2017年高考英语一轮复习--语法专题-第八讲-非谓语动词-新人教版

第八讲非谓语动词

非谓语动词考点透析

1.不定式、分词、动名词的否定式都是在其前面加 not/never。如：

(1)Mrs.Smith warned her daughter never to drive after drinking.

史密斯夫人提醒女儿不要酒后开车。

(2)Not knowing what to do，I went to the teacher for advice.

由于不知道该怎么办，我去问老师有何建议。

(3)I apologize to you for not telling you the truth immediately.

我没有立刻告诉你真相，向你道歉。

2．不定式的进行时表示动作与谓语动作同时发生。不定式、分词、动名词的完成式表示动作在谓语之前发生。如：

(1)When mother came into the room，Tom pretended to be working hard at his lessons.

妈妈走进房间时，汤姆装作正在认真做功课。

(2)Robert is said to have studied abroad，but I don't know what country he studied in.

据说罗伯特到国外留过学，不过我不知道他在哪个国家学习过。

(3)Having finished all my homework，I went out to play football with Li Ming.

在完成所有的作业后，我和李明去踢足球了。

(4)The boy was severely punished by his father for having told lies.

这男孩因说谎受到他父亲严厉的惩罚。

3．不定式作定语时，如果不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词是不定式动作的工具、地点，不定式后就应有必要的介词。如：

There are five pairs to choose from，but I'm at a loss which to buy.

有五对可供选择，可我不知道该买哪一对。

4．不定式主动表被动的几种情况：

在 There be结构中，作定语的不定式既可用主动语态也可用被动语态。如：

There is a lot of work to do/to be done.

有许多工作要做。

不定式作定语时，如果不定式所修饰的名词是不定式的宾语，但是又可在句子中找到另一个词作不定式的逻辑主语，不定式要用主动语态。如：

Would you please give the boy something to read?

请给这男孩一些读物好吗？

(something是 read的宾语，the boy是 read的逻辑主语，不定式用主动语态)

注意比较下列两个句子：

I have some letters to type.

我有一些信要打印。

(隐含意义：I'll type the letters myself.)

Do you have any letters to be typed，sir?

先生，你有信件要我打印吗？

(隐含意义：I'll type the letters for you.)

5．关于不定式的省略。

在连词than，as后，介词except，but，besides后，如果前有实义动词do的某种形式，动词不定式一般不带to，反之则带to。如：

(1)In that case，there is nothing you can do than wait.

既然如此，没有办法，你只能等了。

(2)He likes reading novels besides to play the piano.

除了弹钢琴，他还喜欢看小说。

使役动词make，let，have和感官动词see，watch，hear，observe后接不定式作宾补时要省略to，但在被动语态中，to不能省略。如：

(1)A computer does only what thinking people have it do.

电脑只能做有思维的人类要它做的事情。

(2)Paul doesn't have to be made to learn.He always works hard.

鲍尔不用被迫学习，他一向学习努力。

6．admit，advise，avoid，appreciate，can't help，consider，delay，deny，escape，enjoy，finish，feel like，fancy，imagine，mind，miss，practise，risk，suggest等动词以及所有带介词的短语动词后面只能跟动名词作宾语。如：

(1)I really appreciate having time to relax with you on this nice island.

有时间与你在这个美丽的岛上放松一下，我真的非常感激。

(2)The boy was lucky enough to escape being punished.

这孩子很幸运地逃过了处罚。

7．remember，forget，try，mean，regret，stop，go on后接不定式做宾语与接动名词作宾语，意义有很大区别，必须牢记。

regret doing 因做过某事而后悔，动作已发生

regret to do 因将做某事而遗憾，动作没发生

remember doing 记得做过某事，动作已发生

remember to do 记得去做某事，动作没发生

forget doing 忘记曾做过某事，动作已发生

forget to do 忘记做某事，动作没发生

mean doing 意味着

mean to do 打算做

stop doing 停止做

stop to do 停止做某事而做另一件事

try doing 尝试做

try to do 努力做

如：

(1)She searched the top of the hill and stopped to rest on a big rock by the side of the path.

她扫视了一眼山顶，在路边的一块大岩石旁停下来休息。

(2)－You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.

——你真勇敢，在会上提出了反对意见。

－Well，now I regret having done that.

——哎！我现在正后悔那样做！

(3)－I usually go there by train.

——我通常坐火车去那儿。

－Why not try going by boat for a change?

——为什么不改变一下，试试坐船呢？

(4)Mastering a foreign language doesn't mean learning it in class only.

要掌握一门外语并不意味着只在课堂上学习就行。

8．look forward to，devote oneself to，pay attention to，stick to，devote to，make contributions to，be used to，get used to，object to中的to是介词，因而其后接动名词作宾语，不要误用动词不定式。

(1)I'm looking forward to seeing you again.

我盼望再次看到你。

(2)Mr.Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to setting up some schools for poor children.

里德先生决心倾其所有为贫穷孩子建几所学校。

9．在“There is no＋主语” 句型中，常用动名词作主语。

(1)There is no telling what will happen in the future.

很难说未来会发生什么。

(There is no telling...＝It is impossible to tell...)

(2)There is no denying that he plotted this rebellion.

无可否认，他策划了这次谋反。

10．关于being＋过去分词。

“being＋过去分词”是分词一般式的被动语态，常用作定语，表示一个正在进行的被动动作。分词短语作状语时，如要表示一个被动动作，用过去分词即可，因为过去分词本身就可表被动，一般不能用being＋过去分词。只有当分词表示一个正在进行而且又是被动的动作时，才可用being＋done (这种用法很少见)。

(1)Founded in 1636，Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.

哈佛大学建于1636年，是美国最著名的大学之一。

(不用being founded)

(2)The house being built in our school is for us teachers.Though there's noise most of the day we still feel happy about it.

学校正在修建的那栋房子是给我们教师建的，虽然一天到晚有噪音，我们还是很高兴。

(being built是定语，“正在被修建的”)

(3)Translated into English，the sentence was found to have a completely different word order.

这个句子译成英语后，词序完全不同了。

(不用being translated)

11．关于分词选定的原则。

分词短语作定语时，分词的选定依据分词与被其修饰的名词的关系而定。如果名词是分词动作的执行者，用现在分词；如果名词是分词动作的承受者，用过去分词。分词短语作状语时，则要看分词与句子主语的关系。如果句子的主语是分词动作的执行者，用现在分词；如果主语是分词动作的承受者，用过去分词。

(1)Seen from the mountain，the city looks beautiful.

从山顶看去，这个城市显得非常美丽。

(2)Seeing from the mountain，we can see the river running through the city.

从山顶看去，我们可以看到一条河流经整个城市。

(第一句：the city“被看”，用过去分词；第二句：“我们看”，表主动，用现在分词)

(3)The computer center，opened last year，is really popular among the students in this school.

去年开放的电脑中心深受本校学生的欢迎。

(the computer center“被开办”，用过去分词opened)

(4)The boy running on the playground is from England.

在操场上跑步的男孩是英国人。

(男孩是“跑”的执行者，用running)

12．judging from/by，considering，generally speaking，roughly speaking，strictly speaking，personally speaking，frankly speaking，talking of，granted that等引导的分词短语在句中作插入语，说明全句。

(1)Judging from his accent，he must be from Guangdong.

从他的口音判断，他一定是广东人。

(2)Generally speaking，girls are more careful than boys.

一般说来，女孩比男孩更细心。

13．关于过去分词given。

given的基本意思是“给”。另外，它还有“特定的”、“假设的”意思，根据上下文，又可把它引申为“考虑到”，在句中作条件状语。

(1)Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.

如果给予更多的照顾，这些树会长得更好。

(2)Given his age，the performance is really great.(given his age“考虑到他的年纪”)

考虑到他的年纪，他表现得很不错了。

14．分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致，如果不一致，就要在分词前加上其逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。

(1)Finding her car stolen，she hurried to a policeman for help.

发现她的车丢了，她赶紧向警察求助。

(分词的逻辑主语是she，与句子的主语一致，是现在分词作状语)

(2)His mother being ill，he had to stay home to look after her.

由于他妈妈病了，他不得不待在家里照顾她。

(his mother being ill是独立主格结构作状语)

观察下列独立主格结构，请注意它们与分词短语作状语的区别。

Everything being ready，we started out.(表原因)

一切都准备好了，我们出发了。

“Mama！” he cried suddenly，tears rolling down his cheeks.(表伴随情况) “妈妈！”他突然大声喊道，眼泪流下了脸颊。

Weather permitting，we'll go outing.(表条件)

天气许可的话，我们就去郊游。

All the tickets having been sold out，we felt very disappointed.(表原因) 所有的票都卖完了，我们感到很失望。

All the guests having arrived，the party was declared open.(表时间)

所有的客人都到齐了，晚会宣布开始。

15．不定式、动名词、分词作定语的区别。

比较下列画线部分在句中的作用、位置及其与谓语动词的时间顺序：

(1)They have no drinking water now.(动名词作定语)

他们现在没有饮用水了。

(2)The book to_be_published is about Dengue fever.

即将出版的书是关于登革热的。

(将要出版的这本书是关于登格热的。不定式作定语)

(3)The rising sun is very beautiful.(现在分词作定语)

落日非常美。

(4)The ground is covered with fallen leaves.

落叶满地。(过去分词作定语)

强化训练

Ⅰ.用所给动词的正确形式填空。

1．We got a little________(sunburn)，but the day had been so________(relax)that

we didn't mind.

2．In the beginning, there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always________(think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.

3．Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, ________ (wear) sun glasses.

4．I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man ________(sit) at the front.

5.After the student left, the teacher let another student taste the water. He spit it out, ________(say) it was awful.

6.She wished that he was as easy________(please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume.

7．For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop________(help) it grow”， is based on the following story.

8．While she was getting me________(settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car.

9．They observed birds flying________(get) ideas, as well as read about other inventors' attempts to make aircraft.

10．Inside the building, the students saw nothing but broken walls and doors and pieces of the building________(lie) all over the place.

11．Within a short time of his death, money started pouring in from all over Scotland________ (support) his widow and children.

12.I got to the office earlier that day，________(catch) the 7：30 train from Padington.

13．________(find) the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.

14．________(complete) all the homework assigned by the school, the students have to work at it till midnight.

15．Dudley, which is probably the heart of the Black Country, has a history________(date) back over 1，000 years.

16. But the leaders did not announce any ________(detail) plan for Greece after meeting Thursday in Brussels.

17．Volunteering gives you a chance________(change) lives, including your own.

18.In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words________(use) in daily conversations.

19. The room is empty except for a bookshelf________(stand) in one corner.

20．Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail________(wait) for her.

21．You cannot accept an opinion________(offer) to you unless it is based on facts.

22．________(found)in the early 20th century，the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art.

23．...after luckily________(succeed) in the national college entrance examination, I realized my dream again.

24．Soon he disappeared in the Men's. I stood there________(puzzle). Suddenly I realized...

25．They often take children on day-trips，________(bring) along with them all kinds of food for the kids to enjoy.

Ⅱ.用所给动词的适当形式填空。

Reporter：How can parents who read to more than one child at a time keep everyone 1.________ (engage)?

Kathleen：2.________ (read) together with family can be one of the best ways

3.________(promote) family togetherness (和谐). Children should be encouraged

4.________(ask) questions throughout the story and predict what might happen on the next page. This is also a great opportunity for elder children

5.________ (read) to younger children.

Reporter：Outside of 6.________ (read) on the sofa and in bed, are there other places where family reading can take place?

Kathleen：Everywhere! Make it a habit 7.________ (bring) books everywhere you go. You can have books in the car and bring books to the grocery store. Also you

can pack books for the morning subway or bus ride.

Reporter：For families that speak and read in two languages，do you have any suggestions about 8.________(choose) books?

Kathleen：I recommend 9.________ (go) to the library and checking out a story in two different languages. While 10.________ (read) each story, you can assist your child in recognizing familiar words in each language.

答案：

Ⅰ.1.sunburnt；relaxing 2.thinking 3.wearing

4．sitting 5.saying 6.to please 7.to help 8.settled

9．to get 10.lying 11.to support 12.having caught

13．Finding 14.To complete 15.dating 16.detailed

17．to ed19.standing20.waiting21.offered22.Founded 23.succeeding 24.puzzled

25．bringing

Ⅱ.1.engaged 2.Reading 3.to promote 4.to ask 5.to read 6.reading 7.to bring 8.choosing 9.going 10.reading

Ⅲ.短文改错

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)画掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Good afternoon, my dear friends，

My name is Li Hua and I'm very glad have the chance to run for vice president of the English club. Concerned the position, I feel qualifying to take the job. I have gained a lot of experience in management. Besides, I a m a warm-hearted boy and always ready to help others. What's more, I'm good at organize all kinds of activities.

To looking ahead, I will try my best assisting the president and serve my fellow students if I am lucky enough to voted vice president. I will also invite some famous professors give lectures to us students so that we can acquire a lot of knowledge. On the other hand, I will organize more activities enhancing the communication between schools. Moreover, I will open more channels for you voicing your opinions.

I hope you will give me a chance, and I promise that I will be a good vice president.

Thank you.

答案：