英语二自学教程
自考英语二课文（大学英语自学教程上册）.pdf
大学英语自学教程（上）电子版大学英语自学教程(上)01-A. How to be a successful language learner?“Learning a language is easy, even a child can do it!”Most adults who are learning a second language would disagree with this statement. For them, learning a language is a very difficult task. They need hundreds of hours of study and practice, and even this will not guarantee success for every adult language learner.Language learning is different from other kinds of learning. Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields find it difficult to succeed in language learning. Conversely, some people who are successful language learners find it difficult to succeed in other fields.Language teachers often offer advice to language learners: “Read as much as you can in the new language.”“Practice speaking the language every day. ”“Live with people who speak the language.”“Don’t translate-try to think in the new language.”“Learn as a child would learn; play with the language.”But what does a successful language learner do? Language learning research shows that successful language learners are similar in many ways.First of all, successful language learners are independent learners. They do not depend on the book or the teacher; they discover their own way to learn the language. Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves. They are good guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusion s. When they guess wrong, they guess again. They try to learn from their mistakes.Successful language learning is active learning. Therefore, successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language; they look for such a chance. They find people who speak the language and they ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake. They will try anything to communicate. They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say strange things; they are willing to make mistakes and try again. When communication is difficult, they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete. It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word.1大学英语自学教程（上）电子版Finally, successful language learners are learners with a purpose. They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it. It is necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them. They find it easy to practice using the language regularly because they want to learn with it.What kind of language learner are you? If you are a successful language learner, you have probably been learning independently, actively, and purposefully. On the other hand, if your language learning has been less than successful, you might do well to try some of the techniques outlined above.01-B. LanguageWhen we want to tell other people what we think, we can do it not only with the help of words, but also in many other ways. For instance, we sometimes move our heads up and down when we want to say "yes” and we move our head s from side to side when we want to say "no." People who can neither hear nor speak (that is, deaf and dumb people) talk to each other with the help of their fingers. People who do not understand each other's language have to do the same. The following story shows how they sometimes do it.An Englishman who could not speak Italian was once traveling in Italy. One day he entered a restaurant and sat down at a table. When the waiter came, the Englishman opened his mouth, put his fingers in it, took them out again and moved his lips. In this way he meant to say, "Bring me something to eat." The waiter soon brought him a cup of tea. The Englishman shook his head and the waiter understood that he didn't want tea, so he took it away and brought him some coffee. The Englishman, who was very hungry by this time and not at all thirsty, looked very sad. He shook his head each time the waiter brought him something to drink. The waiter brought him wine, then beer, then soda-water, but that wasn’t food, of course. He was just going to leave the restaurant when another traveler came in. When this man saw the waiter, he put his hands on his stomach. That was enough: in a few minutes there was a large plate of macaroni and meat on the table before him.As you see, the primitive language of signs is not always very clear. The language of words is much more exact.2大学英语自学教程（上）电子版Words consist of sounds, but there are many sounds which have a meaning and yet are not words. For example, we may say "Sh-sh-sh” when we mean "keep silent.” When babi es laugh, we know they are happy, and when they cry, we know they are ill or simply want something.It is the same with animals. When a dog says “G-r-r” or a cat says "F-f-f” we know they are angry.But these sounds are not language. Language consists of words which we put together into sentences. But animals can not do this: a dog can say “G-r-r” when he means "I am angry,” but he cannot say first "I” and then "am” and then "angry.” A parrot can talk like a man; it can repeat whole sentences and knows what they mean. We may say that a parrot talks, but cannot say that it really speaks, because it cannot form new sentences out of the words it knows. Only man has the power to do this.02-A. Taxes, Taxes, and More TaxesAmericans often say that there are only two things a person can be sure of in life: death and taxes, Americans do not have a corner on the "death" market, but many people feel that the United States leads the world with the worst taxes.Taxes consist of the money which people pay to support their government. There are generally three levels of government in the United States: federal, state, and city; therefore, there are three types of taxes.Salaried people who earn more than a few thousand dollars must pay a certain percentage of their salaries to the federal government. The percentage varies from person to person. It depends on their salaries. The federal government has a graduated income tax, that is, the percentage of the tax (14 to 70 percent) increases as a person's income increases. With the high cost of taxes, people are not very happy on April 15, when the federal taxes are due.The second tax is for the state government: New York, California, North Dakota, or any of the other forty-seven states. Some states have an income tax similar to that of the federal government. Of course, the percentage for the state tax is lower. Other states have a sales tax, which is a percentage charged to any item which you buy in that state. For example, a person3大学英语自学教程（上）电子版might want to buy a packet of cigarettes for twenty-five cents. If there is a sales tax of eight percent in that state, then the cost of the cigarettes is twenty-seven cents. This figure includes the sales tax. Some states use income tax in addition to sales tax to raise their revenues. The state tax laws are diverse and confusing.The third tax is for the city. This tax comes in two forms: property tax (people who own a home have to pay taxes on it) and excise tax, which is charged on cars in a city. The cities use these funds for education, police and fire departments, public works and municipal buildings.Since Americans pay such high taxes, they often feel that they are working one day each week just to pay their taxes. People always complain about taxes. They often protest that the government uses their tax dollars in the wrong way. They say that it spends too much on useless and impractical programs. Although Americans have different views on many issues, they tend to agree on one subject: taxes are too high.02-B. AdvertisingAdvertising is only part of the total sales effort, but it is the part that attracts the most attention. This is natural enough because advertising is designed for just that purpose. In newspapers, in magazines, in the mail, on radio and television, we constantly see and hear the messages for hundreds of different products and services. For the most part, they are the kinds of things that we can be persuaded to buy – food and drinks, cars and television sets, furniture and clothing, travel and leisure time activities.The simplest kind of advertising is the classified ad. Every day the newspapers carry a few pages of these ads; in the large Sunday editions there may be several sections of them. A classified ad is usually only a few lines long. It is really a notice or announcement that something is available.Newspapers also carry a large amount of display advertising. Most of it is for stores or for various forms of entertainment. Newspapers generally reach an audience only in a limited area. To bring their message to a larger audience, many who want to put out their ads use national magazines. Many of the techniques of modern advertising were developed in magazine ads. The use of bright colors, attractive pictures, and short messages is all characteristic of magazine ads. The most important purpose is to catch the eye. The message itself is usually short, often no4大学英语自学教程（上）电子版more than a slogan which the public identifies with the product.The same techniques have been carried over into television advertising. Voices and music have been added to color and pictures to catch the ear as well as the eye. Television ads are short –usually only 15,30, or 60 seconds, but they are repeated over and over again so that the audience sees and hears them many times. Commercial television has mixed entertainment and advertising. If you want the entertainment, you have to put up with the advertising-and millions of people want the entertainment.The men and women in the sales department are responsible for the company’s advertising, They must decide on the audience they want to reach. They must also decide on the best way to get their message to their particular audience. They also make an estimate of the costs before management approves the plan. In most large companies management is directly involved in planning the advertising.03-A. The Atlantic OceanThe Atlantic Ocean is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New. For centuries it kept the Americas from being discovered by the people of Europe.Many wrong ideas about the Atlantic made early sailors unwilling to sail far out into it. One idea was that it reached out to "the edge of the world." Sailors were afraid that they might sail right off the earth. Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot.The Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific, but it is still very large. It is more than 4,000 miles (6,000 km) wide where Columbus crossed it. Even at its narrowest it is about 2, 000 miles (3,200 km) wide. This narrowest place is between the bulge of south America and the bulge of Africa.Two things make the Atlantic Ocean rather unusual. For so large an ocean it has very few islands. Also, it is the world's saltiest ocean.There is so much water in the Atlantic that it is hard to imagine how much there is. But suppose no more rain fell into it and no more water was brought to it by rivers. It would take the ocean about 4,000 years to dry up. On the average the water is a little more than two miles (3.2 km) deep, but in places it is much deeper. The deepest spot is near Puerto Rico. This "deep"5大学英语自学教程（上）电子版30, 246 feet - almost six miles (9.6 km).One of the longest mountain ranges of the world rises the floor of the Atlantic. This mountain range runs north and south down the middle of the ocean. The tops of a few of the mountains reach up above the sea and make islands. The Azores are the tops of peaks in the mid-Atlantic mountain range.Several hundred miles eastward from Florida there is a part of the ocean called the Sargasso Sea. Here the water is quiet, for there is little wind. In the days of sailing vessels the crew were afraid they would be becalmed here. Sometimes they were.Ocean currents are sometime called "rivers in the sea." One of these "river" in the Atlantic is called the Gulf Stream. It is a current of warm water. Another is the Labrador Current - cold water coming down from the Arctic. Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow.The Atlantic furnishes much food for the people on its shores. One of its most famous fishing regions, the Grand Banks, is near Newfoundland.Today the Atlantic is a great highway. It is not, however, always a smooth and safe one. Storms sweep across it and pile up great waves. Icebergs float down from the Far North across the paths of ships.We now have such fast ways of traveling that this big ocean seems to have grown smaller. Columbus sailed for more than two months to cross it. A fast modern steamship can make the trip in less than four days. Airplanes fly from New York to London in only eight hours and from South America to Africa in four!03-B. The MoonWe find that the moon is about 239,000 miles (384,551km) away from the earth, and, to within a few thousand miles, its distance always remains the same. Yet a very little observation shows that the moon is not standing still. Its distance from the earth remains the same, but its direction continually changes. We find that it is traveling in a circle - or very nearly a circle - round the earth, going completely round once a month, or, more exactly, once every 27 1/3 days. It is our nearest neighbour in space, and like ourselves it is kept tied to the earth by the earth's6大学英语自学教程（上）电子版gravitational pull.Except for the sun, the moon looks the biggest object in the sky. Actually it is one of the smallest, and only looks big because it is so near to us. Its diameter is only 2, 160 miles (3,389 km), or a little more than a quarter of the diameter of the earth.Once a month, or, more exactly, once every 29 1/2 days, at the time we call "full moon," its whole disc looks bright. At other times only part of it appears bright, and we always find that this is the part which faces towards the sun, while the part facing away from the sun appears dark. Artists could make their pictures better if they kept in mind -- only those parts of the moon which are lighted up by the sun are bright. This shows that the moon gives no light of its own. It merely reflects the light of the sun, like a huge mirror hung in the sky.Yet the dark part of the moon’s surface is not absolutely black; generally it is just light enough for us to be able to see its outline, so that we speak of seeing "the old moon in the new moon's arms." The light by which we see the old moon does not come from the sun, but from the earth. we knows well how the surface of the sea or of snow, or even of a wet road, may reflect uncomfortably much of the sun's light on to our faces. In the same way the surface of the whole earth reflects enough of the sun's light on to the face of the moon for us to be able to see the parts of it which would otherwise be dark.If there were any inhabitants of the moon, they would see our earth reflecting the light of the sun, again like a huge mirror hung in the sky. They would speak of earthlight just as we speak of moonlight. "The old moon in the new moon's arms" is nothing but that part of the moon's surface on which it is night, lighted up by earth light. In the same way, the lunar inhabitants would occasionally see part of our earth in full sunlight, and the rest lighted only by moonl ight; they might call this "the old earth in the new earth's arms.”04-A. Improving Your MemoryPsychological research has focused on a number of basic principles that help memory: meaningfulness, organization, association, and visualization. It is useful to know how these principles work.Meaningfulness affects memory at all levels. Information that does not make any sense to7大学英语自学教程（上）电子版you is difficult to remember. There are several ways in which we can make material more meaningful. Many people, for instance, learn a rhyme to help them remember. Do you know the rhyme “Thirty days has September, April, June, and November…? ” It helps many people remember which months of the year have 30 days.Organization also makes a difference in our ability to remember. How useful would a library be if the books were kept in random order? Material that is organized is better remembered than jumbled information. One example of organization is chunking. Chunking consists of grouping separate bits of information. For example, the number 4671363 is more easily remembered if it is chunked as 467,13,63. Categorizing is another means of organization. Suppose you are asked to remember the following list of words: man, bench, dog, desk, woman, horse, child, cat, chair. Many people will group the words into similar categories and remember them as follows: man, woman, child; cat, dog, horse; bench, chair, desk. Needless to say, the second list can be remembered more easily than the first one.Association refers to taking the material we want to remember and relating it to something we remember accurately. In memorizing a number, you might try to associate it with familiar numbers or events. For example, the height of Mount Fuji in Japan - 12, 389 feet - might be remembered using the following associations: 12 is the number of months in the year, and 389 is the number of days in a year(365) added to the number of months twice (24).The last principle is visualization. Research has shown striking improvements in many types of memory tasks when people are asked to visualize the items to be remembered. In one study, subjects in one group were asked to learn some words using imagery, while the second group used repetition to learn the words. Those using imagery remembered 80 to 90 percent of the words, compared with 30 to 40 percent of the words for those who memorized by repetition. Thus forming an integrated image with all the information placed in a single mental picture can help us to preserve a memory.04-B. Short-term MemoryThere are two kinds of memory: shore-term and long-term. Information in long-term memory can be recalled at a later time when it is needed. The information may be kept for days8大学英语自学教程（上）电子版mistakes on words that sound alike; students with a higher proficiency made more of their mistakes on words that have the same meaning. Henning’s results suggest that beginning students hold the sound of words in their short-term memory, while advanced students hold the meaning of words in their short-term memory.05-A. Fallacies about FoodMany primitive peoples believed that by eating an animal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves. They thought, for example, that eating deer would make them run as fast as the deer. Some savage tribes believed that eating enemies that had shown bravery in battle would make them brave. Man-eating may have started because people were eager to become as strong and brave as their enemies.Among civilized people it was once thought that ginger root by some magical power could improve the memory. Eggs were thought to make the voice pretty. Tomatoes also were believed to have magical powers. They were called love apples and were supposed to make people who ate them fall in love.Later another wrong idea about tomatoes grew up - the idea that they were poisonous. How surprised the people who thought tomatoes poisonous would be if they could know that millions of pounds of tomatoes were supplied to soldiers overseas during World War II.Even today there are a great many wrong ideas about food. Some of them are very widespread.One such idea is that fish is the best brain food. Fish is good brain food just as it is good muscle food and skin food and bone food. But no one has been able to prove that fish is any better for the brain than many other kinds of food.Another such idea is that you should not drink water with meals. Washing food down with water as a substitute for chewing is not a good idea, but some water with meals has been found to be helpful. It makes the digestive juices flow more freely and helps to digest the food.10大学英语自学教程（上）电子版Many of the ideas which scientists tell us have no foundation have to do with mixtures of foods. A few years ago the belief became general that orange juice and milk should never be drunk at the same meal. The reason given was that the acid in the orange juice would make the milk curdle and become indigestible. As a matter of fact, milk always meets in the stomach a digestive juice which curdles it; the curdling of the milk is the first step in its digestion. A similar wrong idea is that fish and ice cream when eaten at the same meal form a poisonous combination.Still another wrong idea about mixing foods is that proteins and carbohydrates should never be eaten at the same meal. Many people think of bread, for example, as a carbohydrate food. It is chiefly a carbohydrate food, but it also contains proteins. In the same way, milk, probably the best single food, contains both proteins and carbohydrates. It is just as foolish to say that one should never eat meat and potatoes together as it is to say that one should never eat bread or drink milk.05-B. Do Animals Think?The question has often been asked, Do animals think? I believe that some of them think a great deal. Many of them are like children in their sports. We notice this to be true very often with dogs and cats; but it is true with other animals as well.Some birds are very lively in their sports; and the same is true with some insects. The ants, hardworking as they are, have their times for play. They run races; they wrestle; and sometimes they have mock fights together. Very busy must be their thoughts while engaged in these sports.There are many animals, however, that never play; their thoughts seem to be of the more sober kind. We never see frogs engaged in sport. They all the time appear to be very grave. The same is true of the owl, who always looks as if he were considering some important question.Animals think much while building their houses. The bird searches for what it can use in building its nest, and in doing this it thinks. The beavers think as they build their dams and their houses. They think in getting their materials, and also in arranging them, and in plastering them together with mud. Some spiders build houses which could scarcely have been made except by11大学英语自学教程（上）电子版some thinking creature.As animals think, they learn. Some learn more than others. The parrot learns to talk, though in some other respects it is quite stupid. The mocking bird learns to imitate a great many different sounds. The horse is not long in learning many things connected with the work which he has to do. The shepherd dog does not know as much about most things as some other dogs , and yet he understands very well how to take care of sheep.Though animals think and learn, they do not make any real improvement in their ways of doing things, as men do. Each kind of bird has its own way of building a nest, and it is always the same way. And so of other animals. They have no new fashions, and learn none from each other. But men, as you know, are always finding new ways of building houses, and improved methods of doing almost all kinds of labor.Many of the things that animals know how to do they seem to know either without learning, or in some way which we cannot understand. They are said to do such things by instinct; but no one can tell what instinct is. It is by this instinct that birds build their nests and beavers their dam and huts. If these things were all planned and thought out just as men plan new houses. there would be some changes in the fashions of them, and some improvements.I have spoken of the building instinct of beavers. An English gentleman caught a young one and put him at first in a cage. After a while he let him out in a room where there was a great variety of things. As soon as he was let out he began to exercise his building instinct. He gathered together whatever he could find, brushes, baskets, boots, clothes, sticks, bits of coal, etc., and arranged them as if to build a dam. Now, if he had had his wits about him, he would have known that there was no use in building a dam where there was no water.It is plain that, while animals learn about things by their senses as we do, they do not think nearly as much about what they learn, and this is the reason why they do not improve more rapidly. Even the wisest of them, as the elephant and the dog, do not think very much about what they see and hear. Nor is this all. There are some thing that we understand, but about which animals know nothing. They have no knowledge of anything that happens outside of their own observation. Their minds are so much unlike ours that they do not know the difference between right and wrong.12Comment [zzg6]: No matter how (what, who, when, where ,whether/if)大学英语自学教程（上）电子版young or old, large or small, traditional or modern, every family has a sense of what a family is. It is that feeling of belonging, of love and security that comes from living together, helping and sharing.There are basically two types of families: nuclear families and extended families. The nuclear family usually consists of two parents (mother and father) and their children. The mother and father form the nucleus, or center, of the nuclear family. The children stay in the nuclear family until they grow up and marry. Then form new nuclear families.The extended family is very large. There are often many nuclear families in one extended family. An extended family includes children parents, grandparents, uncles, aunts, and cousins. The members of an extended family are related by blood (grandparent, parents, children, brothers, sisters, etc.) or by marriage (husbands, wives, mothers-in-law, etc). They are all related, so the members of an extended family are called relatives.Traditionally, all the members of an extended family lived in the same area. However, with the change from an agricultural to an industrial society, many nuclear families moved away from the family home in order to find work. In industrial societies today, the members of most nuclear families live together, but most extended families do not live together. Therefore we can say that the nuclear family becomes more important than the extended family as the society industrializes.In post-industrial societies like the United States, even the nuclear family is changing. The nuclear family is becoming smaller as parents want fewer children, and the number of childless families is increasing. Traditionally, the father of a nuclear family earned money for the family while the mother cared for the house and the children. Today more than 50% of the nuclear families in the United States are two-earner families – both the father and the mother earn money for the family – and in a few families the mother earns the money while the father takes care of the house and the children. Many nuclear families are also “splitting up” –more and more parents are getting divorced.What will be the result of this “splitting” of the nuclear family? Social scientists now talk of two new family forms: the single parent family and the remarried family. Almost 20% of all American families are single parent families, and in 85% of these families the single parent is the mother. Most single parents find it very difficult to take care of a family alone, so they soon marry again and form remarried families. As social scientists study these two new family form, they will be able to tell us more about the future of the nuclear family in the post-industrial age.16。
英语二自学教程
英语二自学教程英语二自学教程1.了解考试内容在开始自学之前，首先要了解考试内容。
英语二考试是针对大学英语四级考试升级版，主要考察考生对英语语言应用的能力和自主学习的能力。
考试内容包括听力、阅读、写作和翻译四个部分，考试时间为150分钟。
在自学的过程中要分别对这四个部分进行练习和学习。
2.提高听力能力听力是英语二考试中最重要的一部分，同时也是最难的一部分，需要考生具备较强的听力能力和耐心。
在自学过程中，可以进行以下练习来提高听力能力：（1）多听英语广播、电视节目和新闻，增加听力素材，逐渐适应英语语音和语调。
（2）收听英语课程、讲座和TED演讲，提高听力理解和思考能力。
（3）针对听力考试的题型进行模拟练习，例如听力填空、听力选择、听力排序等。
3.强化阅读能力英语二考试中的阅读部分要求考生读懂并理解长篇英文文章，对于非母语为英语的考生来说，是一项比较困难的任务。
在自学过程中，可以进行以下练习来强化阅读能力：（1）阅读英文短文章，逐渐提高阅读速度和理解能力。
（2）阅读英语报纸、杂志等相关素材，了解英国、美国等国家的文化、社会和政治情况。
（3）多做阅读模拟题和历年真题，熟悉题型和解题技巧。
4.提高写作能力英语二考试中的写作部分主要考察考生的写作能力和表达能力，需要考生具备良好的英语语法和词汇积累。
在自学过程中，可以进行以下练习来提高写作能力：（1）写英文日记、文章、作业等，训练英文表达能力。
（2）背诵各类英语范文和常用词汇短语，提高词汇量和语法结构的运用。
（3）多做写作模拟题和历年真题，熟悉题型和解题技巧。
5.提高翻译能力英语二考试中的翻译部分主要考察考生对中英文文化、语言习惯的翻译能力。
在自学过程中，可以进行以下练习来提高翻译能力：（1）阅读英文、汉语原文，翻译中英句子、段落，提高翻译词汇量和语言表达能力。
（2）记忆和掌握常用的翻译技巧和翻译方法，例如英语中被动语态、复合句和虚拟语气的翻译方法等。
（3）多做翻译模拟题和历年真题，熟悉题型和解题技巧。
(完整版)英语二自学教程00015教案-unit-3
4. To finish relevant exercise.
教学重点
1.Grasp the main idea of Text A/B.
2. Practice some new words and expressions.
14. in essence本质上
The racial problem is in essence a class problem.
Paras.6
15. way（与介词或副词连用，加强程度）very far很远
She finished the race way ahead of the other runners.
1. Role play based on sample dialogue
2. Guided practice
Would you like to ...?
Would you be interested in...?
I was wondering if you would like to...?
It would be nice if you could...?
Step 3:Text Study
Pre-reading questions
1.Do you that loyal friends are available on the Internet?
2.What personal qualities matter most in your choice of friends? And why?
1. Why do many people choose to keep dogs as pets instead of other animals?
张敬源《英语(二)自学教程》学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+全
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这是《张敬源《英语（二）自学教程》学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】》的读书笔 记模板，可以替换为自己的精彩内容摘录。
张敬源《英语（二）自学教程》 学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精
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01 思维导图
03 目录分析 05 读书笔记
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02 内容摘要 04 作者介绍 06 精彩摘录
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学习指南
单元
答案
词汇
教材
学生
翻译
短语
答案
二课文
短语
内容摘要
内容摘要
本书特别适用于参加全国自考的考生。《英语（二）自学教程》（张敬源主编、外语教学与研究出版社）为 全国高等教育自学考试指定教材，是参加本考试的必学教材。但由于该教材信息量大，知识面宽，具有一定的广 度和深度，这给学生在学习该教材的过程中带来一定的困难。为了帮助学生更好地学习本书，我们有针对性地编 著了配套学习指南。本书是针对《英语（二）自学教程》的配套辅导用书，按照原教材的课次进行编写，涉及词 汇短语、课文精解、全文翻译以及练习答案等内容。词汇短语中精选每单元的重难点词汇，每个词后除了释义， 还给出了相应的例句，及一些常用的搭配、词组、助记方法等。全文翻译在参阅了大量与教材相关用书的基础上 总结编写而成。课文精解从文中选出重点句子及难以理解的句子加以讲解，其中包括对句子结构分析、相关知识 点讲解和延伸。练习答案提供每单元习题的参考答案。本书旨在帮助学生更好、更高效地学习和掌握教材中的重 点及难点知识，具有很强的针对性和实用性。在编写过程中，该书力求突出重点，答疑难点，语言言简意赅，讲 解深入浅出，希望它能得到广大学生的喜爱和认可。
英语(二)自学教程Self-Asssessment 2
语法 Federal Student Aid: 联邦学生援助办公室
beyond: 1)在…的另一边
beyond: 2)超出，超过（某个点或阶段） Their relationship was beyond breaking point…他们五年的关系已经紧张到无法维系。
beyond: 3)无法（理解、相信等） ～ comprehension/belief/recognition
fancy: 1) vt. 想要，想做 fancy a drink 想喝点东西 fancy seeing a movie 想看电影
fancy: 2) n. (一时的)喜好
语法 Strike: 1)vt.突然想到/猛地意识到If an idea or thought strikes you
It suddenly comes into your mind Strike: 2)vt.给…印象;让…觉得 If something strikes you as being particular thing, it gives you the impression of being that thing.
and their families on the exact procedure to obtain student
loan.
程序
translation:联邦学生资助办公室积极告知学生和他们的父母亲学 生贷款的准确步骤。
语法 Submit: 提交
prohibitively: （费用）高得令很多人负担不起的，贵得让人望而
amid: 在…之中/中间
Something told her she was going to died of this disease. translation: 她的病情表明她将因此而死去。 Schedule: 1) n. 工作计划;日程安排 2) vt. (在时间上)安排，计划 ………………, fear riding on her shoulders.
00015自考英语(二)教程课后试题答案
大学英语自学考试教程下册0015自考英语二课后习题答案 unit1Unit 1(英语二)Text AExercises for the TextI.1.d 2.c 3.c 4.a 5.dII.1.alternative 2.fundamental 3.accompany4.implement5.preccedent6.attain7.objectives 8.vary 9.multiple10.isolateIII.1.c 2.d 3.i 4.j 5.g 6.e 7.h 8.a 9.f 10.bIV.our ; helped ; form ; front; to; passed; it; same;V.1.Decision makers should be able to make the best guess at the future.2.Some people think that everything managers do involves decision making.(or Some people think that everything managers do has something to do with decision making.)3.If there are no correct alternatives ,there are no correct decisions to be made.4.Since different people have different ideas about the same problem ,so the approaches to it vary from person to person.5.Decision makers usually hold the key to the business development of the company.Vocabulary ExercisesI.1.a.be organized anizational anization2.a.simple b.simplified c.simply d.simplification3.a.profit b.profitable c.profitability4.a.intention b.intended c.unintendedII.1.preccdent2.skilled3.achievement4.implement5.optimal6.goal7.accomplish 8.accompanies 9.tendency10.ongoingIII.1.His friend accompanied him to a concert.2.He has argued her out of her decision.3.he owed his success in part to luck.4.According to his suggestion ,the formalities have been much simplified.5.The broadcasting station predicts that it will turn cold tomorrow.6.Motion is defined as a change in position or place.Text BExercises for the TextI.1.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.F 6.F 7.F 8.F 9.F 10.TII.1.preparation; confidence2.idea3.unattractive indifference4.hardworking; personality; interest5.speechless6.holidays; pay7.clean; neat; conservative8.the floor beside your chair9.politely; naturally10."I beg your pardon?" or "Could you please repeat it?" etc.Vocabulary ExercisesI.1.at a disadvantage2.conservative3.indifference4.make sure5.vague6.clutched7.turned down 8.to your advantage 9.neat10.prospects 11.take the trouble to 12.place Grammar ExercisesI.1.连词；让步状语从句。
00015 英语二自学教程 unit1
Text A Critical Reading
Consider the context of what is written. You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than yours. Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours. In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.
识别作者可能带有的偏见。有关美国政治的书面论述可能因作者是共和党 人或是民主党人迥然而异。写出来的文章可能会很好地反映出作者的偏见态 度和立场。你需要在阅读作者的文章的过程中考虑到其可能带有的偏见。这 也就是说，要有持保留态度看待作者所写的文章。
Text B The age of Confidence
The language we use programs our brains. Mastering our language gives us a great degree of mastery over our lives and our destinies. It is important to use the language in the best way possible in order to dramatically improve our quality of life.
英语(二)自学教程Unit-8-Text-A-life-Without-LimitsPPT课件
The gift shop can wrap gift for buyers free of charge.
【 学习策略---比较法】
Sth such as a box or bottle 容器
pack: pack sth means “to put it into containers or parcels 打
are doing is good and telling them they should continue to do
it 鼓励；激励Байду номын сангаас
prompt: make sb decide to do sth 促使；驱使 鼓励年轻人创业 encourage young people to start business 鼓励他加入我们团队 Inspire him to join our team
【 学习策略---近义词法】
motivate 激发 motive 动机
【 学习策略---形近词法】
aspire 渴望 conspire 阴谋 perspire 出汗
Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine perspiration.
adapt: 【 用法】 1）～ (oneself) to …. 适应 2）改编
反对在公共场所吸烟的运动 campaign against public smoking
民权运动 civil rights campaign/movement 领导/发起打击淫秽/假冒伪劣产品运动 lead/launch a campaign against pornography/fake/counterfeit and inferior products campaign: 2) vi 发起运动，开展活动 carry out planned activities over a period of time in order to achieve aim 他们正在宣传打击网络犯罪/政治改革 They are campaigning against cyber crime/for political reform.
英语二自学教程00015教案-unit-3
Paras. 2
4. lead to导致，造成（后果）
An ordinary cold can soon lead to a fever.
5. trendy时尚的，时髦的
He writes for some trendy magazine for the under-30s.
12. make a deposit in a bank account往银行账户存款
make withdrawals from a bank account
13. more often than not通常；多半
1. Role y based on sample dialogue
2. Guided practice
Would you like to ...?
Would you be interested in...?
I was wondering if you would like to...?
It would be nice if you could...?
The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
2. stick by坚持忠于；不离不弃（某人）
They vow to stick by one another no mater what happens.
3. through thick and thin不畏艰难险阻
课外作业
1. Summary; 2. Exercise in the textbook
课后体会
如何提高学生的词汇量？
英语二自学教程答案【版课后习题答案】之欧阳理创编
Unit l The Power of Language参考译文对话范例请朗读下面的对话，注意说话者提出建议的方式。
史蒂夫：嗨，珍妮，想不想这周末一起做点什么？珍妮：当然了。
做什么呢？史蒂夫：不知道。
你有什么想法吗？珍妮：看电影怎么样？史蒂夫：好主意。
看什么电影呢？珍妮：那就看《机动部队4》吧。
史蒂夫：我不想看那部电影，我不喜欢看充满暴力的影片。
《疯狂的布朗医生》怎么样？听说很有趣。
珍妮：好的。
就看这部吧！几点开始？史蒂夫：8点在瑞克斯影院。
看电影之前我们吃点东西怎么样？珍妮：当然了，好主意。
去新开的意大利餐馆梅开缇吧。
史蒂夫：太好了1 6点钟在那不见不散。
珍妮：好的。
6点钟梅开缇见。
再见。
史蒂夫：再见。
指导实践要求：给你的朋友提一些建议，告诉他们什么地方适合度假。
利用你自己的信息，也可以运用下面的提示。
你想去……吗？我们去……好吗？我们去……吧。
我们为什么不去……呀？去……怎么样？好主意。
谢谢你，给了我那么多好的建议。
TextA读前问题：1．通常情况下，你是否会反对作者提出的观点？你认为什么是积极阅读？2．你希望作者就批判性阅读提出什么样的建议呢？批判性阅读批判性阅读适用于非小说类文学写作，作者要么提出观点，要么陈述事实。
批判性阅读就是积极阅读，不仅仅要解决作者所说的话，还要对其提出质疑，进行评价，进而形成自己的独特的观点。
要想成为批判性读者，就要做到以下几点：考虑写作的语境。
你所阅读的文章，其作者的文化背景也许与你截然不同，抑或文章是以前写的，与你所处的时代也完全不同。
无论哪种情况，你都必须意识到你的价值观和态度与作者所述的价值观和态度是不同的，要充分考虑这些差异。
质疑作者提出的观点。
不要按照字面意思来理解文章的内容，在此之前，一定要搞清楚作者是否提供了足够的证据，证明他的观点是正确的。
查找事实、例证和统计数据，还要看看作者是否结合了各学术权威的著作。
对比该文章与相关话题的其他文章。
看一下文章是否与别人写的相关话题的文章一致，如果有不一致之处，就要仔细评价作者所提供的证据。
英语二自考教程教案 (unit 2-speaking -
3. If you often give compliments 给予赞美to other people, you will succeed easily 很容易成功
• How to give compliments 给予赞美to • other people ?
• Let’s read the dialogue .
六.Phrases 短语and sentences 句子
1.A1b. solutely绝对地 love what you are wearing today .
4) Get the students to listen to the tape
三. Important points :
1.New words ,concept phrases and important sentences .
2. Get the students to make up their own dialogues using the concept phrases ，new words and important sentences .
3. Get the students to listen to the tape.
四. Difficulties :
Get the students to make up their own dialogues using the concept phrases ，new words and important sentences .
4. I might 可以go and find me my own pair of Chucks 为我自己找一双帆 布鞋.
英语二自学教程笔记
英语二自学教程笔记Self-Study Notes for English Language Learning.Embarking on the journey of self-studying English can be both exciting and challenging. With the right resources and strategies, however, the process can be smooth and rewarding. These notes aim to provide a comprehensive guide for those looking to enhance their English language skills through independent study.1. Understanding the Basics.Before delving into more advanced topics, it's crucial to master the fundamentals of English. This includes:Alphabet and Pronunciation: Familiarize yourself with the English alphabet and learn how to pronounce each letter correctly. This will lay the foundation for speaking and understanding spoken English.Vocabulary: Building a rich vocabulary is essentialfor effective communication. Start by learning common words and phrases, and gradually expand your vocabulary through reading and listening to native speakers.Grammar: Understanding the rules of English grammar is key to writing and speaking correctly. Master the basics of sentence structure, parts of speech, and punctuation.2. Improving Listening Skills.Listening is a crucial skill in language learning. Here are some tips to improve your listening abilities:Watch English Movies and TV Shows: This is a great way to immerse yourself in the language and improve your understanding of spoken English. Start with subtitles if necessary, and gradually try to understand the dialogue without them.Listen to English Music:除了看电影和电视节目，听英语音乐也是提高听力技能的好方法。
英语二自学教程教辅资料
Unit l The Power of Language参考译文对话例请朗读下面的对话，注意说话者提出建议的方式。
史蒂夫：嗨，珍妮，想不想这周末一起做点什么？珍妮：当然了。
做什么呢？史蒂夫：不知道。
你有什么想法吗？珍妮：看电影怎么样？史蒂夫：好主意。
看什么电影呢？珍妮：那就看?机动部队4?吧。
史蒂夫：我不想看那部电影，我不喜欢看充满暴力的影片。
?疯狂的布朗医生?怎么样？听说很有趣。
珍妮：好的。
就看这部吧！几点开场？史蒂夫：8点在瑞克斯影院。
看电影之前我们吃点东西怎么样？珍妮：当然了，好主意。
去新开的意大利餐馆梅开缇吧。
史蒂夫：太好了1 6点钟在那不见不散。
珍妮：好的。
6点钟梅开缇见。
再见。
史蒂夫：再见。
指导实践要求：给你的朋友提一些建议，告诉他们什么地方适合度假。
利用你自己的信息，也可以运用下面的提示。
你想去……吗？我们去……好吗？我们去……吧。
我们为什么不去……呀？去……怎么样？好主意。
你，给了我那么多好的建议。
TextA读前问题：1．通常情况下，你是否会反对作者提出的观点？你认为什么是积极阅读？2．你希望作者就批判性阅读提出什么样的建议呢？批判性阅读批判性阅读适用于非小说类文学写作，作者要么提出观点，要么述事实。
批判性阅读就是积极阅读，不仅仅要解决作者所说的话，还要对其提出质疑，进展评价，进而形成自己的独特的观点。
要想成为批判性读者，就要做到以下几点：考虑写作的语境。
你所阅读的文章，其作者的文化背景也许与你截然不同，抑或文章是以前写的，与你所处的时代也完全不同。
无论哪种情况，你都必须意识到你的价值观和态度与作者所述的价值观和态度是不同的，要充分考虑这些差异。
质疑作者提出的观点。
不要按照字面意思来理解文章的容，在此之前，一定要搞清楚作者是否提供了足够的证据，证明他的观点是正确的。
查找事实、例证和统计数据，还要看看作者是否结合了各学术权威的著作。
比照该文章与相关话题的其他文章。
看一下文章是否与别人写的相关话题的文章一致，如果有不一致之处，就要仔细评价作者所提供的证据。
英语二自学教程00015教案-unit-2
山东英才学院《英语(二)自学教程》教案授课主要内容Unit 2 Mistakes to success 重点词语Text A1. 1.spill v. 溢出，流出example：Don't spill the soup.别把汤洒了。
2.respond [rɪ’spɒnd] vi. 回答；作出反应；承担责任responsible负责的，可靠的；有责任的responsibility n. 责任，职责；义务example ：He responded to our suggestion with a smile .他对我们的建议一笑置之。
3. interview ['ɪntəvjuː] v. 接见，采访；interviewee n.被接见者；被访问者interviewer n.会见者；访问者example：The televised interview was distilled from 20 hours of film.这段电视采访是从20小时的胶片中精选的。
4. creative [kri:’eɪtɪv] adj. 创造性的create vt. 创造，创作creatively adv. 创造性地；creativity n. 创造力；创造性creature 动物，生物example：Creative work appealed to him irresistibly.搞创造对他有无法抗拒的吸引力。
5. occur [ə‘kɜ:] vi. 发生；出现；存在近义词: happenexample：I don't want such a thing to occur again.我不希望再发生这样的事情。
6. remove [rɪ‘muːv] v. 移开，迁移removed adj.远离的；隔了...代的removable adj.可移动的；可去掉的；可免职的remover n.去除剂；搬运工；搬家公司example：Will you please remove your handbag from the seat?您把您的手提包从座位上拿开好吗?7.slippery [‘slɪp(ə)rɪ] adj. 滑的；不稳定的example：The road is slippery after rain.雨后路滑8. content [‘kɔntent]n. 内容，所含之物；同根词：contented adj.满足的；心安的contentedly adv.满足地；安心地Contentment n.满足；满意example：The article is good in content, only it's a bit wordy.这篇文章内容不错，只是文字略嫌罗唆。
英语(二)自学教程TextA
(2)Or, you may be reading something written
some time ago in a different time context 不同 的时间背景than yours.
(3) In either case 无论哪种情况, you must recognize 承认and take into account 考虑 any differences between your values价值观 and attitudes态度 and those represented 代表 by the author作者.
Critical reading is active reading积极性阅读. It involves包括 more than just（不只是，不仅仅是）
understanding what an author is saying. Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating包括质疑和评价
短语,main idea of each paragraph in the text and then be a critical reader批判性阅读者
1.critical reading 批判性阅读 2. active reading 积极性阅读 3. critical reader 批判性阅读者
五：Teaching steps : 1 . Revision : check the homework
Reading阅读
2 . Subject ：
1)Warming up a. Reading阅读 b. How to improve 提高our reading ? c. learn to find out the key words ,concept phrases概念
英语二自学教程 (unit 1-speaking -
四. Difficulties :
Get the students to make up their own dialogues using the concept phrases ，new words and important sentences .
4. Violent film 暴力电影 5. Mad Doctor Brown 疯狂的布朗博士 6. Quite a funny film 相当有趣的电影
Quite a smart student相当聪明的学生
7. When is it on 上映? 8. That new Italian restaurant Michetti’s . 意大利餐厅米切蒂的餐厅 9. At Michetti’s (restaurant) 在米切蒂的餐厅
3) Make up their own dialogues
4) Get the students to listen to the tape
三. Important points :
1.New words ,concept phrases and important sentences .
2. Get the students to make up their own dialogues using the concept phrases ，new words and important sentences .
六. 表示建议的几种方式 1.Would you like to do --? 2. Shall we do ---? 3. Let’s do --4. Why don’t we /you do ---? 5.How / What about doing ?
英语(二)自学教程Unit 1-Text A 课文翻译详细解析
Pre-reading Questions阅读前问题1. Do you usually challenge the idea an author represents?一。
你通常会质疑作者所代表的观点吗？What do you think is active reading你认为什么是主动阅读2. What suggestions do you expect the author will give on reading critically?2。
你希望作者对批判性阅读有什么建议？Critical Reading批判性阅读Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement.批判性阅读适用于作者提出立场或试图发表声明的非小说写作。
Critical reading is active reading.批判性阅读是主动阅读。
It involves more than just inderstanding what an author is saying.它涉及的不仅仅是理解一个作者在说什么。
Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying.批判性阅读包括质疑和评价作者所说的话，并形成自己对作者所说的话的看法。
Hereare the things you should do to be a critical reader作为一个批判性的读者，你应该做以下几件事Consider the context of what is written.考虑一下所写内容的上下文。
英语二自学教程答案版课后习题答案
Unit l The Power of Language参考译文对话范例请朗读下面的对话，注意说话者提出建议的方式。
史蒂夫：嗨，珍妮，想不想这周末一起做点什么？珍妮：当然了。
做什么呢？史蒂夫：不知道。
你有什么想法吗？珍妮：看电影怎么样？史蒂夫：好主意。
看什么电影呢？珍妮：那就看《机动部队4》吧。
史蒂夫：我不想看那部电影，我不喜欢看充满暴力的影片。
《疯狂的布朗医生》怎么样？听说很有趣。
珍妮：好的。
就看这部吧！几点开始？史蒂夫：8点在瑞克斯影院。
看电影之前我们吃点东西怎么样？珍妮：当然了，好主意。
去新开的意大利餐馆梅开缇吧。
史蒂夫：太好了1 6点钟在那不见不散。
珍妮：好的。
6点钟梅开缇见。
再见。
史蒂夫：再见。
指导实践要求：给你的朋友提一些建议，告诉他们什么地方适合度假。
利用你自己的信息，也可以运用下面的提示。
你想去……吗？我们去……好吗？我们去……吧。
我们为什么不去……呀？去……怎么样？好主意。
谢谢你，给了我那么多好的建议。
TextA读前问题：1．通常情况下，你是否会反对作者提出的观点？你认为什么是积极阅读？2．你希望作者就批判性阅读提出什么样的建议呢？批判性阅读批判性阅读适用于非小说类文学写作，作者要么提出观点，要么陈述事实。
批判性阅读就是积极阅读，不仅仅要解决作者所说的话，还要对其提出质疑，进行评价，进而形成自己的独特的观点。
要想成为批判性读者，就要做到以下几点：考虑写作的语境。
你所阅读的文章，其作者的文化背景也许与你截然不同，抑或文章是以前写的，与你所处的时代也完全不同。
无论哪种情况，你都必须意识到你的价值观和态度与作者所述的价值观和态度是不同的，要充分考虑这些差异。
质疑作者提出的观点。
不要按照字面意思来理解文章的内容，在此之前，一定要搞清楚作者是否提供了足够的证据，证明他的观点是正确的。
查找事实、例证和统计数据，还要看看作者是否结合了各学术权威的著作。
对比该文章与相关话题的其他文章。
看一下文章是否与别人写的相关话题的文章一致，如果有不一致之处，就要仔细评价作者所提供的证据。
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ContentsUnit 1 The Power of Language (2)Text A Critical Reading (2)Text B The Language of Confidence (3)Unit 2 Mistakes to Success (4)Text A Split Milk (4)Text B The Cake (5)Unit 3 Friendship and Loyalty (6)Text A Reflections: Friendship and Loyalty (6)Text B A Tribute to the Dog (7)Unit 4 The Joy of Work (8)Text A Works Is a Blessing (8)Text B How to Start Your Own Business (9)Unit 5 Keep your Dreams Alive (10)Text A Life Is Difficult (10)Text B Begin Again (11)Unit 6 The Value of Money (12)Text A Teaching Children to Spend Pocket Money Wisely (13)Text B The Importance of Money in Life (13)Unit 7 Inner Voice (15)Text A Your Inner Voice (15)Text B Make a Good First Impression (16)Unit 8 The Great Minds (17)Text A Life without Limits (17)Text B An Unwanted Baby, Steve Jobs (18)Unit 9 Facing Life’s Challenges (20)Text A: 300 Hurdles (20)Text B A Violin with Three Strings (21)Unit 10 Ode to Public Transportation (22)Text A: The Importance of Public Transportation (22)Text B: Personal Advantages of Taking Public Transportation (24)Unit 11 Cyber World (25)Text A Cyber Love (25)Text B The Impact of the Internet on Society (27)Unit 12 A Break from Life (28)Text A Feeling Free (28)Text B Self-esteem and Body Image (29)Unit 1 The Power of LanguageA Famous QuoteLanguage is the dress of thought.------Samuel JohnsonSamuel Johnson (1709-1784), British man of letters, one of the most outstanding figures of the 18th century in England. He made lasting contributions to English literature as a poet, essayist, moralist, literary critic, biographer, editor and lexicog rapher. Johnson has been described as “arguably the most distinguished man of letters in English history.”Text A Critical ReadingPre-reading Questions1. Do you usually challenge the idea an author represents? What do you think is active reading?2. What suggestions do you expect the author will give on reading critically?Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement. Critical reading is active reading. It involves more than just understanding what an author is saying. Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.Consider the context of what is written. You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than yours. Or, you may be reading something written sometime ago in a different time context than yours. In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.Question assertions made by the author. Don’t accept what is written at face value. Before accepting what is written, by certain that the author provides sufficient support for any assertions made. Look for facts, examples, and statistics that provide support. Also, look to see if the author has integrated the work of authorities.Compare what is written with other written work on the subject. Look to see that what is written is consistent with that others have written about the subject. If there are inconsistencies, carefully evaluate the support the author provides for the inconsistencies.Analyze assumptions made by the author.Assumptions are whatever the author must believe is true in order to make assertions. In many cases, the author’s assumptions are not directly stated. This means you must read carefully in order to identify any assumptions. Once you identify an assumption, you must decide whether or not the assumption is valid.Evaluate the sources the author uses. In doing this, by certain that the sources are credible. For example, Einstein is a credible source if the author is writing about landmark achievements in physics. Also be certain that the sources are relevant. Einstein is not a relevant source when the subject is poetry. Finally, if the author is writing about a subject in its current state, be sure that the sources are current. For example, studies done by Einstein in the early 20th century may not be appropriate if the writer is discussing the current state of knowledge in physics.Identify any possible author bias. A written discussion of American politics will likely look considerably different depending on whether the writer is a Democrat or a Republican. What is written may very well reflect a biased position. You need to take this possible bias into account when reading what the author has written. That is, take what is written with “a grain of salt.”By being a critical reader, you will become better informed and may change your views as appropriate.Text B The Language of ConfidencePre-reading Questions1. Are there any words that make you feel confident or diffident?2. Do you believe that language can influence people’s thought? Give some example.The language we use programs our brain. Mastering our language give us a great degree of mastery over our lives and our destinies. It is important to use the language in the best way possible in order to dramatically improve our quality of life.Even the smallest of words can have the deepest effect on our subconscious mind, which is like a child, and it doesn’t really understand the difference between what really happens and what you imagine. It is eager to please and willing to carry out any commands that you give it--- whether you do this knowingly or not is entirely up to you.“Try”It is a small word yet it has an amazing impact upon us. If someone says, “I’ll try to do that” you know that they are not going to be putting their whole heart into it, and may not even do it at all. How often do you use the word try when talking about the things that matter to you? Do say “I’ll try to be more confident” or “I’ll try to do that” or “I’ll try to call”?Think about something that you would like to achieve, and say it to yourself in two different ways. Firstly say, “I’ll try to …” and notice how you feel. Next say, “I will do …” and see how you feel.The latter makes you feel better than the first one, doesn’t it? It gives you a sense of determination, a feeling that it will be done. Listen to the people around you and when they say they will try to notice if it gets done or not. Eliminate the word try from your dictionary and see how your life improves.“Can’t”This is another small word with a big impact. It disempowers us, makes us feel weak and helpless, and damages our self-esteem. It limits our infinite abilities and stifles creativity. Rub it out from your internal dictionary and replace it with something that makes you feel great.Instead of saying you can’t, why not say something like “I choose …” or “I choose not to …”Using words like this allows you to take back your power and to be in control of your life.Words may appear small and insignificant, yet they have a deep and lasting effect on us. Mastering your language gives you the power to live whatever life you desire.What words do you use a lot that disempower you? Make a list of words you commonly use and then write next to them some alternatives you can use. Make these alternatives words that make youfeel fabulous, not only about yourself, but about life and what you are doing!Unit 2 Mistakes to SuccessA Famous QuoteSuccess is going from failure to failure without losing your enthusiasm.---- Winston ChurchillWinston Churchill（1874-1965）, British Conservative politician and statesman known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during the Second World War. Widely regarded as one of the greatest wartime leaders of the century, he served as Prime Minister twice. He is the only British Prime Minister to have received the Nobel Prize in Literature.Text A Split MilkPre-reading Questions:1. Did you make any mistakes on your way to success? Give some example.2. Do you believe that making mistakes is a necessary ingredient for success? Explain.Have heard of the story about spilt milk? Well, we all know there is no use crying over spilt milk. But this story is different. I would hope all parents would respond in this manner.I recently heard a story about a famous research scientist who had made several very important medical breakthroughs. He was interviewed by a newspaper reporter who asked him why he was so much more creative than the average person; what set him so far apart from others?He responded that, in his opinion, it all came from an experience with his mother that occurred when he was about two years old. He had been trying to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he lost his grip on the slippery bottle and it fell, spilling its contents all over the kitchen floor – a veritable sea of milk!When his mother came into the kitchen, instead of yelling at him, giving him a lecture, or punishing him, she said, “Robert, what a great and wonderful mess you have made! I have rarely seen such a huge puddle of milk. Well, the damage has already been done. Would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up?”Indeed, he did. After a few minutes, his mother said, “You know, Robert, whenever you make a mess like this, eventually you have to clean it up and restore everything to its proper order. So, how would you like to do that? We could use a sponge, a towel, or a mop. Which do you prefer?” He chose the sponge and together they cleaned up the spilt milk.His mother then said, “You know, wha t we have here is a failed experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let’s go out in the back yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can discover a way to carry it without dropping it.” The little boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it. What a wonderful lesson!The renowned scientist remarked that it was at that moment that he knew he didn’t need to be afraid to make mistakes. Instead, he learned that mistakes were just opportunities for learning something new, which is, after all, what scientific experiments are all about. Even if the experiment “doesn’t work”, we usually learn something valuable from it.Wouldn’t it be great if all parents would respond the way Robert’s mother responded to him?Text B The CakePre-reading Questions:1. Have you ever been wrongly blamed by your parents? How did you feel at that moment?2. What suggestions would you give to the parents who are blinded t o their children’s merits?Cindy glanced nervously at the clock on the kitchen wall. Five minutes before midnight.“They should be home any time now,” she thought as she put the finishing touches on the chocolate cake she was frosting. It was the first time in her 12 years she had tried to make a cake from scratch, and to be honest, it wasn’t exactly and aesthetic triumph. The cake was … well, lumpy. And the frosting was bitter, as if she had run out of sugar or something, which, of course, she had.And then there was the way the kitchen looked. Imagine the huge blender fill with all the fixings for chocolate cake --- including the requisite bowls, pans and utensils. Now imagine that the blender is turned on, high speed, with the lid off. Do you get the idea?But Cindy wasn’t thinking about the mess. She has created something, a veritable phoenix of flour and sugar rising out of the kitchen clutter. She was anxious for her parents to return home from their date so she could present he anniversary gift to them. She turned off the kitchen lights and waited excitedly in the darkness. When at last she saw the flash of the car headlights, she positioned herself in the kitchen doorway. By the time she heard the key sliding into the front door, she was THIS CLOSE to exploding.Her parents tried to slip in quietly, but Cindy would have none of that. She flipped on the lights dramatically and trumpeted: “Ta-daaa!!” She gestured grandly toward the kitchen table, where slightly off-balance two-layer chocolate cake awaited their inspection.But her mother’s eye never mad it all the way to the table. “Just look at this mess!” she moaned. “How many times have I talked to you about cleaning up after yourself?”“But Mom, I was only …”“I should make you clean this up right now, but I’m too tired to stay up with you to make sure you get it done right,”her mother said. “So you’ll do it first thing in the morning.”“Honey,” Cindy’s father interjected gently, “take a look at the table.”“I know- it’s a mess,” his wife said co ldly. “The whole kitchen is a disaster. I can’t stand to look at it.” She stormed up the stairs and into her room, slamming the door shut behind her.For a few moments Cindy and her father stood silently, neither one knowing what to say. At last she looked up a t him, her eyes moist and red. “She never saw the cake,” she said.Unfortunately, Cindy’s mother isn’t the only parent who suffers from Situational Timbercular Glaucoma – the occasional inability to see the forest for the trees. From time to time we all allow ourselves to be blinded to issues of long-term significance by stuff that seems awfully important right now, but isn’t.Muddy shoes, lost lunch money and messy kitchens are troublesome, and they deserve their place among life’s frustrations. But what’s a little mud –even on new carpet –compared to a child’s self-esteem? Is a lost dollar more valuable than a youngster/s emerging dignity? And while kitchen sanitation is important, is it worth the sacrifice of tender feelings and relationships?I’m not saying that our children don’t need to learn responsibility, or to occasionally suffer the painful consequence of their own bad choices. Those lessons are vital, and need to be carefully taught. But as parents, we must never forget that we’re not just teac hing lessons –we’re teaching children. That means there are times when really need to see the mess in the kitchen, and times when we only need to see the cake.Unit 3 Friendship and LoyaltyA Famous QuoteBetraying a trust is a very quick and painful way to terminate a friendship.- Ralph Waldo EmersonRalph Waldo Emerson(1803-1882), American essayist, lecture and poet, who led the Transcendentalist Movement of the mid-19th century.Text A Reflections: Friendship and LoyaltyPre-reading Questions1. Do you believe that loyal friends are available on the Internet?2. What personal qualities matter most in your choice of friends? And why?How many of us recognize true loyalty in a friend? Loyalty consists of a friend, who will stick by you, through thick and thin. A friend who is always honest with you and never betrays the friendship with lies is a loyal friend. If you have a loyal friend, you have indeed found a true virtue in that friend.The current trend on the Internet is befriending anyone who requests to be your friend. However, this new trend may lead to disasters. It may be popular and trendy to have a network fill with a multitude of mutual friends. However, one true loyal friend may be the only friend you need.A term used on the popular Facebook site is B.F.F. This acronym means best friend forever. Are they really your best friends forever? You might ask yourself this question, “Will they share my private matters with others?” If the answer to that is, “I don’t know”, more than likely, they will not be your best friends forever. Maybe not, even for a day.I choose to have a B.L.F., a best loyal friend, for those of you who may be challenged by the use of acronyms during this age of technology and fast-talking.Loyalty found in a friend is akin to making a deposit in a bank account. More often than not, yourdeposits gain interest, and interest in your well-being and welfare. A loyal friend attracts another loyal friend. In essence, water does seek its own level.If you were a B.L.F way before Facebook gai ned notoriety, then I’m sure you understand the premise of loyalty in a friend. You should never exploit your B.L.F. to gain more friends or make yourself seem more important to others. These are not the traits of a best loyal friend.A best loyal friend does not care who is invited to your party. They will attend your party and celebrate you, just in the way a best loyal friend should do.Reconnecting with a best loyal friend is easier to do on the pages of Facebook. However, a virtual friend does not assu re you of his loyalty. My caution to you is that you’d better pay attention to the smiling faces on the Facebook pages. In the eighties we were warned of smiling faces in a song, which contained these lyrics, “A smile is just a frown turned upside down, my friend.” Now, that is the undisputed truth for my generation.Text B A Tribute to the DogPre-reading questions:1. Why do many people choose to keep dogs as pets instead of other animals?2. Why do you think a growing number of Chinese, especially the elderly, prefer to keep pets?The best friend a man has in this world may turn against him and become his enemy. His son of daughter whom he has reared with loving care may prove ungrateful. Those who are nearest and dearest to us, those whom we trust with our happiness and our good name, may become traitors to their faith.The money that a man has he may lose. It flies away from him, perhaps when he needs it most.A man’s reputation may be sacrificed in a moment of ill-considered action. The people who are prone to fall on their knees to do us honor when success is with us may be the first to throw the stone of malice when failure settles its cloud upon our heads. The one absolute, unselfish friend a man may have in this selfish world, the one that never deserts him, the one that never proves ungrateful or treacherous, is his dog.A man’s dog stands by him in prosperity and in poverty, in health and in sickness. He will sleep on the cold ground when the wintry winds blow and the snow drives fiercely, if only he can be near his master’s side. He will kiss the hand that has no food to offer. He will lick the sores and wounds that come in the encounter with the roughness of the world. He guards the sleep of his pauper master as if the were a prince.When all other friends desert, he remains. When riches take wings and reputation falls to pieces, he is as constant in his love as the sun in its journey through the heavens. If fortune drives the master forth, an outcast in the world, friendless and homeless, the faithful dog asks no higher privilege than that of accompanying him to guard him against danger, to fight against his enemies. And when the last scene of all comes and death takes its master in its embrace and the body is laid away the cold ground, no matter if all other friends pursue their way, there, by his graveside will the noble dog be found, his head between his paws, his eyes sad but open in alert watchfulness faithful and true even to death.Unit 4 The Joy of WorkA Famous Quote:Labour is often the father of pleasure.- Francios – Marie Arouet (Voltaire)Francios – Marie Arouet (Voltaire)(1694-1778), French poet, dramatist, historian, and philosopher. He was and outspoken and aggressive enemy of every injustice, especially of religious intolerance. His works are an outstanding embodiment of the principles of the French Enlightenment.Text A Works Is a BlessingPre-reading Questions1. Do you often help your parents with the household chores? What do you usually do to help them?2. Have you had any experience of doing part-time jobs to help support yourself and your family? What didyou think about it?I grew up in Lakeland, LA, one of 12 children. We all lived on my parents’ subsistence farm. We grew cotton, sugar cane, corn, hogs, and chickens and had a large gard en, but it didn’t bring in much cash. So when I was 12, I got a part-time job on a dairy farm down the road, helping to milk cows. We milked 65 cows at 5 in the morning and again at 2 in the afternoon, seven days a week.In the kitchen on Saturday before daylight, I remember complaining to my father and grandfather about having to go milk those cows. My father said, “Ya know, boy, to work is a blessing.”I looked at those two men who had worked harder than I ever had – my father eking out a living on that farm and my grandfather farming and working as a carpenter during the Depression. I had a feeling I had been told something really important, but it took many years before it sank in.Going to college was a rare privilege for a kid from Lakeland. My father told me if I picked something to study that I liked doing, I’d always look forward to my work. But he also added, “Even having a job you hate is better than not having a job at all.” I wanted to be a farmer, but I joined the ROTC program to help pay for college. And what started out as an obligation to the Army became a way of life that I stayed committed to for 37 years, three months and three days.In the late 1980s, during a visit to Bangladesh, I saw a woman with a baby on her back, breaking bricks with a hammer. I asked a Bangladesh military escort why they weren’t using a machine, which would have been a lot easier. He told me a machine would put that lady out of work. Breaking those bricks meant she could earn enough money to feed herself and her baby that day. And as bad as that woman’s job was, it was enough to keep a small family alive. It remained me of my father’s words: To work is a blessing.Serving in the U.S. Army overseas, I saw a lot of people like that woman in Bangladesh. And I have come to believe that people without jobs are not free. They are victims of crime, the ideology of terrorism, poor health, depression and social unrest. These victims become the illegal immigrants, the slaves of human trafficking, the drug dealers, and street gang members. I have seen it over and over again on the U.S. border, in Somalia, the Congo, Afghanistan and in New Orleans. People whohave jobs can have a home, send their kids to school, develop a sense of pride, contribute to the good of the community, and even help other. When we can work, we are free. We are blessed.I don’t think I will ever quit working. I’m retired from the Army, but I’m still working to help people be prepared for disaster. And I may get to do a little farming someday, too. I’m not go ing to stop. I believe in my father’s words. I believe in the blessing of work.Text B How to Start Your Own BusinessPre-reading Questions:1. Do you hope to start your own business? What would you like to do?2. What do you know about the necessary conditions for starting a business?The paradox of starting your own business lies in the simultaneous challenge and rewards, making it an experience unlike any other. So many businesses fail, and most entrepreneurs exclude themselves from the possibility. The tragic reality is that when business fail, the passion often dies with it. By following some sound advice and being prepared for the process, you will decrease your chances of losing a lot more than you bargained for. I have recently started a business and have learned some crucial lessons in the process that I feel privileged to share with you.1. Identify your motivation. Why do you want to start your own business? To have more time? To make more money? To be your own boss? To have creative control over what you love to do? Write out all of your motivating factors and prioritize them. When you see them listed, you might see a pattern in that you’re just unhappy at your current job and starting your own business isn’t the answer.2. Identify your passion. What do you love to do? What skills and knowledge do you uniquely bring to the table? What gets you excited about your work? Keep that passion at the forefront of your business plan, your marketing strategies, and your daily routine. If you keep your passion in plain sight, you will stay focused on the purpose of your business and not solely on the logistics.3. Identify your market.If you are starting your business locally, research your competitor. Determine if there is room in the market for your business. What will you do differently to draw in customers? What niche market are the other businesses missing? If you are starting an Internet company, research the requirements for your own unique Web presence. Your business cannot survive without customers, so do enough research on the front end to determine if there enough potential clients to keep your business alive.4. Identify your finance. If you have ever purchased a new home, you know that the financial obligations extend beyond the down payment and the mortgage. You have to buy furniture, trash cans, a garage door openers, light fixtures and landscaping equipment, and before you know it, you’re far exceeded your financial boundaries. That can happen just as easily in a business. Do exhaustive financial planning. Meet with a financial advisor or someone at you bank to examine the financial viability of your business and the process of getting it up and running. Plan wisely and do not assume the best about your business. Be prepared for financial loss and get advice on how to alleviate that burden in the future.5. Identify your support system. Seek out advice from seasoned business owners, even thosein your own field. Develop relationships with people who can offer sound advice and criticism that you might not see. If there is a business owner in your community or in your network that you aspire to model, examine his or her business practices and how they handle various situations. Ask for counsel before big decisions, and even create your own makeshift Board of Directors to help guide you in the planning and start-up process.Once you have all of these elements in place, you are prepared to start the process of developing a business plan, applying for a license, establishing a marketing presence, etc. Owning your own business can be unparalleled in the professional world, and if you surround yourself with wise counsel, you can have a career that daily feeds your passion.Unit 5 Keep your Dreams AliveA Famous QuoteYou are never too old to set another goal to dream a new dream.-- C. S. LewisClive Staples Lewis (1898-1963), Irish-born British scholar, writer and lay theologian. He was an established literary figure whose impact is increasingly recognized by scholars and teachers.Text A Life Is DifficultPre-reading Questions:1. Do you believe that life is difficult? What are some of the difficulties that you have encountered in your life?2. What suggestions did you get from your parents or friends when you met with difficulties in your life?Life is difficult.This is a great truth, one of the greatest truths. It is a great truth because once we truly see this truth we transcend it. Once we truly know that life is difficult – once we truly understand and accept it – then life is no longer difficult. Because once it is accepted, that fact that life is difficult no longer matters.Most people do not fully see this truth that life is difficult.Instead they moan more or less incessantly, noisily or subtly, about the enormity of their problems, their burdens, and their difficulties as if life were generally easy, as if life should be easy. They voice their belief, noisily or subtly, that their difficulties represent a unique kind of affliction that should not be and that has somehow been especially visited upon them, or else upon their families, their tribe, their class, their nation, their race, or even their species, and not upon others. I know about this moaning because I have done my share.Life is a series of problems. Do we want to moan about them or solve them? Do we want to teach our children to solve them?Discipline is the basic set of tools we require to solve life’s problems. Without discipline we can。