日本中金综合研究所相关专家来访音频整理资料
ペロブスカイトペロブスカイト担持金属触媒担持金属触媒に
CH4 CHx H２O PdO OL 格子酸素 perovskite Pt OL 格子酸素
CH4/H2O → CH4
CO + CO2 normalized conc. / -
CO/H2
Time on stream / s
Pd/LaAlO3はPd/α-Al2O3よりCO, CO2を多く生成 H2Oが存在しなくても、格子酸素 格子酸素の 格子酸素の 消費によってCO, CO2を生成できる。 消費 CH4/H2O → H2O
供給ガス濃度を瞬時に切り替えた直後の生成物の推移を調べる CH4 conversion / % Pt/LaAlO3 Pd/LaAlO3
Pd/α-Al2O3 Pt/α-Al2O3
Time on stream / s ▲α-Al2O3担体とペロブスカイト担体の活性の比較
【反応メカニズム】 CO/H2 CHx
ペロブスカイト触媒は格子酸素の消費 消費に 消費 よって吸着 吸着CHxの酸化を 酸化を促進し、その格子 促進 酸素は水蒸気によって再生 再生されていると考 再生 えられる。 ■Pd/perovskite Pd⇄PdOのredoxによって反応は進行す るが CH4は容易に吸着しC-H結合を解離 するので炭素が析出しやすい。担体の格 子酸素によってCHxの酸化が 酸化が促進されるこ 促進 とで炭素になる前にCOに改質されやすく なり、同時に炭素析出を抑制している。 ■Pt/perovskite Pt上へのCH4の吸着は遅くH2Oもほとん ど解離しないが、担体の格子酸素 格子酸素の 格子酸素の放出 は容易で 容易 CHxとすばやく反応するため活性 が発現する。
ペロブスカイト担持金属触媒 ペロブスカイト担持金属触媒による 担持金属触媒による メタン水蒸気改質 メタン水蒸気改質の 水蒸気改質の過渡応答解析
清华大学五道口金融学院金融学-联合培养考博真题内部资料参考书
清华大学五道口金融学院金融学-联合培养考博真题内部资料参考书一、专业的设置金融学-联合培养方向共有导师：周小川，刘士余，吴晓灵，陈元，郭树清，穆怀朋，王兆星，谢平，赵海英，秦晓，钱小安，李剑阁，胡晓炼，王华庆，潘功胜，李东荣，张晓慧，盛松成，纪志宏，金中夏，杨凯生，姚刚22位，是一个考博热门方向，一方面是因为老师们长期从事此领域的教学和科研工作，对此领域很有造诣，另一方面是因为这一个方向本身有研究的学术价值，并且在社会主义现代化建设的关键时期，这个专业的人才正是是社会所需要的，有很好的就业前景。
本方向统一报考导师为周小川，入学以后再确定导师。
二、考试的科目金融学-联合培养：①101英语②834计量经济学③501综合考试，其中综合考试为笔试+面试，笔试科目为经济金融学；加试：同等学力考生需加试自然辩证法、投资学、公司金融。
三、导师介绍周小川（外聘），职称：研究员，博士生导师，单位：中国人民银行，职务：行长、党委书记。
周小川，男，汉族，1948年1月生，江苏宜兴人，1968年7月参加工作，1986年3月加入中国共产党，清华大学自动化系系统工程专业毕业，研究生学历，工学博士学位，研究员。
现任十二届全国政协副主席，中国人民银行行长、党委书记。
刘士余（外聘），职称：研究员，博士生导师，单位：中国农业银行，职务：党委书记、董事长。
刘士余，男，汉族，1961年11月出生，江苏灌云人，中共党员，1984年8月参加工作，清华大学水利工程系水利水电工程专业学士，清华大学经济管理学院管理科学与工程专业硕士、技术经济学博士，研究员。
现任中国农业银行党委书记、董事长。
吴晓灵，职称：教授，博士生导师，单位：清华大学五道口金融学院，职务：院长。
吴晓灵，女，中国人民银行原副行长、国家外管局原局长。
1947年1月生。
研究生学历。
1984年中国人民银行研究生部毕业。
经济学硕士学位，研究员。
2008年3月5日，在第十一届全国人民代表大会第一次会议上，当选为第十一届全国人民代表大会财政经济委员会副主任委员。
日本制造对话中国制造观后任尚丽
《日本学论坛》 2008年第4期总第190期《日本制造对话中国制造》观后 [中图分类号]Ｆ279.313[文献标识码]Ａ [文章编号]1008-1593(2008)04-0085-06 [收稿日期]2008-11-04 东北师范大学日本研究所每学年都要开设“稻盛和夫经营哲学研究”的课程,讲述世界知名企业家稻盛和夫的人文理念和经营哲学。
该课程以讲授为主,同时结合课堂讨论、企业经营录像等形式,力求理论联系实际,给学生以全新的感受。
除世界经济专业外,国际政治、世界历史、日语语言文学专业的同学也都选择这门课程。
2008年5月11日,中央电视台播出了《日本制造对话中国制造》,稻盛和夫先生与国务院发展研究中心副主任陈清泰作为嘉宾谈了中日制造业的差别及各自的问题。
2008年10月9日,日本研究所的硕士研究生组织收看了京瓷北京事务所寄来的这期节目的光盘,10月16日下午,日本所举行了观看《日本制造对话中国制造》的座谈会,发言的主要有世界经济专业的硕士研究生姜淼、任尚丽,国际政治专业的硕士研究生刘爽、胡运哲。
根据会上发言顺序将纪要整理如下: “中国制造”应该借鉴东邻经验中国作为一个全球新兴的制造业大国,为世界所公认,其未来的趋势与地位,被认为可直追19世纪的英国制造业及20世纪的日本及美国制造业。
然而,中国制造业的前景是否真是如此乐观,中国制造与处于当今世界领先地位的日本制造业差距在哪里,应该如何改善中国制造存在的问题,这是值得我们深思的。
今天中国之所以获得世界工厂的称誉,是建立在大量耗用原材料、大量耗用能源、大量耗用初级劳动力、大量进口发达国家的知识技术产权以及大量牺牲环保及生态资源的成本之上的。
世界经济论坛(ＷＥＦ)2006年9月26日公布的2006～2007年度《全球竞争力报告》显示:自2002年以来,中国内地ＧＤＰ高速增长的同时全球竞争力却在急剧下滑,先是2002年的第33位,2003年掉到了第44位,再到2004年的第46位,2005年的第49位。
复星利用消博会重要平台 推动自贸港双循环发展
34《中国外资》 2021年6月（上）第11期FOREIGN lNVESTMENT IN CHINA Jun62021中国外资3.0标杆项目——三亚亚特兰蒂斯，遍布全球六大洲40多个国家的法国“精致一价全包”度假村品牌Club Med，源于英国的知名旅游品牌Thomas Cook托迈酷客生活方式平台、旅游目的地专业运营商ALBION（爱必侬）度假村、一站式玩学俱乐部Miniversity 迷你营、欧洲野奢精品度假生活方式的先锋品牌Casa Cook，以及汇集了这些品牌的FOLIDAY生活方式线下场景复游城等，并设计了多款休闲度假产品在消博会上独家发售。
另外，复星旅文零售也首次亮相本届消博会。
除此之外，豫园股份等复星生态体系内产业集团所辖众多国内知名消费品牌、老字号，以及外部合作伙伴品牌，如上海表、海鸥表、孔雀表、金徽酒、舍得酒、沱牌酒、梅眉青梅酒、豫园文创、童涵春堂，以及老庙、豫园珠宝创意之家等，均随复星一道积极参与到此次消博会的展出当中。
值得一提的是，消博会期间，复星及旗下成员企业、合作伙伴的多个国际知名消费品牌首发、首秀了多款新品，如：LANVIN带来全新2021春夏系列及限量“情诗”胶囊系列；ST. JOHN 展出融匠心针织工艺的全新2021春夏系列；Wolford展示融合创新精神和精湛工艺的2021春夏系列；WWFC狼队潮品展出狼队主场队服及足球周边潮流时尚服饰类产品；WEI蔚蓝之美带来新品“沁莲莹润系列”；DJULA带来“华丽摇滚系列”的耳环、项链、手链等珠宝；老庙带来了古韵金竹韵年年系列；“豫园珠宝创意之家”则将主题定位为“原创中国美”，展示平台下年轻设计师与众不同的作品；梅眉青梅酒则针对“酒精小白”和爱酒人士推出低酒精度数酒饮——梅眉日日晴青梅气泡酒；Silver Cross全新的“儿童恒温睡袋”以及“儿童魔豆被”也藉此契机首发亮相; 京都之家携匠人名物亮相消博会，展出百年锡器平安清课堂器物、有着 “京都老铺”美誉创立于1839年的鸣物制作品牌“南条和哉--颂钵”，并设立创立于1726年的松井酒造清酒专区。
RP355中文说明书
产品规格．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． ３０ 表情踏板 － 参数分配．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． ３２ 音色库目录．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．３３ 效果库目录．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．３３
失真类型旋钮2失真度旋钮3参数1旋钮4参数2旋钮5参数3旋钮6失真音量p7只能通过xedit调节scream过载音色电平808过载音色电平spark增益音色清澈音量oddriv过载电平dod250增益电平redlne增益低频高频电平rodent失真滤波电平mxdist失真输出dsdist增益音色电平grunge失真度底部表面音量zone增益低音中频高频电平中频频点death低音中频高频电平gonklt粘稠度尾音咬合拖拉8tavia过载音量fuzltr法兹音色松紧音量clasfz法兹音色音量fuzz法兹音量bigpi延音音色音量tm16放大器模拟提供了多种主流的现代与经典放大器类型模拟同时包括了箱琴模拟功能
包含组件
在开始使用之前，请确认是否包含以下部件： • ＲＰ３５５效果器 • Ｃｕｂａｓｅ ® ＬＥ４录音软件ＤＶＤ • ＰＳ０９１３Ｂ电源 • 保修卡
ＲＰ３５５在生产时都是精心制作的，所有组件都将包含并功能完善。如果有任何遗失请第一时间 与厂家联系。请在购买之后将产品保修卡寄给我们或者在ｗｗｗ．ｄｉｇｉｔｅｃｈ．ｃｏｍ进行网上注册，它 将是你遇到问题时的有效保证。
第二部分 － 编辑功能
编辑／创作预设．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． １１ 储存／复制／命名预设．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． １２
日语学习资料：天声人语之金价飙升如何应对
日语学习资料：天声人语之金价飙升如何应对关键字：日语学习资料：天声人语,日语学习资料《天声人语》是日本权威报纸《朝日新闻》编辑部集体撰写的时事类短文，内容涉及日本社会的所有方面。
对于日语学习者，阅读和翻译它，无疑是了解日本、提高自己日语水平的大好方法。
2011年4月14日(木)付ことばの響きが与える印象を音相(おんそう)と呼ぶそうだ。
その道を究めた木通(きどおし)隆行さんの著書によると、濁音はうっとうしくて暗い半面、豪華で重厚な趣を醸す。
たとえばGとDの濁音がまじる「ぎゅうどん」には、不動の安定感があるという词语给人留下的印象称为“音相”。
该领域的宗师木通隆行曾在其著书中如此写道“浊音沉闷，阴沉，但同时也带有一种豪华和稳重的味道”。
例如，带有浊音“G”和“D”的“牛肉盖浇饭”(日语为「ぎゅうどん」)，就给人一种稳定的感觉。
▼同じ音を含む「ゴールド」も信頼では牛丼に劣らない。
腐食に強く、天災や戦火、革命や恐慌をくぐり抜け、最悪の原発事故にもさして動じない。
よく言う有事の金(きん)である而同样含有这两个浊音的“GOLD”(黄金，日语为「ゴールド」)的可靠程度也绝不亚于牛肉盖浇饭。
黄金不易腐蚀，并且成功克服了天灾，战火以及革命带来的恐慌，即使在核电站发生事故这种最坏的情况下仍然毫不动摇。
不愧是“以防万一的金子”。
▼先週来、ニューヨークの金相場が空前の高値となった。
リビア内戦で石油がまた上がり、株などのペーパーマネーから資金が流入しているらしい。
震災直後には資金需要を見込んで売られたものの、すぐ右上がりに戻った自上周以来，纽约的金价创下历史新高。
这是因为由于利比亚的内战，石油价格再次上涨，同时资金通过股票等纸币流入市场所引起的。
在地震发生后不久，因为人们预测资金需求会有所增长，因此纷纷抛售手中的黄金(因此金价下降)，但之后很快又开始回升。
▼金の価値を支えるのは、地球を掘り尽くしても総量が直径30メートルほどの球にしかならない希少性だ。
中信建投资料与面经
中信建投的资料中信建投简介 (1)研究发展部简介 (2)研究所大事记 (3)中信建投正式成立华夏证券将成历史 (7)面试-投资银行 (8)人大学姐面试-多家面试集锦 (9)中信建投面经和笔试 (11)中信建投简介中信建投证券有限责任公司是经中国证监会批准，由中信证券股份有限公司和中国建银投资有限责任公司共同发起设立的全国性综合类证券公司。
公司主要业务包括：证券承销与保荐业务、证券经纪业务、证券自营业务、证券投资咨询业务（含财务顾问业务）及中国证监会批准的其它业务。
中信建投证券于2005年11月2日正式成立，注册于中国北京，注册资本金27亿元。
其中，中信证券股份有限公司出资比例为60%，中国建银投资有限责任公司出资比例为40%。
中信证券股份有限公司是中国中信集团公司控股的国内第一家公开发行上市的证券公司，也是第一批取得创新试点资格的证券公司。
根据中国证券业协会统计，近年来中信证券资产规模、利润总额、净资本及净资产等指标在全行业中一直名列前茅。
中国建银投资有限责任公司是中央汇金投资有限责任公司全资拥有的国有独资投资公司，是国家授权的投资机构，公司注册资本206.92亿元。
公司在资产管理、资本运作、企业重组、投资管理等方面拥有很强的实力和优势。
中信建投证券目前在全国共设有117个营业网点，覆盖全国20个省（市）80多个城市，是国内网点覆盖面较广的证券公司之一。
公司主要业务指标均位于同行业前十名。
2008年，公司实现总收入41.30亿元，完成净利润17.39亿元，公司年末净资产达到52.14亿元，是一家资产优良、内控严密、管理先进、效益良好的优质证券公司。
组织结构研究发展部简介中信建投证券研究发展部成立于1998年5月（原名华夏证券研究所），是我国较早独立注册的证券研究机构，在业内具有较高的知名度和较强的影响力。
研究发展部拥有近50名接受过国际培训的专业研究人员，全部拥有硕士以上学位，具有所研究行业和经济方面的双重专业背景，接受过国外与国内证券分析接轨的系统培训和实践锻炼。
3GPP TS 36.331 V13.2.0 (2016-06)
3GPP TS 36.331 V13.2.0 (2016-06)Technical Specification3rd Generation Partnership Project;Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network;Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA);Radio Resource Control (RRC);Protocol specification(Release 13)The present document has been developed within the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP TM) and may be further elaborated for the purposes of 3GPP. The present document has not been subject to any approval process by the 3GPP Organizational Partners and shall not be implemented.This Specification is provided for future development work within 3GPP only. The Organizational Partners accept no liability for any use of this Specification. Specifications and reports for implementation of the 3GPP TM system should be obtained via the 3GPP Organizational Partners' Publications Offices.KeywordsUMTS, radio3GPPPostal address3GPP support office address650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia AntipolisValbonne - FRANCETel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16InternetCopyright NotificationNo part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission.The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.© 2016, 3GPP Organizational Partners (ARIB, ATIS, CCSA, ETSI, TSDSI, TTA, TTC).All rights reserved.UMTS™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its members3GPP™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational PartnersLTE™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI currently being registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners GSM® and the GSM logo are registered and owned by the GSM AssociationBluetooth® is a Trade Mark of the Bluetooth SIG registered for the benefit of its membersContentsForeword (18)1Scope (19)2References (19)3Definitions, symbols and abbreviations (22)3.1Definitions (22)3.2Abbreviations (24)4General (27)4.1Introduction (27)4.2Architecture (28)4.2.1UE states and state transitions including inter RAT (28)4.2.2Signalling radio bearers (29)4.3Services (30)4.3.1Services provided to upper layers (30)4.3.2Services expected from lower layers (30)4.4Functions (30)5Procedures (32)5.1General (32)5.1.1Introduction (32)5.1.2General requirements (32)5.2System information (33)5.2.1Introduction (33)5.2.1.1General (33)5.2.1.2Scheduling (34)5.2.1.2a Scheduling for NB-IoT (34)5.2.1.3System information validity and notification of changes (35)5.2.1.4Indication of ETWS notification (36)5.2.1.5Indication of CMAS notification (37)5.2.1.6Notification of EAB parameters change (37)5.2.1.7Access Barring parameters change in NB-IoT (37)5.2.2System information acquisition (38)5.2.2.1General (38)5.2.2.2Initiation (38)5.2.2.3System information required by the UE (38)5.2.2.4System information acquisition by the UE (39)5.2.2.5Essential system information missing (42)5.2.2.6Actions upon reception of the MasterInformationBlock message (42)5.2.2.7Actions upon reception of the SystemInformationBlockType1 message (42)5.2.2.8Actions upon reception of SystemInformation messages (44)5.2.2.9Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType2 (44)5.2.2.10Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType3 (45)5.2.2.11Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType4 (45)5.2.2.12Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType5 (45)5.2.2.13Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType6 (45)5.2.2.14Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType7 (45)5.2.2.15Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType8 (45)5.2.2.16Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType9 (46)5.2.2.17Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType10 (46)5.2.2.18Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType11 (46)5.2.2.19Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType12 (47)5.2.2.20Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType13 (48)5.2.2.21Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType14 (48)5.2.2.22Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType15 (48)5.2.2.23Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType16 (48)5.2.2.24Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType17 (48)5.2.2.25Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType18 (48)5.2.2.26Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType19 (49)5.2.3Acquisition of an SI message (49)5.2.3a Acquisition of an SI message by BL UE or UE in CE or a NB-IoT UE (50)5.3Connection control (50)5.3.1Introduction (50)5.3.1.1RRC connection control (50)5.3.1.2Security (52)5.3.1.2a RN security (53)5.3.1.3Connected mode mobility (53)5.3.1.4Connection control in NB-IoT (54)5.3.2Paging (55)5.3.2.1General (55)5.3.2.2Initiation (55)5.3.2.3Reception of the Paging message by the UE (55)5.3.3RRC connection establishment (56)5.3.3.1General (56)5.3.3.1a Conditions for establishing RRC Connection for sidelink communication/ discovery (58)5.3.3.2Initiation (59)5.3.3.3Actions related to transmission of RRCConnectionRequest message (63)5.3.3.3a Actions related to transmission of RRCConnectionResumeRequest message (64)5.3.3.4Reception of the RRCConnectionSetup by the UE (64)5.3.3.4a Reception of the RRCConnectionResume by the UE (66)5.3.3.5Cell re-selection while T300, T302, T303, T305, T306, or T308 is running (68)5.3.3.6T300 expiry (68)5.3.3.7T302, T303, T305, T306, or T308 expiry or stop (69)5.3.3.8Reception of the RRCConnectionReject by the UE (70)5.3.3.9Abortion of RRC connection establishment (71)5.3.3.10Handling of SSAC related parameters (71)5.3.3.11Access barring check (72)5.3.3.12EAB check (73)5.3.3.13Access barring check for ACDC (73)5.3.3.14Access Barring check for NB-IoT (74)5.3.4Initial security activation (75)5.3.4.1General (75)5.3.4.2Initiation (76)5.3.4.3Reception of the SecurityModeCommand by the UE (76)5.3.5RRC connection reconfiguration (77)5.3.5.1General (77)5.3.5.2Initiation (77)5.3.5.3Reception of an RRCConnectionReconfiguration not including the mobilityControlInfo by theUE (77)5.3.5.4Reception of an RRCConnectionReconfiguration including the mobilityControlInfo by the UE(handover) (79)5.3.5.5Reconfiguration failure (83)5.3.5.6T304 expiry (handover failure) (83)5.3.5.7Void (84)5.3.5.7a T307 expiry (SCG change failure) (84)5.3.5.8Radio Configuration involving full configuration option (84)5.3.6Counter check (86)5.3.6.1General (86)5.3.6.2Initiation (86)5.3.6.3Reception of the CounterCheck message by the UE (86)5.3.7RRC connection re-establishment (87)5.3.7.1General (87)5.3.7.2Initiation (87)5.3.7.3Actions following cell selection while T311 is running (88)5.3.7.4Actions related to transmission of RRCConnectionReestablishmentRequest message (89)5.3.7.5Reception of the RRCConnectionReestablishment by the UE (89)5.3.7.6T311 expiry (91)5.3.7.7T301 expiry or selected cell no longer suitable (91)5.3.7.8Reception of RRCConnectionReestablishmentReject by the UE (91)5.3.8RRC connection release (92)5.3.8.1General (92)5.3.8.2Initiation (92)5.3.8.3Reception of the RRCConnectionRelease by the UE (92)5.3.8.4T320 expiry (93)5.3.9RRC connection release requested by upper layers (93)5.3.9.1General (93)5.3.9.2Initiation (93)5.3.10Radio resource configuration (93)5.3.10.0General (93)5.3.10.1SRB addition/ modification (94)5.3.10.2DRB release (95)5.3.10.3DRB addition/ modification (95)5.3.10.3a1DC specific DRB addition or reconfiguration (96)5.3.10.3a2LWA specific DRB addition or reconfiguration (98)5.3.10.3a3LWIP specific DRB addition or reconfiguration (98)5.3.10.3a SCell release (99)5.3.10.3b SCell addition/ modification (99)5.3.10.3c PSCell addition or modification (99)5.3.10.4MAC main reconfiguration (99)5.3.10.5Semi-persistent scheduling reconfiguration (100)5.3.10.6Physical channel reconfiguration (100)5.3.10.7Radio Link Failure Timers and Constants reconfiguration (101)5.3.10.8Time domain measurement resource restriction for serving cell (101)5.3.10.9Other configuration (102)5.3.10.10SCG reconfiguration (103)5.3.10.11SCG dedicated resource configuration (104)5.3.10.12Reconfiguration SCG or split DRB by drb-ToAddModList (105)5.3.10.13Neighbour cell information reconfiguration (105)5.3.10.14Void (105)5.3.10.15Sidelink dedicated configuration (105)5.3.10.16T370 expiry (106)5.3.11Radio link failure related actions (107)5.3.11.1Detection of physical layer problems in RRC_CONNECTED (107)5.3.11.2Recovery of physical layer problems (107)5.3.11.3Detection of radio link failure (107)5.3.12UE actions upon leaving RRC_CONNECTED (109)5.3.13UE actions upon PUCCH/ SRS release request (110)5.3.14Proximity indication (110)5.3.14.1General (110)5.3.14.2Initiation (111)5.3.14.3Actions related to transmission of ProximityIndication message (111)5.3.15Void (111)5.4Inter-RAT mobility (111)5.4.1Introduction (111)5.4.2Handover to E-UTRA (112)5.4.2.1General (112)5.4.2.2Initiation (112)5.4.2.3Reception of the RRCConnectionReconfiguration by the UE (112)5.4.2.4Reconfiguration failure (114)5.4.2.5T304 expiry (handover to E-UTRA failure) (114)5.4.3Mobility from E-UTRA (114)5.4.3.1General (114)5.4.3.2Initiation (115)5.4.3.3Reception of the MobilityFromEUTRACommand by the UE (115)5.4.3.4Successful completion of the mobility from E-UTRA (116)5.4.3.5Mobility from E-UTRA failure (117)5.4.4Handover from E-UTRA preparation request (CDMA2000) (117)5.4.4.1General (117)5.4.4.2Initiation (118)5.4.4.3Reception of the HandoverFromEUTRAPreparationRequest by the UE (118)5.4.5UL handover preparation transfer (CDMA2000) (118)5.4.5.1General (118)5.4.5.2Initiation (118)5.4.5.3Actions related to transmission of the ULHandoverPreparationTransfer message (119)5.4.5.4Failure to deliver the ULHandoverPreparationTransfer message (119)5.4.6Inter-RAT cell change order to E-UTRAN (119)5.4.6.1General (119)5.4.6.2Initiation (119)5.4.6.3UE fails to complete an inter-RAT cell change order (119)5.5Measurements (120)5.5.1Introduction (120)5.5.2Measurement configuration (121)5.5.2.1General (121)5.5.2.2Measurement identity removal (122)5.5.2.2a Measurement identity autonomous removal (122)5.5.2.3Measurement identity addition/ modification (123)5.5.2.4Measurement object removal (124)5.5.2.5Measurement object addition/ modification (124)5.5.2.6Reporting configuration removal (126)5.5.2.7Reporting configuration addition/ modification (127)5.5.2.8Quantity configuration (127)5.5.2.9Measurement gap configuration (127)5.5.2.10Discovery signals measurement timing configuration (128)5.5.2.11RSSI measurement timing configuration (128)5.5.3Performing measurements (128)5.5.3.1General (128)5.5.3.2Layer 3 filtering (131)5.5.4Measurement report triggering (131)5.5.4.1General (131)5.5.4.2Event A1 (Serving becomes better than threshold) (135)5.5.4.3Event A2 (Serving becomes worse than threshold) (136)5.5.4.4Event A3 (Neighbour becomes offset better than PCell/ PSCell) (136)5.5.4.5Event A4 (Neighbour becomes better than threshold) (137)5.5.4.6Event A5 (PCell/ PSCell becomes worse than threshold1 and neighbour becomes better thanthreshold2) (138)5.5.4.6a Event A6 (Neighbour becomes offset better than SCell) (139)5.5.4.7Event B1 (Inter RAT neighbour becomes better than threshold) (139)5.5.4.8Event B2 (PCell becomes worse than threshold1 and inter RAT neighbour becomes better thanthreshold2) (140)5.5.4.9Event C1 (CSI-RS resource becomes better than threshold) (141)5.5.4.10Event C2 (CSI-RS resource becomes offset better than reference CSI-RS resource) (141)5.5.4.11Event W1 (WLAN becomes better than a threshold) (142)5.5.4.12Event W2 (All WLAN inside WLAN mobility set becomes worse than threshold1 and a WLANoutside WLAN mobility set becomes better than threshold2) (142)5.5.4.13Event W3 (All WLAN inside WLAN mobility set becomes worse than a threshold) (143)5.5.5Measurement reporting (144)5.5.6Measurement related actions (148)5.5.6.1Actions upon handover and re-establishment (148)5.5.6.2Speed dependant scaling of measurement related parameters (149)5.5.7Inter-frequency RSTD measurement indication (149)5.5.7.1General (149)5.5.7.2Initiation (150)5.5.7.3Actions related to transmission of InterFreqRSTDMeasurementIndication message (150)5.6Other (150)5.6.0General (150)5.6.1DL information transfer (151)5.6.1.1General (151)5.6.1.2Initiation (151)5.6.1.3Reception of the DLInformationTransfer by the UE (151)5.6.2UL information transfer (151)5.6.2.1General (151)5.6.2.2Initiation (151)5.6.2.3Actions related to transmission of ULInformationTransfer message (152)5.6.2.4Failure to deliver ULInformationTransfer message (152)5.6.3UE capability transfer (152)5.6.3.1General (152)5.6.3.2Initiation (153)5.6.3.3Reception of the UECapabilityEnquiry by the UE (153)5.6.4CSFB to 1x Parameter transfer (157)5.6.4.1General (157)5.6.4.2Initiation (157)5.6.4.3Actions related to transmission of CSFBParametersRequestCDMA2000 message (157)5.6.4.4Reception of the CSFBParametersResponseCDMA2000 message (157)5.6.5UE Information (158)5.6.5.1General (158)5.6.5.2Initiation (158)5.6.5.3Reception of the UEInformationRequest message (158)5.6.6 Logged Measurement Configuration (159)5.6.6.1General (159)5.6.6.2Initiation (160)5.6.6.3Reception of the LoggedMeasurementConfiguration by the UE (160)5.6.6.4T330 expiry (160)5.6.7 Release of Logged Measurement Configuration (160)5.6.7.1General (160)5.6.7.2Initiation (160)5.6.8 Measurements logging (161)5.6.8.1General (161)5.6.8.2Initiation (161)5.6.9In-device coexistence indication (163)5.6.9.1General (163)5.6.9.2Initiation (164)5.6.9.3Actions related to transmission of InDeviceCoexIndication message (164)5.6.10UE Assistance Information (165)5.6.10.1General (165)5.6.10.2Initiation (166)5.6.10.3Actions related to transmission of UEAssistanceInformation message (166)5.6.11 Mobility history information (166)5.6.11.1General (166)5.6.11.2Initiation (166)5.6.12RAN-assisted WLAN interworking (167)5.6.12.1General (167)5.6.12.2Dedicated WLAN offload configuration (167)5.6.12.3WLAN offload RAN evaluation (167)5.6.12.4T350 expiry or stop (167)5.6.12.5Cell selection/ re-selection while T350 is running (168)5.6.13SCG failure information (168)5.6.13.1General (168)5.6.13.2Initiation (168)5.6.13.3Actions related to transmission of SCGFailureInformation message (168)5.6.14LTE-WLAN Aggregation (169)5.6.14.1Introduction (169)5.6.14.2Reception of LWA configuration (169)5.6.14.3Release of LWA configuration (170)5.6.15WLAN connection management (170)5.6.15.1Introduction (170)5.6.15.2WLAN connection status reporting (170)5.6.15.2.1General (170)5.6.15.2.2Initiation (171)5.6.15.2.3Actions related to transmission of WLANConnectionStatusReport message (171)5.6.15.3T351 Expiry (WLAN connection attempt timeout) (171)5.6.15.4WLAN status monitoring (171)5.6.16RAN controlled LTE-WLAN interworking (172)5.6.16.1General (172)5.6.16.2WLAN traffic steering command (172)5.6.17LTE-WLAN aggregation with IPsec tunnel (173)5.6.17.1General (173)5.7Generic error handling (174)5.7.1General (174)5.7.2ASN.1 violation or encoding error (174)5.7.3Field set to a not comprehended value (174)5.7.4Mandatory field missing (174)5.7.5Not comprehended field (176)5.8MBMS (176)5.8.1Introduction (176)5.8.1.1General (176)5.8.1.2Scheduling (176)5.8.1.3MCCH information validity and notification of changes (176)5.8.2MCCH information acquisition (178)5.8.2.1General (178)5.8.2.2Initiation (178)5.8.2.3MCCH information acquisition by the UE (178)5.8.2.4Actions upon reception of the MBSFNAreaConfiguration message (178)5.8.2.5Actions upon reception of the MBMSCountingRequest message (179)5.8.3MBMS PTM radio bearer configuration (179)5.8.3.1General (179)5.8.3.2Initiation (179)5.8.3.3MRB establishment (179)5.8.3.4MRB release (179)5.8.4MBMS Counting Procedure (179)5.8.4.1General (179)5.8.4.2Initiation (180)5.8.4.3Reception of the MBMSCountingRequest message by the UE (180)5.8.5MBMS interest indication (181)5.8.5.1General (181)5.8.5.2Initiation (181)5.8.5.3Determine MBMS frequencies of interest (182)5.8.5.4Actions related to transmission of MBMSInterestIndication message (183)5.8a SC-PTM (183)5.8a.1Introduction (183)5.8a.1.1General (183)5.8a.1.2SC-MCCH scheduling (183)5.8a.1.3SC-MCCH information validity and notification of changes (183)5.8a.1.4Procedures (184)5.8a.2SC-MCCH information acquisition (184)5.8a.2.1General (184)5.8a.2.2Initiation (184)5.8a.2.3SC-MCCH information acquisition by the UE (184)5.8a.2.4Actions upon reception of the SCPTMConfiguration message (185)5.8a.3SC-PTM radio bearer configuration (185)5.8a.3.1General (185)5.8a.3.2Initiation (185)5.8a.3.3SC-MRB establishment (185)5.8a.3.4SC-MRB release (185)5.9RN procedures (186)5.9.1RN reconfiguration (186)5.9.1.1General (186)5.9.1.2Initiation (186)5.9.1.3Reception of the RNReconfiguration by the RN (186)5.10Sidelink (186)5.10.1Introduction (186)5.10.1a Conditions for sidelink communication operation (187)5.10.2Sidelink UE information (188)5.10.2.1General (188)5.10.2.2Initiation (189)5.10.2.3Actions related to transmission of SidelinkUEInformation message (193)5.10.3Sidelink communication monitoring (195)5.10.6Sidelink discovery announcement (198)5.10.6a Sidelink discovery announcement pool selection (201)5.10.6b Sidelink discovery announcement reference carrier selection (201)5.10.7Sidelink synchronisation information transmission (202)5.10.7.1General (202)5.10.7.2Initiation (203)5.10.7.3Transmission of SLSS (204)5.10.7.4Transmission of MasterInformationBlock-SL message (205)5.10.7.5Void (206)5.10.8Sidelink synchronisation reference (206)5.10.8.1General (206)5.10.8.2Selection and reselection of synchronisation reference UE (SyncRef UE) (206)5.10.9Sidelink common control information (207)5.10.9.1General (207)5.10.9.2Actions related to reception of MasterInformationBlock-SL message (207)5.10.10Sidelink relay UE operation (207)5.10.10.1General (207)5.10.10.2AS-conditions for relay related sidelink communication transmission by sidelink relay UE (207)5.10.10.3AS-conditions for relay PS related sidelink discovery transmission by sidelink relay UE (208)5.10.10.4Sidelink relay UE threshold conditions (208)5.10.11Sidelink remote UE operation (208)5.10.11.1General (208)5.10.11.2AS-conditions for relay related sidelink communication transmission by sidelink remote UE (208)5.10.11.3AS-conditions for relay PS related sidelink discovery transmission by sidelink remote UE (209)5.10.11.4Selection and reselection of sidelink relay UE (209)5.10.11.5Sidelink remote UE threshold conditions (210)6Protocol data units, formats and parameters (tabular & ASN.1) (210)6.1General (210)6.2RRC messages (212)6.2.1General message structure (212)–EUTRA-RRC-Definitions (212)–BCCH-BCH-Message (212)–BCCH-DL-SCH-Message (212)–BCCH-DL-SCH-Message-BR (213)–MCCH-Message (213)–PCCH-Message (213)–DL-CCCH-Message (214)–DL-DCCH-Message (214)–UL-CCCH-Message (214)–UL-DCCH-Message (215)–SC-MCCH-Message (215)6.2.2Message definitions (216)–CounterCheck (216)–CounterCheckResponse (217)–CSFBParametersRequestCDMA2000 (217)–CSFBParametersResponseCDMA2000 (218)–DLInformationTransfer (218)–HandoverFromEUTRAPreparationRequest (CDMA2000) (219)–InDeviceCoexIndication (220)–InterFreqRSTDMeasurementIndication (222)–LoggedMeasurementConfiguration (223)–MasterInformationBlock (225)–MBMSCountingRequest (226)–MBMSCountingResponse (226)–MBMSInterestIndication (227)–MBSFNAreaConfiguration (228)–MeasurementReport (228)–MobilityFromEUTRACommand (229)–Paging (232)–ProximityIndication (233)–RNReconfiguration (234)–RNReconfigurationComplete (234)–RRCConnectionReconfiguration (235)–RRCConnectionReconfigurationComplete (240)–RRCConnectionReestablishment (241)–RRCConnectionReestablishmentComplete (241)–RRCConnectionReestablishmentReject (242)–RRCConnectionReestablishmentRequest (243)–RRCConnectionReject (243)–RRCConnectionRelease (244)–RRCConnectionResume (248)–RRCConnectionResumeComplete (249)–RRCConnectionResumeRequest (250)–RRCConnectionRequest (250)–RRCConnectionSetup (251)–RRCConnectionSetupComplete (252)–SCGFailureInformation (253)–SCPTMConfiguration (254)–SecurityModeCommand (255)–SecurityModeComplete (255)–SecurityModeFailure (256)–SidelinkUEInformation (256)–SystemInformation (258)–SystemInformationBlockType1 (259)–UEAssistanceInformation (264)–UECapabilityEnquiry (265)–UECapabilityInformation (266)–UEInformationRequest (267)–UEInformationResponse (267)–ULHandoverPreparationTransfer (CDMA2000) (273)–ULInformationTransfer (274)–WLANConnectionStatusReport (274)6.3RRC information elements (275)6.3.1System information blocks (275)–SystemInformationBlockType2 (275)–SystemInformationBlockType3 (279)–SystemInformationBlockType4 (282)–SystemInformationBlockType5 (283)–SystemInformationBlockType6 (287)–SystemInformationBlockType7 (289)–SystemInformationBlockType8 (290)–SystemInformationBlockType9 (295)–SystemInformationBlockType10 (295)–SystemInformationBlockType11 (296)–SystemInformationBlockType12 (297)–SystemInformationBlockType13 (297)–SystemInformationBlockType14 (298)–SystemInformationBlockType15 (298)–SystemInformationBlockType16 (299)–SystemInformationBlockType17 (300)–SystemInformationBlockType18 (301)–SystemInformationBlockType19 (301)–SystemInformationBlockType20 (304)6.3.2Radio resource control information elements (304)–AntennaInfo (304)–AntennaInfoUL (306)–CQI-ReportConfig (307)–CQI-ReportPeriodicProcExtId (314)–CrossCarrierSchedulingConfig (314)–CSI-IM-Config (315)–CSI-IM-ConfigId (315)–CSI-RS-Config (317)–CSI-RS-ConfigEMIMO (318)–CSI-RS-ConfigNZP (319)–CSI-RS-ConfigNZPId (320)–CSI-RS-ConfigZP (321)–CSI-RS-ConfigZPId (321)–DMRS-Config (321)–DRB-Identity (322)–EPDCCH-Config (322)–EIMTA-MainConfig (324)–LogicalChannelConfig (325)–LWA-Configuration (326)–LWIP-Configuration (326)–RCLWI-Configuration (327)–MAC-MainConfig (327)–P-C-AndCBSR (332)–PDCCH-ConfigSCell (333)–PDCP-Config (334)–PDSCH-Config (337)–PDSCH-RE-MappingQCL-ConfigId (339)–PHICH-Config (339)–PhysicalConfigDedicated (339)–P-Max (344)–PRACH-Config (344)–PresenceAntennaPort1 (346)–PUCCH-Config (347)–PUSCH-Config (351)–RACH-ConfigCommon (355)–RACH-ConfigDedicated (357)–RadioResourceConfigCommon (358)–RadioResourceConfigDedicated (362)–RLC-Config (367)–RLF-TimersAndConstants (369)–RN-SubframeConfig (370)–SchedulingRequestConfig (371)–SoundingRS-UL-Config (372)–SPS-Config (375)–TDD-Config (376)–TimeAlignmentTimer (377)–TPC-PDCCH-Config (377)–TunnelConfigLWIP (378)–UplinkPowerControl (379)–WLAN-Id-List (382)–WLAN-MobilityConfig (382)6.3.3Security control information elements (382)–NextHopChainingCount (382)–SecurityAlgorithmConfig (383)–ShortMAC-I (383)6.3.4Mobility control information elements (383)–AdditionalSpectrumEmission (383)–ARFCN-ValueCDMA2000 (383)–ARFCN-ValueEUTRA (384)–ARFCN-ValueGERAN (384)–ARFCN-ValueUTRA (384)–BandclassCDMA2000 (384)–BandIndicatorGERAN (385)–CarrierFreqCDMA2000 (385)–CarrierFreqGERAN (385)–CellIndexList (387)–CellReselectionPriority (387)–CellSelectionInfoCE (387)–CellReselectionSubPriority (388)–CSFB-RegistrationParam1XRTT (388)–CellGlobalIdEUTRA (389)–CellGlobalIdUTRA (389)–CellGlobalIdGERAN (390)–CellGlobalIdCDMA2000 (390)–CellSelectionInfoNFreq (391)–CSG-Identity (391)–FreqBandIndicator (391)–MobilityControlInfo (391)–MobilityParametersCDMA2000 (1xRTT) (393)–MobilityStateParameters (394)–MultiBandInfoList (394)–NS-PmaxList (394)–PhysCellId (395)–PhysCellIdRange (395)–PhysCellIdRangeUTRA-FDDList (395)–PhysCellIdCDMA2000 (396)–PhysCellIdGERAN (396)–PhysCellIdUTRA-FDD (396)–PhysCellIdUTRA-TDD (396)–PLMN-Identity (397)–PLMN-IdentityList3 (397)–PreRegistrationInfoHRPD (397)–Q-QualMin (398)–Q-RxLevMin (398)–Q-OffsetRange (398)–Q-OffsetRangeInterRAT (399)–ReselectionThreshold (399)–ReselectionThresholdQ (399)–SCellIndex (399)–ServCellIndex (400)–SpeedStateScaleFactors (400)–SystemInfoListGERAN (400)–SystemTimeInfoCDMA2000 (401)–TrackingAreaCode (401)–T-Reselection (402)–T-ReselectionEUTRA-CE (402)6.3.5Measurement information elements (402)–AllowedMeasBandwidth (402)–CSI-RSRP-Range (402)–Hysteresis (402)–LocationInfo (403)–MBSFN-RSRQ-Range (403)–MeasConfig (404)–MeasDS-Config (405)–MeasGapConfig (406)–MeasId (407)–MeasIdToAddModList (407)–MeasObjectCDMA2000 (408)–MeasObjectEUTRA (408)–MeasObjectGERAN (412)–MeasObjectId (412)–MeasObjectToAddModList (412)–MeasObjectUTRA (413)–ReportConfigEUTRA (422)–ReportConfigId (425)–ReportConfigInterRAT (425)–ReportConfigToAddModList (428)–ReportInterval (429)–RSRP-Range (429)–RSRQ-Range (430)–RSRQ-Type (430)–RS-SINR-Range (430)–RSSI-Range-r13 (431)–TimeToTrigger (431)–UL-DelayConfig (431)–WLAN-CarrierInfo (431)–WLAN-RSSI-Range (432)–WLAN-Status (432)6.3.6Other information elements (433)–AbsoluteTimeInfo (433)–AreaConfiguration (433)–C-RNTI (433)–DedicatedInfoCDMA2000 (434)–DedicatedInfoNAS (434)–FilterCoefficient (434)–LoggingDuration (434)–LoggingInterval (435)–MeasSubframePattern (435)–MMEC (435)–NeighCellConfig (435)–OtherConfig (436)–RAND-CDMA2000 (1xRTT) (437)–RAT-Type (437)–ResumeIdentity (437)–RRC-TransactionIdentifier (438)–S-TMSI (438)–TraceReference (438)–UE-CapabilityRAT-ContainerList (438)–UE-EUTRA-Capability (439)–UE-RadioPagingInfo (469)–UE-TimersAndConstants (469)–VisitedCellInfoList (470)–WLAN-OffloadConfig (470)6.3.7MBMS information elements (472)–MBMS-NotificationConfig (472)–MBMS-ServiceList (473)–MBSFN-AreaId (473)–MBSFN-AreaInfoList (473)–MBSFN-SubframeConfig (474)–PMCH-InfoList (475)6.3.7a SC-PTM information elements (476)–SC-MTCH-InfoList (476)–SCPTM-NeighbourCellList (478)6.3.8Sidelink information elements (478)–SL-CommConfig (478)–SL-CommResourcePool (479)–SL-CP-Len (480)–SL-DiscConfig (481)–SL-DiscResourcePool (483)–SL-DiscTxPowerInfo (485)–SL-GapConfig (485)。
大学英语视听说第三版答案
大学英语视听说第三版答案【篇一：新视野大学英语视听说3(第三版)答案u3-u5】actice in listeningunit3 1 q: what are the speakers doing?d they are discussing their curriculum schedules. 2 q: what do we know about the christmas party lastyear?b it was not well-organized.3 q: what is the man supposed to do now according tothe conversation?c look after the woman’s children.4 q: what does the woman think of her new neighbor?b she thinks he is always very frank.5 q: what is the man going to do this weekend?c he is going to help mr. smith move to a new house. q1:why is the woman asking for two weeks off from work?c because she wants to volunteer for an organization.q2:which of the following statements is true?b over 150,000 volunteers worked for the building ofhouses after the hurricane.q3:according to the woman, why is she willing to volunteer for habitat for humanity?c because she enjoys developing friendships andbuilding communities through volunteer work.q4:what do we know about the man from the conversation?b he finally agreed to let the woman take 14 days off.q1: what question did the research group try to find ananswer to?b how well do people know their neighbors?q2: which age group is more likely to know their neighbors?d 55 - to 64-year-olds.q3: which of the following statements is true according to the passage?c women are more likely to know their neighbors than men.q4: what do the website’s comments mentioned at the end of the passage imply?d it is hard to get to know our neighbors.1) illegal2) taking family vacations3) acquaintances4) throwing a party5) verbal6) tolerant7) intervene8) splits the difference9) resolve10) talk it outunit41 q: what does the woman mean?d ted is not capable of setting up his computercompany.2 q: what is the man worried about?b he is worried about the price of the tiny engines.3 q: what can we infer from the conversation?c the man thinks intelligent cars might be expensive.4 q: what are they talking about?aa business idea brought forth by an airline.5 q: what does the woman suggest the man do?d she suggests the man edit videos for peopleonline. q1: what’s the problem with the man?b he has no idea about his new writing assignment.q2: how does the woman get her ideas before painting?c she draws inspiration by taking long walks in nature.q3: what is the man’s attitude toward the woman’s wayof getting inspiration?d disapproving.q4: what does the woman suggest the man do at thetrain station?b get creative ideas from real daily life.q1: who invented the first toilet according to the passage?b sir john harrington.q2: what was one of the problems with harrington’s water closet?c the basin had to be emptied and cleaned constantly.q3: how did inventors improve the original toilet according to the passage?a they improved the pipes that were attached to thebottom.q4: which of the following can best summarize the passage?d the development of the toilet.1) vary2) a large portion of3) well-being4) profound5) accessible6) ultimately7) have a harmful effect on8) went against9) aviation10) is not worth pursuingunit4short conversations1 q: what is the man’s advice for the woman?b. she should keep shut until a better job is available.2 q: what does the woman imply?b. the man should earn the bread.3 q: what does mrs. smith imply?a. the man is ungrateful in deciding to leave.4 q: what does the man mean?d. he cannot afford to have a coffee break.5 q: what can we learn about jane from the conversation?c. she was fed up with counting money at her job.long conversation1q: what is the man complaining about?b. awful job, hot weather and working outside.2q: what does the man dream of being?a. a self-made millionaire.3q: what is the woman’s attitude toward the man’s dream?b. sarcastic.4q: what does the woman dream of doing?d. becoming a ballroom dancer.passage 11q: why did the speaker get tired of her job at the company?d. because she had no passion anymore.2q: which of the following is true about money according to the speaker?a. money can buy you nice things.3q: what can bring satisfaction according to the speaker?b. doing jobs that express your passion.4q: what does the speaker find most suitable for her now?d. sharing ideas and thoughts through blogging. passage 21) suffer from2) enthusiastic3) erodes4) competent5) clear-cut6) labeling7) comes down to8) commonplace9) tend to10) focusing on【篇二：第三版新视野大学英语3视听说】aringt2 daredevil bungee jumpingcup of tea feel goodachievement t3 c-d-e-b-at4 1 2 4t5 b c b c bt6 started offa huge businessteachertaught me so muchabout lifeimprisonedsurvivedinpressedability or the skillslisteningt2-11,2,3,4,5,6,9,10,11viewingt2-1 3t2-2 e g c b f a dt2-3 90 minutes true landmark 10 times focus makethis challenge seven miles four months outstanding achievementshot conversation b c a d clong conversation b a a cpassage1 d c a bpassage2 believe in circumstancessearching fora strong sense ofresponsibility insecurityintegrity accomplishing are longing forprioritiesunite testpart1 bcadcpart2 dabccpart3 bcaadpart4opening struggled progress remaining emerged continuedenlarge crawlingget through as strong asunite 2sharingt2moodsunsmilefeelingt3b-e-a-d-ct43 5t5success of the businesslast junevegetables and floweravisit my fatheramazing sightsapplicantsgetting a joblisteningt2-1people are getting angrier controlling their temperleave us feeling angry in a controlled way feel much better laughter therapy they make them laugh doing something funny theydon’t need medicinet2-21 4viewingt2-11eager pleased 2nervous awkward 3expectant excited4agitated contentedshot conversationd caadlong conversationc badpassage 1b c a apassage 2exerting fabuloustake them out approacheshad for efficient is linked withcompare favorably to boostsessionunite testpart 1 c d a a cpart 2 b c c b cpart 3 a d b a apart 4 at wheeltone expression honey divorcespeed talk me out bank accounts everything i needunite 3sharingt2 block a few of similar quite a lot wellt3 b-d-a-ct41 4 4 5 2 4 1 3 1 4t5exist as wellloud musicrespecting privacyparticipatingneeds helpconsideratepropertyfriendlyt62 3viewingt2-1 e-a-f-b-d-ct2-2 aa b cshot conversationd b c b clong conversationc b c bpassage 1 b d c dpassage 2 illegal taking family vacationsacquaintances throwing a partyverbal tolerant intervene splits the differenceresolve talk it outunit testpart 1 a c a c bpart 2 b b d a cpart 3 c b d ddpart 4winter literally community widersiblings woods explorecatching would run golf courseunit 4sharingt2c-d-a-bt3 2 3 4 5t4amazingchanged my lifemobile phoneemailscameratakinga picturefantasycakesartscreativitylisteningt2-1cheaperbetteroilsadsafetyappetiteprecisionpurplet2-2which soft drink,want things,how consumersbehave,above,a bigger share,small,i deserve the best,steam,cigarette smoke,smile,a tick symbol,positive,built-in associations,sports equipmentviewingt2-1a b cshort conversation:d b c a dlong conversation:b c d bpassage 1b c a dpassage 2vary /a large portion of /well-being /profound/accessible/ultimately /have a harmful effect on /went against/aviation /is not worth pursuingunit testpart1 b c a c dpart2 cc d a dpart3 d a b a apart4 biological /firmly / efforts /isolation /objectors/originality /modest /improve the health /morally/legislationunit 5sharingt2producerenjoysin a successful banddream jobst31 2 3 8 9 11t4footballerenoughprofessionalperformingbandworld-famoussportslater onserving peoplet5e-b-a-d-ct61 4listeningt2-1 b-c-at2-2 a b b a c a c c a bt2-3loved fashion,amazing for me,hard work,look good all the time,feeling terrible,eating delicious food,get paid,getbored,work off,i gave it up,wonderfully romantic,howtiring,ruin the grapes,worry about the weather,absolutely fascinatingviewingt2-1b d b dshort conversation:b b a d clong conversation:b a b dpassage 1d a b dpassage 2suffer from /enthusiastic /erodes /competent /clear-cut/labeling /comes down to /commonplace /tend to /focusing on part2 d c a b bpart3 a c a a dpart4 predict /identical /typical /boring /variety/dangerous /normal /some robbers /captured /right thereunit 6sharingt2readingmodern worldopportunitiesinfluencedbettert3education/right to vote/technologies/medicine/a betterlife/person of today/more values/great causes/imaginations/a bad thingt4e-b-a-c-dt52 4 6 8 9 10viewingt2-11 2 4short conversation:c a b a blong conversation:a c c bpassage 1a d bbpassage 2estimated /assassinated /was intended to /released from/made a contract with /gave way /ensued /survived /victims/perishedunit testpart1 c b a c dpart2 cc d a bpart3 c a d c dpart4 beneficial /fought /strengthened /pulled out /part /serve as/amazing /stood /sought /civilization【篇三：新视野大学英语(第三版)视听说2网课答案】=txt>网课答案unit 1 (1)sharing .............................................................................................. .. (1)listening ............................................................................................ . (1)viewing .............................................................................................. .. (2)role-play .................................................................................................... .. (2)conversations .................................................................................. (3)passage ............................................................................................ . (3)unittest .................................................................................................... . (4)unit 2 (4)sharing .............................................................................................. .. (4)listening ............................................................................................ . (5)viewing .............................................................................................. .. (6)role-play .................................................................................................... .. (6)presenting ........................................................................................ (7)conversations .................................................................................. (7)passage ............................................................................................ . (7)unittest .................................................................................................... . (8)unit 3 (9)sharing .............................................................................................. .. (9)listening ............................................................................................ . (9)viewing .............................................................................................. (10)role-play .................................................................................................... (10)presenting ........................................................................................ . (11)conversations .................................................................................. . (11)passage ............................................................................................ .. (12)unittest .................................................................................................... .. (12)unit 4 (13)sharing .............................................................................................. (13)listening ............................................................................................ .. (14)viewing .............................................................................................. (14)role-play .................................................................................................... (15)presenting ........................................................................................ . (15)conversations .................................................................................. . (16)passage ............................................................................................ .. (16)unittest .................................................................................................... .. (16)unit 5 (17)sharing .............................................................................................. (17)listening ............................................................................................ .. (18)viewing .............................................................................................. (18)role-play .................................................................................................... (19)conversations .................................................................................. . (19)passage ............................................................................................ .. (20)unittest .................................................................................................... .. (20)unit 6 (21)sharing .............................................................................................. (21)listening ............................................................................................ .. (21)viewing .............................................................................................. (22)role-play .................................................................................................... (22)presenting ........................................................................................ . (23)conversations .................................................................................. . (23)passage ............................................................................................ .. (23)unittest .................................................................................................... .. (24)unit 7 (25)sharing .............................................................................................. (25)listening ............................................................................................ .. (25)viewing .............................................................................................. (26)role-play .................................................................................................... (26)presenting ........................................................................................ . (27)conversations .................................................................................. . (27)passage ............................................................................................ .. (28)unittest .................................................................................................... .. (28)unit 8 (29)sharing .............................................................................................. (29)listening ............................................................................................ .. (30)viewing .............................................................................................. (30)role-play .................................................................................................... (31)presenting ........................................................................................ . (31)conversations .................................................................................. . (32)passage ............................................................................................ .. (32)unittest .................................................................................................... .. (32)unit 1sharingtask 2(1) new things(2) at the moment(3) quite difficulttask 31, 3, 7, 8task 41. (1) ever learned2. (1) a combination3. learning to drive4. (1) nine cases5. french6. hatedlisteningtask 2activity 1e-c-a-g-d-h-b-factivity 2(1) speak(2) saying the wrong(3) native speakers(4) pronunciation(2) found (2) body movements (2) by most standards(5) talking to himself(6) making mistakes(7) listening skills(8) listeningactivity 31. (1) embarrassed2. anything you like3. (1) voice4. (1) how it sounds5. on the internet6. sound likeviewingtask 2activity 1babaactivity 2dabadrole-playtask 2activity 11activity 2g：1, 3, 5(2) hear (2) pronunciation (2) the news (3) english television r：2, 4, 6, 7activity 31. (1)2. (1)3. (1)4. (1) you should eat should not spend why dontits a good(2) (2) (2) (2) a good youre am not sure thats suppose so conversationstask 1bddcatask 2cdacpassagetask 1dacdtask 2(1) alternative(2) numerous(3) traditional(4) academic(5) countryside(6) athletes(7) take advantage of(8) secondary(9) in a collective effort(10) serve as。
日本国立材料科学研究所客人访问金属所
授到兰州化物所进行学术交流
２ １ 年 １ 月２ ０ ０ ０ ６日，应 固体润 滑 国家重点 实验 室
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先锋导航AVIC-F7154说明书
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可降解塑料相关资料
更多资料请访问.(.....)《知识产权与专利情报》课程专利检索报告题目：可降解塑料学院专业年级姓名座位号2011年5 月17 日一、技术背景可降解塑料是指在生产过程中加入一定量的添加剂（如淀粉、改性淀粉或其它纤维素、光敏剂、生物降解剂等），稳定性下降，较容易在自然环境中降解的塑料。
可降解的塑料一般分为四大类：①光降解塑料：在塑料中掺入光敏剂，在日照下使塑料逐渐分解。
它属于较早的一代降解塑料，其缺点是降解时间因日照和气候变化难以预测，因而无法控制降解时间。
②生物降解塑料：在微生物的作用下，可完全分解为低分子化合物的塑料。
其特点是贮存运输方便，只要保持干燥，不需避光，应用范围广，不但可以用于农用地膜、包装袋，而且广泛用于医药领域。
③光/生物降解：光降解和微生物相结合的一类塑料，它同时具有光和微生物降解塑料的特点。
④水降解塑料：在塑料中添加吸水性物质，用完后弃于水中即能溶解掉，主要用于医药卫生用具方面（如医用手套），便于销毁和消毒处理。
二、检索工具中国知识产权网/三、关键词及IPC分类(采用三号字、黑体、居中)3.1关键词降解；生物降解；可降解；老化；劣化塑料；塑胶；高分子聚合物；合成树脂；聚氯乙烯；PVC；聚乙烯；PE；聚丙烯3.2 IPC分类号C08L%；C08K%；C08J%；四、检索策略S1 摘要=(生物降解or 可降解) and 分类号=(c08l% or c08k% or c08j%)S2 摘要=(塑料or 塑胶or 高分子聚合物or 合成树脂or 聚氯乙烯or pvc or 聚乙烯or pe or 聚丙烯or pp or 聚苯乙烯or ps) and (生物降解or 可降解)S3 摘要=(生物降解or 可降解)and分类号=(b29c%)S4 S1 or S2 or S3摘要=(生物降解or 可降解) and 分类号=(c08l% or c08k% or c08j%) or 摘要=(塑料or 塑胶or 高分子聚合物or 合成树脂or 聚氯乙烯or pvc or 聚乙烯or pe or 聚丙烯or pp or 聚苯乙烯or ps) and (生物降解or 可降解) or 摘要=(生物降解or 可降解)and分类号=(b29c%)五、专利分析检索结果进一步限定为“发明专利”，共计1722条记录。
期待建立高水准自贸区——专访日本贸易振兴机构北京代表处副所长箱崎大
步 加 剧 ， 由 于 中 国 面 向 欧 洲 的 产 品 出 口增 长
趋 缓 ，将对 日本 高 附加值原 材料 及零 部件 出
口造 成 更 大 影 响 。在 对 华 进 口方 面 ，随 着 高
附加值 产 品的生 产不 断 向中 国转 移 ，预计 通 信 设备 、汽 车 的部分 零部件 、服 装及 辅料 的
日企 的 现 象 也 已 渐 渐 习 惯 。 ” 但 同 时 他 也 坦 诚 地 指 出 ， 日本 人 口 只 有 中 国 的 十 分 之 一 ， 企 业 经 营 成 本 较 高 ，且 消 费 者 对 产 品 质 量 要
中国企业进入 日本市 入
求 高 ，所 以市场 竞争 异常 激烈 。 中国企业 进 日本 市场 ，需适 应其 高标 准 、严要 求 的传
银 行 的一 份 问卷调查 显示 ，中国长期 位列 对 日本 最有 投资 吸引力 的国家之 首 。随着 中 国 制造业 产 能的扩 大 ， 日本 汽车供 应 商的投 资
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１ ．％，创下 历史 新 高 。其 中 ， 日本 对华 出 ４３
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会议机制下 ，有关部 门正推进三 国无缝物流服 球经济体系 中的作用。 务体系建设 ，全面实现三国陆海联运。 “ 当然 ，完 全 自由化对 于各 国 民众 和经 济部 门来 说都 是难 以接受 的。不管 哪个 国 家
MSA手册(第三版)
内部资料严禁翻印测量系统分析参考手册第三版1990年2月第一版1995年2月第一版；1998年6月第二次印刷2002年3月第三版©1990©1995©2002版权由戴姆勒克莱斯勒、福特和通用汽车公司所有本参考手册是在美国质量协会（ASQ）及汽车工业行动集团（AIAG）主持下，由戴姆勒克莱斯勒、福特和通用汽车公司供方质量要求特别工作组认可的测量系统分析（MSA）工作组编写，负责第三版的工作组成员是David Benham（戴姆勒克莱斯勒）、Michael Down （通用）、Peter Cvetkovski（福特），以及Gregory Gruska（第三代公司）、Tripp Martin（FM 公司）、以及Steve Stahley（SRS技术服务）。
过去，克莱斯勒、福特和通用汽车公司各有其用于保证供方产品一致性的指南和格式。
这些指南的差异导致了对供方资源的额外要求。
为了改善这种状况，特别工作组被特许将克莱斯勒、福特和通用汽车公司所使用的参考手册、程序、报告格式有及技术术语进行标准化处理。
因此，克莱斯勒、福特和通用汽车公司同意在1990年编写并以通过AIAG分发MSA手册。
第一版发行后，供方反应良好，并根据实际应用经验，提出了一些修改建议，这些建议都已纳入第二版和第三版。
由克莱斯勒、福特和通用汽车公司批准并承认的本手册是QS-9000的补充参考文件。
本手册对测量系统分析进行了介绍，它并不限制与特殊生产过程或特殊商品相适应的分析方法的发展。
尽管这些指南非覆盖测量系统通常出现的情况，但可能还有一些问题没有考虑到。
这些问题应直接向顾客的供方质量质量保证（SQA）部门提出。
如果不知如何与有关的SQA部门联系，在顾客采购部的采购员可以提供帮助。
MSA工作组衷心感谢：戴姆勒克莱斯勒汽车公司副总裁Tom Sidlik、福特汽车公司Carlos Mazzorin，以及通用汽车公司Bo Andersson的指导和承诺；感谢AIAG在编写、出版、分发手册中提供的帮助；感谢特别工作组负责人Hank Gryn（戴姆勒克莱斯勒）、Russ Hopkins （福特）、Joe Bransky（通用），Jackie Parkhurst（通用（作为代表与ASQ及美国试验与材料协会（国际ASTM）的联系。
中诚信国际信用评级有限责任公司备案材料
中诚信国际信用评级有限责任公司关于银行间市场债券评级业务相关资料的公示中诚信国际信用评级有限责任公司China Chengxin International Credit Rating Co.,LTD中诚信国际信用评级有限责任公司（以下简称“中诚信国际”，英文简称“CCXI”）是经中国人民银行总行、中华人民共和国对外贸易经济合作部批准，在中国国家工商行政管理局登记注册成立的国内第一家国际化、专业化的中外合资信用评级机构。
中诚信国际是中国本土评级事业的开拓者，我们以发展中国本土评级为己任，以促进中国本土评级机构评级技术的提高为宗旨，经过了13年的信用评级实践，中诚信国际已经形成了具有自主知识产权的信用评级技术、方法和评级模型，促进了中国信用评级市场和资本市场的发展。
自1992年中国诚信(中诚信国际前身)成立以来，中诚信国际一直引领着我国信用评级行业的发展，创新开发了数十项信用评级业务，包括长、短期企业债券评级、可转换债券评级、信贷企业评级、保险公司评级、信托产品评级、货币市场基金评级、资产证券化评级、公司治理评级等。
近年来中诚信国际在信用评级业务方面完成了数项开创性评级业务和技术，新的评级业务和技术创新极大的推动了中国评级市场的发展，提高了中国信用评级业的技术水平。
2003年以来中诚信国际在信用评级业务和技术方面的重大创新主要有： 2003年04月，在全国首家开展对不良资产证券化的信用评级2004年02月，在全国首家开展对保险公司次级债信用评级2004年04月，在全国首家发布对国内15家银行的综合财务实力主动评级2004年04月，在全国首家开展对银行信贷资产证券化项目的信用评级2004年07月，在全国首家开展对个人住房抵押贷款证券化项目的信用评级2004年07月，在全国首家发布对国内14家银行的个体财务实力主动评级2004年09月，在全国首家开展对国内32个省市的地区风险评级2005年05月，在全国首家开展短期融资券的信用评级2005年06月，在全国首家推出《中国上市公司治理评级体系》中诚信国际经过多年的实践积累，加上国际著名评级机构专家的指导参与，已形成一套适用于中国经济环境的评级体系。
Native Instruments MASCHINE MK3 用户手册说明书
The information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Native Instruments GmbH. The software described by this docu-ment is subject to a License Agreement and may not be copied to other media. No part of this publication may be copied, reproduced or otherwise transmitted or recorded, for any purpose, without prior written permission by Native Instruments GmbH, hereinafter referred to as Native Instruments.“Native Instruments”, “NI” and associated logos are (registered) trademarks of Native Instru-ments GmbH.ASIO, VST, HALion and Cubase are registered trademarks of Steinberg Media Technologies GmbH.All other product and company names are trademarks™ or registered® trademarks of their re-spective holders. Use of them does not imply any affiliation with or endorsement by them.Document authored by: David Gover and Nico Sidi.Software version: 2.6.11 (11/2017)Hardware version: MASCHINE MK3Special thanks to the Beta Test Team, who were invaluable not just in tracking down bugs, but in making this a better product.NATIVE INSTRUMENTS GmbH Schlesische Str. 29-30D-10997 Berlin Germanywww.native-instruments.de NATIVE INSTRUMENTS North America, Inc. 6725 Sunset Boulevard5th FloorLos Angeles, CA 90028USANATIVE INSTRUMENTS K.K.YO Building 3FJingumae 6-7-15, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-0001Japanwww.native-instruments.co.jp NATIVE INSTRUMENTS UK Limited 18 Phipp StreetLondon EC2A 4NUUKNATIVE INSTRUMENTS FRANCE SARL 113 Rue Saint-Maur75011 ParisFrance SHENZHEN NATIVE INSTRUMENTS COMPANY Limited 203B & 201B, Nanshan E-Commerce Base Of Innovative ServicesShi Yun Road, Shekou, Nanshan, Shenzhen China© NATIVE INSTRUMENTS GmbH, 2017. All rights reserved.Table of Contents1Welcome to MASCHINE (23)1.1MASCHINE Documentation (24)1.2Document Conventions (25)1.3New Features in MASCHINE 2.6.11 (27)2Basic Concepts (29)2.1Important Names and Concepts (29)2.2Adjusting the MASCHINE User Interface (32)2.2.1Adjusting the Size of the Interface (32)2.2.2Switching between Ideas View and Arranger View (33)2.2.3Showing/Hiding the Browser (34)2.2.4Minimizing the Mixer (34)2.2.5Showing/Hiding the Control Lane (35)2.3Common Operations (36)2.3.1Using the 4-Directional Push Encoder (36)2.3.2Pinning a Mode on the Controller (37)2.3.3Pinning a Mode on the Controller (38)2.3.4Undo/Redo (39)2.3.5List Overlay for Selectors (41)2.3.6Zoom and Scroll Overlays (42)2.3.7Focusing on a Group or a Sound (42)2.3.8Switching Between the Master, Group, and Sound Level (47)2.3.9Navigating Channel Properties, Plug-ins, and Parameter Pages in the Control Area.482.3.9.1Extended Navigate Mode on Your Controller (53)2.3.10Using Two or More Hardware Controllers (56)2.3.11Touch Auto-Write Option (58)2.4Native Kontrol Standard (60)2.5Stand-Alone and Plug-in Mode (62)2.5.1Differences between Stand-Alone and Plug-in Mode (62)2.5.2Switching Instances (63)2.5.3Controlling Various Instances with Different Controllers (64)2.6Preferences (65)2.6.1Preferences – General Page (66)2.6.2Preferences – Audio Page (70)2.6.3Preferences – MIDI Page (74)2.6.4Preferences – Default Page (77)2.6.5Preferences – Library Page (81)2.6.6Preferences – Plug-ins Page (89)2.6.7Preferences – Hardware Page (94)2.6.8Preferences – Colors Page (98)2.7Integrating MASCHINE into a MIDI Setup (100)2.7.1Connecting External MIDI Equipment (100)2.7.2Sync to External MIDI Clock (101)2.7.3Send MIDI Clock (102)2.8Syncing MASCHINE using Ableton Link (103)2.8.1Connecting to a Network (103)2.8.2Joining and Leaving a Link Session (103)2.9Using a Pedal with the MASCHINE Controller (105)2.10File Management on the MASCHINE Controller (105)3Browser (107)3.1Browser Basics (107)3.1.1The MASCHINE Library (107)3.1.2Browsing the Library vs. Browsing Your Hard Disks (108)3.2Searching and Loading Files from the Library (109)3.2.1Overview of the LIBRARY Pane (109)3.2.2Selecting or Loading a Product and Selecting a Bank from the Browser (114)3.2.2.1Browsing by Product Category Using MASCHINE MK3 (118)3.2.2.2Browsing by Product Vendor Using MASCHINE MK3 (119)3.2.3Selecting a Product Category, a Product, a Bank, and a Sub-Bank (119)3.2.3.1Selecting a Product Category, a Product, a Bank, and a Sub-Bank on theController (124)3.2.4Selecting a File Type (125)3.2.5Choosing Between Factory and User Content (126)3.2.6Selecting Type and Mode Tags (127)3.2.7List and Tag Overlays in the Browser (133)3.2.8Performing a Text Search (135)3.2.9Loading a File from the Result List (135)3.3Additional Browsing Tools (140)3.3.1Loading the Selected Files Automatically (140)3.3.2Auditioning Instrument Presets (142)3.3.3Auditioning Samples (143)3.3.4Loading Groups with Patterns (144)3.3.5Loading Groups with Routing (145)3.3.6Displaying File Information (145)3.4Using Favorites in the Browser (146)3.5Editing the Files’ Tags and Properties (152)3.5.1Attribute Editor Basics (152)3.5.2The BANK Page (154)3.5.3The TYPES and MODES Pages (155)3.5.4The PROPERTIES Page (157)3.6Loading and Importing Files from Your File System (158)3.6.1Overview of the FILES Pane (158)3.6.2Using Favorites (160)3.6.3Using the Location Bar (161)3.6.4Navigating to Recent Locations (162)3.6.5Using the Result List (163)3.6.6Importing Files to the MASCHINE Library (166)3.7Locating Missing Samples (168)3.8Using Quick Browse (170)4Managing Sounds, Groups, and Your Project (175)4.1Overview of the Sounds, Groups, and Master (175)4.1.1The Sound, Group, and Master Channels (176)4.1.2Similarities and Differences in Handling Sounds and Groups (177)4.1.3Selecting Multiple Sounds or Groups (178)4.2Managing Sounds (183)4.2.1Loading Sounds (185)4.2.2Pre-listening to Sounds (186)4.2.3Renaming Sound Slots (187)4.2.4Changing the Sound’s Color (187)4.2.5Saving Sounds (189)4.2.6Copying and Pasting Sounds (191)4.2.7Moving Sounds (194)4.2.8Resetting Sound Slots (196)4.3Managing Groups (197)4.3.1Creating Groups (198)4.3.2Loading Groups (200)4.3.3Renaming Groups (201)4.3.4Changing the Group’s Color (201)4.3.5Saving Groups (203)4.3.6Copying and Pasting Groups (205)4.3.7Reordering Groups (208)4.3.8Deleting Groups (209)4.4Exporting MASCHINE Objects and Audio (210)4.4.1Saving a Group with its Samples (211)4.4.2Saving a Project with its Samples (212)4.4.3Exporting Audio (214)4.5Importing Third-Party File Formats (221)4.5.1Loading REX Files into Sound Slots (221)4.5.2Importing MPC Programs to Groups (222)5Playing on the Controller (226)5.1Adjusting the Pads (226)5.1.1The Pad View in the Software (226)5.1.2Choosing a Pad Input Mode (228)5.1.3Adjusting the Base Key (231)5.1.4Using Choke Groups (233)5.1.5Using Link Groups (235)5.2Adjusting the Key, Choke, and Link Parameters for Multiple Sounds (238)5.3Adjusting the Base Key (239)5.4Playing Tools (240)5.4.1Mute and Solo (241)5.4.2Choke All Notes (245)5.4.3Groove (246)5.4.4Level, Tempo, Tune, and Groove Shortcuts on Your Controller (248)5.4.5Tap Tempo (252)5.5Performance Features (253)5.5.1Overview of the Perform Features (253)5.5.2Selecting a Scale and Creating Chords (256)5.5.3Scale and Chord Parameters (256)5.5.4Creating Arpeggios and Repeated Notes (262)5.5.5Swing on Note Repeat / Arp Output (267)5.6Using Lock Snapshots (268)5.6.1Creating a Lock Snapshot (268)5.6.2Using Extended Lock (269)5.6.3Updating a Lock Snapshot (269)5.6.4Recalling a Lock Snapshot (270)5.6.5Morphing Between Lock Snapshots (270)5.6.6Deleting a Lock Snapshot (271)5.6.7Triggering Lock Snapshots via MIDI (272)5.7Using the Smart Strip (274)5.7.1Pitch Mode (274)5.7.2Modulation Mode (275)5.7.3Perform Mode (275)5.7.4Notes Mode (276)6Working with Plug-ins (277)6.1Plug-in Overview (277)6.1.1Plug-in Basics (277)6.1.2First Plug-in Slot of Sounds: Choosing the Sound’s Role (281)6.1.3Loading, Removing, and Replacing a Plug-in (281)6.1.3.1Browser Plug-in Slot Selection (287)6.1.4Adjusting the Plug-in Parameters (290)6.1.5Bypassing Plug-in Slots (290)6.1.6Using Side-Chain (292)6.1.7Moving Plug-ins (292)6.1.8Alternative: the Plug-in Strip (294)6.1.9Saving and Recalling Plug-in Presets (294)6.1.9.1Saving Plug-in Presets (295)6.1.9.2Recalling Plug-in Presets (296)6.1.9.3Removing a Default Plug-in Preset (297)6.2The Sampler Plug-in (298)6.2.1Page 1: Voice Settings / Engine (300)6.2.2Page 2: Pitch / Envelope (302)6.2.3Page 3: FX / Filter (305)6.2.4Page 4: Modulation (307)6.2.5Page 5: LFO (309)6.2.6Page 6: Velocity / Modwheel (311)6.3Using Native Instruments and External Plug-ins (313)6.3.1Opening/Closing Plug-in Windows (313)6.3.2Using the VST/AU Plug-in Parameters (316)6.3.3Setting Up Your Own Parameter Pages (317)6.3.4Using VST/AU Plug-in Presets (322)6.3.5Multiple-Output Plug-ins and Multitimbral Plug-ins (325)7Working with Patterns (326)7.1Pattern Basics (326)7.1.1Pattern Editor Overview (327)7.1.2Navigating the Event Area (333)7.1.3Following the Playback Position in the Pattern (335)7.1.4Jumping to Another Playback Position in the Pattern (337)7.1.5Group View and Keyboard View (338)7.1.6Adjusting the Arrange Grid and the Pattern Length (341)7.1.7Adjusting the Step Grid and the Nudge Grid (344)7.2Recording Patterns in Real Time (349)7.2.1Recording Your Patterns Live (349)7.2.2The Record Prepare Mode (352)7.2.3Using the Metronome (353)7.2.4Recording with Count-in (354)7.2.5Quantizing while Recording (356)7.3Recording Patterns with the Step Sequencer (356)7.3.1Step Mode Basics (356)7.3.2Editing Events in Step Mode (359)7.3.3Recording Modulation in Step Mode (361)7.4Editing Events (361)7.4.1Editing Events with the Mouse: an Overview (362)7.4.2Creating Events/Notes (365)7.4.3Selecting Events/Notes (366)7.4.4Editing Selected Events/Notes (372)7.4.5Deleting Events/Notes (378)7.4.6Cut, Copy, and Paste Events/Notes (381)7.4.7Quantizing Events/Notes (383)7.4.8Quantization While Playing (385)7.4.9Doubling a Pattern (386)7.4.10Adding Variation to Patterns (387)7.5Recording and Editing Modulation (391)7.5.1Which Parameters Are Modulatable? (392)7.5.2Recording Modulation (393)7.5.3Creating and Editing Modulation in the Control Lane (395)7.6Creating MIDI Tracks from Scratch in MASCHINE (401)7.7Managing Patterns (403)7.7.1The Pattern Manager and Pattern Mode (403)7.7.2Selecting Patterns and Pattern Banks (406)7.7.3Creating Patterns (408)7.7.4Deleting Patterns (410)7.7.5Creating and Deleting Pattern Banks (411)7.7.6Naming Patterns (413)7.7.7Changing the Pattern’s Color (415)7.7.8Duplicating, Copying, and Pasting Patterns (416)7.7.9Moving Patterns (419)7.7.10Adjusting Pattern Length in Fine Increments (420)7.8Importing/Exporting Audio and MIDI to/from Patterns (421)7.8.1Exporting Audio from Patterns (421)7.8.2Exporting MIDI from Patterns (422)7.8.3Importing MIDI to Patterns (425)8Audio Routing, Remote Control, and Macro Controls (434)8.1Audio Routing in MASCHINE (435)8.1.1Sending External Audio to Sounds (436)8.1.2Configuring the Main Output of Sounds and Groups (441)8.1.3Setting Up Auxiliary Outputs for Sounds and Groups (446)8.1.4Configuring the Master and Cue Outputs of MASCHINE (450)8.1.5Mono Audio Inputs (456)8.1.5.1Configuring External Inputs for Sounds in Mix View (457)8.2Using MIDI Control and Host Automation (461)8.2.1Triggering Sounds via MIDI Notes (462)8.2.2Triggering Scenes via MIDI (469)8.2.3Controlling Parameters via MIDI and Host Automation (471)8.2.4Selecting VST/AU Plug-in Presets via MIDI Program Change (479)8.2.5Sending MIDI from Sounds (480)8.3Creating Custom Sets of Parameters with the Macro Controls (484)8.3.1Macro Control Overview (485)8.3.2Assigning Macro Controls Using the Software (486)8.3.3Assigning Macro Controls Using the Controller (492)9Controlling Your Mix (494)9.1Mix View Basics (494)9.1.1Switching between Arrange View and Mix View (494)9.1.2Mix View Elements (495)9.2The Mixer (497)9.2.1Displaying Groups vs. Displaying Sounds (498)9.2.2Adjusting the Mixer Layout (500)9.2.3Selecting Channel Strips (501)9.2.4Managing Your Channels in the Mixer (502)9.2.5Adjusting Settings in the Channel Strips (504)9.2.6Using the Cue Bus (508)9.3The Plug-in Chain (510)9.4The Plug-in Strip (511)9.4.1The Plug-in Header (513)9.4.2Panels for Drumsynths and Internal Effects (515)9.4.3Panel for the Sampler (516)9.4.4Custom Panels for Native Instruments Plug-ins (519)9.4.5Undocking a Plug-in Panel (Native Instruments and External Plug-ins Only) (523)9.5Controlling Your Mix from the Controller (525)9.5.1Navigating Your Channels in Mix Mode (526)9.5.2Adjusting the Level and Pan in Mix Mode (527)9.5.3Mute and Solo in Mix Mode (528)9.5.4Plug-in Icons in Mix Mode (528)10Using the Drumsynths (529)10.1Drumsynths – General Handling (530)10.1.1Engines: Many Different Drums per Drumsynth (530)10.1.2Common Parameter Organization (530)10.1.3Shared Parameters (533)10.1.4Various Velocity Responses (533)10.1.5Pitch Range, Tuning, and MIDI Notes (533)10.2The Kicks (534)10.2.1Kick – Sub (536)10.2.2Kick – Tronic (538)10.2.3Kick – Dusty (541)10.2.4Kick – Grit (542)10.2.5Kick – Rasper (545)10.2.6Kick – Snappy (546)10.2.7Kick – Bold (548)10.2.8Kick – Maple (550)10.2.9Kick – Push (551)10.3The Snares (553)10.3.1Snare – Volt (555)10.3.2Snare – Bit (557)10.3.3Snare – Pow (559)10.3.4Snare – Sharp (560)10.3.5Snare – Airy (562)10.3.6Snare – Vintage (564)10.3.7Snare – Chrome (566)10.3.8Snare – Iron (568)10.3.9Snare – Clap (570)10.3.10Snare – Breaker (572)10.4The Hi-hats (574)10.4.1Hi-hat – Silver (575)10.4.2Hi-hat – Circuit (577)10.4.3Hi-hat – Memory (579)10.4.4Hi-hat – Hybrid (581)10.4.5Creating a Pattern with Closed and Open Hi-hats (583)10.5The Toms (584)10.5.1Tom – Tronic (586)10.5.2Tom – Fractal (588)10.5.3Tom – Floor (592)10.5.4Tom – High (594)10.6The Percussions (595)10.6.1Percussion – Fractal (597)10.6.2Percussion – Kettle (600)10.6.3Percussion – Shaker (602)10.7The Cymbals (606)10.7.1Cymbal – Crash (608)10.7.2Cymbal – Ride (610)11Using the Bass Synth (613)11.1Bass Synth – General Handling (614)11.1.1Parameter Organization (614)11.1.2Bass Synth Parameters (616)12Using Effects (618)12.1Applying Effects to a Sound, a Group or the Master (618)12.1.1Adding an Effect (618)12.1.2Other Operations on Effects (627)12.1.3Using the Side-Chain Input (629)12.2Applying Effects to External Audio (632)12.2.1Step 1: Configure MASCHINE Audio Inputs (632)12.2.2Step 2: Set up a Sound to Receive the External Input (635)12.2.3Step 3: Load an Effect to Process an Input (637)12.3Creating a Send Effect (639)12.3.1Step 1: Set Up a Sound or Group as Send Effect (639)12.3.2Step 2: Route Audio to the Send Effect (644)12.3.3 A Few Notes on Send Effects (646)12.4Creating Multi-Effects (647)13Effect Reference (650)13.1Dynamics (651)13.1.1Compressor (651)13.1.2Gate (655)13.1.3Transient Master (659)13.1.4Limiter (661)13.1.5Maximizer (665)13.2Filtering Effects (668)13.2.1EQ (668)13.2.2Filter (671)13.2.3Cabinet (675)13.3Modulation Effects (676)13.3.1Chorus (676)13.3.2Flanger (678)13.3.3FM (680)13.3.4Freq Shifter (681)13.3.5Phaser (683)13.4Spatial and Reverb Effects (685)13.4.1Ice (685)13.4.2Metaverb (687)13.4.3Reflex (688)13.4.4Reverb (Legacy) (690)13.4.5Reverb (692)13.4.5.1Reverb Room (692)13.4.5.2Reverb Hall (695)13.4.5.3Plate Reverb (698)13.5Delays (700)13.5.1Beat Delay (700)13.5.2Grain Delay (703)13.5.3Grain Stretch (705)13.5.4Resochord (707)13.6Distortion Effects (709)13.6.1Distortion (709)13.6.2Lofi (711)13.6.3Saturator (713)13.6.4Analog Distortion (716)13.7Perform FX (718)13.7.1Filter (719)13.7.2Flanger (721)13.7.3Burst Echo (724)13.7.4Reso Echo (726)13.7.5Ring (729)13.7.6Stutter (731)13.7.7Tremolo (734)13.7.8Scratcher (737)14Working with the Arranger (740)14.1Arranger Basics (740)14.1.1Navigating the Arranger (743)14.1.2Following the Playback Position in Your Project (745)14.1.3Jumping to Other Sections (746)14.2Using Ideas View (748)14.2.1Scene Overview (748)14.2.2Creating Scenes (750)14.2.3Assigning and Removing Patterns (751)14.2.4Selecting Scenes (755)14.2.5Deleting Scenes (757)14.2.6Creating and Deleting Scene Banks (758)14.2.7Clearing Scenes (759)14.2.8Duplicating Scenes (759)14.2.9Reordering Scenes (761)14.2.10Making Scenes Unique (762)14.2.11Appending Scenes to Arrangement (763)14.2.12Naming Scenes (764)14.2.13Changing the Color of a Scene (765)14.3Using Arranger View (767)14.3.1Section Management Overview (767)14.3.2Creating Sections (772)14.3.3Assigning a Scene to a Section (773)14.3.4Selecting Sections and Section Banks (774)14.3.5Reorganizing Sections (778)14.3.6Adjusting the Length of a Section (779)14.3.6.1Adjusting the Length of a Section Using the Software (781)14.3.6.2Adjusting the Length of a Section Using the Controller (782)14.3.7Assigning and Removing Patterns (783)14.3.8Duplicating Sections (785)14.3.8.1Making Sections Unique (786)14.3.9Removing Sections (787)14.3.10Renaming Scenes (789)14.3.11Clearing Sections (790)14.3.12Creating and Deleting Section Banks (791)14.3.13Enabling Auto Length (792)14.3.14Looping (793)14.3.14.1Setting the Loop Range in the Software (793)14.4Playing with Sections (794)14.4.1Jumping to another Playback Position in Your Project (795)14.5Triggering Sections or Scenes via MIDI (796)14.6The Arrange Grid (798)14.7Quick Grid (800)15Sampling and Sample Mapping (801)15.1Opening the Sample Editor (801)15.2Recording a Sample (802)15.2.1Opening the Record Page (802)15.2.2Selecting the Source and the Recording Mode (803)15.2.3Arming, Starting, and Stopping the Recording (806)15.2.5Checking Your Recordings (810)15.2.6Location and Name of Your Recorded Samples (813)15.3Editing a Sample (814)15.3.1Using the Edit Page (814)15.3.2Audio Editing Functions (820)15.4Slicing a Sample (828)15.4.1Opening the Slice Page (829)15.4.2Adjusting the Slicing Settings (830)15.4.3Live Slicing (836)15.4.3.1Live Slicing Using the Controller (836)15.4.3.2Delete All Slices (837)15.4.4Manually Adjusting Your Slices (837)15.4.5Applying the Slicing (844)15.5Mapping Samples to Zones (850)15.5.1Opening the Zone Page (850)15.5.2Zone Page Overview (851)15.5.3Selecting and Managing Zones in the Zone List (853)15.5.4Selecting and Editing Zones in the Map View (858)15.5.5Editing Zones in the Sample View (862)15.5.6Adjusting the Zone Settings (865)15.5.7Adding Samples to the Sample Map (872)16Appendix: Tips for Playing Live (875)16.1Preparations (875)16.1.1Focus on the Hardware (875)16.1.2Customize the Pads of the Hardware (875)16.1.3Check Your CPU Power Before Playing (875)16.1.4Name and Color Your Groups, Patterns, Sounds and Scenes (876)16.1.5Consider Using a Limiter on Your Master (876)16.1.6Hook Up Your Other Gear and Sync It with MIDI Clock (876)16.1.7Improvise (876)16.2Basic Techniques (876)16.2.1Use Mute and Solo (876)16.2.2Use Scene Mode and Tweak the Loop Range (877)16.2.3Create Variations of Your Drum Patterns in the Step Sequencer (877)16.2.4Use Note Repeat (877)16.2.5Set Up Your Own Multi-effect Groups and Automate Them (877)16.3Special Tricks (878)16.3.1Changing Pattern Length for Variation (878)16.3.2Using Loops to Cycle Through Samples (878)16.3.3Using Loops to Cycle Through Samples (878)16.3.4Load Long Audio Files and Play with the Start Point (878)17Troubleshooting (879)17.1Knowledge Base (879)17.2Technical Support (879)17.3Registration Support (880)17.4User Forum (880)18Glossary (881)Index (889)1Welcome to MASCHINEThank you for buying MASCHINE!MASCHINE is a groove production studio that implements the familiar working style of classi-cal groove boxes along with the advantages of a computer based system. MASCHINE is ideal for making music live, as well as in the studio. It’s the hands-on aspect of a dedicated instru-ment, the MASCHINE hardware controller, united with the advanced editing features of the MASCHINE software.Creating beats is often not very intuitive with a computer, but using the MASCHINE hardware controller to do it makes it easy and fun. You can tap in freely with the pads or use Note Re-peat to jam along. Alternatively, build your beats using the step sequencer just as in classic drum machines.Patterns can be intuitively combined and rearranged on the fly to form larger ideas. You can try out several different versions of a song without ever having to stop the music.Since you can integrate it into any sequencer that supports VST, AU, or AAX plug-ins, you can reap the benefits in almost any software setup, or use it as a stand-alone application. You can sample your own material, slice loops and rearrange them easily.However, MASCHINE is a lot more than an ordinary groovebox or sampler: it comes with an inspiring 7-gigabyte library, and a sophisticated, yet easy to use tag-based Browser to give you instant access to the sounds you are looking for.What’s more, MASCHINE provides lots of options for manipulating your sounds via internal ef-fects and other sound-shaping possibilities. You can also control external MIDI hardware and 3rd-party software with the MASCHINE hardware controller, while customizing the functions of the pads, knobs and buttons according to your needs utilizing the included Controller Editor application. We hope you enjoy this fantastic instrument as much as we do. Now let’s get go-ing!—The MASCHINE team at Native Instruments.MASCHINE Documentation1.1MASCHINE DocumentationNative Instruments provide many information sources regarding MASCHINE. The main docu-ments should be read in the following sequence:1.MASCHINE Getting Started: This document provides a practical approach to MASCHINE viaa set of tutorials covering easy and more advanced tasks in order to help you familiarizeyourself with MASCHINE.2.MASCHINE Manual (this document): The MASCHINE Manual provides you with a compre-hensive description of all MASCHINE software and hardware features.Additional documentation sources provide you with details on more specific topics:▪Controller Editor Manual: Besides using your MASCHINE hardware controller together withits dedicated MASCHINE software, you can also use it as a powerful and highly versatileMIDI controller to pilot any other MIDI-capable application or device. This is made possibleby the Controller Editor software, an application that allows you to precisely define all MIDIassignments for your MASCHINE controller. The Controller Editor was installed during theMASCHINE installation procedure. For more information on this, please refer to the Con-troller Editor Manual available as a PDF file via the Help menu of Controller Editor.▪Online Support Videos: You can find a number of support videos on The Official Native In-struments Support Channel under the following URL: https:///NIsupport-EN We recommend that you follow along with these instructions while the respective appli-cation is running on your computer.Other Online Resources:If you are experiencing problems related to your Native Instruments product that the supplied documentation does not cover, there are several ways of getting help:▪Knowledge Base▪User Forum▪Technical Support▪Registration SupportYou will find more information on these subjects in the chapter Troubleshooting.1.2Document ConventionsThis section introduces you to the signage and text highlighting used in this manual. This man-ual uses particular formatting to point out special facts and to warn you of potential issues. The icons introducing these notes let you see what kind of information is to be expected:This document uses particular formatting to point out special facts and to warn you of poten-tial issues. The icons introducing the following notes let you see what kind of information can be expected:Furthermore, the following formatting is used:▪Text appearing in (drop-down) menus (such as Open…, Save as… etc.) in the software and paths to locations on your hard disk or other storage devices is printed in italics.▪Text appearing elsewhere (labels of buttons, controls, text next to checkboxes etc.) in the software is printed in blue. Whenever you see this formatting applied, you will find the same text appearing somewhere on the screen.▪Text appearing on the displays of the controller is printed in light grey. Whenever you see this formatting applied, you will find the same text on a controller display.▪Text appearing on labels of the hardware controller is printed in orange. Whenever you see this formatting applied, you will find the same text on the controller.▪Important names and concepts are printed in bold.▪References to keys on your computer’s keyboard you’ll find put in square brackets (e.g.,“Press [Shift] + [Enter]”).►Single instructions are introduced by this play button type arrow.→Results of actions are introduced by this smaller arrow.Naming ConventionThroughout the documentation we will refer to MASCHINE controller (or just controller) as the hardware controller and MASCHINE software as the software installed on your computer.The term “effect” will sometimes be abbreviated as “FX” when referring to elements in the MA-SCHINE software and hardware. These terms have the same meaning.Button Combinations and Shortcuts on Your ControllerMost instructions will use the “+” sign to indicate buttons (or buttons and pads) that must be pressed simultaneously, starting with the button indicated first. E.g., an instruction such as:“Press SHIFT + PLAY”means:1.Press and hold SHIFT.2.While holding SHIFT, press PLAY and release it.3.Release SHIFT.Unlabeled Buttons on the ControllerThe buttons and knobs above and below the displays on your MASCHINE controller do not have labels.1234567812345678The unlabeled buttons and knobs on the MASCHINE controller.For better reference, we applied a special formatting here: throughout the document, the ele-ments are capitalized and numbered, so the buttons above the displays are written Button 1 to Button 8, while the knobs under the displays are written Knob 1 to Knob 8. E.g., whenever you see an instruction such as “Press Button 2 to open the EDIT page,” you’ll know it’s the second button from the left above the displays.1.3New Features in MASCHINE2.6.11The following two new features have been added to MASCHINE 2.6.11 and are only aimed at MASCHINE MK3 users:▪Introduction of the General, Audio, MIDI and Hardware Preferences direct from the MA-SCHINE MK3 controller using the SETTINGS button. For more information on using the Preferences from the hardware, refer to each section of the following chapter: ↑2.6, Prefer-ences.。
中国新闻日文版阅读资料(二)
北京の自動車部品産業拡大【自動車】自動車シャーシー、動力制御系統で有名な浙江亜太機電股份公司が北京汽車工業控股公司とそれぞれ1000万元を出資して北京亜太汽車底盤系統有限公司を設立した。
北京汽車の傘下には現在、北京現代、北京奔驰（ベンツ）、北汽福田及び北汽有限の4つの完成車工場がある。
今年の自動車販売台数は70万台前後、部品需要は大きい。
北京汽車の傘下にはすでに幾つかの部品メーカーがあるが、今回の亜太との合弁は北京汽車制動泵厂の資産を投下したもの。
今回の合弁では北京汽車は自動車部品の海外輸出を視野に入れている。
北京汽車は今回の合弁のほか、内外4-5社との合弁交渉を行っている。
（参考：06/12/30北京日報） ◆ 視点論点 ◆北京汽車が部品産業の構築に本腰を入れ始めた。
上海、広州に後れを取りたくない気持ちの表れ。
部品産業の重要性を認識した北京の急追が始まる。
中国メーカー、米デルファイ買収実現せず【自動車】昨年12月18日、米デルファイが米投資会社Appaloosa Management及びCerberus Capital Managementから34億米ドルの資金注入を受けることを明らかにした。
消息筋によると資金注入を行う企業連合にはHarbinger Capital Partners、メリルリンチ、UBS証券などが含まれる。
これに対し、デルファイの2大株主の一つHighlandCapitalがデルファイの取締役会に対し47億米ドルの資金注入計画を提案。
デルファイがいずれの提案を受け入れるかは不明だが、いずれにしても再建が大きく進展する。
中国の部品メーカーによるデルファイ買収は難しくなったといえる。
07年1月31日以前にデルファイ、GM 、全米自動車労組が新たな労働契約を締結することが必要になる。
デルファイは3.4万人の給与および福利厚生費を大幅に削減することを提案しており、労組との交渉は難航することが予想される。
日本理化学研究所主任研究员侯召民博士到我院做学术报告
作为我校 90 周年校庆年系列学术活动之一Байду номын сангаас2012 年 6 月 7 日上午，日本 理 化 学 研 究 所 （ RIKEN ） 金 属 有 机 化 学 研 究 室 主 任 研 究 员及首 席科学家 侯 召 民博士为化学科学与工程学院师生做题为“Search for New Catalysts for More Efficient, Selective Chemical Transformations”的专题学术报告。报告会由张洪彬教 授主持。
金属有机催化剂的合成及应用为近年来有机化学研究的热点领域之一。侯 召民博士详细的介绍了金属有机化合物的历史背景以及发展前景，结合自己课题 组近几年的研究成果，介绍了稀土金属催化剂的设计思想、作用及机理，着重讲 述了半茂稀土金属有机化合物在催化烯烃的聚合反应以及碳—氢键活化领域的 机理及应用等开创性的工作。
侯召民博士精彩的的学术报告受到师生们的热烈欢迎，会后师生们就相关 问题与侯博士进行深入的讨论和交流。整个报告气氛热烈，内容充实，开拓了广 大师生的学术视野。
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日本中金综合研究所相关专家来访音频整理资料古谷周三：大家下午好！我就是刚刚介绍的农林中金综合研究所的所长古谷周三，这次有幸来到浙江农林大学，能够跟在座各位见面我感觉非常高兴，众所周知，农协即我们所说的合作社，它是一个庞大的系统，我们这个研究所就是农协也就是农林合作社的研究所，我们研究范围涉及比较广，包括农业协会、农产品流通、粮食等。
惭愧的讲，今天在这介绍的是我和冈山，我们两个都不是搞研究的，前些年我们是在农协的农业银行做金融业务的，我们今天在这里介绍的是日本农业系统中面临的实实在在的问题，给大家介绍一点基本的情况，真正做研究的是阮蔚，研究世界农业问题也包括中国和日本。
今天呢，分两个部分来介绍，由冈山和我来分别来作介绍，主要是讲日本的农业和农协概括，讲完之后我会讲一些农协今天面临的具体问题，农业经济面临的问题。
我们分两步来介绍一下，首先第一步就由冈山来讲。
冈山信夫：大家下午好！我就说刚刚介绍的冈山信夫，请多多关照。
我今天讲两个问题，一个是日本农协的框架、组织结构，另一个是日本的农地问题。
现在我先简单介绍一下日本的农协机构，我这里的表上写的就是农协和股份公司，它写“注释会社”就是我们的股份公司，我们交给翻译公司翻译，最终也没有确认它，翻译公司翻译成了“注释会社”，它就是股份公司的意思，有什么区别都在这上面写着。
与中国的合作社一样，它的组织者，就是谁来成立这个公司、谁来成立这个农协，和中国不太一样的是农民合作社的社员必须是农民，成立农协的人也必须是农民。
它有很多正式社员和准社员，一些不干农活的农民也可以成为准社员，但是决定权即投票权必须是正式社员，准社员只是享受一些服务而已。
正式社员必须是农民，决议权遵循国际合作联盟的最原始的决定，即不管你出资多少一人一票，这是跟股份公司最大的区别。
农协分两种，一是综合农协，二是专业农协，综合农协现在我们国家还没有，除了专业农协的业务之外，还做农民指导，特别是金融和保险等，相当于将现有的农村合作社、农村信用社、农民专用合作社等捆绑在一起，组成一个综合农协。
日本以综合农协为主，也有一些专业农协，专业农协相当于中国的农民专业合作社，据了解，中国现在的农民专用合作社已经有一百二十多万家。
农协是从下往上控股的机构，农民出资成立农协，在过去，农协以村为单位组建，为不影响生存，有严格的地域划分，农协在地方是联合在一起的，即供销社，信用社，也包括保险合作社等，目前，综合农协大概有700个。
日本的市町村，市和村是一个级别的，它是三级行政架构。
日本有1700多个市町村，而综合农协只有700个，所以有些农协是跨市的。
二战时，农协最多的时候有13000多个，每个村都有农协，后来合并为700个。
它的行政架构是国家级、省级、市町村级，市町村级是综合农协，省级将其分为信联和经济联，前
者相当于信用联社，后者相当于供销合作省联社。
日本有47个督导府县，每个县里面都有一个供销社联社，联社的目的是，增强谈判能力。
农协主要依靠保险和信用挣钱，如农民的生命保险和财产保险。
在过去，农民资金是严重不足的，需要在外面靠一些机构来输血，日本没有出现高利贷的现象是因为农协，农民买农药化肥都是在农协里面买，就建立了信用，农协就会贷款给农民。
社员分为正式社员和准社员。
60多年前，日本民主制度的实行，使得很多农民离开或者兼业，成为非正式农民，这部分人加入农协，成为准社员。
目前正式社员是460万人，准社员的数量已经超过正式社员。
综合农协的业务主要包括，农业指导、生活指导、农产品的销售和收费。
农协存在的意义主要表现在规模经济和范围经济，范围经济的存在使得日本的农业政策执行成本变得极其低。
例如，粮食统销，全部由农协做。
利用农协这个机构，使得农业政策执行的成本降低。
另外，农协有追踪机制，所以成员做事情都比较认真。
日本从军国主义走向民主主义，建立民主制度，民主制度的核心是建立平均的土地制度，耕者有其田，人均一公顷。
封建的生产关系是导致军国主义的基本温床，田地实行长子继承制。
土地制度改革废除了长子继承制和地主制度，虽然是强制性的，但当时是在美军占领日军的执政期间，所以实施比较容易。
土地制度改革的核心是农地法的制定。
农地法规定，农地是不能随便买卖的，农地权转移是有条件的，一就是你必须是认真做农业的，二转移面积要50公亩以上，三得到的农地必须自己经营，四农业生产法人必须是农民。
日本的良田是绝对不能动的，但日本一些地叫白地是可以转，但是有条件的。
这些田提高生产率的成本比较高，在某种意义上是鼓励转出去，形成规模用地。
与其他国家相似，农转非有着非常严格的限制，例如一条高速公路从农地经过，要受到严格的层层批复。
耕作权相当于我们的承包经营权，首先是优先经营权，即租出去不能随意收回，这在某种意义上限制了农地的流转，但不租出去，自己种可能会影响生产效率，故而制定了农业经营基础促进法，这个促进法在保护所有权的同时，也保护承包经营权。
租出去不能随意收回实际从1975年就开始运行了，只是当时合同期满得不到省长批准，土地用来资助社会。
后来经过不断修改，最后一次修改是2009年，规定50年内都可以租赁。
与中国不同，工商资本进入是受到很大局限的，工商资本买地是被明令禁止的。
古谷周三：主要讲四点。
第一，目前面临的问题。
第二个是农地接班人问题，第三是新务农人员，最后一个是农协的作用。
日本的农业现在陷入了一个极其危险的状态，安倍政权鼓励企业进入，引入竞争机制，让农业成为一个有增长性的产业，撤销农业委员会等，然而，目前除了大米，蔬菜等行业土地已经很集中了，没必要引入企业，故而他的改革是非连续性的，即休克疗法，导致农业产值下降。
农民当中70%都是生产大米的，生产大米的人，65岁以上的占了74%，也就是都是老农民在干农业，而且都是兼业，这些人的农业收入占到10%，90%的收入是靠兼业，有一份工作，再靠种大米挣些钱。
这部分农民如果去世，由于其规模较小，很难会有子孙继承继续种地。
与此同时，近二十年来日本农业收入呈下降趋势，导致年轻人更不愿意进来。
农地中间管理机构，是一个公共机构。
像土地银行，先把地连成片，然后再分发，他的宗旨是大家一起决定土地由谁来种。
村里的人有优先权，村里没人可以放宽到村外的人，只要不满45岁，5年之内会有意外补贴，可以保障基本生活，用5年时间来学习经营，再给你2年的过渡期，总共7年给你足够的时间去种地。
当年农协强大的原因是它有很强的归属意识，农协一般打统一的品牌，现在已经完全面目全非了。
真正的农协一定是做农业，为人民服务。
农协单单搞经济是不够的，但地方也是要一块农协这样的机构来搞活的。
农业政策与地区政策如何平衡，值得以后不断探讨。