山东德州市第一中学高中英语阅读理解高考重点题型及易错点提醒doc

一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解Empathy (同理心)is one of those strange qualities—something almost everyone wants, but few know how to truly give or receive it. In a world where self-satisfaction is emphasized, it is in short supply but high demand. This is all the more reason to teach the next generation what it means to have empathy for those around them.What Is Empathy?— Many people confuse sympathy and empathy, but they are two distinct values. Empathy is not just the ability to understand someone's feelings; criminals often take advantage of people by appearing to understand their feelings and subsequently gaining their trust. Empathy is more than that. Not only is it the ability to recognize how someone feels, but it also values and respects the feelings of another person. It means treating others with kindness, dignity, and understanding.Kids Need To See Adults Show Empathy—While some children are gifted with naturally kind hearts, in most cases kids need to see empathy modeled by the adults around them. It begins with the way parents relate to their children. Parents who show an interest in the things that matter to their kids and respond to emotions in a positive and caring way are teaching the skill of empathy.Meet Emotional Needs—When children have their emotional needs met, two things happen. They learn how to meet the emotional needs of others and they are anchored in what they are receiving, meaning that they are secure enough to give to others when the need arises but first they need to receive. An empty jug cannot fill a cup.It's a good idea to talk to kids about emotions and how other people experience them. Give their emotions names (for example, jealousy, anger, and love) and teach them that these are normal. Talk to them about how to handle emotions in a positive way and point out situations where other people are experiencing emotions. Teach them about respecting the emotions of others and show them how to act in a situation where a response is required.（1）Why is it that the next generation are taught to have empathy?A. Because people tend to center themselves.B. Because everyone lacks empathy.C. Because empathy is a strange quality.D. Because it's better to give than to receive.（2）Which situation can empathy be used in?A.When a mathematician is calculating the area of a farmland.B.When a teacher is comforting a student about his failure in exams.C.When a criminal is cheating a victim.D.When a dancer is dancing to music.（3）What does the underlined sentence "An empty jug cannot fill a cup" mean?A.An empty jug is too small to hold a cup.B.It's a must to talk to kids about emotions.C.Adults should set an example to kids.D.Kids give empathy with their emotional needs met first.（4）What is the main topic of the passage?A.How to train kids to have empathy.B.How to distinguish sympathy and empathy.C.How to help kids finish empathy-related tasks.D.Whether kids can be trained to be more empathetic.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，在一个强调自我满足的世界里，我们更有理由教导下一代，对周围的人抱有同理心意味着什么。

同时说明了同理心的含义，以及如何培养孩子的同理心。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的”In a world where self-satisfaction is emphasized, it is in short supply but high demand. This is all the more reason to teach the next generation what it means to have empathy for those around them.“在一个强调自我满足的世界里，它供不应求。

因此，我们更有理由教导下一代，对周围的人抱有同理心意味着什么。

可知，下一代人被教导要有同理心，因为人们往往以自己为中心。

故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的”While some children are gifted with naturally kind hearts, in most cases kids need to see em pathy modeled by the adults around them.“虽然有些孩子天生就有一颗善良的心，但在大多数情况下，孩子们需要看到他们周围成年人的同情心。

故选B。

（3）考查句义猜测。

根据第四段中的”Meet Emotional Needs—When children have their emotional needs met, two things happen. They learn how to meet the emotional needs of others and they are anchored in what they are receiving, meaning that they are secure enough to give to others when the need arises but first they need to receive.“满足情感需求——当孩子们的情感需求得到满足时，会发生两件事。

他们学习如何满足他人的情感需求，他们被锚定在他们所接受的东西上，这意味着当需求出现时，他们有足够的安全感去给予他人，但首先他们需要接受。

可知，要想孩子们有同理心，必须首先满足他们自己的情感需求。

故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的”This is all the more reason to teach the next generation what it means to have empathy for those around them.“因此，我们更有理由教导下一代，对周围的人抱有同理心意味着什么。

以及文章主要内容为如何教导孩子拥有同理心客栈，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，句义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解I spend half of my life with my mother and the other half with my father. My father lives with a twenty-pound cat named Tofu. He calls me his favorite daughter. I am an only child.My father's apartment is quite different from any other person's living space. Except for my room, there is no furniture. He doesn't like sofas or any comfortable chairs, so he has only adrawing table, a desk and his bed. He spends a lot of time lying on the studio floor. That's how he thinks, he says. Then he does yogaHe has a big kitchen, and on top of the refrigerator is an old clock he winds every week for good luck. The last time the clock stopped, my father's car was towed(被警察拖走) and some other terrible things happened, so he has become very superstitious (迷信的) . When he goes out of town, he hires someone to feed Tofu and wind the clock so it won't stop.The one thing he has plenty of is house rules. You have to take off your shoes when you come in. He won't allow anyone who wears a baseball cap into his house. He says only baseball players should wear baseball caps and only the catchers should wear them backward. Every time I go to stay in his house, he makes up a new rule. "House rule number 579, no television programs with laugh tracks!" he will say. But then be can never remember the numbers, so they change constantly.The rule that he always enforces is the one that requires me to write a two-page essay anytime I want something. He didn't speak English until he was sixteen, and he had a hard time learning to write it, so he wants me to become a good writer at an early age. This ritual(仪式)started when I asked him if I could have my ears pierced when I was nine. He said it was very cruel and told me I couldn't do it until I was thirty-five. But l kept asking him, and he finally said that if I wrote an essay and I could persuade him in writing why I wanted holes in my ears, maybe he would say okay. I wrote my first essay for my father, and after one month of writing and rewriting, he finally gave me his permission.（1）What is unusual about the father's apartment?A.It has a large kitchen.B.The father does yoga at home.C.It is scarcely furnished.D.The father spends a lot of time on the floor.（2）Which of the following is an example of the house rules?A.Someone is hired to feed Tofu.B.You can't wear shoes in the house.C.Baseball players are not allowed into the apartment.D.The writer can't watch television programs in the apartment.（3）Which of these statements about the clock is TRUE?A.It is not an automatic one.B.Her father doesn't like the clock.C.It can bring good luck to them.D.Someone is hired to wind it every week.（4）We can infer that the writer's father____.A.was a famous writerB.was born in the United StatesC.was a caring and strict fatherD.speaks more than one language【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了自己父亲的生活以及处事原则。