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北方民族大学外文文献翻译译文题目对于Android系统的介绍原稿题目An Introduction to Android System系(部)名称: 计算机科学与工程学院学生姓名:王紫晴专业: 信息管理与信息系统学号: 20122395指导教师姓名:张海霞北方民族大学教务处制目录An Introduction to AndroidSystem (1)1.Android system architecture (1)2. Android released version (2)3. Androidapplication features (2)4. Android development environment (3)5. AndroidProgram structure (3)6. Logcat tools (4)7. Hello World (5)对于安卓系统的介绍 (6)1.Android系统架构 (6)2. Andorid已发布的版本 (7)3. Android应用特色 (8)4. Android开发环境 (9)5. Android程序结构 (9)6. Logcat工具 (11)7. Hello World (11)An Introduction to AndroidSystemAbstractIn many organizations, database development is from the beginning of enterprise data modeling, enterprise data modeling to determine the scope of the organization and the general content of the database. This step usually occurs in an organization's information system planning process, it is intended to create an overall description or interpretation of the organization data, rather than the design of a specific database. A particular database provides data for one or more information systems, and the enterprise data model (which may contain many databases) describes the range of data maintained by the organization. In enterprise data modeling, you review the current system, analyze the need to support the nature of the business domain, describe the need for further abstraction of the data, and the planning of one or more database development projects.1.Android system architectureAndroid's system architecture uses a layered architecture of the idea, as shown in figure. From the top to the bottom layer of a total of four, respectively, the application program layer, application framework layer, the system library and the Android runtime and Linux kernel. Each layer function is briefly described as follows:1) application layerThe layer provides a number of core application packages, such as contact management, calendar, SMS, browser, maps and e-mail, etc.. At the same time, people can use the Java language to design and write their own applications, and these procedures and those of the core applications are equal and friendly coexistence.2) application framework layerThis layer is the foundation of Android application development, the developer is in the majority of the situation is in dealing with it. Application framework layer including the window manager, inform manager, content providers, system view, the location manager, phone manager, resource manager, manager, activity manager and XMPP service of ten parts. On the Android platform, developers can fully access the API framework used by the core application. Also, any application can publish its own function module, and other applications can use the function modules that have been released. Based on this mechanism, the replacement of the platform itself, a variety of application components, it is very convenient for users.3) the system library and the Android runtimeLibrary system includes nine subsystems, respectively is the layer management, media library, SQLite, OpenGLEState, freetype, WebKit, SGL, SSL and libc, include core library and the Dalvik virtual machine running Android. The former is compatible with the most of the Java language to call the function, and includes the core library for Android, such as android.os, , android.media and so on. The latter is a Java virtual machine based on the register, the Dalvik virtual machine isthe important function of the completion of life cycle management, management of the stack, thread management, safe and exception management and garbage collection.4) Linux kernelAndroid core system services rely on the Linux2.6 kernel, such as security, memory management, process management, network protocol stack and driver model. Linux kernel is also used as the abstraction layer of the hardware and software stack. Driver: Binder (IPC) driver, flash memory driver, keyboard driver, WiFi driver, Audio driver, camera driver, display driver, power management, etc.2.Android released versionSince September 2008, Google released Android 1.0 system, which is the Android system the earliest version, over the next few years, Google with amazing speed constantly updated released Android system, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 system launched the Android to occupy the market, a large number of. In February 2011, Google released Android 3.0 system, this system version is specifically for the tablet PC design, but also for Android version of the few failure, after the launch has not any improvement, market share is very few. But soon, in October of the same year, Google has released a Android 4.0 system, this system version no longer on mobile phones and tablet for differentiation between can Application on the phone can also be application in the plate, in addition is introduced many characteristics.So Android the current market usage? Analysis of Android user versions since December 2009. Until May 2014, Jelly's Bean Android was the most widely used version, accounting for 61% of all users.3.Android application features1 )major componentsAndroid four basic components are Activity, BroadcastReceiver radio receivers, Service services, Provider Content content providers.Activity: an application, a Activity is usually a separate screen, it can be displayed on the top of the control can also listen to and handle the user's response to the incident. Communication between Activity through Intent. In the description of the structure of the Intent, there are two most important parts: the action and action of the corresponding data.BroadcastReceive radio receiver, to: applications can use it to external events to filter only the interest of external events (such as when an incoming call, or network data when available) to receive and respond to. Broadcast receivers have no user interface. However, they can either start a activity or serice to respond to the information they receive, or NotificationManager to notify the user. Notice can be used in many ways to attract the attention of the user - flashing lights, shaking, playing sound, etc.. Generally put a persistent icon in the status bar, the user can open it and get the message.Service services: a Service is a long life cycle, there is no user interface procedures, can be used to develop such as monitoring procedures.Provider Content content provider: Android platform provides Provider Content to make an application specific data set available to other applications. These data can be stored in the file system, in an SQLite database, or in any other reasonable way, other applications can through the contentresolver class from the content provider access orstore data. (in application outsourcing a layer of shell).2) rich control systemAndroid system for developers to provide the rich system controls, we can write beautiful interface, can also through the expansion of system control, custom control to meet the needs of self, the common controls are: textview, Buttion, EditText, some of the layout of the controls.3) Persistence technologyAndroid system also comes with the SQLite database, SQLite database is a kind of lightweight, fast computing speed of the embedded relational database. It not only supports the standard SQL syntax, but also can be packaged by API good Android to operate, so that the storage and reading of data becomes very convenient.4 )locationMobile devices and PC compared to the location is a major highlight of the location, and now the basic Android phone is built in GPS, we can through the GPS, combined with our creativity, to create a LBS based products.5) powerful mediaProvides a rich multimedia services Android system, such as music, video, audio, pictures, alarm and other. All this all can be in the program through the code to control, make your application more rich and colorful.6 )sensorsAndroid phones built-in a variety of sensors, such as acceleration sensors, sensor orientation, which is one of the characteristics of mobile devices, we can flexibly using these sensors, can make a lot of can not be realized in PC applications. For example, "WeChat shake", "search song shake" and other functions.4 .Android development environmentDevelopment environment to build the software needed to focus on the introduction of several important tools: SDK Eclipse, Android, ADT.SDK1)AndroidAndroid SDK from Google Android development kit. In the Android development process, we need to refer to the toolkit, which contains the API for developing applications for Android.2)EclipseJava application development of the artifact, one of the best tools to use IDE, is characterized by open source, powerful plug-in function, can support a variety of language development. Of course in addition, Google also launched the Android studio, specifically tailored for Android program, but because Android studio just launched soon, less stable, after all, new tools or more, the eclipse is application has been very mature, a variety of online about the eclipse of difficult and complicated diseases solutions to many, compared to Android studio is relatively small.3)ADTADT name called "Android development tools," is Google to provide an eclipse plug-in, for providing a powerful, integrated the Android development environment in eclipse.5.Android program structure1)SRCThere is no doubt that the SRC directory is placed where we all Java code and themeanings of it here and ordinary Java projects under the SRC directory is exactly the same.2)GenIs automatically generated in this directory content, there are a R.Java file you in the project add any resources will in which to generate a corresponding resource ID, this file is not manual to modify it.3)assetsThis directory can be stored in a number of files packaged with the program, you can run the program to read the contents of these files dynamically. In addition, if you use the WebView to load the function of the local web page, all the pages related files are stored in this directory.4)binThis directory page does not need too much attention, it contains a number of automatically generated at compile time. Of course, will include a compiled installation package, the suffix for the.Apk file.5)LIBSIf the project is to use the third party jar package, you need to put these jar packages in the LIBS directory, in this directory will be automatically added to the jar package to build the path to go.6)resThis directory content is a bit more, simple point that is used in the project all the pictures, layout, string and other resources to stored in the directory, R.Java mentioned in the content is according to the directory file automatically generated. Of course, this directory there are a lot of sub directories, pictures on the drawable directory, the layout on the layout directory, under the values directory in the directory.7)AndroidManifest.xmlThis is the configuration file for the entire Android project, and all four major components you have defined in the program need to be registered in this file. In addition, you can add a permission declaration to the application, or you can specify the minimum compatible version and the target version you specify when you create a project.8)proguard-project.txtIn the release of your program, some APK files are easy to be anti compiler, so this time the file is played a role, used to confuse the program code, so that others are not so easy to see the source code.9)project.propertiesSpecifies the SDK version used by the compiler6.Logcat toolsLog in any project development process will play a very important role, in the Android project if you want to view the log must logcat tool to use.Android provides a log tool class is Log, a total of five levels, the class increment.1)Log.v ()This method is used to print the most trivial, meaning the smallest log information. Corresponding level verbose, is the lowest level of the Android log inside a.2)Log.d ()This method is used to print some debugging information, which should be helpful to your debugging process and analysis problems. The corresponding level debug, higher than the verbose level.3)Log.i ()This method is used to print some of the more important data, these data should be what you want to see, you can help you analyze the kind of user behavior. The corresponding level info, higher than the debug level.4)Log.w ()This method is used to print a number of warning messages, suggesting that the program may have a potential risk in this place, it is best to repair the place where these warnings appear. The corresponding level warn, higher than the info level.5)Log.e ()This method is used to error messages printed in the program, such as the program to the catch statement. When there is an error message printed out, the general representative of your program has serious problems, and must be repaired as soon as possible. The corresponding level error, higher than the warn level.7.Hello WorldThe default project created with Hello is World. Eclipse+ADT.对于安卓系统开发的介绍摘要Android系统是一种以Linux为基础的开放源码操作系统，主要使用于便携设备。