大学英语四级写作技巧：平行结构

大学英语四级写作技巧：平行结构

精典范例:

Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe1 alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.

So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness, and that sincerity is always subject to proof. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.

Now the trumpet summons us again - not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need2; not as a call to battle, though embattled we are3; but a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle, a year in and year out rejoicing in hope, patient in tribulation, a struggle4 against the common enemies of man: 5 tyranny, poverty, disease, and war itself.

And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you6; ask what you can do for your country.

--美国前总统John F. Kennedy

注意：

(1)划线部分为平行结构

(2)例1.头韵;例23. We need arms和We are embattled为倒装结构;例4.同位语;例5.见冒号的用法。

在句中使用and 或on时, 须连接结构相同的部分。总的原则是：词与词相配, 短语和短语相配,从句和从句相配,句子则和句子放在一起。所有这些搭配必须是平行结构，它们应采用相同的形式。

No: My parents went to Tibet, to Mongolia, and they even saw Hong Kong and Macau.

Yes: My parents went to Tibet, to Mongolia, and even to Hong Kong and Macau.

No: Jonathan noticed the way Stephanie talked and how she kept fidgeting with her fingers.

Yes: Jonathan noticed how Stephanie talked and how she kept fidgeting with her fingers.

一些连词，如both/and, either/or, neither/nor,和not only/but also.常用于连接平行结构。

No: That conference was both helpful and contained a lot of information.

Yes: That conference was both helpful and informative.

No: Here we either turn left or right, but I forget which.

Yes: Here we turn either left or right, but I forget which.

No: Fu Chong, the pianist, was heavily influenced both by his mentor and his parents.

Yes: Fu Chong, the pianist, was heavily influenced by both his mentor and his parents.

No: Elizabeths overcoat is at either the theater or her dormitory.

Yes: Elizabeths overcoat is either at the theater or in her dormitory.

(主谓一致结构)

What makes me different from other job applicants?

Ability to converse in English, Japanese in addition to my native Mandarin

Completion of two-month customer satisfaction training

Impeccable medical report card

Outgoing personality and eager desire to help

(名词平行结构)

Awkward: At Yi Xin Associates, we have 15 years of combined legal experience in all types of injury cases one can think of. Other areas we handle are wrongful death, automobile accidents and medical malpractice. If you slip and fall in a public building, we can represent you in filing a law suit against the owner. Also, our clients come to seek our help in handicap discrimination and denial of insurance claim cases.