term, free out (FO), free in (FI), free in and out (FIO)scheduled airliners chartered planes consolidated consignments by freight forwardersFull Container Load (FCL) Less than Container Load (LCL)a door to door servicedesk-to-desk serviceport to port shipmentthe Container FreightSation (CFS)the point of originthe place of destinationa multi-modal transportoperatorthe general carrierconveyancesub-carriersmarine bills of ladingseaway billsairway bills (AWB) or airconsignment notescombined transportdocumentsinland transport waybills(road waybill or CMRconsignment note andrailway bill or cargo receipt)courier receipt or postparcel receiptsshippingthe bill of lading (B/L)a traded objecta contract of carriagea receipt of goodsa title documentin apparent good orderparties of a bill of lading:the carrier and theshipper/the consignor, theconsignee, the notify partyand the transferee /theendorsee /holderdifferent ordersdemonstrative orderrestrictive orderbearer order“to order” and “to the orderof the shipper”“to the order of the issuingbank”“to the order of theimporter”“to bearer”under collectionnon-paymentnon-commercialtransactionsbe left blank“to the named consignee(importer)”blank endorsementspecial endorsementthe shipping company (thecarrier)the charting vesselthe voyae numberthe port of receipt/the portof loading/the port ofshipmentthe port of destination/theport of discharge/the port ofdeliverythe premises of theimporter/exportermarks and numbersboxes/cartons/casesbe prepaid or collectedfreight prepaid/freightcollectoriginal B/L, copiestypes of bill of ladingon board B/L (or shippedB/L) and a received forshipment B/Lin one’s custodyclean (or unclaused) B/Land unclean (or foul) B/Lnegotiable B/L (order B/Land bearer B/L or open B/L)and straight B/L (ornon-negotiable B/L or anamed consignee B/L)direct B/L andtransshipment B/Llong form B/L and shortform B/L8liner B/L and chartered B/L on deck B/Lstale B/Lante-dated B/L & advanced B/Lcontainer B/Lcontents leaking, packaging spoiled by contents, packaging broken / holed / torn / damaged, packaging contaminated, goods damaged / scratched, packaging badly dented, packaging damaged and contents exposed, insufficient packing, cases short shipped, goods unprotected / unboxed / partial protected, etc. Combined Transport Document (CTD) Combined Transport Operator (CTO)the estimated date of departure (ETD)the estimated time of arrival (ETA)forwarderNVD: no value declared The flight dateCMR, CIMadditional protocolEMS, DHL, UPS, FedEx the post officea courieran expedited delivery serviceexpedite (a.) servicesperils and lossesperils of the sea, maritime losses , maritime expenses lightergeneral perils of the sea and extraneous risksnatural calamities (vile weather, thunder, lightning, tsunami, earthquake, flood,etc.)fortuitous accidentsgeneral extraneous risksand special extraneous riskstheft, pilferage,contamination, leakage,breakage, sweating and/orheating, taint of odor,rusting, hook damage, freshand/or rain water damage,short-delivery andnon-delivery, shortage inweight, clashing, etc.political or military affairsor administrative ruleswar, strike, heightened duty,rejection, etc.total loss and partial lossactual total loss andconstructive total lossgeneral average (G. A.) andpartial average (P. A. )sue and labor expensessalvage chargesmarine insurance clausesthe acope of cover,exclusions, commencementand termination of cover,duty of the insured, time ofvalidity of a claim, etc.basic insurance andadditional insurancebasic marine insurancecoverage: FPA (Free FromParticular Average), WPAand All risksadditional risksgeneral risks and specialrisksCIC (China InsuranceClauses)warehouse to warehouseclause11 general additional risks:theft, pilferage andnon-delivery risk (TPND),fresh water and/or raindamage risk (FWRD), clashand breakage risks, leakagerisk, shortage risk,intermixture andcontamination risks, taint ofodor risk, sweat an heatingrisks, rust risk, breakage ofpacking risk, hook damagerisk8 special additional risks:war risk, strike risk, failureto delivery risk, import dutyrisk, on deck risk, rejectionrisk, aflatoxin risk, fire riskextersion clause for storageof cargo at destination inHong Kong, includingKowloon, or Macao (FREC)import and export cargoinsurance practicesinsurance amount andpremiumclaim for lossesadvice of lossesshipping clause(transportation clause )time of shipmenttime of deliverythe port/place of shipmentand destinationpartial shipment / shipmentby installmentstime policy, voyage policyand mixed policyinsurance policy, insurancecertificate, combinedcertificate and open policyunvalued policy and valuedpolicy9。

商务英语翻译常用词汇

trimming charges（平舱费）insurance policy（保险单）coverage（险别）premium（保险费）underwriter（保险人）establishment（开证）counter-offer（还盘）counter-suggestion（反还盘）bid（递盘）surcharges（附加费）proforma invoice（形式发票）irrevocable letter of credit（不可撤销信用证）clearance sale（清仓削价销售）CIF（cost, insurance and freight到岸价格）FOB（free on board离岸价格）CBD（cash before delivery付现提货）Unit oneNational accounts 国民经济账户Production account 生产账户Balance sheet 资产负债表Assets and liabilities accounts 资产负债账户GDP Gross domestic productioinGNP Gross nation productionBalance of payment 国际收支平衡Meger consideration 并购补偿费Concern linger(持续，存留)Shortfall 差额，缺少Redundant 多余的，被解雇的With reference to 关于Reduce→reduction 减少Line of creditDispatchRepatriate 遣返，把…返回Exercise one’s rights 履行权利Divulge= revealSecurityDivulgeConsideratioinDocument creditPrincipalCommissionRoyalty Unit twoSoarTumblePlummetBolsterCapital injectionInsuer 承保人Insured 投保人EssentialMake full allowanceOperate 经营PursuantAnnexIntegralIntegrate v&n. 使…完整，一体化Financial standing 财务状况BolsterInstitutionSerial numberNamed vessal 记名货船DeemUnit threeFloating polity 统保单UnderSubsidiary companyClaimThe port of destinationLodge a claimOminous 不良的Trigger an ominous chian reaction 引发不良连锁反应DepositForeign exchange reserves 外汇储备BurdenDue toConsecutiveDisposeUnsecuredUnsecured credit 无担保的债权UnderwriterVested interests 既得利益Be obliged toBusiness yearEarning reports 业绩报表Equity 公平性，股权，ShareholderCompetitive pricePlace substantial orders Lodge a claim again Business lineShortfall in captital 资本赤字SurplusDeficitUnify A & BUnit four。

商务英语专有名词

128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150
品牌管理品牌等同度规模经济会议记录开放式问题日常管理客户投诉产品发布会商务宴会净收入商务谈判人际交往能力高端市场心理分析扩展客户关系售后服务差异化营销网络营销货币申报费用报销单岗位空缺失业率并购
87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123rts sponsorship puffery advertising deceptive advertising advertising agency graphic designer traffic management financial review product development income statement balance sheet audit report write-offs for bad debt workplace guideline Animal Husbandry Industry labour concentrated industry trade fair training budget evening buffet labor surplus natural attrition outplacement service severance pay recruitment sources performance bonus on-campus recruitment verbal warning written warning performance deficiency classroom instruction on-the-job training behavior modeling employee orientation succession planning glass ceiling

商务英语专业术语

商务英语专业术语1．询盘inquiry。

2．发盘offer。

3．还盘counter-offer。

4．接受acceptance。

5．商品品质quality of goods。

6．商品数量quantity of goods。

7．装运shipment。

8．装运日期date of shipment。

9．贸易术语trade terms。

10．付款方式terms of payment。

11．保险insurance。

12．索赔claims。

13．不可抗力force majeure。

14．仲裁arbitration。

15．合同合同contract。

16．销售代理sales agent。

17．购货协议purchase agreement。

18．贸易伙伴trading partner。

19．佣金commission。

20．海运提单maritime Bill of Lading。

21．供应链管理supply chain management。

22．跨国企业multinational corporation。

23．对外贸易foreign trade。

24．关税tariff。

25．贸易制裁trade sanctions。

26．贸易战trade war。

27．经济全球化economic globalization。

28．跨境电商cross-border e-commerce。

29．互联网金融internet finance。

30．一带一路Belt and Road Initiative。

31．贸易展览会trade fair。

32．商务洽谈business negotiation。

33．市场营销marketing。

34．品牌建设brand building。

35．企业文化corporate culture。

36．人力资源management personnel。

37．职位招聘job recruitment。

38．绩效评估performance appraisal。

商务英语专有名词

商务英语专有名词商务英语阅读名词解释Chapter11．g lobal company : a company that integrates its international biz activities.2．Stable : the entire range of products a company has or produces3．Joint venture : a partnership that is formed by two or more parties cooperating in some special biz activities.4．Merger & acquisition : combining of two or more entities through the direct acquisition by the net assets of the other.5．Consumer market: an organized group of buyers and sellers of a particular product that are affected by its demand and supply.6．Distribution channel: all the organizations and people involved in the physical movement of goods and services from producer to consumer.7．Listed company : a company whose shares have been quoted by the Stock Exchange.8．Marketing savvy : understanding and knowledge of how goods and services are marketed.9．Industrial complex(工业生产基地) : a manufacturing area that consists of many different factories turning out different products.10. brand recognition : a product or products that has or have been recognized and appreciated by local consumers.11. specialty shop : an outlet that deals in or sells a particular line of products.12. household name : a brand, person, company, etc. that isknown to all or very popular in a place.13. loss-maker : a biz that continually makes no profit.14. home country : the country on which a multinational corporation’s HQs is based.15. quota : a restriction on the quantity of imports of a particular product that a country impose.16. organizational culture : the common values, behavior patterns, institutions, and so on among employees of a corporation.17. market economy : an economy in which the market is used to determine resource allocation, prices, and investments.Chapter 21.new economy : a different form of economy that is mainly supported by ITsector and characterized by knowledge-based economy instead of manufacturing./doc/f510019434.html,bor force : all of the people in a country or in a region that are employed or are likely to be employed in the future.3.bubble economy : an economy that primarily depends on banking, financialmarket and other transient operation.4.venture capital : funds that are invested in new plants or hi-tech startupsopen to large risk of loss./doc/f510019434.html, cycle : A period of time that a biz goes through consists of fourstages---boom繁荣, recession衰退, depression萧条, recover 复苏.6.stock market : a stock exchange that deals in stocks andshares.7.deregulation : the ending of the existing system of regulations, especially bythe government.8.public offering : a nonexclusive issue to the general public either bonds orstock by a firm in order to raise funds.9.bottleneck : difficulties or things that are more likely hinder normalproduction or prevent smooth economic development./doc/f510019434.html,rmation tech信息技术: all devices and knowledge that are required tomanage any kind of data.11.Treasury bill短期国债：A short-term obligation of the U.S. Treasury, havinga maturity period of one year or less and sold at a discount from face value.短期国库券：美国财政部发行的一种短期债券，一年或少于一年到期，以票面价值打折的形式出售.Treasury bond : 长期国债T-bonds ha ve maturity’s greater than 10 years.T-note : 中期国债has maturity ranging from 2 to 5 years./doc/f510019434.html, plan : future actions to be taken by a company, concerning products,production, market, investment, etc.13.capital stock : The total amount of stock authorized for issued by acorporation, including common and preferred stock. 股本(总额)：由一个公司授权发行的股票的总数额，包括普通股和优先股.14.product life cycle : a theory stating that certain kinds of products go througha cycle consisting of four stages, namely, introduction, growth, maturity anddecline.15.junk bonds : an interest-bearing certificate of debt that promises to give ahigh yield but is issued by a company with low credit rating 低信用等级.16．Seed money=seed capital启动资金: the initial equity capital used to start a new venture or biz.Chapter 31. liquidity : available cash or the capacity to obtain it on demand.2. exchange rate : the amount of one currency that can be bought with another.3. multinational company : a very large organization that owns companies in more than one country in order to obtain low-cost raw materials and make efficient use of a local workforce.4. benchmark : a standard by which something can be measured or judged.5. pricing policy : a plan or statement of prices set by an organization for its products and services.6. money market : the institutions and practices through with short-term funds are channeled to borrowers and entrepreneurs.7. capital market : a place where deals are made relating to long term investment needed by businesses and public authorities.8. collateral : property or an item of value acceptable assecurity for a loan orother obligation.担保物：被接受作为抵押或其他义务担保的财产9. counterparty : a term used to identify the “other” party in a two-party transaction.10. stock exchange: a market where stocks and shares are bought and sold under fixed rules, but at prices determined by supply & demand.11. retail : the sale of goods or commodities in small quantities directly to consumers.12. cheque : a printed form, used instead of money, to make payment from one’s bank account.13. economic integration : the integration of commercial & financial activities among countries through the abolishment/cancellation of economic discrimination.Chapter 41.Dow-Jones Industrial Average : an index of the share prices quoted on theNew York Stock Exchange for a group of 30 leading industrial companies.2.Blue chip : a stock that sells at high price because of public confidence in itslong record of steady earnings.3.Nasdaq : national association of securities dealers automated quotations4.social security社会保障: a government program that provides economicassistance to persons faced with unemployment, disability, or agedness, financed by assessment (税额) of employers and employees.5.tax deduction : an expense费用that a taxpayer is allowed to deduct fromtaxable income.6.reinsurance ：the purchase of insurance by an insurance company fromanother insurance (reinsurer) to provide it protection against large losses on cases it has already insured.7.policy :保单the printed legal document stating the terms of insurancecontract that is issued to the policyholder投保人by company.8.public relations : PR, the activity of keeping good relationships between anorganization and the people outside it.9.depression : a period of drastic decline in a national or international economy,characterized by decreasing biz activity, falling prices, and unemployment. 萧条，不景气：国家（或国际）经济不景气的一段时期，其特征是商业活动减少、价格下降、失业10.media ：a means of mass communication, such as newspapers, magazines, radio,or television.11.recession: An extended decline in general business activity, typically threeconsecutive quarters of falling real gross national product.衰退：经济活动普遍而持续地衰败，尤指三个连续季度的社会总产品净值的下降Chapter 51．S anction : the penalty for noncompliance specified in a law or decree.2．Trade deficit : imports minus exports of goods andservices.3．Balance of trade 贸易支付差额the value of country’s exports mi nus the value of its imports.4．Downturn : a tendency downward, especially in biz or economic activity. 5．Speculation投机: engagements in risky biz transactions on the chances of quick or considerable profit.6．Value added tax : an indirect tax imposed on consumption that is reflective of the incremental increases on the value of goods through the chain of production, from the raw material phase to final consumption.增值税是向消费征收的间接税，它反映了商品从原材料到最终消费的整个生产过程中的增加值。

常用商务英语术语

常用商务英语术语1.出口方面的词汇出口信贷export credit出口津贴export subsidy商品倾销dumping外汇倾销exchange dumping优惠关税special preferences保税仓库bonded warehouse贸易顺差favorable balance of trade贸易逆差unfavorable balance of trade 进口配额制import quota自由贸易区free trade zone对外贸易值value of foreign trade 国际贸易值value of international trade普遍优惠制generalized system of preferences 缩略形式GSP 最惠国待遇most-favored nation treatment 缩略形式MFN2.价格方面术语运费freight码头费wharfage总值total value卸货费landing charges关税customs duty印花税stamp duty净价net price含佣价price including commission 港口税port dues回佣return commission .折扣discount, allowance目的港port of destination装运港port of shipment卸货港port of discharge零售价retail price现行价格（时价）current price/ prevailing price进口许口证import licence出口许口证export licence现货价格spot price期货价格forward price 国际市场价格 world (International)Market price离岸价（船上交货价）FOB—free on board成本加运费价（离岸加运费价）C&F—cost and freight到岸价（成本加运费、保险费价）CIF—cost,insurance and freight信用证letter of credit ( L/C)跟单信用证documentary credit光票信用证clean credit可撤销信用证revocable credit不可撤销跟单信用证irrevocable documentary L/C保兑信用证confirmed L/C不保兑信用证unconfirmed L/C 即期信用证sight letter of credit 远期信用证usance letter of credit 可转让信用证transferable L/C不可转让信用证non-transferable L/C循环信用证revolving credit备用信用证STANDBY LETTER OF CREDIT开证申请人applicant for the credit 开证行the issuing bank通知行、转证行advising bank/ transmitting bank保兑行confirming bank 受益人beneficiary汇票bill of exchange商业发票commercial invoice 提单bill of lading装箱单packing list受益人证明书beneficiary’s certificate保单insurance policy3、交货方面术语交货delivery轮船steamship(缩写装运、装船shipment租船charter (the chartered ship) 交货时间time of delivery定程租船voyage charter装运期限time of shipment定期租船time charter托运人（一般指出口商）shipper, consignor收货人consignee班轮regular shipping liner驳船lighter 油轮tanker舱位shipping space报关clearance of goods陆运收据cargo receipt提货to take delivery of goods 空运提单airway bill选择港（任意港）optional port 选港费optional charges立即装运immediate shipments 即期装运prompt shipments装运通知ship advice对等贸易countertrade4、交易磋商、合同签订实盘firm (definite) offer虚盘non-firm (indefinite) offer 发盘人offerer收盘人offeree询盘inquiry报价quotation递盘bid; bidding递实盘bid firm还盘counter offer参考价reference price习惯做法usual practice 交易磋商business negotiation有效期限time of validity一般交易条件general terms and conditions purchase contract销售合同销售合同sales contract 购货确认书purchase confirmation 销售确认书sales confirmation需经卖方确认subject to seller’s confirmation需经我方最后确认subject to our final confirmation 5、贸易方式寄售consignment拍卖auction招标invitation of tender投标submission of tender 一般代理人agent总代理人general agent代理协议agency agreement 累计佣金accumulative commission 来料加工processing on giving materials来料装配assembling on provided parts独家经营/专营权exclusive right 独家经营/包销/代理协议exclusivity agreement独家代理sole agency; sole agent; exclusive agency; exclusive agent6、品质条件品质quality原样original sample规格specifications复样duplicate sample商品目录catalogue对等样品counter sample 标准standard type参考样品reference sample宣传小册pamphlet封样sealed sample货号article No.代表性样品representative sample7、商检仲裁索赔claim争议disputes罚金条款penalty仲裁arbitration不可抗力force Majeure仲裁庭arbitral tribunal产地证明书certificate of origin 品质检验证书inspection certificate of quality重量检验证书inspection certificate of weight (quantity) 商品检验局commodity inspection bureau8、数量条件净重net weight容积capacity毛作净gross for net 体积volume毛重gross weight溢短装条款more or less clause9、外汇与汇率外汇foreign exchange 法定贬值devaluation外币foreign currency法定升值revaluation汇率rate of exchange浮动汇率floating rate硬通货hard currency软通货soft currency直接标价direct quotation 间接标价indirect quotation 金平价gold standard金本位制度gold standard 买入汇率buying rate 卖出汇率selling rate固定汇率fixed rate纸币制度paper money system 国际货币基金international monetary fund黄金外汇储备gold and foreign exchange reserve汇率波动的官定上下限official upper and lower limits of fluctuation~。

商务英语专有名词

商务英语专有名词Insurance policy 保险单Insurance certificate保险凭证Weight memo重量单Packing list装箱单general partnerships一般合伙企业limited partnerships有限合伙企业sole proprietorships独资企业joint-stock companies合股公司business trusts商业信托joint ventures合资企业Franchising特许经营权Agency代理商Electronic Commerce 电子商务Back-to-back Credit 转开信用证B/L(Bill of Lading) 提单CL B/L (Clean Bill of Lading) 清洁提单Inland B/L(Inland Bill of Lading) 内陆提单O B/L (Ocean Bill of Lading)海运提单On Board Bill of Lading 装船提单Delivery Note交货单D/O(Delivery Order) 提货单General A verage(共同海损)Particular A verage（单独海损）Total Loss (全损Fixed pricing (固定价格）Flexible pricing (非固定价格）Partial fixed price and partial unfixed price （部分固定、部分不固定价格）Floating pricing（规定滑动价格）Drawer 出票人Drawee付款人Payee 收款人Acceptor 承兑人Endorser 背书人Endorsee 被背书人Acceptor for honour 参加承兑人Guarantor 保证人Holder 持票人Holder for value 付对价持票人Documentary L/C 跟单信用证Clean L/C 光票信用证(EXCEPT non-shipping documents such as invoice, prepayment list) Irrevocable L/C 不可撤消信用证Revocable L/C 可撤消信用Confirmed L/C 保兑信用证Unconfirmed L/C 不保兑信用证Sight Payment L/C 即期付款信用证Deferred Payment L/C 延期付款信用证Acceptance L/C 承兑信用证Banker’s Acceptance L/C 银行承兑信用证Negotiation L/C 议付信用证。

商务英语翻译必备专业术语

Stock Market 股票市场Active Stock 热门股Bank-held Stock 银行持有股票Capital Stock 股票资本Common Stock 普通股Listed Stock 上市股票Treasury Stock 库藏股票Stock-buying Limit 股票买入限制Stock Exchange 股票/证券交易所Stock Manipulation 股票操纵User-Friendliness 用户友好的，易于操作的Share Prices 股价Home Appliance 家用电器Preferential Tax Treatment 税收优惠Distributor 经销商International Trade 国际贸易customs海关interest rate利率specification规格consignment托运exchange rate汇率default违约accounting会计statement of account会计报表current account往来账户/存款额1 / 5debit/debtor account借方账项credit/creditor account贷方账项account payable应付帐account receivable应收帐cash account现金账running account流水账overdue account过期账/延滞账American Treasury Bonds 美国长期债券American Government Bonds 美国政府债券Money Market 金融市场The Money Market 资本市场Money Market Fund 货币市场基金Money circulation 融资/货币流通Money Laundering 洗钱Anti-money Laundering 反洗钱Money Laundering Countermeasures 反洗钱Public Funds 公款International Hot Money 国际游资Funds Management 资金管理Money Claims 货币债权Inquiry Sheet 询价单Outstanding 未付款的、未结账的Make a deal 做一笔交易Deal in 经营，做生意2 / 5Trade Circles 贸易界Business Scope/Frame 经营范围Invisible Trade 无形贸易Barter Trade 易货贸易Multilateral Trade 多边贸易Counter Trade 对销/抵偿贸易Compensation Trade 补偿贸易Counter Purchase 互购贸易Buy-back 回购贸易Processing Trade 加工贸易Leasing Trade 租赁贸易Trade Agreement 贸易协议Credit Reference 信用参考资料Financial Standing 财务状况Capital Injection 资本注入Life Insurer 寿险公司Financial Institution 金融机构Pursuant to 依据，按照Serial Number 序列号Stipulate 规定，订定An integral part 组成部分A name vessel 记名货船Bill of lading 提单The date of issuance 签发日期3 / 5Accounting information 财务资料Bank loan 银行贷款Business year 会计年度Earning reports 业绩报表Bad loans 不良贷款Running royalty 变动专利权税An equity position 权益情况Scores 评估数据Underwriter 核保人an competitive price 具有竞争力的报价on a regular basis 定期地place substantial orders 大量订货double dip 二次探底panel jurisdiction 专家组裁决port of destination 目的港vested interest 既得利益Technology-intensive products 技术密集型产品Banking industry 银行业Commercial banking 商业银行业务International banking 国际银行业务Dollar depreciation 美元贬值Reserve for depreciation 折旧储备Bond transaction 证券交易Capital transaction 资本交易Foreign currency transaction 外币交易/买卖4 / 5Speculative transaction 投机性交易Anti-dumping 反倾销Exchange dumping 汇兑倾销Procurement 筹措/采购Fund procurement 资金筹措Internet procurement 网络采购Procurement professional 采购负责人5 / 5。

国际英语词汇大全解读国际的专业术语

国际英语词汇大全解读国际的专业术语国际交流日益频繁，英语作为一种通用语言在国际间的应用越来越广泛。

为了更好地理解国际交流中的专业术语，我们需要熟悉国际英语词汇的相关知识。

本文将通过解读国际的专业术语，帮助读者更好地理解国际交流中的词汇。

一、国际商务术语1. Import/Export（进出口）- 表示从一个国家或地区引进产品或商品，或者将产品或商品出口到其他国家或地区。

2. Freight（货运）- 指商品或货物的运输费用。

3. Customs（海关）- 负责监管进出口货物的机构，负责收取关税并检查货物是否符合法律法规。

4. Letter of Credit（信用证）- 一种支付机制，由买方银行开出，确保卖方能够收到款项。

5. Trade balance（贸易平衡）- 指一个国家或地区的进出口商品值之间的差额。

二、国际金融术语1. Exchange Rate（汇率）- 两种不同货币之间的比价。

2. Stock Market（股票市场）- 交易买卖股票的市场。

3. Foreign Direct Investment（外国直接投资）- 指一个国家或个人投资于另一个国家的实体或设施。

4. Dividend（股息）- 公司分配给股东的盈利部分。

5. Currency（货币）- 一种通用的支付和交换手段。

三、国际政治术语1. United Nations（联合国）- 国际组织，由193个国家组成，致力于维护国际和平与安全。

2. Diplomacy（外交）- 国家间通过交际手段解决问题的方式。

3. Human Rights（人权）- 指与每个人通过生活所应享有的基本权利。

4. United Nations Security Council（联合国安全理事会）- 负责维护国际和平与安全的联合国机构。

5. Treaty（条约）- 国家之间达成的正式协议。

四、国际贸易术语1. Free Trade（自由贸易）- 指国家之间不设限制的贸易形式。

商务英语高频词汇

商务英语高频词汇
商务英语高频词汇包括：
1.价格（Price）：包括报价、还价、定价和折扣等。

2.付款（Payment）：涉及付款方式、信用证、汇款等。

3.装运（Shipment）：包括装运日期、运输方式、装运通知等。

4.合同（Contract）：包括合同条款、合同执行、合同变更等。

5.谈判（Negotiation）：包括报价、还价、交涉和协商等。

6.保险（Insurance）：涉及保险条款、保险费率和保险种类等。

7.索赔（Claim）：包括索赔理由、索赔处理和索赔解决等。

8.市场（Market）：包括市场调查、市场预测和市场拓展等。

9.营销（Marketing）：涉及营销策略、广告宣传、销售渠道等。

10.公司（Company）：包括公司介绍、公司组织架构、公司发展等。

除了这些核心词汇外，商务英语中还涉及到许多其他专业术语和词汇，具体可以根据实际业务需求进行学习和了解。

商务英语专有名词表述

外贸英语专有名词表述价格术语trade term (price term)装运港port of shipment 运费freight港口税port dues 单价price零售价retail price 码头费wharf age进口许口证import licence 总值total value现货价格spot price 卸货费landing charges出口许口证export licence 净价net price期货价格forward price 金额amount印花税stamp duty 关税customs duty含佣价price including commission现行价格（时价）current price prevailing price国际市场价格world (International)Market price离岸价（船上交货价）FOB-free on board成本加运费价（离岸加运费价）C&F-cost and freight到岸价（成本加运费、保险费价）CIF-cost,insurance and freigh交货delivery轮船steamship(缩写S.S)装运、装船shipment租船charter (the chartered ship)交货时间time of delivery定程租船voyage charter装运期限time of shipment定期租船time charter托运人（一般指出口商）shipper, consignor收货人consignee班轮regular shipping liner驳船lighter舱位shipping space油轮tanker报关clearance of goods陆运收据cargo receipt提货to take delivery of goods空运提单airway bill正本提单original B\\\\L选择港（任意港）optional port选港费optional charges选港费由买方负担optional charges to be borne by the Buyers 或optional charges for Buyers’ account一月份装船shipment during January 或January shipment一月底装船shipment not later than Jan.31st.或shipment on or before Jan.31st.一/二月份装船shipment during Jan./Feb.或Jan./Feb. shipment在......(时间)分两批装船shipment during....in two lots在......(时间)平均分两批装船shipment during....in two equal lots分三个月装运in three monthly shipments分三个月，每月平均装运in three equal monthly shipments立即装运immediate shipments即期装运prompt shipments收到信用证后30天内装运shipments within 30 days after receipt of L/C允许分批装船partial shipment not allowed partial shipment not permitted partial shipment not unacceptable合同签订contract订单indent订货；订购book; booking电复cable reply实盘firm offer递盘bid; bidding递实盘bid firm还盘counter offer发盘（发价）offer发实盘offer firm询盘（询价）inquiry; enquiry指示性价格price indication速复reply immediately参考价reference price习惯做法usual practice交易磋商business negotiation不受约束without engagement业务洽谈business discussion限**复subject to reply **限* *复到subject to reply reaching here **有效期限time of validity有效至**: valid till **购货合同purchase contract销售合同sales contract购货确认书purchase confirmation销售确认书sales confirmation一般交易条件general terms and conditions以未售出为准subject to prior sale需经卖方确认subject to seller’s confirmation需经我方最后确认subject to our final confirmation贸易方式trading formsINT (拍卖auction)寄售consignment招标invitation of tender投标submission of tender一般代理人agent总代理人general agent代理协议agency agreement累计佣金accumulative commission补偿贸易compensation trade （或抵偿贸易）compensating/compensatory trade （又叫：往返贸易）counter trade来料加工processing on giving materials来料装配assembling on provided parts独家经营/专营权exclusive right独家经营/包销/代理协议exclusivity agreement独家代理sole agency; sole agent; exclusive agency;exclusive agent品质quality原样original sample规格specifications 复样duplicate sample说明descripttion 对等样品countersample标准standard type 参考样品reference sample商品目录catalogue 封样sealed sample宣传小册pamphlet 公差tolerance货号article No. 花色（搭配）assortment样品sample 5% 增减5% plus or minus代表性样品representative sample大路货（良好平均品质）fair average quality商检仲裁commodity inspection arbitration索赔claim 争议disputes罚金条款penalty不可抗力force Majeure 仲裁庭arbitral tribunal产地证明书certificate of origin品质检验证书inspection certificate of quanlity重量检验证书inspection certificate of weight (quantity) **商品检验局**commodity inspection bureau (*.C.I.B) 品质、重量检验证书inspection certificate数量quatity个数number 净重net weight容积capacity 毛作净gross for net体积volume 皮重tare毛重gross weight溢短装条款more or less clause。

商务翻译术语

Room 室Floor 层Builing 单元Residential areas/Quarters 小区Dormitory 宿舍Lane/Alley 巷，弄Yard 院子District 区域Street 街Road/Avenue 路Garden 花园Square 广场Block/Plaze 大楼、大厦Town 镇County 县、郡Township 乡City 城市Municipality 直辖市Province 省Plc. 上市公司AG 德国股份有限公司Inc./Corp. 股份有限公司Co. 公司Ltd. 有限Workers 大型厂water workers 自来水厂Plant 含有机械、电力、制造业大型工厂power plant 发电厂Mill 手工业、轻工业厂paper mill 造纸厂textile mill 纺织厂fiour mill 面粉厂Headquarters=head office 总部Subsidiary 子公司Branch 分公司Laboratories 医药公司类Communication 通信公司Associates 联合公司Airlines 航空公司Networks 网络公司Commercial trade 商贸Chief/general/head/director 总Head chef 总厨general manager/GM 总经理Vice/associtate/deputy/assistant 副Vice mayer 副市长vice president 副总统Associtate professor 副教授associtate GM 副总经理Deputy director 副经理GM assistant 总经理助理CEO 首席执行官CFO 首席财政官COO 首席运营官CIO 首席资讯官CKO 首席顾问Chairman 董事长Production/operatian manger 生产部门经理Business manger 营销经理Human resource manger 人资经理Marketing manger 市场经理Project manger 项目经理Director of information srervices 信息服务主管Regional sales manger 地区销售经理Sales assistant 销售助理Trade representative 商务代表Manufacturer’s representativePersonals manger 人事部经理Operator 操作员Acting mayor 代理市长Honorary/emeritus headmaster 荣誉校长The secretary-general of the UN 联合国秘书长PHS/personal handphone system 小灵通。

商务术语翻译1

1．制成品 manufactured goods2.资本货物 capital goods3.国际收支 balance of payments4.经常项目 current account5. 有形贸易项目 visible trade account6.无形贸易项目 invisible trade account7.贸易顺差 trade surplus8.贸易逆差 trade deficit9.易货贸易 barter10.补偿贸易 compensation trade11.反向贸易 counter-trade12.组装生产 assembly manufacturing13.工商统一税 industrial and commercial consolidated tax14.合资企业 joint venture16.延期付款 deferred payment17. 买方信贷 buyer credit18.卖方信贷 supplier credit19.软贷款 (低息贷款) soft loan20.最惠国待遇 MFN treatment (Most Favored nation treatment)21.永久性正常贸易关系 PNTR(Permanent Normal Trading Relations)22.国民收入 NI(National Income)23.国民生产总值 GNP(Gross National Product)24.国内生产总值 GDP(Gross Domestic Product)25.国际复兴和开发银行 IBRD(International Bank for Reconstruction and Development)26.国际开发协会 IDA(International Development Association)27.国际金融公司 IFC(International Finance Comporation)28.经济合作和发展组织 OECD(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)29.国际清算银行 BIS(Bank for International Settlement)30.欧洲经济共同体 EEC(European Economic Community)31.欧洲联盟 EU(European Union)32.外商直接投资 FDI(Foreign Direct Investment)33.The special Economic Zone 经济特区34.a well-placed source 一位高层消息灵通人士35.infrastructure 基础设施36.capital stock 实际资本37.consumer goods 消费品38.preferential tax rate 优惠税率39.cooperative enterprise 合作（经营）企业40.ETDZ （ Economic &Technical Development Zone ）经济技术开发区41.entrepreneurship 企业家精神42.means of production 生产资料43.stock-taking 评估、盘点44.Allocation of resources 资源配置45.macroregulation and control 宏观调控46.fiscal policies 财政政策47.tight monetary policy 紧缩的货币政策48.working capital 运营资本49.basic policy 基本国策50.technical transformation 技术革新51.in piecemeal form： piece by piece；gradually 逐渐地52.showpiece： a prime or outstanding example 典范53.pipedream： fantasy； daydream； dream that cannot be realized 白日梦54.from scratch： from the very beginning 从零开始，从最初开始55.grassroots： basic level 基层56.the dust settles： the confusion ends 尘埃落定57.in the driver’s seat： in the dominant position。

商务英语的专业术语

商务英语涉及许多专业术语，以下是其中一些常见的术语：1. 国际贸易术语（INCOTERMS）：是一套国际贸易中常用的术语，用于明确买卖双方在货物运输、保险、关税等方面的责任和费用。

常见的国际贸易术语包括FOB（船上交货）、CIF（成本加保险费加运费）等。

2. 商业发票（Commercial Invoice）：是出口商向进口商开立的说明货物名称、数量、价值、装运条款等内容的账单，是进口商清关、报税的重要文件。

3. 提单（Bill of Lading）：是承运人签发的证明货物已经装船并保证在指定目的地交货给收货人的凭证。

4. 信用证（Letter of Credit）：是一种由银行开立的保证付款文件，进口商凭以向出口商支付货款的支付方式。

5. 谈判（Negotiation）：是指贸易双方就交易条件进行协商，达成一致意见的过程。

6. 贸易壁垒（Trade Barrier）：是指妨碍国际贸易进行的因素，例如关税、配额、许可证等。

7. 反倾销税（Anti-dumping Duties）：是一种保护国内产业的措施，对倾销商品征收反倾销税，以消除其对国内产业的损害。

8. 贸易顺差/逆差（Trade Surplus/Deficit）：是指一国出口总额与进口总额之间的差额，贸易顺差表示出口额大于进口额，贸易逆差表示进口额大于出口额。

9. 贸易伙伴关系（Trade Partnership）：是指两个或多个国家之间通过签订贸易协定或建立自由贸易区等方式建立的贸易关系，旨在促进贸易自由化和加强经济合作。

10. 贸易条件（Terms of Trade）：是指一国出口商品与其进口商品之间的价格关系，通常用出口商品价格指数与进口商品价格指数之比来表示。

以上仅是商务英语中常用的一些术语，实际上商务英语中还有许多专业术语，根据具体的行业和业务领域有所不同。

商务英语专业术语词汇

商务英语专业术语词汇一、市场营销专业术语1. 市场细分（market segmentation）市场细分是指将整个市场划分为若干个更具体和具有相似需求的小市场的过程。

通过市场细分，企业可以更好地了解不同消费者群体的需求和行为，从而制定针对性的营销策略。

2. 市场定位（market positioning）市场定位是指企业通过确定自己的产品或服务在目标市场中相对于竞争对手的独特地位，以满足目标消费者的需求和期望。

通过市场定位，企业可以建立自己在市场中的形象，使消费者对其产生认知和好感。

3. 品牌管理（brand management）品牌管理是指企业通过策划、执行和控制各项与品牌相关的活动，以提高品牌的认知度、美誉度和忠诚度。

品牌管理可以帮助企业树立独特的形象和品牌价值，与消费者建立稳固的情感连接。

4. 市场调研（market research）市场调研是指通过收集、分析和解释有关市场、消费者和竞争对手的信息，以支持制定市场营销决策的过程。

市场调研可以帮助企业了解市场的需求和趋势，预测市场变化，并为产品开发和营销活动提供决策依据。

5. 客户关系管理（customer relationship management）客户关系管理是指企业通过建立和维护与客户之间的长期关系，以达到挖掘客户价值、增加客户忠诚度和提高营销绩效的目标。

客户关系管理包括客户的分类、沟通、满意度调查及售后服务等一系列活动。

二、经济学专业术语1. 市场经济（market economy）市场经济是指以市场供求关系为基础，通过价格机制和竞争机制调节资源配置、生产活动和分配关系的经济模式。

市场经济注重市场的自由运行和资源的有效配置，以实现经济的增长和效益最大化。

2. 政府干预（government intervention）政府干预是指政府通过法规、政策和控制措施对市场经济进行调控和管理的行为。

政府干预的目的是维护市场秩序、保护消费者权益、推动经济的可持续发展和社会的公平正义。

商务专有名词

商务专业术语Order在商务英语中order通常表示“定单”、“所定的货”。

We place orders with them regularly.我们定期向他们定货。

We can supply your order within three weeks.我们能在三周内为贵方提供定货。

made out to order(提单)做成凭指示的。

order B/L指示提单full set of clean on board B/L made out to order and endorsed in blank.全套清洁已装船做成凭指示和空白背书的提单。

discount通常可指“折扣”You can get a 10% discount for paying cash.如付现，你可享受10%的折扣。

但如句子或文章谈的是票据的话就要注意，它可能指的是“贴现”。

The bill of exchange was bought at a discount.此票据是贴现购进的。

Accept无论是普通英语还是商务英语，accept 通常指“接受”。

We accept your order No.123.我方接受你方124号定单。

在谈及银行、票据时，指“承兑”。

The bill of exchange was accepted for payment.汇票以承兑付款。

Honor通常和accept 意义相同，表示“承兑”票据。

The bank refused to honor the cheque.银行拒绝承兑支票。

相反，dishonor 指拒绝承兑（支票、汇票）Presentation在商务英语中通常指“交付”或“出示”支票或汇票，要求兑现。

The bill was payable on presentation.这张是见票即付汇票。

Issueissue 作为动词表示银行开立信用证。

The bank is asked to issue the L/C next week.银行要于下周开证Issue a draft 出票Correspondent指代理银行The bank has no branch in that place but we can arrange for you to deal with its correspondent there.这家银行在当地没有分杭，我们可以为你安排与大地代理行接洽。

商务英语专有名词翻译

商务英语名词翻译 Unit 1 CICSC United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, 是《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》的简称。

trade terms 交易条款sales contract 销售合同price list 价格单reference price 参考价name of commodity 品名；商品名称 quantity 数量 withdrawal of offer 撤回发盘 revocation of offer 撤销发盘 termination of offer 终止发盘inquiry 询盘offer 发盘；报盘；实盘offeror 发盘人 offeree 受盘人 firm offer 实盘 non-offer 虚盘indefinite offer 虚盘counter-offer 还盘accept 承诺contract 合同（契约） termination of a contract 合同的终止suspension of a contract 合同的中止 Unit 2 claim damages 损害索赔 claim clause 索赔条款 compensation 补偿 the party in the breach 违约方difference 差额interest 利息bona fide party 当事人 Unit 3 WTO World Trade Organization, 世界贸易组织the Final Act 指乌拉圭回合多边谈判的最终议案Uruguay Round 乌拉圭回合 accountable 负责的，需要解释的 ground-rule 基本准则decision-making body 决策机构the General Council 总理事会 the Dispute Settlement Body 争端协调机构the Trade Policy Review Body 贸易政策评审机构GATT the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, 《关税与贸易总协定》，简称关贸总协定。

商务英语翻译专有名词

unfavorable balance of trade 贸易逆差bank portfolio 银行资产housing mortgages 住房按揭barter trade 易货贸易bills and forms 单据和表格fiscal year 财政年度cargo insurance 货物保险carrying vessel 装货船只clean payment credit 光票付款信用证clearance sale 清仓减价销售accounting system会计制度comparative advantage 比较优势economic incentives经济动机financial statements财务报表bills of exchange汇票captioned goods上述商品floating policy统保单International speciallzation 国际分工Straight B/L 记名提单under separate cover 另函irrevocable letter of credit 不可撤销信用证付现提货CIF 到岸价FOB 离岸价Turnover 营业额foreign exchange 外汇barter 易货贸易capital goods 资本货物layoff裁员jobless rate 失业率profit margin 利润new growth industry 新兴行业marketing 营销estimated time of departure 预计离开时间estimated time of arrival 预计到达时间bottom price 最低价average 海损trial order 试订单canton fair 广交会discount for cash 贴现commission sale 代售CIF net 到岸净价actual price 实价beat the price down 压价decline an offer 拒绝发盘initial payment 首期付款accessory risk 附加险cargo in drum 桶装bale packaging 打包master package外包装shipping advice 装船通知over shipment 溢装partials shipment 分批装运demand bill 即期汇票aggregate amount 总金额advising bank 通知行amount in figures 小写金额circular credit 循环信用证active demand 畅销acceptance sampling 抽样认可advance sheet 样本bargain sale 大减价business report 商业报告clearance sale 清仓价销售commercial world 商界depressed market 萧条的市场end-product 成品direct sales 直接销售credit man 信用调查员corner the market 垄断市场consumer price index 消费者物价指数custom of trade 贸易惯例deal direct 直接交易develop new markets 拓展新市场domestic price 国内价格express airmail 特快急件Commercial L/C 商业信用证absolute acceptance 绝对承兑after sight 见票付款authority to pay 授权付款on blank check 空白支票document against acceptance 承兑交单first of exchange 汇票正本foreign currency 外币foreign exchange rate 外汇率in one’s favour以…为受益人Inland bill 国内汇票Freight payable at destination 运费到付Short shipment 短装Line steamer 班轮Bill of lading 提单Clean bill of lading清洁提单Business correspondence 公函Inside address 封内地址Printed matter 印刷品Agency endorsement 代理背书Commission agent 佣金代理商Volume of sales 销售量Different specification 规格不符Incomplete packing 包装不全Counter-claim 反索赔Mala fide claim 骗赔Non-shipment 漏装Short-landing 短卸Negotiating bank 议付行Notifying bank 通知行今日は休みで町で接在体言后表”在”今日は休みで、勉强しませんから、出挂けます今日は休みで、午前から勉强しますMaster credit 主信用证Confirming bank 保兑行Transit letter of credit 转口信用证Tender guarantee 投标保证书Packing credit 打包信用证Sight L/C 即期信用证Adverse balance of trade 贸易逆差Articles of trade 商品Branded goods 名牌货Chinese export commodities fair 中国出口商品交易会Deal on credit 信用交易Diversified enterprise 多样化经营的企业Spot investigation现场调查Trade creation 贸易开拓Wholesale dealer 批发商Bottom price 最低价Commodities leaflet 商品宣传单Lowest price limit 最低限价Potential demand 潜在需求Apportioned charges 分摊费用Buying cost 购入成本Buying on margin 边际购买Capital in trade 贸易本钱Customs clearing charges 结关费CIF&W成本保险费运费加战争险Floating exchange rate 浮动汇率Sales confirmation 销售确认书Quotation 报价External debt 外债Hard currency 硬通货Invisible trade 无形贸易Visible trade 有形贸易Port of shipment 装运港Port of discharge 卸货港Counter trade 对销贸易Macroeconomy 宏观经济Financial statement 财政报表Income tax 个人所得税Chartering agent 租船代理Shipping advice 装船通知Shipping documents 装船单据Documentary credit 跟单信用证Debtor nations 债务国Instrument of pledge 抵押契据Instrument of ratification 批准证书Straight bill of lading 记名提单Direct bill of lading 直达提单Clean credit光票信用证Packing list 装箱单Inspection certification 检验证书Open policy 预约保单Force majeure 不可抗力Property rights 知识产权Royalty 提成费Trimming charges 平仓费Insurance policy 保险单Coverage 险别Premium 保险费Underwriter 保险人Establishment 开证Counter offer 还盘Counter suggestion 反还盘Bid 递盘Surcharges 附加费Proforma invoice 形式发票Terms of payment付款方式Documents against payment付款交单Weight memo重量单Certificate of quality 质量证书Certificate of quantity 数量证书Cash on delivery 货到付款Gross weight 毛重Net weight 净重Certificate of origin 原产地证明Product life cycle 产品生命周期Security check 安检Liquid funds 流动资金Fixed assets 固定资产Registered assets 注册资金Export volume 出口量Sales figures 销售数字Operating profits 运营利润Work force 劳动力Bills 汇票Multinational corporation 跨国公司GATT 关贸总协定Turnkey projects 交钥匙工程Direct investment 直接投资Portfolio investment 证券投资Lay days 装卸天数Loading capacity 载荷能力Port of destination 目的港Deposits 订金Issuing bank 开证行Paying bank 支付行Quota 配额Cover notes 暂保单Down payment 首付Earnest money 定金Balance sheet 资产负债表Money market 金融市场Draw at sight 见票即付。