【洛阳2021届高三一模】洛阳市2020-2021学年高三第一次统一考试 语文(高清含答案)
河南省洛阳市第一高级学校2020-2021学年高一语文联考试卷含解析
河南省洛阳市第一高级学校2020-2021学年高一语文联考试卷含解析一、现代文阅读（35分，共3题）1. 阅读下面的文字，完成各小题。
对面的碗王若冰坐在餐桌前，面前又是已经盛满米饭的碗。
碗面上是一只腾飞的金凤凰，碗的边缘是一圈金色，与凤凰交相辉映。
骨瓷，薄，剔透，泛着凝白的光芒。
小路看了好一会儿，她从来没有见过如此精致的碗。
老人将一块牛肉放到小路的碗里，“你尝尝，这是我小火三个小时炖出来的。
”老人的话听起来漫不经心，似解释，又似自言自语。
小路的眼睛湿润了。
她想起已经过世的母亲。
小路与老人相识于偶然。
那天，她到这座楼里看房子，因租金太高而放弃。
高楼之外的天空，秋阳飘洒在窗外，落叶纷纷扬扬地在距离有限的楼宇间飘荡。
小路想起家与父母，想到在都市里打拼的艰辛，不由落泪。
老人就是在那个时刻出现的。
她身穿圆领黑毛衣，搭一条酒红色披肩，藏蓝色西裤，脚上是一尘不染的黑皮鞋；戴一副金丝花边眼镜，脸上带着浅浅的笑意。
在听到小路要租房的时候，她笑着说：“要不，你看看我那房子是否满意？”说罢，老人不等小路回答，径直走向电梯对面的门。
那扇深棕色的门一打开，房子内部就展现在小路的眼里了。
她一看，刚迈进的一条腿又缩回来，不好意思地对老人说：“阿姨，我还是不看了。
我，租不起。
”老人一把拉住她的胳膊，先进来看看吧。
房子是中式风格，含蓄婉约中透着特有的美感。
墙上挂着山水画，客厅的博古架上，摆满了精美的瓷器。
美术系毕业的她，非常喜欢这样的风格与氛围。
可是越看就越觉得是在做梦。
老人说：“两个房间，一个朝南，一个向北。
你随便选择，价格都是一个月六百元。
”小路有点不敢相信自己的耳朵，这可是黄金地段啊！老人笑着说：“价格便宜是因为我有要求，你每天下班回来都得帮我带一瓶牛奶。
”小路听后，感激地说了无数声“谢谢阿姨！”搬入的第二天下班，小路发现老人坐在餐桌前，对面摆放着一只盛满米饭的碗。
老人不经意地说：“我的朋友原本要过来吃饭，结果临时有事来不了。
2021年洛阳市第一中学高三语文一模试卷及答案
2021年洛阳市第一中学高三语文一模试卷及答案一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面文字，完成下面小题。
材料一：冠状病毒是一个大型病毒家族，已知可引起感冒、中东呼吸综合征（MERS）和严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）等较严重疾病。
新型冠状病毒是以前从未在人体中发现的冠状病毒新毒株。
人感染了冠状病毒后常见体征有呼吸道症状、发热、咳嗽、气促和呼吸困难等。
在较严重病例中，感染可导致肺炎、严重急性呼吸综合征、肾衰竭，甚至死亡。
目前，对于新型冠状病毒所致疾病没有特异治疗方法。
但许多症状是可以处理的，因此需根据患者临床情况进行治疗。
此外，对感染者的辅助护理可能非常有效。
（摘自《百度百科》）材料二：据世界卫生组织估算，新型冠状病毒传播速率为1.4-2.5，远超SARS病毒，但在病毒性致死方面要弱一些，在可以人传人的病毒中，我们熟知的SARS病毒的致死率为9.6%，2012年的中东呼吸综合征（MERS）的致死率为34.5%。
科学防治，既要有科学的认识，也要有科学的方法。
新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控是一项系统工程，需要各个方面、各个防控主体坚持科学的态度、采用科学的方法，坚持精准施策、做好协同配合。
比如，救治感染患者，就要按照“集中患者、集中专家、集中资源、集中救治”的原则，将重症病例集中到综合力量强的定点医疗机构进行教治。
又如，做好疫情监测、排查、预警等工作，就要有针对性地加强源头控制，对车站、机场、码头等重点场所，以及汽车、火车、飞机等密闭交通工具，采取通风、消毒、体温监测等必要措施。
无论是个人、社区，还是政府部门，都应该讲究科学方法、注重精准施策，让各项防控举措更加有力、更加有效。
（摘自《科学防治，让各项举措更有力有效》）材料三：据新华社电，中国科研团队近日在美国《科学》杂志在线发表论文说，他们发现了两种可有效阻断新冠病毒感染的人源单克隆抗体，有望用于抗新冠药物和疫苗的研发。
研究人员从一名新冠康复患者的外周血单核细胞中分离出4种人源单克隆抗体。
2020-2021学年洛阳市实验中学高三英语第一次联考试卷及答案
2020-2021学年洛阳市实验中学高三英语第一次联考试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AReturns & Refund Guarantee（保证；保证书）The “Returns & Refund Guarantee” is a promise provided by sellers for every item they sell on DHgate. com. When you receive an item that was bought and paid for on our site, and you find it is not as described or isof low quality, you can contact the seller to resolve these problems. DHgate will offer additional assistance if the seller is not cooperative.Scope（范围）The following points should not be included in the “Returns & Refund Guarantee”：▲The seller didn't make any promise.▲The seller can provide evidence to prove the items are as described.▲You didn't contact the seller within the promised time.▲You have released the payment to the seller before asking DHgate for help.Sellers are able to set up the following promises：Returning items for any reasonBuyers can return items for a refund within a specific date which has been set up by sellers, such as 3 days, and 7 days from the day when the items are received. The items' receiving date is the date that is indicated on the shipping carrier's official website. Buyers should prepay any return shipping cost, which will be given back to the buyers after the seller receives the items as long as the items are returned in the same exact condition as when they were delivered.Returns or Refunds accepted if the product has quality issuesBuyers can return the items for a refund when they are not as described or possess quality issues by communicating directly with the seller. The seller is responsible for the return shipping cost.Buyers can get a refund and keep the items when the items are not as described or possess quality issues by negotiating directly with sellers.1.Who can get additional assistance from DHgate in the guarantee?A.The buyers in physical stores.B.The buyers on DHgate. com.C.The sellers on DHgate. com.D.Both the buyers and the sellers.2.Which situation is within the scope of the guarantee?A.The seller didn't make any promise.B.The buyer has paid the seller in advance.C.The buyer asked for help within the promised time.D.The seller proves that there is nothing wrong with the item.3.Which of the following is true according to the passage?A.Not all the sellers make promises.B.DHgate sometimes will pay the buyers.C.Sellers should prepay return shipping cost.D.The buyer can't keep the items after getting a refund.BWhen you say the word donkey, whatthings come to your mind? A few people might say they’re cute, but the majority think they’re stubborn, dumb and all-round less capable than their horse s.However, this wasn’t the case for a recently unearthed ancient Chinese noblewoman who was unexpectedly found buried with her donkeys. Published in the journal Antiquity in March, Chinese archaeologists (考古学家) first discovered the tomb in Xi’an, Shaanxi, in 2012. The team examined the remains and identified the body as Cui Shi, a Tang Dynasty high-born lady who died in 878 AD.Speaking to Science Magazine in 2012, the study’s co-author, Fiona Marshall, said the finding caused confusion as “donkeys … are not associated with high-status people”.However, following years of further research, the team discovered artworks and artifacts that showed a sport known as “Lvju”. This was similar to modern-day polo (马球)and was popular among noble (高贵的) women at the time. They preferred to use donkeys instead of full-sized horses for safety reasons, due to their smaller size and slower speed.Speaking to CNN, Marshall later said, “Historical documents also showed that ladies of the late Tang court loved to play donkey polo.”At that time in Chinese history, animals were often placed in tombs so that they could be used for a specific purpose in the afterlife. The study determined that Cui Shi likely requested that her beloved donkeys be buried with her, so that she could continue her favorite sport after death. In total, three donkeys were found inside her tomb with riding gear (装备), including stirrups (马镫). “This context provides evidence that the donkeys in hertomb were for polo, not transport,” lead author Hu Songmei of the Shaanxi Academy of Archaeology told Science Magazine.Before the study, it was believed that donkeys were only used to carry loads, but now it may be time to see them as a sign of achieving high social status(地位), well, in ancient times.4. What do most people think of donkeys, according to the text?A. They are as adorable(可爱的) as horses.B. They are stubborn and not so capable.C. They were necessary in ancient sports.D. They were a sign of high social status.5. Why did Fiona Marshall feel confused when she discovered the donkeys?A. She didn’t connect donkeys with nobles.B. She hadn’t seen donkeys in ancient tombs before.C. She didn’t expect to find donkeys in a woman’s tomb.D. She didn’t understand why animals were in human tombs.6. What do we know about the sport “Lvju” from the text?A. Horses were preferred in Lvju.B Lvju was similar to modern-day soccer.C. Lvju was popular among common people.D. Donkeys were preferred in the sport for safety.7. The donkeys were found in the tomb of Cui Shi probably because _______.A. she intended to use them for transport after deathB. her family didn’t want her to be lonely after deathC. she wanted to continue to play Lvju after deathD. noble women needed donkeys to maintain their dignityCNow most of the workers work from 9 am to 5 pm. However, according to the global Internet survey done by the UK Sleep Council, thesiesta（午睡）was the right idea all along. The UK Sleep Council called on the country'sbosses to end nine-to-five working in favor of more flexible hours. They believe what would really increase the workers' productivity is a nice afternoon nap, rather than those bonuses.Forty-one percent of the 12,000 people who responded to the council's survey said they were most productive in the morning, while 38 percent said theyhit their stridein the evening. "This means most of them cannot fully pay attention to what they do in the middle of the day," said sleep expert Dr. Chris Idzikowskii. "Wemust conclude from this survey that the traditional nine-to-five working day does not suit most workers." He suggested that allowing workers to follow their natural sleeping habits would actually benefit employers by allowing them to expand their working hours and be more productive.Fortunately, being a college lecturer, I don't have to go to work everyday. I only work three days a week, but during the three days I work really long hours and have no time for a little siesta. I'm usually so tired and sleepy in the afternoon, which really affects thevitality（活力）of my classes.I think Dr. Chris Idzikowskii's idea is worthwhile. When people have flexible working hours they could reach their highest productivity. On top of that, flexible working hours mean thatpeople don't have to work all at the same time. That way we could avoid traffic jams. Therefore, it's really killing two birds with one stone!8. What can improve the workers' productivity, according to the UK Sleep Council?A. More bonuses.B. The flexible working time.C. Working for long hours.D. Working in a relaxing way.9. What does the underlined part probably mean in Paragraph 2?A. Were most sleepy.B. Were most flexible.C. Worked at their own pace.D. Worked at their best.10. What did the UK Sleep Council's survey find?A. Few people are suitable to work at noon.B. People are more productive in the morning.C. Some people like to expand their working hours.D. More and more people prefer to work in the evening.11. Why does the author support Dr. Chris Idzikowskii's idea?A. It could solve most of the traffic problems.B. He finds Dr. Chris Idzikowskii respectable.C. He thinks the idea can benefit the society.D. It allows him to work for fewer hours.DThese days, football is one of the most popular sports in the world. Given that Neil Armstrong wanted to take a football to the Moon, we could even say that it is also the most popular sport out of this world! The history of the game goes back over two thousand years to Ancient China. It was then known as cuju (kick ball), a game using a ball of animal skins with hair inside. Goals were hung in the air. Football as we know it today started inGreatBritain, where the game was given new rules.That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity. It is also a game that is very cheap to play. You don’t need expensive equipment; even the ball doesn’t have to cost much money. All over the world you can see kids playing to their hearts’ content with a ball made of plastic bags.Another factor behind football’s global popularity is the creativity and excitement on the field. It is fun enough to attract millions of people. You do not have to be a fan to recognize the skill of professional players or to feel the excitement of a game ending with a surprising twist.What’s more, football has become one of the best ways for people to communicate: it does not require words, but everyone understands it. It breaks down walls and brings people together on and off the field.“Some people believe football is a matter of life and death, ...” said Bill Shankly, the famous footballer and manager. “I can tell you with certainty it is much, much more important than that.” This might sound funny, but one only has to think about the Earth to realize that our planet is shaped like a football.12. What can we know from paragraph one?A. Some people like to play football on the Moon.B. The game called cuju was given new rules today.C. Cuju is different from football as we know it today.D. Many people like playing a ball made of plastic bags.13. According to the author, there are ________ reasons why football became so popular in the world.A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 614. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. Football is round.B. Football is more than just a sport.C. Our planet is shaped like a football.D. What Bill Shankly said sounds funny.15. What’s the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A. To talk about the history of football.B. To express his/her love of football.C. To explain why football is such a popular game.D. To prove that he/she is a professional football fan.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
洛阳市2021-2022高三一练英语答案
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2020-2021学年洛阳市第一高级中学高三英语模拟试题及答案
2020-2021学年洛阳市第一高级中学高三英语模拟试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ADuring ancient times, children didn’t have smartphones, iPad or computers to entertain themselves. Instead, they came up with interesting games to play.★Stone ballsDuring the Qing Dynasty, kicking a stone ball around was a popular sport in the northern part of China, and it was often played in the winter to protect kids from the cold. Stones were carved into small balls and kicked along with feet. In 1999, the sport was included in the 6th National Ethnic Group Traditional Sports Meeting held in Beijing.★Flying kitesKites have quite a long history. The earliest kites were made of wood, instead of paper. Nowadays, the four most famous kites are the Beijing kite, Tianjin kite , Weifang kite and Nantong kite, of which each has distinctive features. The kite which resembles a swallow is a well-known Beijing style.★Hide-and-seekHide-and-seek is a traditional game for children, popular around the nation. There are two ways to play: covering a child’s eyes while other kids run around to tease(戏弄) him or, more commonly, participants hide and one child must try to find them.★Playing diabolosA diabolo is always made of wood or bamboo and has empty space in the center. By juggling(边抛边接) the diabolo on the rope, the high-speed spinning diabolos will make a sound like a whistle. Playing diabolos is an interesting folk game, especially popular in North China. Playing diabolos was also included in the first group of national intangible cultural heritage(非物质文化遗产).1.Why did ancient children often play stone balls in the winter?A.To practice their feet.B.To warm themselves.C.To train their skills.D.To relax themselves.2.Which kites are swallow-shaped?A.Weifang kites.B.Tianjin kites.C.Beijing kites.D.Nantong kites.3.Why does playing diabolos make a sound?A.Because the diabolo’s center is empty.B.Because the high-speed spinning diabolo is light.C.Because the diabolo is equipped with a whistle.D.Because ropes’ surface moves against the diabolo’s.BThere is an old Chinese proverb that states “One generation plants the trees; another gets the shade,” and this is how it should be with mothers and daughters. The relationship between a mother and a daughter is sometimes confusing. The relationship can be similar to friendship. However, the mother and daughter relationship has unique characteristics that distinguish it from a friendship. These characteristics include responsibilities and unconditional love, whichprecludemothers and daughters from being best friends.Marina, 27 years old, said, “I love spending time with my mom, but I wouldn’t consider her my best friend. Best friends don’t pay for your wedding. Best friends don’t remind you how they carried you in their body and gave you life! Best friends don’t tell you how wise they are because they have been alive at least 20 years longer than you.” This doesn’t mean that the mother and daughter relationship can’t be very close and satisfying. This generation of mothers and adult daughters has a lot in common, which increases the likelihood of shared companionship. Mothers and daughters have always shared the common experience of being homemakers, responsible for maintaining(保持) and passing on family values and traditions. Today contemporary mothers and daughters also share the experience of work and technology, which may bring them even closer together.Best friends may ormay not continue to be best friends, but for better or worse; the mother and daughter relationship is permanent, even if for some unfortunate reason they aren’t speaking. Sometimes this is not an equal relationship. Daughters don’t always feel responsible for their mother’s emotional well-being. But mothers never stop being mothers, which includes frequently wanting to protect their daughters and often feeling responsible for their happiness. The mother and daughter relationship is a relationship that is not replaceable by any other. Mothers always “trump(胜过)” friends.4. What does the underlined word “preclude” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A. differ.B. benefit.C. prevent.D. change.5. What can we learn from what Marina said?A. Best friends will not spend money on her wedding.B. Best friends will not remind her of important issues in life.C. Her mother is wiser on account of her age.D. Her mother is definitely not her best friend.6. Why can a mother and a daughter build a even closer relationship today?A. Because they share advanced technology with each other.B. Because they work together to support the whole family.C. Because they experience the same values and traditions.D. Because they have common experience in life and work.7. What is the text mainly about?A. How to build a good mother and daughter relationship.B. A mother-daughter relationship is irreplaceable.C. Mothers want to be daughters’ friends.D. A daughter is a mother’s best friend.CYour best friend that follows you around when the sun comes out - your shadow - doesn’t serve an important function like your heart or brain, but what if you could use shadows to create electricity? When using solar panels (电池板) that are powered by light, shadows can be boring because it means electricity can’t be created. However, researchers from the National University of Singapore have engineered a way to create power from the shadows present everywhere.A team of the university created a machine that can collect energy from shadows. It is created by placing a thin coating of gold onto silicon (硅). Like in a normal solar panel, when put in light, the silicon electrons (电子) become energized and the energized electrons then jump from the silicon to the gold. The voltage (电压) of the part of the machine that is placed in the light increases to the dark part and the electrons in the machine flow from high to low voltage. They are sent through an external circuit (外电路) creating a current that can be used to power another machine. The greater the contrast between light and dark, more energy is provided by the machine.The team isworking on improving the performance of the machine, borrowing approaches from solar panels to gather light. Increasing the amount of light the machines can receive allows them to better make use of shadows, as well as developing shadow energy collecting panels that can successfully gather from indoor lighting. The team is also researching the use of other materials other than gold to drop the price of the machine, meaningthey would be more cost effective and easier to apply in society.Shadows are present everywhere and perhaps one day in the future we will be able to collect energy from them by placing the shadow-effect energy machine around the world in places that have been considered unfit for solar panels to work, or indoors. “A lot of people think that shadows are useless,” Tan says, but “anything can be useful, even shadows.”8. What is Paragraph 1 mainly about?A. Your best friend always stays with you after the sunrise.B. The shadow has the same function as the heart and brain.C. Shadows can stop solar panels from creating electricity.D. Researchers have found a way to create power from shadows.9. What is the key working principle of the machine mentioned in the text?A. The silicon produces electricity when it is in the light.B. The gold produces power with the help of the silicon.C. The energized electrons flow from high to low voltage.D. An external circuit creates current using another machine.10. How does the team improve the performance of the machine?A. Using solar panels in the machine.B. Increasing the amount of light received.C. Developing light energy collecting panels.D. Bringing down the price of gold.11. Which of the following is the best place to apply the machine?A. A gym.B. A park.C. A farm.D. A playground.DSam, I say to myself as I start across the bridge, you must stop these thoughts and start thinking about what to do now that you have lost your falcon, Frightful.Life, my friend Ban do once said, is meeting problems and solving them whether you are an amoeba or a space traveller. I have a problem. I have to provide my younger sister Alice and myself with meat. Fish, nuts, and vegetables are good and necessary, but they don't provide enough fuel for the hard physical work we do. Although we have venison now, I can't always count on getting it. So far this year, our venison has been only road kill from in front of Mrs Strawberry's farm.I decide to take the longest way home, down the flood plain of the West Branch of Delaware to Spillkill, my own name for a fast stream that cascades down the south face of the mountain range I'm on. I need time to think. Perhaps Alice and I should be like the early Eskimos. We should walk, camp and hunt, and when the seasons change, walk on to new food sources. But I love my tree and my mountaintop.Another solution would be to become farmers, like the people of the Iroquois Confederacy who once lived here. They settled in villages and planted corm and squash, bush beans and berries. We already grow groundnuts in the damp soil and squash in the poor land. But the Iroquois also hunted game. I can't do that anymore.I'm back where I started from.Slowly I climb the Spillkill. As I hop from rock to rock beneath shady basswoods and hemlocks, I hear the cry of the red-tailed hawk who nests on the mountain crest. I am reminded of Frightful and my heart aches. I can almost hear her call my name, Cree, Cree, Cree, Car-ree.Maybe I can get her back if I beg the man who is in charge of the peregrines at the university. “But it's the law,” he would say. I could write to the president of the United States and ask him to make an exception of Alice and me. That won't work. The president swore to uphold the Constitution and laws of the United States when he took office.I climb on. I must stop thinking about the impossible and solve the problem of what to do now. I must find a new way to provide for us. Frightful is going to be in good hands at the university, and she will have young.I smile at the thought of little Frightfuls and lift my reluctant feet.When I am far above the river, I take off my clothes and moccasins and bathe in a deep, clear pool until I am refreshed and thinking more clearly. Climbing up the bank, I dress and sit down. I breathe deeply of the mountain air and try to solve my problem more realistically.12. What does this excerpt main describe?A. Delicate mental activities.B. Unique story environment.C. Everchanging story events.D. Complicated character relationship.13. What is Sam's first worry?A. How to get back quicklyB. How to get enough venison.C. How to ensure the safety of Frightful.D. How to provide meat for Alice and himself.14. What do we know about Frightful?A. He left Sam and Alice due to lack of food.B. He helped Sam hunt before being taken away.C. He is living with the red-tailed hawk happily.D. He has given birth to babies in the university.15. Which of the following can best describe Sam?A. Humorous.B. Aggressive.C. Responsible.D. Unrealistic.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
河南省洛阳市2020届高三第一次统一考试 英语试题
16. What can we infer about the two speakers? A. They’re not Chinese. B. They’re learning Chinese. C. They’re visiting Beijing.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What is the speaker mainly talking about?
around 300 million users who are active each month. The platf时m is all about photos with short captions. When it comes to· lnstagram’s users, 53 percent of them are aged 18-29, but .a big
A
Teens love to socialize, and these websites give them a chance to do that while playing games,
exploring virtual worlds arid taking quizzes.αcow驼，teens also need to be safe online and report
B. The niajority of its users are in their 20s.
C. It has the largest number of users.
D. Only those above 18 nonnally use it.
any cyber bullies （欺凌）－
lnstagram allows teens to upload photos of their daily life and share them wi.th friends.
河南省洛阳市2021-2022学年高三年级第一次统一考试英语试题
河南省洛阳市2021-2022学年高三年级第一次统一考试英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解Are you looking forward to a vacation with your family in Caribbean islands? Actually, a family vacation in the Caribbean islands doesn’t come cheap but is affordable. These four wonderful kid-friendly hotels are ideal for you.Dreams Palm Beach HotelClose to Higuey, this hotel by the sea is just the place to enjoy the feel of Caribbean sand. While adults can be organized to visit Punta Cana, go golfing and go swimming, kids will love the kids’ club and the kids’ pool. A range of meals from Mexican flavor (味道) to Asian and French flavor are offered there, making this hotel stand out. Need more good news? There’s a spa to really get adults in the vacation mood.Hilton Nassau HotelIn the Nassau’s shopping district, this hotel is perfectly located to explore the nearby island, Prince George Wharf. Families can be guided to go to Bay Street for shopping or to the historic landmarks like Rawson Square. Then, return to the hotel’s pool bar for dining and overlooking Nassau Harbor and Paradise Island. The kids’ menu and high chairs make family dining a treat, especially since kids eat for free.Club Med La CaravelleThis hotel, on the Caribbean island of Grand Terre in Guadeloupe, is ideal for sporty family. You’ll find a pool, tennis courts, a gym, and a kids’ club where the activities’ schedule is brilliantly packed to keep your little ones busy all day.Sugar Bay ResortYou can feel right at home on your private balcony in this 31-acre property. Those who prefer a little action can catch a game of tennis in the gym, or even try surfing or jet skiing. No passport is required to visit the US Virgin Islands. Kids’ club is available for those who prefer to stay indoors.1．What makes eating in the Hilton Nassau Hotel more pleasant?A．Its high chairs.B．Treating friends.C．No charge for kids.D．The special-designed menu.2．In which hotel can tourists enjoy international foods?A．Dreams Palm Beach Hotel.B．Hilton Nassau Hotel.C．Club Med La Caravelle.D．Sugar Bay Resort.3．How is Sugar Bay Resort different?A．There are clubs and pools designed for kids.B．It offers a spa to relax tourists and kids.C．Tourists can visit the islands staying indoors.D．Tourists can experience great adventure.Grandma, almost ninety years old, sat weakly on the park bench. She didn’t move. She just sat with her head down staring at her hands.When I sat down beside her, she didn’t even notice me. I wondered if she was OK. So I asked her if she was OK. She raised her head, looked at me and said with a smile, “Yes, I’m fine .Thank you for asking me.” “I didn’t mean to disturb you, Grandma, but you were just sitting here staring at your hands and I wanted to make sure you were OK,” I explained to her.“Have you ever looked at your hands?” She asked.“I mean really looking at your hands.”I slowly opened my hands and stared down at them. And then I turned them over. No, I guess I had never really looked at my hands as I tried to figure out the point my grandma was making.Grandma smiled and told me the following story, “My hands put food in my mouth and clothes on my back. They tied my shoes and pulled on my boots. They held my husband and wiped my tears when he went off to war. They were uneasy when I tried to hold my newborn son. Decorated with my wedding band, they showed the world that I was married and loved someone special. They wrote my letters to him and shook when I buried my parents. They held my children and grandchildren and comforted my neighbors. They covered my face, combed my hair and washed the rest of my body. These hands are the mark of where I’ve been and the ruggedness of life.”I never look at my hands the same again. When my hands are hurt or when I touch the faces of my children and my husband, I think of my grandma. I know I can also create a bright future using my hands.4．The writer disturbed her grandma in order to know ________.A．what she was doing B．whether she understood the writerC．why she was staring at her hands D．if there was something wrong with her 5．What does the underlined word “ruggedness” in Paragraph 4 mean?A．Pleasure.B．Richness.C．Roughness.D．Excitement. 6．What can we know about the writer’s grandma?A．She is fond of telling stories.B．She treats others in a caring and helpful way.C．She loves telling stories in an interesting way.D．She prefers to talk with others about her friends.7．The author mentioned her grandma’s story to show that her grandma ________. A．couldn’t do anything as a result of her weak handsB．lived a poor life without any help of technologyC．felt very tired when dealing with life with her weak handsD．managed to go through many difficulties with her weak handsAngela Pozzi didn’t like seeing plastic trash washing up on the shore near her home in Bandon, Oregon. She wanted to unite her community to clean it up, so she started an organization and called it Washed Ashore: Art to Save the Sea.V olunteers help clean up Oregon’s 300 miles of shoreline. Then, using only plastics from the beach cleanup, Ms Pozzi and her staff and many, many volunteers create sculptures of sea animals. Ms Pozzi says, “I want to create sculptures that, hopefully, will make people consider their plastic purchases and be aware of how so much plastic ends up in the oceans.”Since 2010, more than 10,000 volunteers have collected 21 tons of trash and helped create more than 70 works of art. Four traveling exhibits have displayed the sculptures in more than 18 places. Shedd Aquarium in Chicago, Illinois, hosted an exhibit through September 2018.People have used plastics to create life-saving medical devices, inexpensive containers and gadgets, and toys, of course. But unlike wood, cotton, and other natural materials, plastics don’t break down into anything useful to other living things. Instead, they stay for years in landfills, waterways, and the oceans. The materials are harmful to some sea animals, such as turtles, sea lions, and birds. Some of these creatures eat plastic objects that look like food. Others become entangled (被缠住) in plastic nets or packaging.Ms Pozzi gives credit to everyone who helps. “One person didn’t create these sculptures,”she says. “Some people have picked up the plastic; others have sorted the items by color. Still others have washed each piece of plastic trash. V olunteers have drilled holes or helped to make the small wire-stitched panels, while others welded (焊接) the giant frames. I do the heads and detail work, and my staff and I take all the pieces everyone contributes to finish the work.” Says Ms Pozzi, “Until we run out of plastic on the beach, the work will continue.”8．According to the passage, Washed Ashore ________.A．is an official organization B．collects plastics for moneyC．turns the waste into artworks D．aims to prevent the use of plastics 9．What do the numbers in Paragraph 3 mainly tell us?A．The long history of the organization.B．The accomplishments of the organization.C．The sculptures are popular in many places.D．Many people are in favour of the organization.10．Which can best describe plastics according to the passage?A．A double-edged sword.B．A threat to living things.C．More stable in landfills.D．Food for sea creatures.11．Why does Ms Pozzi introduce the specific process of creating the sculptures?A．To teach it to readers.B．To show its difficulty.C．Because she feels very proud.D．Because it is an art by teamwork.Do we still need cash? The days of holding notes in our hands may be numbered. The advancement of technology and the increase of new electronic and mobile device in today’s world is set to revolutionize how we make payments. With a swipe (刷) or a click of a mobile-phone app, our entire wealth is literally at our fingertips. As digital forms are increasingly replacing cash payments, some think that we should become fully cash-free. However, I do not believe we should move towards a completely cash-free society.One of the main concerns of a cashless world is the risk of cheat and ridiculously, the inconvenience that follows. The instant content that accompanies cashless transactions (处理) could be compromised by online security issues. Technology experts argue that our current state of technology is unable to provide a secure cashless environment that could prevent people from accessing the system illegally and abusing the personal data. In addition, many online shopping sites lack strong systems that would protect their customers’ personalcredentials (可信). Occasionally, when an account is “locked” due to a suspected cheating activity, having cash in hand becomes critical. In a cashless society, a victim of cheating would find himself locked out of his account and unable to access his money until the case is solved. Going cash-free causes great inconvenience in this case.Another reason is that mankind might potentially become less thrift (节俭的). Paying in cash causes a psychological pain on consumers so that they are more cautious in their spending. As it is, cashless payments have already eased that pain somewhat. Thus, an even more careless digital payment could make us much less thrift.The idea of cashless society is a very real, or even an exciting one. However, to safeguard the interests of all users, it is better to soften our enthusiasm — perhaps to be a less-cash society rather than a completely cashless one is a more working option.12．How can cashless payments benefit people according to the author?A．They can warn people of risks.B．They can remind people of mistakes.C．They can reduce psychological pain.D．They can make life convenient.13．What’s the second reason the author tells to support his idea?A．The risk of cheat.B．The inconvenience.C．The lack of safety.D．The desire to purchase.14．What’s the best title for the passage?A．Going Against the Cashless Wave B．Going Completely Cashless Is True C．Stopping Moving towards Cashless D．We Do Not Need Cash Any Longer 15．The passage is mainly developed by ________.A．giving examples B．analyzing causesC．making introductions D．examining differences二、七选五How to Be a Good Upstairs NeighborOne must remember to be polite when living in an apartment building. You may unintentionally bother your neighbors with actions that you think to be harmless. ____16____ Living upstairs, you must always be aware that everything you do may be heard by those wholive below. This doesn’t mean that you have to completely change your lifestyle, though.____17____ This will greatly reduce the sound of your footsteps, thus limiting the sound your downstairs neighbor will hear. You should always remember to change your shoes when entering your apartment to ensure that your downstairs neighbor doesn’t hear you walking around.Place carpets in your apartment if you have hardwood floors. Doing so is another way to decrease the sound of steps coming from an upstairs apartment. You can also put your furniture on these carpets. ____18____Close your windows when you can. A floor is usually about three meters high, so it’s quite easy to hear your conversations. ____19____ Therefore, whenever you are watching TV or listening to a radio, try to keep your windows closed as much as possible.Do your cleaning on weekend afternoons. ____20____ Doing such housework at 3:00 pm on a Saturday is much better than doing so at 9:30 on a Tuesday night.A．Wear slippers while in your upstairs apartment.B．It becomes much easier when your windows are open.C．No matter what you do, consider your neighbor’s requirements.D．There’ll be a time when you will run a cleaner to clean your room.E．This is especially true for those people who live above an apartment.F．It will disturb your downstairs neighbor who has to work the next morning.G．This keeps your furniture from moving around, thus limiting noise a downstairs neighbor may hear.三、完形填空Last week I wrote about how giving to others can and does lift your life and brings more happiness, contentment, and even better health and a longer life. It must have ____21____ me to practice what I was preaching (宣扬) because later I ____22____ myself in my car driving to the high school that all my kids attended and going ____23____ to the office where I made a pretty sizable donation.As I walked out of the building, I felt so good and happy in the ____24____ of my heart and brain that I ____25____ another school. I made a couple more ____26____ that day and felt like I was on top of the ____27____. It’s very ____28____ that when I make donations,including all those $2 bills that I ____29____ give to kids, I always feel that I _____30_____ much more out of it than the recipient (接受者). What a great _____31_____ it gives me! As science has proved, there is a great _____32_____ between the brain and the _____33_____. This allows us humans to help and _____34_____ our entire physical being by what we run through our heads. _____35_____ is one of those things that can set off a lot of good_____36_____ feelings in our bodies.Most of us, when we talk about giving, tend to think _____37_____ in terms of giving money. But there are so many other ways and things to give. With very little _____38_____, I came up with this list of things we can give to others that can be a _____39_____ help to those people and, at the same time, can give a _____40_____ to our brains, souls, and bodies. 21．A．attracted B．prohibited C．motivated D．allowed 22．A．found B．devoted C．committed D．dressed 23．A．suddenly B．specially C．well D．straight 24．A．presence B．center C．edge D．absence 25．A．got through B．registered for C．rolled over D．headed for 26．A．donations B．experiments C．predictions D．decisions 27．A．voice B．building C．-world D．mountain 28．A．surprising B．interesting C．annoying D．convincing 29．A．often B．purely C．simply D．deliberately 30．A．make B．share C．get D．change 31．A．shock B．feeling C．gift D．reward 32．A．difference B．restriction C．gap D．connection 33．A．body B．heart C．muscle D．ankle 34．A．handle B．improve C．spread D．block 35．A．Purchasing B．Organizing C．Giving D．Changing 36．A．official B．foreign C．familiar D．positive 37．A．fortunately B．constantly C．primarily D．eventually 38．A．effort B．contribution C．requirement D．chance 39．A．real B．legal C．formal D．huge 40．A．terminal B．lift C．train D．rest四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
洛阳市2021年高三语文一模试卷A卷
洛阳市2021年高三语文一模试卷A卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、选择题 (共1题；共6分)1. （6分）(2020·开封模拟) 阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
科学有什么用？这真的是个众口难调的问题。
知道地球围着太阳转有什么用？光合作用不会因为我们不知道这一点就停止，人类还是一样_________，知道电磁波有什么用？我们一样熟练地使用手机；一样用X光检查身体，_________健康。
这样的事情不胜枚举。
科学技术是第一生产力，这被历史和无数事实证明的伟大论断。
但是，这句话不能蠡测管窥地理解，认为“科学技术必须是生产力”或者“不能马上转化为生产力的科学技术就是无用的”。
布鲁诺绝不是因为预测到今天的人造卫星，才用生命捍卫“日心说”“新宇宙观”的；麦克斯韦当年做出关于电磁学的理论预测时，也肯定不会知道将开启一个新世界。
虽然今天的基础科学与应用科学不再_________，从科学发现到技术突破的时间也越来越短，但距离仍然存在。
从某种程度上说，科学的发展就是人类对自然认识不断加深的过程。
很多时候，科学研究的_________仅仅因为我们是人，有发现美的需求和满足好奇心的渴望。
因为人类的幸福感，（）。
也只有在对自然的不断认识中，我们才能更清楚地认识自我。
（1）依次填入文中横线处的词语，全都恰当的一项是（）A . 通宵达旦保障大相径庭归宿点B . 昼作夜息保障泾渭分明出发点C . 通宵达旦保证泾渭分明归宿点D . 昼作夜息保证大相径庭出发点（2）下列在文中括号内补写的语句，最恰当的一项是（）A . 不仅来自对更广袤、更深邃的精神世界的追求，还来自物质的满足B . 不是来自对更广袤、更深邃的精神世界的追求，而是来自物质的满足C . 不是来自物质的满足，而是来自对更广袤、更深邃的精神世界的追求D . 不仅来自物质的满足，还来自对更广袤、更深邃的精神世界的追求（3）文中画横线的句子有语病，下列修改最恰当的一项是（）A . 科学技术是第一生产力，是被历史和无数事实证明的伟大论断。
河南省洛阳市2020—2021学年度高三第一次统一考试数学(文)试题(解析版)
洛阳市2020—2021学年高中三年级第一次统一考试数学试卷（文）第Ⅰ卷一、选择题1. 已知集合{}0A x x =>，{}3B x x =≤，则集合A B =（ ）A. {}33x x -≤≤ B. {}30x x -≤< C. {}03x x <≤ D. {}3x x ≥-【答案】D 【解析】 【分析】先化简集合A ，B ，再进行并集运算即可.【详解】依题意，集合{}0A x x =>，{}33B x x =-≤≤，故{}3A B x x ⋃=≥-. 故选：D.2. 若复数()()112z i i =++，则其共轭复数z 在复平面内对应的点位于（ ） A. 第一象限 B. 第二象限C. 第三象限D. 第四象限【答案】C 【解析】 【分析】根据复数的乘法运算，化简复数z ，从而得出共轭复数z ，再根据复数在复平面上的点的表示，可得选项. 【详解】∵()()21121+3+21+3i z i i i i =++==-，∴13z i =--，则z 在复平面内对应的点的坐标为（13--，），位于第三象限． 故选：C ．3. 设数列{}n a 是等差数列，首项11a =，且34521a a a ++=，则数列{}n a 的前10项和等于（ ） A. 100 B. 84C. 42D. 10【答案】A 【解析】 【分析】根据等差数列的通项公式、求和公式计算即可求值.【详解】因为数列{}n a 是等差数列，11a =，34521a a a ++= 所以13921a d +=，11a =， 解得2d =， 所以10109102=1002S ⨯=+⨯， 故选：A4. 命题“x R ∀∈，2210x x ++>”的否定是（ ） A. 0x R ∃∈，使得200210x x ++> B. 0x R ∃∈，使得200210x x ++≤ C. x R ∀∈，2210x x ++≤ D. x R ∀∈，2210x x ++< 【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】根据全称命题与存在性命题的关系，准确书写，即可求解. 【详解】根据全称命题与存在性命题的关系，可得命题“x R ∀∈，2210x x ++>”的否定是“0x R ∃∈，使得200210x x ++≤”. 故选：B.5. 下列函数中最小正周期是π且图象关于直线6x π=对称的是（ ）A. 2sin 26y x π⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭B. 2cos 26y x π⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭C. 2cos 23x y π⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭ D. 2sin 23y x π⎛⎫=-⎪⎝⎭【答案】A 【解析】 【分析】确定函数周期，再判断对称性．可得结论．【详解】由三角函数周期性知，C 中函数最小正周期是2412ππ=，其他三个函数的最小正周期都是22ππ=，把6x π=代入A 有2sin 2266y ππ⎛⎫=⨯+= ⎪⎝⎭是最大值，因此6x π=是函数图象的对称轴； 代入B中有2cos 266y ππ⎛⎫=⨯-= ⎪⎝⎭不是最值，因此6x π=不是函数图象的对称轴； 代入D 中有2sin 2063y ππ⎛⎫=⨯-= ⎪⎝⎭，不是最值，6x π=是函数图象的对称轴；． 故选：A ．【点睛】关键点点睛：本题考查函数的周期性与对称性．对于三角函数()sin()f x A x ωϕ=+，可以结合正弦函数的性质求出对称轴和对称中心，如利用,2x k k Z πωϕπ+=+∈求得对称轴，利用,x k k Z ωϕπ+=∈求得对称中心坐标，再判断，也可用代入法，即若0()f x 是函数的最值（最大值或最小值），则0x x =是对称轴，若0()0f x =，则0(,0)x 是对称中心．6. 设a 、b 是两条不同的直线，α、β是两个不同的平面，则下列命题中正确的是（ ） A. 若a 平行于α内的无数条直线，则//a α B. 若//a α，//a b ，则b 平行于α内的无数条直线 C. 若αβ⊥，a α⊂，b β⊂，则a b ⊥ D. 若//a α，αβ⊥，则a β⊥ 【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】根据空间线面间平行与垂直的位置关系判断．【详解】当a α⊂时，α内也有无数条直线与a 平行，A 错；//a α，则α内有无数条直线与a 平行，而//a b ，那么这无数条直线中最多有一条与b 重合，其它的都与b 平行，B 正确；αβ⊥，a α⊂，b β⊂，a 与b 可能平行可能垂直，C 错；//a α，αβ⊥，则也可能有//a β，D 错误．故选：B ．7. 已知双曲线的焦点在x 轴上，焦距为4，且一条渐近线方程为y =，则双曲线的标准方程是（ ）A. 2213x y -=B. 2213y x -=C. 2213y x -=D. 2213x y -=【答案】C 【解析】 【分析】设双曲线的标准方程为()222210,0x y a b a b-=>>，c =，根据已知条件可得出关于a 、b 的方程组，解出这两个量的值，由此可解得双曲线的标准方程.【详解】设双曲线的标准方程为()222210,0x y a b a b-=>>，c ，由已知条件可得20c ba a ⎧==⎪⎪=⎨⎪>⎪⎩，解得1a b =⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩， 因此，该双曲线的标准方程为2213y x -=.故选：C.8. 已知圆O ：224x y +=交x 轴正半轴于点P ，在圆O 上随机取一点Q ，则使2PQ <成立的概率为（ ） A.16B.13C.12D.23【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】首先根据题意画出图形，再结合图形，利用几何概型公式即可得到答案. 【详解】如图所示：若当点Q 在1Q 和2Q 位置时，122PQ PQ ==. 又因为122OQ OQ OP ===，所以1OPQ △和2OPQ △为等边三角形，即1223Q OQ π∠=. 故2PQ <成立的概率2213223P ππ⨯==⨯. 故选：B9. 在ABC 中，2AB =，23A π=，()AB t AC t R -∈的最小值是（ ） A. 1 B.2 C.3D. 2【答案】C 【解析】 【分析】设AD t AC =，则D 在直线AC 上，AB t AC DB -=，易知BD 最小时BD AC ⊥，由此可得结论． 【详解】设AD t AC =，则D 在直线AC 上，AB t AC AB AD DB -=-=，显然当BD AC ⊥时，BD 最小，如图，此时sin 33BD AB π==．故选：C ．【点睛】关键点点睛：本题考查向量模的最小值，解题关键是根据向量的线性运算，把AB t AC -转化为点B 到直线AC 上点的距离，由此易得最小值．10. 若函数()3211232x b f ax xc x =+++在()0,1上取得极大值，在()1,2上取得极小值，则31b a --的取值范围是（ ） A. 1,12⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭B. 31,2⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭C. 1,22⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭D. 13,22⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭【答案】D 【解析】【分析】求导后导函数为二次函数，根据极值的条件得到关于,a b 的不等式组，利用线性规划方法，画出可行域，将所求式子的值看做区域上点与定点的连线的斜率，根据直线斜率的变化规律求得取值范围. 【详解】∵()3211232x b f ax x c x =+++ ()22f x x ax b ∴=++'∵函数f (x )在()0,1上取得极大值，在()1,2上取得极小值，()()()001020f f f ''⎧'>⎪∴<⎨⎪>⎩，即021020b a b a b >⎧⎪++<⎨⎪++>⎩， 在直角坐标系aOb 中画出不等式组所表示的区域如图所示：这是由()()()2,0,1,0,3,1A B C ---为顶点的三角形及其内部区域，31b a --可看作区域上点(),P a b 与点()1,3M 的连线的斜率， 结合图形可知313,122b a -⎛⎫∈ ⎪-⎝⎭故选：D【点睛】本题考查利用导数研究函数的极值和简单线性规划问题，属小综合题.关键点在于求得导函数后，结合二次函数的性质和函数取得极大值和极小值的条件，得到()()()001020f f f '''⎧>⎪<⎨⎪>⎩,得到a ,b ,c 满足的不等式组.然后解决由多个二元一次不等式组构成的条件下求表达式的取值范围问题，常见直线型目标函数，斜率型目标函数和距离型目标函数，利用数形结合方法求解是常用的思路.11. 已知1F ，2F 是椭圆2212516x y +=的左、右焦点，P 是椭圆上任意一点，过1F 引12F PF ∠的外角平分线的垂线，垂足为Q ，则Q 与短轴端点的最近距离为（ ） A. 1 B. 2C. 4D. 5【答案】A 【解析】 【分析】根据角平分线的性质和椭圆的定义可得OQ 是12F F M △的中位线， ||5OQ a ==，可得Q 点的轨迹是以O 为圆心，以5为半径的圆，由此可得选项.【详解】因为P 是焦点为1F ，2F 的椭圆2212516x y +=上的一点，PQ 为12F PF ∠的外角平分线，1QF PQ ⊥，设1F Q 的延长线交2F P 的延长线于点M ，所以1||||PM PF =，12212210,PF PF a MF PF PF +==∴=+，所以由题意得OQ 是12F F M △的中位线，所以||5OQ a ==，所以Q 点的轨迹是以O 为圆心，以5为半径的圆，所以当点Q 与y 轴重合时， Q 与短轴端点取最近距离54 1.d =-= 故选：A .12. 定义在R 上的函数()f x 满足()()2sin f x f x x --=，当0x ≥时，()1f x '>，若()sin sin 33f t f t t t ππ⎛⎫⎛⎫--≤+- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭，则实数t 的取值范围是（ ）A. ,3π⎡⎫+∞⎪⎢⎣⎭ B. ,3π⎛⎤-∞ ⎥⎝⎦C. ,6π⎡⎫+∞⎪⎢⎣⎭D. ,6π⎛⎤-∞ ⎥⎝⎦【答案】D 【解析】 【分析】构造函数()()sin g x f x x =-，已知条件可得()g x 是偶函数，在[0,)+∞上递增，不等式化为()3g t g tπ⎛⎫≤- ⎪⎝⎭，然后由单调性可求解． 【详解】设()()sin g x f x x =-，因为()()2sin f x f x x --=，所以()()sin()()sin ()sin()()g x f x x f x x f x x g x -=---=-+=-=，所以()g x 是偶函数，0x ≥时，()1f x '>，则()()cos 0g x f x x ''=->，所以()g x 在[0,)+∞上是增函数．不等式()sin sin 33f t f t t t ππ⎛⎫⎛⎫--≤+-⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭可化()sin sin 33f t t f t t ππ⎛⎫⎛⎫-≤--- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭，即()3g t g t π⎛⎫≤- ⎪⎝⎭，由()g x 是偶函数得()3g t g t π⎛⎫≤- ⎪⎝⎭，而()g x 在[0,)+∞上是增函数，所以3t t π≤-，解得6t π≤．故选：D ．【点睛】本题考查函数的奇偶性与单调性，解题关键是构造新函数()()sin g x f x x =-，已知条件推导出()g x 的性质：偶函数，在[0,)+∞是递增，不等式化为与()g x 有关的不等式，应用偶函数定义和单调性质可求解．第Ⅱ卷二、填空题13. 已知函数()201,0x f x x x≥=⎨-<⎪⎩，则()4f =______．【解析】【分析】根据解析式直接求解即可.【详解】因为()2,01,0xxf xxx⎧≥⎪=⎨-<⎪⎩，所以(4)2f=，故答案：214. 已知角α的终边过点()2,1-，则sin cosαα的值是______．【答案】25-【解析】【分析】根据角α终边上的点()2,1-，利用三角函数的定义计算正余弦，即得结果.【详解】角α的终边过点()2,1-，sin5α=，cos5α=，故sin cos5525αα=-⨯=. 故答案为：25-.15. 一个几何体的三视图如图所示，则该几何体的体积为______．【答案】12【解析】画出该几何体的直观图,根据椎体体积公式13V Sh =即可求解. 【详解】根据三视图，该几何体的直观图为四棱锥1-D AECD .故该几何体的体积()121111=1=3322V Sh +⨯=⨯. 故答案为：12. 【点睛】三视图的题目重点在于能否准确还原几何体，对于一些棱柱，棱锥等几何体可借助长方体还原. 16. 在ABC 中，a ，b ，c 分别是角A ，B ，C 的对边，若()tan 2tan 0b A b c B +-=．且ABC 的中线3AP =b c +的最大值是______． 【答案】4 【解析】 【分析】利用切化弦得到()sin sin sin sin 2sin 0cos cos A BBB C A B+-=，再由正弦定理得到sin cos sin cos 2sin cos sin A B B A C A C +==，即3A π=，利用向量得到()()()222124AP AB ACAB AC ⎡⎤=++⋅⎢⎥⎣⎦，再由基本不等式可得答案.【详解】因为()tan 2tan 0b A b c B +-=，所以()sin sin 20cos cos A Bb bc A B+-=， 由正弦定理得()sin sin sin sin 2sin 0cos cos A BBB C A B+-=，0B ≠， 化简得sin cos sin cos 2sin cos sin A B B A C A C +==，0C ≠，所以1cos 2A =，0A π<<，所以3A π=， 因为()12AP AB AC =+，所以()()()222124AP AB ACAB AC ⎡⎤=++⋅⎢⎥⎣⎦即()()2222211132cos 4344b c b c b c b c b c b c π⎛⎫⎡⎤=++⋅=++⋅=+-⋅ ⎪⎣⎦⎝⎭ ()()22144b c b c ⎡⎤+≥+-⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦，即4b c +≤，当且仅当b c =时等号成立， 故答案为：4.【点睛】本题考查利用正弦定理、三角形性质解三角形，关键点是利用正弦定理得到3A π=和()12AP AB AC =+得到()2134b c b c ⎡⎤=+-⋅⎣⎦，可考查学生的分析问题能力，解决问题的能力及运算求解能力.三、解答题 （一）必考题：17. 已知数列{}n a 的首项12a =，前n 项和为n S 且满足()1*22N n n a S n +=+∈．（1）求数列{}n a 的通项公式；（2）若()3log 1n n n b a S =⋅+，求数列{}n b 的前项和n T ．【答案】（1）123n n a -=⋅；（2）11322n n T n ⎛⎫=-⋅+ ⎪⎝⎭.【解析】 【分析】（ 1）由122n n a S +=+，可得122n n a S -=+，两式相减可化为()132n n a a n +=≥，可得数列{}n a 是首项为2，公比为3的等比数列，从而可得结果； （2）由（1）可得()13log 123n n n n b a S n -=⋅+=⋅，利用错位相减法，结合等比数列的求和公式可得数列{}n b 的前n 项和nT.【详解】（1）∵*N n ∈时，122n n a S +=+，∴当2n ≥时，122n n a S -=+． 两式相减得：()132n n a a n +=≥． 又12a =， 21226a a =+=，∴213a a =∴{}n a 是首项为2，公比为3的等比数列．从而123n n a -=⋅． （2）∵123n n a -=⋅， ∴123nn a +=⋅，31nn S =-，∴()13log 123n n n n b a S n -=⋅+=⋅．∴011123234323n n n T b b b b n -=+++⋅⋅⋅+=⋅+⋅+⋅⋅⋅+⋅ ①∴23234323nn T n =⋅+⋅+⋅⋅⋅⋅ ②． ①-②，得：011223232323n n n T n --=⋅+⋅+⋅⋅⋅+⋅-⋅()011233323n n n -=⋅++⋅⋅⋅+-⋅ 1322313nn n -=⋅-⋅-3123n n n =--⋅∴11322n n T n ⎛⎫=-⋅+ ⎪⎝⎭．【点睛】错位相减法求数列的和是重点也是难点，利用“错位相减法”求数列的和应注意以下几点：①掌握运用“错位相减法”求数列的和的条件（一个等差数列与一个等比数列的对应项的积）；②相减时注意最后一项的符号；③求和时注意项数别出错；④最后结果一定不能忘记等式两边同时除以1q -. 18. 如图，在三棱柱111ABC A B C -中，侧面11AA C C ⊥底面ABC ，160C CA ∠=︒，AB AC ⊥，12AC AB AA ===．（1）求证：11CA BC ⊥；（2）求三棱柱111ABC A B C -的侧面积． 【答案】（1）证明见解析；（2）42723++ 【解析】 【分析】（1）先根据题意得出侧面11ACC A 是菱形，得出对角线垂直，再由侧面11AA C C ⊥底面ABC 得出AB ⊥平面11AAC C ，进而得到1CA ⊥平面1C AB ，由线面垂直即可得到线线垂直； （2）依次求出11BCC B S，11BAA B S，1ACC AS，再相加即可.【详解】解：（1）如图所示：连接1AC ， ∵1AC AA =，∴侧面11ACC A 是菱形， ∴11AC CA ⊥，∵侧面11AA C C ⊥底面ABC ，且平面ABC平面11AAC C AC =，AB AC ⊥，∴AB ⊥平面11AAC C ， 又∵1CA ⊂平面11AAC C ， ∴1CA AB ⊥， 又1AC AB A =，∴1CA ⊥平面1C AB ，又1BC ⊂平面1C AB ，∴11CA BC ⊥；（2）如上图：设棱CA 的中点为D ，连1C D ，BD ， 则1C D AC ⊥，∴1C D ⊥底面ABC ．从而1C D BD ⊥， 由160C CA ∠=︒，12AC AB AA ===， 得：1AD =，1C =∴2222221118BC BD DC BA AD DC =+=++=，在1BCC 中，由余弦定理得:2221111cos 24BC CC BC BCC BC CC +-∠==⋅，即1sin 4BCC ∠=，∴1111sin BCC B SCB CC BCC =⋅∠=，由（1）知AB ⊥平面11AAC C ， ∴1AA AB ⊥，1114BAA B S AB AA =⋅=，又11ACC ASCA C D =⋅=∴三棱柱111ABC A B C -的侧面积为4+．【点睛】关键点点睛：对于线面，线线，面面位置关系熟记线面平行与垂直、面面平行与垂直的判定定理以及性质定理是关键.19. 设抛物线C ：()220y px p =>的焦点为F ，点()4,P m 是抛物线C 上一点，且5PF =．（1）求抛物线C 的方程；（2）设直线l 与抛物线C 交于A 、B 两点，若OA OB ⊥（O 为坐标原点）．求证：直线l 过定点． 【答案】（1）24y x =；（2）证明见解析. 【解析】 【分析】（1）利用抛物线定义求出2p =，得到抛物线C 的方程；（2）设直线l 的方程为x ty s =+，代入抛物线方程得2440y ty s --=，设()11,A x y ，()22,B x y ，利用韦达定理和OA OB ⊥得4s =利用直线系方程推出过定点． 【详解】（1）∵()4,P m 是抛物线C 上一点，且5PF =．∴452p+=， 解得2p =，即抛物线C 的方程为24y x =.（2）设直线l 的方程为x ty s =+，()11,A x y ，()22,B x y ，由24x ty s y x=+⎧⎨=⎩消去x 得2440y ty s --=， 则124y y t +=，124y y s ⋅=-．因为OA OB ⊥，所以12120x x y y ⋅+⋅=，即221212044y y y y ⋅+⋅=．化简得1216y y ⋅=-．由416s -=-得4s =，所以直线l 的方程为4x ty =+， 所以直线l 经过定点()4,0．【点睛】本题考查抛物线的标准方程，直线与抛物线的位置关系，关键点是利用韦达定理和OA OB ⊥得到4s =，考查学生的分析问题解决问题能力和计算能力.20. 某校高一年级学生全部参加了体育科目的达标测试，现从中随机抽取40名学生的测试成绩，整理数据并按分数段[)40,50，[)50,60，[)60,70，[)70,80，[)80,90，[]90,100进行分组，已知测试分数均为整数，现用每组区间的中点值代替该组中的每个数据，则得到体育成绩的折线图如下：（1）若体育成绩大于或等于70分的学生为“体育良好”，已知该校高一年级有1000名学生，试估计该校高一年级学生“体育良好”的人数；（2）为分析学生平时的体育活动情况，现从体育成绩在[)60,70和[)80,90的样本学生中随机抽取2人，求所抽取的2名学生中，至少有1人为“体育良好”的概率；（3）假设甲、乙、丙三人的体育成绩分别为a ，b ，c ，且[)60,70a ∈，[)70,80b ∈，[)80,90c ∈，当三人的体育成绩方差2s 最小时，写出a ，b ，c 的值（不要求证明）. 注：2222121()()()n s x x x x x x n ⎡⎤=-+-++-⎣⎦，其中121()n x x x x n=+++.【答案】（1）750人. （2）()910P A =. （3）79,84,90a b c ===或79,85,90a b c ===. 【解析】试题分析：（1）由折线图知，样本中体育成绩大于或等于70分的学生有30人，由此能求出该校高一年级学生中，“体育良好”的学生人数．（2）设“至少有1人体育成绩在[60，70）”为事件M ，记体育成绩在[60，70）的学生为A 1，A 2，体育成绩在[80，90）的学生为B 1，B 2，B 3，由此利用列举法能求出在抽取的2名学生中，至少有1人体育成绩在[60，70）的概率．（3）由题意，能写出数据a ，b ，c 的方差s 2最大时，a ，b ，c 的值． 解答： 试题解析：（1）体育成绩大于或等于70分的学生有30人，100030=75040⨯人 （2）设“至少有1人体育良好”为事件A ，总共有10种组合，则()910P A =. （3）当数据,,a b c 的方差2s 最小时, 79,84,90a b c ===或79,85,90a b c ===.21. 已知函数()()1xe f x a x e x=+--．（1）当0a =时，求函数()f x 的极值；（2）当0a >时，证明：()f x 在()0,1上存在唯一零点． 【答案】（1）极小值0，无极大值；（2）证明见解析. 【解析】 【分析】（1）当0a =时，求导判断单调性即可求出极值；（2）通过构造出一个新函数,讨论新函数的零点以证明原函数零点的唯一性.【详解】（1）当0a =时，()x e f x e x =-，()f x 的定义域为()(),00,-∞⋃+∞，()()21x e x f x x-'=由()0f x '>得1x >，由()0f x '<得1x <，且0x ≠，∴()f x 在()1,+∞上单调递增，在(),0-∞，()0,1上单调递减． ∴当1x =时，()f x 取得极小值()10f =，无极大值． （2）证明：当()0,1x ∈时，()()()2100xx e f x a x e e ax a e x x=+--=⇔+-+=．令()()2xg x e ax a e x =+-+，则()f x 在()0,1上的零点即()g x 在()0,1上的零点()2x g x e ax a e '=+--，令()()2xh x g x e ax a e '==+--，则()2xh x e a '=+．当0a >时，则()0h x '>，∴()()h x g x '=在区间()0,1上单调递增． 又()()0010h g a e '==--<，()()110h g a '==>， ∴存在()00,1x ∈使得()()000h x g x '==， ∴当()00,x x ∈时，()0g x '<，()g x 单调递减； 当()0,1x x ∈时，()0g x '>，()g x 单调递增． 又因为()01g =，()()010g x g <=， ∴在()00,x x ∈上()g x 存在一个零点， 在()0,1x x ∈上()g x 没有零点，∴()g x 在()0,1上存在唯一零点，即()f x 在()0,1上存在唯一零点． 【点睛】函数极值点无法求出时，采用隐零点解决.（二）选考题选修4—4：极坐标与参数方程22. 在直角坐标系xOy 中，直线l的参数方程为2x ty ⎧=-⎪⎨=-+⎪⎩（t 为参数），以坐标原点O 为极点，x 轴正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系，曲线C 的极坐标方程为2sin 4cos ρθθ=． （1）求直线l 的普通方程与曲线C 的直角坐标方程； （2）已知点P的直角坐标为)，过点P 作直线l 的垂线交曲线C 于D 、E 两点（D 在x 轴上方），求11PD PE-的值． 【答案】（170y -+=；24y x =；（2【解析】 【分析】（1）利用直线参数方程消去参数即得直线的普通方程，曲线极坐标方程两边同时乘以ρ，利用cos x ρθ=，cos y ρθ=即得曲线的直角坐标方程；（2）根据点P 坐标写直线DE 的参数方程，代入曲线C 的直角坐标方程得关于t 的一元二次方程，利用韦达定理求11PD PE-的值即可. 【详解】解：（1）由2x ty ⎧=-⎪⎨=-+⎪⎩，消去参数t70y -+=，即直线l70y -+=； 由2sin 4cos ρθθ=得22sin 4cos ρθρθ=， ∵cos x ρθ=，cos y ρθ=，∴24y x =， 即曲线C 的直角坐标方程24y x =；（2）依题意，设直线DE的参数方程为212x t y t ⎧=⎪⎪⎨⎪=⎪⎩（t 为参数），代入24y x =得20t +-=，设点D 对应的参数为1t ，点E 对应的参数为2t，则12t t +=-12t t =-，且D 在x 轴上方，有10t >，20t <．故12121212111111t t PD PE t t t t t t +-=-=+===， 即11PD PE -的值为4. 【点睛】思路点睛：参数方程法研究直线与曲线交于两点求弦长、距离、面积等问题时，将直线的参数方程代入曲线的一般方程得到关于t 的一元二次方程，再利用韦达定理计算求解即可.选修4—5：不等式选讲23. （1）已知a 、b 、c 是正数，且满足1ab bc ac ++=，求证a b c ++≥（2）已知a 、b 是正数，且满足1a b +=2≤． 【答案】（1）证明见解析；（2）证明见解析. 【解析】 【分析】（1）本题可通过基本不等式得出222a b c ab bc ac ++≥++，进而得出()()23a b c ab bc ac ++≥++，最后根据1ab bc ac ++=即可证得不等式成立； （2）本题可通过柯西不等式证得不等式成立.【详解】（1）因为222a b ab +≥，222b c bc +≥，222a c ac +≥， 所以()2222222a b c ab bc ac ++≥++，当且仅当a b c ==时取等号，则222a b c ab bc ac ++≥++，()()23a b c ab bc ac ++≥++， 因为1ab bc ac ++=，所以()23a b c ++≥，a b c ++≥（2）因为1a b +=，所以由柯西不等式得()2111122a b ⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫≤++++ ⎪ ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎝⎭⎣⎦()214a b =++=（当且仅当12a b ==时取等号），2. 【点睛】关键点点睛：本题考查不等式的证明，主要考查基本不等式和柯西不等式的应用，在使用基本不等式和柯西不等式要注意取等号的情况，考查计算能力，考查转化与化归思想，是中档题.。
河南省洛阳市第一高级中学2020┄2021届高三下学期第一次高考综合模拟 英语试题
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）A.Below is a housing for students going to London.University accommodation （住所） officesMany university accommodation offices have their own list of registered landlords （房东）. Others also provide information on accommodation agencies and other housing organizations. The advantage of using your university accommodation is that you can get support if you have a problem. The disadvantage is that they are unlikely to have enough registered landlords to house all their students.Property papers：Loot and RentingLoot is an important source （来源） of information about private housing for co-renters. The offers are from private landlords, agencies and individuals looking for other co-renters. They also have a website：.The advantage of using Loot is that there are some excellent bargains. The disadvantage is that there is no quality control over the offers.Renting is another useful paper. The offers in this paper are mainly from accommodation agencies. Their website is at .Accommodation agenciesThe majority of rented accommodation in London is probably advertised through accommodation agencies. The advantage of using accommodation agencies is that you will have access to a large number of accommodations. A good agent will listen to your requirements and can save you time in looking for the right accommodation. The disadvantageis that they will make a range of charges to potential renters.NoticeboardsAround the universities you will find a number of noticeboards where offers of accommodation will be posted. These will either be from landlords or from students. Some universities will also have online noticeboards where students can advertise to other students. Advertisements from students can be an excellent way to find accommodation. However, advertisements from landlords can be problematic.Word of mouthSome of the best housing in London is never advertised but is passed on from one group of students to another by word of mouth. It might be that you can find out about good offers from final year students. However, don’t suppose that just because you have found out about housing from a friend it is necessarily going to be better than that found through any other source.FamilyFaced with the very high rents charged in London, some students and their parents will consider buying as an alternative. In some cases this might be a good choice.21. What is the advantage of using Loot？A. It has more offers from accommodation agencies than Renting.B. It gives you personal information about other co-renters.C. Their website is designed mainly for students.D. there are some good bargains.22. A good agent can help you ________.A. know more peopleB. find cheap accommodationC. get the right accommodation quicklyD. get free information about most accommodations23. The information passed on by word of mouth is important because________.A. it is better than that found through any other sourceB. it helps you find some of the best housing never advertisedC. the final year students always offer better informationD. the landlords have little valuable informationB（命题人：张若男）Driving to a friend’s house on a recent evening, I was attracted by the sight of the full moon rising just above my friend’s roof-tops. I stopped to watch it for a few moments, thinking about what a pity it was that most citizens, myself included, usually miss sights like this because we spend most of our lives indoors.My friend had also seen it. He grew up living in a forest in Europe, and the moon meant a lot to him then. It had touched much of his life.I know the feeling. Last December I took my seven-year-old daughter to the mountainous jungle of northern India with some friends. We stayed in a forest rest-house with no electricity or running hot water. Our group had campfires outside every night, and indoors when it was too cold outside. The moon grew to its fullest during our trip. Between me and the high mountains lay three or four valleys. Not a light shone in them and not a sound could be heard. It was one of the quietest places I have ever known, a bottomless well of silence. And above mewas the full moon, which struck me deeply.Today our lives are filled with glass, metal, plastic and fiber-glass. We have televisions, cellphones, papers, electricity, heaters and ovens and air-conditioners, cars, computers.Struggling through traffic that evening at the end of a tiring day, most of which was spent in doors, I thought that before long I would like to live in a small cottage. There I will grow vegetables and read books and walk in the mountains, and perhaps write, but not in anger. I may be come an old man there, and wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled and measure out my life in coffee spoons. But I will be able to walk o utside on a cold silent night and touch the moon.24.The best title for the passage would be ________.A. The pleasures of modern lifeB. Touched by the moonC. A bottomless well of silenceD. Break away from modern life25.What impressed the writer most in the mountainous jungle of northern India？A. No modern equipment.B. Complete silence.C. The nice moonlight.D. The high mountains.26. Modern things （Paragraph 4） are mentioned mainly to ________.A. show that the writer likes city life very muchB. tell us that people greatly benefit from modern lifeC. explain that people have less chances to enjoy natureD. show that we can also enjoy nature at home through them27.The author wrote the passage to ________.A. express the feeling of returning to natureB. show the love for the moonlightC. advise modern people to learn to liveD. want to communicate longing for modern lifeCIt has often been suggested that the ocean, rather than space ,is the true final frontier. From the extremely high pressure that threatens human lives to unknown geography that can injure people and machines alike, various things make sending human explorers hazardous. The deepest section of the ocean is the Marianas Trench, which begins at 20,000 feet. It has points where the depth approaches seven miles and the pressure reaches eight tons per square inch. That’s why the Marianas Trench remains largely unexplored to this day.Even knowing about all of the difficulties, however, some scientists feel the draw of the ocean’s depths. The environment, unfriendly though it may be to man, is friendly to others, allowing for the development of quite a few creatures not found anywhere else on the planet. The first exploration of the Marianas Trench’s floor took place in 1960. Since then, the cost of sending people back has been seen as too great.The goal, then, has been to find a way to learn about this frontier without risking the lives of explorers. One way that scientists have discovered new information is through the use of sonar. As sonar technology — a sound-based method of determining surroundings —hasimproved, scientists have been able to get more accurate maps of the ocean’s floor.Another method of exploration that has become more common in recent years is to use machines that have no people working inside them. These include underwater cameras and robots. The latter have become increasingly common in recent years.Although most of the robots used so far have been attached to a larger device with people aboard, the day when the robots can move independently may not be far off. As technology is being advanced, it seems quite likely that automatic robots will become more competent ocean floor explorers than humans.28. The underlined word “hazardous” in Paragraph 1 probably mean “_______”A. simpleB. riskyC. necessaryD. possible29. According to the passage, what do we know about the Marianas Trench？A. It has an average depth of 20,000 feet.B. It has become easy to send humans into it.C. There are many unique animals living in it.D. Many successful explorations of it have been made.30. Which of the following is most widely used to learn about this frontier？A. Sonar technology.B. Manned exploration.C. Underwater cameras.D. Underwater robots.31. What is the author’s attitude toward robotic exploration of the Marianas Trench？A. Optimistic.B. Doubtful.C. Curious.D. Worried.D（命题人：方利红）When social media first gained attention, I heard many people say online connectionscouldn’t possibly be real friends. But now the majority of the people I know consider at least some of their online friends to be like extended family, which made me wonder--- does social media actually encourage people to connect “in real life”？One example of online life translating into real-life interaction happens on Mashable’s Social Media Day, when thousands of people attend in-person meet-ups to celebrate the power of online connections. Another example is location-based apps that help users connect face to face by allowing them to see who else has checked in at the same store, restaurant, or party--- or even who is living in a city they plan to visit. They might then decide to seek each other out “in real life”.A Pew Internet and American Life Project （PIALA）report found that people using social networking sites have more close relationships and receive more support than others. They are also more likely to reconnect with old friends and keep up with those they are already close to. Other research shows that social media may also deepen what could otherwise be passing relationships. “What I find most interesting is that I’ve co nsistently seen that students who start a course being more introverted and not speaking up during class discussions become more outgoing and participate more when encouraged to commun icate through social media with their professors and their classmates,” said Dr. Rey Junco.However, if social media does increase the possibilities of real-life interaction, it can also sometimes complicate it. When fans of social media meet face to face, their computers and mobile devices may actually make the meeting less productive. Instead of looking at each other, they may be glued to their screens!32. The examples mentioned in Paragraph 2 are mainly used to show .A. it is necessary to make friends in real lifeB. it is inspiring to make friends whenever possibleC. the positive effects of social media have on peopleD. the good effects of Social Media Day and location-based apps have on people33. According to the PIALP report, online connections .A. can help people promote original relationshipsB. can help people become independentC. should keep pace with the timesD. should get more support from others34. The underlined word “introverted” in Paragraph 4 probably means “”.A. trustworthy and loyalB. unsocial and quietC. patient and modestD. nervous and disorganized35. What can we learn from the last paragraph？A. A friend in need is a friend indeed.B. Actions speak louder than words.C. Easier said than done.D. Everything is a double-edged sword.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）（命题人：张若男）Speed is an essential skill in the Internet age. We skim over articles and e-mails to try to grasp key words and the essential meaning of a certain text. Attacked with information fromour electronic devices, it would be impossible to cope if we read word by word, line by line. 36A recent story from The Wall Street Journal reported on a book club in Wellington, New Zealand, where members meet in a cafe and turn off their smart phones. They sink into cozy chairs and read in silence for an hour.Unlike traditional book clubs, the point of the slowing reading club isn’t exchanging ideas about a certain book. 37 According to the journal, the Wellington book club is just one example of a movement initiated by book lovers who miss the old-fashioned way of reading before the Internet and smart phones.Slow readers, such as The Atlantic’s Maura Kelly, say a regular reading habit sharpens the mind, improves concentration, reduces stress levels. 38Slow reading means a return to an uninterrupted pattern, in a quiet environment free of distractions. 39 “ You can squeeze in that half hour pretty easily if only dur ing your free moments—whenever you find yourself automatically firing up your laptop to check your favorite site, or scanning Twitter for something to pass the time— you pick up a meaning work of literature,” Kelly said. “40 Kindles make books like War and Peace less heavy, not less substantive（真实的）, and also ensure you will never lose your place.”A.Reach for your e-reader, if you like.B.Traditional book clubs are disappearing.C.But some of these benefits have been backed up by science.D.But a new trend calls on people to enjoy reading slowly.E.Aim for 30 minutes a day, advises Kelly from The Atlantic.F.It is to get away from electronic devices and r ead in a quiet, relaxed environment.G. Both speed-reading and slow-reading are greatly needed in reading articles and e-mails.第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）（命题人：李珍）However objective we believe ourselves to be, most of us do not judge a product only on the basis of its advantages, 41 its quality, value or style before making a decision. 42 , we are easily influenced by the people around us.There is nothing 43 with this. It is probably a smarter way to make decisions than relying on only our own 44 . But it does make life 45 for companies. They have long understood that groups of friends and relatives 46 to buy the same products, but understanding the 47 has been tricky. Is it because they are so similar with 48 to how much money they 49 and what television ads they watch that they 50 arrive at the same decision？Or do they 51 one another, perhaps 52 envy or perhaps because they have shared information about the products？Research in Finland recently found overwhelming 53 that neighbours have a big influence on buying 54 . When one of a person’s ten nearest neighbours bought a car, the 55 that that person would buy a car of the 56 brand during the next week and a half 57 by 86 percent. The researchers argued that it was not just a matter of envy. Used cars seemed to attract neighbours even more. This 58 that people were not trying to keep up with their neighbours, they were keen to 59 them. Since second-hand cars are less reliable, a（n） 60 of one can strongly influence a buying decision.41. A. recognizing B. considering C. appreciating D.introducing42. A. Otherwise B. However C. Instead D. Therefore43. A. normal B. funny C. scientificD. wrong44. A. opinions B. solutions C. actionsD. traditons45. A. happy B. hard C. fair D. simple46. A. fail B. agree C. pretendD. tend47. A. problems B. rules C. reasonsD. methods48. A. connection B. regard C. relationD. concern49. A. borrow B. make C. wasteD. need50. A. madly B. immediately C. hardlyD. independently51. A. help B. pay C. copyD. call52. A. out of B. for C. as toD. about53. A. excuses B. results C. commentD. evidence54. A. power B. decisions C. time D. approaches55. A. choices B. challenges C. chances D. changes56. A. best B. worst C. sameD. different57. A. raised B. rose C. enlarged D. extended58. A. suggested B. promised C. announced D. predicted59. A. argue with B. care about C. live with D. learn from60. A. effort B. permission C. recommendation D. feeling第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）（命题人：刘亚利）The teacher who did the most to encourage me was, __61__it happens, my aunt. She was Myrtle C. Manigault, __62__ wife of my mother’s brother Bill. She taught me in second grade at all-black Summer School in Camden, New Jersey.During my childhood and youth, Aunt Myrtle encouraged me to develop every aspect of mypotential, without regard for what__63__ （consider） practical and impossible for black females.I liked to sing; she listened to my voice and pronounced __64__ good. She took me to the theatre—not jus t children’s theatre __65__ adult comedies and dramas—and her faith __66__I could appreciate adult plays was not disappointed.Most important, perhaps, Aunt Myrtle provided my first opportunity to write for __67__（publish）. A writer herself for one of the black newspapers, she suggested my name __68__ the editor as a “youth columnist”. My column, __69__（begin）when I was fourteen, was supposed __70__ （cover）teenage social activities—and it did—but it also gave me the freedom to write on many other subjects.第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）（命题人：刘亚利）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。
2021届洛阳市第一中学高三语文第一次联考试题及参考答案
2021届洛阳市第一中学高三语文第一次联考试题及参考答案一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字，完成各题。
材料一：其实乡村工作的朋友说乡下人愚那是因为他们不识字。
我决不敢反对文字下乡的运动，可是如果说不识字就是愚，我心里总难甘服。
“愚”如果是智力的不足或缺陷，那么识字不识字并非愚不愚的标准。
识字是知识问题，不是智力问题。
智力是学习的能力。
如果一个人没有机会学习，不论他有没有学习的能力还是学不到什么的。
乡下孩子不像教授们的孩子到处看见书籍，这不是他们日常所混熟的环境。
教授们的孩子并不见得一定是遗传上有什么特别善于识字的能力，显而易见的却是有着易于识字的环境。
乡土社会的一个特点就是人是在熟人里长大的。
在社会学上称之为“面对面的社群”。
归有光的《项脊轩志》里说，他日常接触的老是那些人，所以日子久了可以用脚步声来辨别来者是谁。
在“面对面的社群”里甚至可以不必见面而知道对方是谁。
文字发生之初是“结绳记事”，是为了在空间和时间中人和人的接触发生了阻碍。
不能当面讲话，才需要找一些东西来代话。
比如“文字”。
一种双方约好代表一种意义的记号。
如果是面对面可以直接说话。
这种被预先约好的意义所拘束的记号，不但多余，而且有时会词不达意引起误会。
在面对面社群里，连语言本身都是不得已而采取的工具。
语言本是用声音来表达的象征体系。
在亲密社群中可用作象征体系的原料比较多。
表情、动作，因为在面对面的情境中，有时比声音更容易传情达意。
所以在提倡文字下乡的人，必须先考虑到文字和语言的基础，否则开几个乡村学校和使乡下人多识几个字，也许并不能使乡下人“聪明”起来。
从时间方面而言，文字的目的是帮助人的记忆。
在常常变动的环境中，记忆力不够时就需要这些外在的象征。
从语言变到文字，也就是从用声音来说词，变到用绳打结，用刀刻图，用笔写字，是出于我们生活从定型到不定型的过程中。
在都市中生活，一天到晚接触着陌生面孔的人才需要姓名录、通信簿。
2020-2021学年洛阳市第一中学高三语文第一次联考试题及答案解析
2020-2021学年洛阳市第一中学高三语文第一次联考试题及答案解析一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的小说，完成下列小题。
云中的红围巾郝明连长放下手中的高倍军用望远镜，揉了揉眼睛。
瞭望塔外漫长的边境线上，除了铁丝网和柱桩上还能看到些许黑色，剩下就是满眼的雪白，刺得眼睛生疼。
“报告连长，军区正午时分将有物资抵达！”连长转过身，接过通信员手里的电报本，签上字，回敬了军礼。
“这几场暴风雪呀!”连长心里有些感慨。
在内蒙古二连浩特驻守了快二十年了，这是他见过的最大的几场雪了。
运输道路都被齐人深的积雪填埋，推雪机没日没夜地在抢挖，但等挖到这里，估计要年后了。
往年军区都是提前几天就把慰问物资运到，今年也不知为什么耽误了。
看着瞭望塔外的天空，灰蒙蒙的阴云像一群无人看管的野马，又在慢慢地压低地面并随风移动着，“做好接收准备。
”“是!”通信员答道，“连长，班里的战士们还有一个特殊的准备呢。
”通信员有些神秘的笑。
“什么准备？要注意安全，年三十了，可以搞点创新。
”连长有些心疼地望着通信员。
这帮二十出头的小伙子，来自全国的各个省市，头一次在最前沿的萨麦哨所过年，他希望新兵们能过好头一个春节。
在回营房的路上，连长几次从军大衣兜里拿出手机，又几次放回去。
过年的这个电话怎么打呢？他是亏欠这个家的，平时照顾不到，就连过年，他不是有任务在身，就是把回家的机会让给下级，今年又不能好好陪家人了。
连长此刻的心，就像是自己脚底下踩着的莹白积雪，正发出嘎吱嘎吱的断裂声。
正午时分，连长站在营房前，他望着草原异常寒冷的天空，乌云黑压压堆成整坨厚铁，正准备压向地面，压向屋顶，仿佛所到之处，一切都会被碾压成扁扁的形状。
“通信员，停机坪提前做好准备！”“是!”通信员接到命令，快步跑向指挥中心，他隐隐约约看到远处天空中一架军用直升机像只小蜻蜓般往这里飞来。
“报告机长，目前积云层覆盖严重，地面风速50km/h，顶风25km/h……”副驾拿着记录本，神色凝重地望着机长，并且偷偷瞄了一眼后排坐着的霞姐和孩子，两人正一无所知地望着窗外飞来飞去的云彩在指指点点。
2020-2021学年洛阳市第二十三中学高三语文一模试题及答案
2020-2021学年洛阳市第二十三中学高三语文一模试题及答案一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面文字，完成下面小题。
母亲的心愿北方“麻警官，您母亲又闹着要出小区，倒是没在小区里翻垃圾箱捡垃圾。
这都第四次了，我们劝不住，疫情的严重性您是知道的，怎么说她就是不听。
知道您忙，可我们实在没办法，只能找您了。
”“我早晨过去又说了说，怎么还闹呢？吃喝都给她准备得很充足，口罩也买了。
”麻利锋刚上卡点，母亲居住的社区张主任就打来电话。
昨天张主任就为麻利锋母亲要出去给他打了半个小时的电话，最后还是麻利锋亲自回去，才把母亲拦住了。
母亲越来越不听劝了。
麻利锋最初担心母亲患上了阿尔茨海默症（即老年痴呆症），带她到市医院彻底检查，结果显示所有数据正常。
大夫说人上了岁数，性格发生变化也不奇怪。
父亲在世时，母亲买菜做饭收拾屋子，还要伺候腿脚不便的父亲，每天不得闲，几乎不用麻利锋操心。
自从父亲去世后，母亲似乎就变了，主要表现是话少了，还总爱在小区的垃圾箱里翻捡废品。
纸箱、矿泉水瓶、废报纸、泡沫板……只要是废品回收站要的，母亲一样也不会漏掉。
起初，听小区门房的梁姨说过几次，好似母亲抢了人家的生意，话说得客气但不好听。
麻利锋似信非信，家里见不到任何废品的影子呢。
他忙得顾不上，就让老婆去盯了两次，果然看到身形瘦小的母亲踮着脚半截身子插在垃圾箱里，像个土拨鼠似地往外捡废品。
母亲被抓了现行后，更加无所顾忌了。
梁姨被进出的车辆登记收费拖住了手脚，只能眼睁睁地看着目标落入母亲的手中，碍于麻利锋的面子，再生气也不好明目张胆地夺回自己的地盘。
母亲是市五小退休教师，每月工资五千多。
麻利锋问她，缺钱吗？不缺。
为啥捡垃圾？那不是垃圾，是能回收利用的废品，找点事干。
麻利锋劝说多次无效，也不能整天看着她老人家。
“老妈，无论如何都不能出门呀！”麻利锋下卡点后急急忙忙赶回家，母亲趴在客厅的窗台上看着外面，他进门也没搭理。
麻利锋从母亲的视线角度看去，正好有三个垃圾箱，“正在疫情爆发期，您的身体又那么弱。
2020-2021学年洛阳外国语学校高三英语一模试题及答案
2020-2021学年洛阳外国语学校高三英语一模试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ABird migration is described as the regular, seasonal movement of bird populations from one place to another and back again.The longer days and rich food of the northern summer provide greater chances for birds to feed their young. The longer daylight hours and enormous food resources allow birds to lay larger eggs than those of related non-migratory species that remain in the tropics all year round. As the days shorten in autumn and the breeding period is over, the birds return to warmer regions where the available food supply differs little with the seasons changing. The advantages of migration make up for the high stress, physical exertion（消耗）, and other risks of the migration.Day length is the primary environmental factor that encourages birds to prepare for migration. They have an increased appetite which results in weight gaining, giving them the fat reserves that provide energy for their migratory flight. They also show more activity at night, which is when most birds migrate. While the length of day is the primary reason for migration, birds also respond to temperature changes. For example, if a spring is late and the temperature is lower than normal, birds delay migration; if a spring is early, birds also begin migration early.The timing of the migratory cycle must allow birds to arrive on the breeding site so that there is time tobuild a breeding place, mate, lay the eggs, and hatch the young before the rich food is available to feed the young in the nest. Similarly, if birds wait until the climate in their northern breeding grounds becomes tolerable(可忍受的), there will be no time togain the necessary weight that provides the energy needed for their southbound migration.1. Why do birds migrate to the north in spring?A The temperature in the south has risen.B. They like traveling and enjoy the journey.C. The summer there is warmer than that in the south.D. The environment there is more suitable for them to feed their baby birds.2. What are the two factors that cause birds to migrate?A. Day length and food supply.B. Night length and high stress.C. Temperature changes and daylength.D. Food supply and temperature changes.3. Which can be the best title for the text?A. Birds' LifeB. Birds' MigrationC. Birds' Breeding HabitsD. Birds' Living EnvironmentBShe is one of mankind’s oldest ancestors and is more than three million years old. New analysis of the arm bones of Lucy, an early hominid, suggests she was a tree climber. Lucy’s remains were uncovered in Ethiopia in the 1970s, with the 3.18 million-year-old skeleton(骨骼)being the most complete of any upright, walking human ancestor. Since she was discovered, researchers have debated whether she spent her life in the trees or spent time walking on the plains as well.The new evidence from scans of her arm bones proves she spent time climbing and used her arms to pull herself up. The scans were compared with cross sections of humans and chimpanzees, which spend a mixture of time in trees and walking on all fours on the ground. They found that the arm bones were more heavily built, similar to those of chimps, while her lower limbs(下肢)would have meant she walked less efficiently than modern humans. Professor John Kappelman, atUniversityofTexas, believes the advantage of his study was that it focused on characteristics that reflect actual behavior during life, suggesting that evenwhen Lucy walked upright, she may have done so less efficiently than modern humans, limiting her ability to walk long distances on the ground.Previous studies suggested that Lucy was just 4 feet tall and weighed just 65 pounds. Combining the new data paints a picture of an ancestor who may have spent a great amount of her time in trees. It also expands on evidence from earlier this year which claimed that Lucy may have died from a fall, most likely from a tree. The evidence suggests Lucy may have spent time on the ground, returning to the safety of the trees for food and to sleep, to avoid her enemies.4. What did the researchers argue about after Lucy was discovered?A. Where she lived.B. How long she lived.C. What she ate.D. How she worked.5. How could people tell Lucy spent time climbing?A. By her walking style.B. By her heavily built arm bones.C. By her strong lower limbs.D. By her large cross sections.6. When Lucy walked, she may________.A. have walked with bigger stepsB. have walked at a faster speedC. have walked more efficiently than usD. have walked a shorter distance than us7. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. Guesses about Lucy’s characteristics.B. Some evidence of Lucy’s health.C. The safety of Lucy.D. The ancestor of Lucy.CAbout a billion birds die from flying into buildings each year inNorth America. Suspicions havebeen that birds may regard the open areas behind glass as safe passageways. Or they may mistake the reflected trees for the real thing.Researchers would like to reduce collisions, which requires a solid understanding about what makes a bird more or less likely to die by crashing into a building in the first place.“There was ly little known at a broad scale. Previous studies were at one small study site.'' Jared Elmore, a graduate student in natural resource ecology and management atOklahomaStateUniversity. So he and his colleagues used a previously created data set of building collisions for birds at 40 sites throughoutMexico,Canadaand theU.S.The first finding was obvious: bigger buildings with more glass kill more birds. But the details were more remarkable. "We found that life history predicted collisions. Migrants(候鸟), insect-eaters and woodland-inhabiting species collided more than their counterparts(同类).”Most migratory species travel at night, when lights near buildings can distract or disorient(使迷失方向)them. And Elmore thinks that insect-eating birds might be attracted to buildings because their insect prey(猎物)is attracted to the lights. He suspects that woodland species get tooled by the reflections of trees and bushes in the windows. The results are in the journal Conservation Biology.By understanding which birds are more likely to collide with buildings, researchers can perhaps determine the best way to adapt buildings, or their lighting, to help prevent such accidents. And by knowing risks, along with migration timing and behavior, building managers can better predict when birds are at their greatest danger - andimprove lighting strategics accordingly.Elmore's next project will use radar to help predict bird migrations. " I think that would maybe go a long way in terms of providing information to people, to the public, to building managers, on when they can get the most benefit in terms of lights-out policies."8. What is the possible reason for birds' crashing into buildings?A. They didn't see the buildings.B. They took reflections for reality.C. They assumed the windows to be open.D. They considered buildings as safe routes.9. What is Jared Elmore's study different from the previous ones?A. It created a new data set.B. It went beyond national borders.C. It covered a wider range of sites.D. I’ll studied some specific bird species.10. What was the most noticeable finding of Jared Elmore's study?A. Migratory species travel at night.B. Birds tend to be misled by glasses.C. Bigger buildings cause more collisions.D. Birds living habits give rise to collisions.11. Which of the following can help reduce bird collision?A. Adjust the lightening system.B. Attach radars to each building.C. Adopt strict lights-out policies.D. Ban using glasses on buildings.DOne billion people in the world are short of water. How can this problem be solved. Some suggestions have been to desalinate ocean water or to build enormous water pipelines from areas where water is abundant. (Suggestions such as these prove extremely expensive when they are actually used.) One possibility that scientists are considering is pulling icebergs from either the North Pole or the South Pole to parts of the world with a water shortage. Although many questions must be answered before such a project could be tried, moving icebergsseems a reasonable possibility in the future.Engineers, mathematicians, and glaciologists from a dozen countries have been considering the iceberg as a future source of water. Saudi Arabia is particularly interested in this project because it has a great water shortage. Scientists estimate that it would take 128 days to transport a large iceberg (about 1/2 square mile) to Saudi Arabia. Yet the iceberg would be completely melted by the 104th day. Therefore, insulation would be essential, but how to insulate the iceberg remains an unsolved problem.The problems in transporting an iceberg are numerous. The first problem is choosing the iceberg to pull. The icebergs that form in the North Pole are quite difficult to handle because of their shape. Only a small portion extends above the water — most of the iceberg is below the surface, which would make it difficult to pull. South Pole icebergs, on the other hand, are flat and float like table tops. Thus they would be much easier to move.How can a 200-million-ton iceberg be moved. No ship is strong enough to pull such enormous weight through the water. Perhaps several ships could be used. Attaching ropes to an iceberg this size is also an enormous problem. Engineers think that large nails or long metal rods could be driven into the ice. What would happen if the iceberg splits into several pieces during the pulling. Even if an iceberg with very few cracks were chosen, how could it be pulled through stormy waters. Furthermore, once the iceberg reached its destination, very few ports would be deep enough to store it.All of these problems must be solved before icebergs can become a reasonable source of water. Yet scientists estimate that it will be possible to transport them in the near future. Each year, enough icebergs form to supply the whole world with fresh water for a full year. In addition, icebergs are free and nonpolluting. As a solution to the world’s water problems, icebergs may be a workable possibility.12. What is a problem in transporting iceberg?A. The size of the iceberg.B. The colour of the iceberg.C. The salt in the iceberg.D. The movement of air and water.13. What is the author’ attitude towards transporting iceberg?A. Pessimistic.B. Objective.C. Optimistic.D. Unconcerned.14. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?A. It is hard to use iceberg.B. Iceberg are a good choice.C. There are problems with iceberg.D. Man finds no other ways to solve water shortage.15. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Shortage of water.B. Icebergs for water.C. Scientists and icebergs.D. Iceberg—scientists headache.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2021年洛阳市第二外国语学校高三英语一模试题及参考答案
2021年洛阳市第二外国语学校高三英语一模试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ADo you want to get home from work knowing you have made a real difference in someone’s life? If yes, don’t care about sex or age! Come and join us, then you’ll make it!Position:Volunteer Social Care Assistant (No Pay with Free Meals)Place:ManchesterHours:Part TimeWe are now looking for volunteers to support people with learning disabilities to live active lives! Only 4 days left. Don’t miss the chance of lending your warm hands to help others!Role:You will provide people with learning disabilities with all aspects of their daily lives. You will help them to develop new skills. You will help them to protect their rights and their safety. But your primary concern is to let them know they are valued.Skills and Experience Required:You will have the right values and great listening skills. You will be honest and patient. You will have the ability to drive a car and to communicate in fluent written and spoken English since you’ll have to help those people with different learning disabilities. Previous care-related experience will be a great advantage for you.1.The text is meant to_________.A.carry an adB.send an invitationC.present a documentD.leave a note2.The volunteers’ primary responsibility is to help people with learning disabilities__________.A.to learn new living skillsB.to get some financial supportC.to properly protect themselvesD.to realize their own importance3.Which of the following can first be chosen as a volunteer?A.The one who can drive a car.B.The one who can speak English fluently.C.The one who has relevant work experience.D.The one who has the patience to listen to others.BBlood donations save lives. But blood can only be stored under refrigeration (冷藏) for up to six weeks. After that, it’s no longer usable for transfusions(输血).“Because of that limitation, people have to continually donate blood to meet the needs. But also, in places where refrigeration may not be available, that can also bea challenge. It’s difficult to have blood available when needed.”UniversityofLouisvillebioengineer Jonathan Kopechek says. He also says disruptions to regular blood donations due to COVID-19 have put stress on the blood supply, and COVID-19 strengthens the need for more reliable long-term storage methods.But it’s pretty rare because of all the challenges and complexities with that process. Instead Kopechek’s team has developed a method of preserving blood so it can be stored in a dehydrated(脱水的) state at room temperature. To do so, they turned to an unusual preservative(防腐剂): a sugar called trehalose, which is a common ingredient(成分) in donuts（甜甜圈）to help make them look fresh even when they might be months old, and people wouldn’t know the difference.At that point, the blood could be dried and made into a powder(粉末). And then we can rehydrate(再水化) the blood and have it return back to normal. The team is still trying to improve yields but thinks the dried blood could be stored at room temperature for years. Kopechek says the technique could be ready for clinical trials in three to five years. If successful, itcould be used to create stores of dried blood in case of future pandemics or natural disasters, and for first aid work, military operations or even missions to Mars. Maybe first aid kits on the Red Planet will include dried red blood cells.4. Why we need a more reliable method to preserve blood?A. Refrigeration can’t be afforded.B. The cost to store blood is very high.C. People can’t donate their blood for COVID-19.D. Blood can only be stored under refrigeration for a short time.5. What makes the food or blood look fresh?A. Trehalose.B. Donuts.C. Powder.D. The new technique.6. What can we know about the technique?A. It is successful now.B. It has been put into use.C. It will be widely used.D. It has been researched for 3 to 4 years.7. What is the text mainly about?A. How to store blood.B. Shortage of refrigeration .C. A new technique of storing blood.D. A new technique used in many fields.CThe cumulative rainfall in Henan province during the four days was the highest since the province has records, the provincial meteorological service said. The rain was heaviest in the provincial capital, Zhengzhou, for a short period on Monday and Tuesday. Northern, western and central parts of Henan also experienced downpours, the service said. Zhengzhou's biggest one-hour precipitation (降水量) —201.9 mmbetween 4 and 5 pm on Tuesday—was also the highest on the Chinese mainland. The previous record was 198.5 mmin the village of Linzhuang in Zhumadian in August 1975, the National Meteorological Center said. The city's precipitation duringthe four days exceeded that of its average annual precipitation, the center said.Chen Tao, chief forecaster at the National Meteorological Center, said abundant water vapor (水蒸气) brought by Typhoon In-Fa and the province's special geographical features led to Henan's rain. “Partly affected by the typhoon, large amounts of water vapor have been transported to China's inland areas, including Henan,” he said.From Thursday to Monday, rain was forecast to continue in Henan. However, rainfall will gradually subside in Zhengzhou and the province's northern and central regions, though the storms will increase the risk of mountain torrents and other geological disasters. By Monday, lighter rain is forecast for parts of Henan, the provincial weather service said. However, local authorities are still urged to bevigilantand prepare to prevent or cope with flooding and other possible disasters.Predicting such weather events remains a challenge worldwide because it involves many meteorological phenomena, the center said. “The formation of this kind of extreme weather, including rainstorms and high temperatures, is complex,” Chen said. “We still lack effective solutions and methods for such forecasting”, he said. “We are now putting a lot of effort into tackling the difficulty. We believe that as the technology improves, we can better forecast the events.”8. What message does the author mainly want to convey in the first paragraph?A. heavy rain fell in Zhengzhou.B. The rain in Henan lasted four days.C. Zhumadian also suffered the similar heavy rain.D. Henan experienced the biggest rainfall of all time.9. What can be indicated from Chen Tao's words?A. It is not easy to forecast the extreme weather.B The rain of Henan is mainly caused by Typhoon In-Fa.C. The center hasn't put a lot of effort into solving the problem.D. Rainstorms and high temperatures can account for the heavy rain.10. What does the underlined word “vigilant” probably mean?A. Relaxed.B. Alert.C. Reluctant.D. Communicative.11. Where might the text be most probably taken from?A. history book.B. A novel.C. A news report.D. A science magazine.DConducting interviews for news stories is an important skill for any journalist. To start, do as much research as you can and prepare a list of questions to ask. Once the interview starts, try to develop a rapport(融洽的关系) with your "source"—anyone a journalist interviews, but don't waste your time. If your source starts to talk about things that are clearly of no use to you, don't be afraid to gently but firmly turn the conversationback to the topic at hand.It's an old debate among journalists: Which works better when interviewing a source, taking notes (the old-fashioned way) or using a cassette or digital voice recorder? Both have their advantages and disadvantages. A reporter's notebook and a pen or pencil are the easy-to-use, time-honored tools of the interviewing trade, while recorders enable you to get everything someone says word for word. Which works better? It depends on what kind of story you're doing.Many beginning reporters complain that with a notepad and pen, they can never take down everything a source says in an interview. But you don't have to note everything down. Keep in mind that you're probably not going to use everything they say in your story. So don't worry if youlet slipa few things.So you've done a long interview with a source, you have pages of notes, and you're ready to write. But chances are you'll only be able to choose a few quotes from that information collected directly from the source. Which ones should you use? Reporters often talk about using only "good" quotes for their stories, but what does this mean? Broadly speaking, when someone says something interesting, and says it in an interesting way, that canmake a good quote.12. What is a journalist advised to do during an interview?A. Be gentle with the source.B. Carry on a long conversation.C. Make the conversation interesting.D. Prevent the conversation being off-topic.13. What do the underlined words "let slip" in Paragraph 3 mean?A. give awayB. leave outC. get rid ofD. take up14. What is considered as a good quote for a reporter?A. A direct quote.B. An important point of view.C. A piece of basic information.D. Something funny a source says interestingly.15. What is the text mainly about?A. The job of a journalist.B. The process of interviewing.C Some facts about interviewing. D. The relationship between a journalist and a source.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。