商务英语Unit3
商务英语unit3课文译文及练习答案
第三章市场营销学习目标：1、了解市场营销的定义2、了解市场营销的组合策略3、掌握市场细分和市场定位的方法课文一市场营销概述大约十年以前，如果你问IBM的高层管理人员他们是做什么的，他们可能会回答：“我们销售电脑的硬件和软件。
”由于缺乏市场远见，以产品为中心的IBM 公司没有注重客户的需求。
因此，当客户需求改变的时候，IBM却没有进行相应的调整，公司的业绩也大幅度下滑。
到90年代初期，大企业的市场份额和蓝筹股价急剧下跌。
在这段经济低靡的时期，IBM进行了一场具有重大意义的改革：所有的高层管理人员在与重要客户面谈之后，将客户的问题和要求上报给公司。
其实，在计算机市场，客户不但要从公司购买电脑的硬件和软件，更重要的是他们需要购买到能解决大量信息技术问题的方案。
现在，如果你要IBM的管理人员给他们的业务下个定义，他们会告诉你：“我们为客户的任何问题提供解决方案。
”大公司营销策略的转变取得了巨大的成功。
那么，什么是市场营销呢？市场营销的定义美国市场营销协会将市场营销的定义为：计划和执行观念，商品和服务的构思，定价、促销和分销以便产生满足个人、组织和社会目标的交易的过程。
IBM的营销经理们如果想要取得好的销售成绩，他们必须要明白客户的需要就是他们的目标。
如果不遵循这一原则，他们生产出来的产品将一无是处，也无人问津。
“找到客户的需求并且尽力满足”就是市场营销的主旨，换句话说，就是要“找到一个市场，并为其服务。
”市场营销组合策略一旦确定了客户的需求，营销人员就应该尽力满足这些要求，有四点需要注意，第一，要求生产出合适的产品，这是物质基础。
要使产品能尽量接近客户的要求，企业就要通过改变现有产品类型、改进产品的特点和包装或用另一种方法来描述这个产品等方式生产出“量体裁衣”型的产品。
第二点是关于交付货物的整个体系：生产者必须及时将货物运至消费者可以购买到的地方。
第三点就是消费者可以通过广告被告知这个商品的用途，营销人员应该与客户沟通，并说服他们购买。
新编剑桥商务英语unit_3 答案
—many new businesses fail (nine out of ten)
Doesn’t suit people who don’t like —suits people who don’t like to follow other system/people. to follow rules —for very independent people You have business relationship with someone else.
Speaking：Discussing a schedule
Possible Final Version
New and business: a Seminar for Young Entrepreneurs Monday 15th February 9.15-9.45 Registration and coffee 9.45-11.15 Introductions and workshop: ‘You might want it but does your customer?’ Speaker: R Thorne 11.45-1.15 Talk: ‘A good idea does not necessarily make money’ Speaker: Fiona Brewster 1.15-2.15 Lunch 2.15-3.15 talk: ‘Online businesses — the myth and the truth’ Speaker: Laszlo Reiner.’ 3.30-5.00 Mini-presentations by each participant
Listening： Advice on franchises
商务英语写作 Unit 3
Key to Activity 13 on page 43
• If you have any questions about our product,call us at 01-5692001. • Yours sincerely, • Jack Smith
Homework: P38 Activity 9
Structure of Personnel Introduction Letter
Personnel Introduction Letter: Title Salutation Body: 1.The person concerned,his/her name and job title;the reason for the trip,the time of the trip,and the length of the stay. 2.Request for hospitality,and give thanks in advance. 3.Promise to reciprocate. Complimentary close Signature and job title
• Dear Customer, • We understand that you are interested in cars/automobiles.Our latest/recent effort promises to deliver cars that are environmentally friendly.They are called fuel cellcars.They generate/produce only water and do not harm the environment. • Please look through this packet of information to find out more about the products.
unit 3 商务英语3
Discuss: Which
of the above skills or qualities do you think are necessary for business leaders, which for managers and which for both?
A Leadership Story:
Theories of Contingencies
Leadership
as being more flexible – different leadership styles used at different times depending on the circumstance. Suggests leadership is not a fixed series of characteristics that can be transposed into different contexts
Possible leadership skills or qualities
A.
A hands-on approach B. Ability to delegate C. Attention to detail D. Good communication skills E. Good at interpersonal skills F. Originality G. Trouble-shooting skills H. Vision
Verbal facility Honesty Initiative Aggressive Self-confident Ambitious Originality Sociability Adaptability
商务英语阅读unit3翻译
Unit11. After months of researching Northwestern on the Web and grilling friends, teachers and advisers who had gone there, Maxine pinned her hopes on getting accepted.经过数月在网上搜索并研究NW大学和仔细询问到访过NW大学的朋友、老师和顾问，Maxine 最终希望自己能被NW大学录取。
2. For students like Maxine who are applying to college for next fall, that dream is turning out to be frustratingly unobtainable. It turns out the odds of getting into a selective college have never been worse.对于像Maxine一样正在申请秋季入学的学生来说，他们会沮丧地发现这一梦想难以实现。
考入一所名校的机会从未如此渺茫。
3. But admissions directors are already worrying about the shrinking pool of future applicants, especially the sliver of those who can afford to foot the $40,000 annual tab.---但是招生主管们已经开始担忧申请者数量缩减的问题，尤其是为数不多的每年有能力支付4万美元的那部分申请者。
4. Those who left private schools in the 1980s and 1990s can expect to earn 35% more in life than the average product of a state school, they found, around half of which can be attributed to education, not background.20世纪80年代和90年代中期的私立学校毕业生能够期望一生的收入比国立中学的普通毕业生多35%，他们发现这其中大约一半可以归因于他们所受的教育，而非背景。
商务英语unit3译文及答案
第三章市场营销学习目标：1、了解市场营销的定义2、了解市场营销的组合策略3、掌握市场细分和市场定位的方法课文一市场营销概述大约十年以前，如果你问IBM的高层管理人员他们是做什么的，他们可能会回答：“我们销售电脑的硬件和软件。
”由于缺乏市场远见，以产品为中心的IBM公司没有注重客户的需求。
因此，当客户需求改变的时候，IBM却没有进行相应的调整，公司的业绩也大幅度下滑。
到90年代初期，大企业的市场份额和蓝筹股价急剧下跌。
在这段经济低靡的时期，IBM 进行了一场具有重大意义的改革：所有的高层管理人员在与重要客户面谈之后，将客户的问题和要求上报给公司。
其实，在计算机市场，客户不但要从公司购买电脑的硬件和软件，更重要的是他们需要购买到能解决大量信息技术问题的方案。
现在，如果你要IBM的管理人员给他们的业务下个定义，他们会告诉你：“我们为客户的任何问题提供解决方案。
”大公司营销策略的转变取得了巨大的成功。
那么，什么是市场营销呢？市场营销的定义美国市场营销协会将市场营销的定义为：计划和执行观念，商品和服务的构思，定价、促销和分销以便产生满足个人、组织和社会目标的交易的过程。
IBM的营销经理们如果想要取得好的销售成绩，他们必须要明白客户的需要就是他们的目标。
如果不遵循这一原则，他们生产出来的产品将一无是处，也无人问津。
“找到客户的需求并且尽力满足”就是市场营销的主旨，换句话说，就是要“找到一个市场，并为其服务。
”市场营销组合策略一旦确定了客户的需求，营销人员就应该尽力满足这些要求，有四点需要注意，第一，要求生产出合适的产品，这是物质基础。
要使产品能尽量接近客户的要求，企业就要通过改变现有产品类型、改进产品的特点和包装或用另一种方法来描述这个产品等方式生产出“量体裁衣”型的产品。
第二点是关于交付货物的整个体系：生产者必须及时将货物运至消费者可以购买到的地方。
第三点就是消费者可以通过广告被告知这个商品的用途，营销人员应该与客户沟通，并说服他们购买。
新编剑桥商务英语中级unit_3分析解析
•EXAMPLE:
许多跨国公司已经在中国开始了各种商业活动。 • A: Hundreds of transnational firms ve started various businesses in China • B: Hundreds of transnational firms have started businesses in China •various这个词是中式英语的又一典型多余修饰 语。 类似的名词词组（“a series of” “all sorts of”, and “ different kinds of”) 在翻译 中通常不必译出。在汉语中需要它们来表明复 数，然而在英语中只需以名词的复数形式出现。
电子邮件（Email）
BEC写作主要考查体裁
• 由于BEC考题中已给出电子邮件的收件 人和主题，所以考生只需要写称呼、正 文和结束语，签名也可免去。
礼貌(Courtesy)
例如：
• • Dear Mrs. Walters, Because you delayed so long in your response, Model GSF is off stock. If you are interested, we have some similar models on hand. Yours truly,
•中式英语的特点:
•Wrong Collocation错误的搭配 •Syntactic Error语法错误 •Improper Word Order语序不当 •Ambiguous Reference语义不明
•EXAMPLE:
在将来的30到50年间，我们在经济上将达到经济 发达国家的水平。 • A: in another 30 to 50 years, we shall approach the level of the economically developed countries • B: in another 30 to 50 years, we shall approach the level of the developed countries •(通常情况下，“发达国家”已经意味着是经济 上发达的国家，因此，没有必要再加上修饰语。)
商务英语unit 3 financing
Equity financing describes an exchange of money for a share of business ownership.
– This form of financing allows you to obtain funds without incurring debt; in other words, without having to repay a specific amount of money at any particular time. – The major disadvantage to equity financing is the dilution(稀释) of your ownership interests and the possible loss of control that may accompany a sharing of ownership with additional investors.
Long Term Finance
Financing is commonly used to purchase, improve, or expand fixed assets, such as your plant, facilities, major equipment, and real estate. Bank loans Bonds (An agreement by a government or company to pay you interest on the money you have lent) stock
because new investment is not taking place. Owners are often searching for the best way to sell out.
商务英语unit 3 Credit Inquiry(完成)
2. How to do credit inquiry (1)through bank and company which have business relations with them (2)through offices abroad (3)through commercial chamber and professional offices (inquiry agency) on credit inquiry
The structure of the reply of credit inquiry letter 1:
• 答复关于信任询问时，银行提供的资料通常会比较客观和公 正，而厂商的答复则会比较主观。因此，作出判断前，应该 以综合的意见作为评判标准。 • The content of correspondence about the reply of credit inquiry （favorable reply）is generally made up of the following parts: • Part 1: • 表明写信的目的 e.g. in reply to your letter … • Part 2: • 针对被询问公司有关各情况进行回答 e.g. the company you mentioned is…. • Part 3: • 补充注意事项 we must ask you…
• Background Information of credit inquiry 1. Importance of credit inquiry. • Before you start to do business with partners in foreign countries who are far away from you, if you don’t know him or her very well, then you should do credit inquiry about him or her in case you are cheated by him or her.
商务英语Unit3
listening
4/5 To:
L Talk
et’s
Caller:
Message: Please email details of the next telephone skills courses to ……. He’s sending five people so also include details of discounts on group bookings. Message: He’s sorry but he’s postponing his booking for the seminar on the 13th. Please send dates for the next seminar and explain if the course fee can be refunded
Besides, it is also important that both are willing to share responsibilities. This will have direct impact on the success and failure of the business. With shared responsibilities, you can achieve your common objectives better and be strongly against troubles and risks.
speakitant when starting
your own business?
1.A good idea
2.Knowing your customers 3. …….
speaking
B: What is important when your
新编剑桥商务英语unit-3精选全文 (2)
Speaking: Discussing a schedule
Vocabulary: Types of business
Here are three different ways to start your own business. Work in pairs and think of one advantage and one disadvantage for each approach.
• Sale trader you are self-employed and set up the business on your own.
• Partnership you are self-employed and start the business with another person. You are both equally liable.
set up concept charge launch
branch out growth fee
But being a franchisee is unlikely to satisfy the most entrepreneurial. It doesn’t suit people who don’t want to follow the system. William Ewbank, the head of franchise sales at Domino’s Pizza, says, ‘If you’re massively entrepreneurial this isn’t for you. It’s a discipline, a club with rules. There is some independence --- our franchisees can charge their own prices although we’re strict on menu content. It’s running a business with help.’
商务英语Unit3参考答案
Unit 3 TravelPart I Business V ocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. This part totals 20 points, one point for each sentence.1 As someone who has _______B________ Emirates in the past year, you will have experienced our outstanding service to the Middle East.A takenB flownC byD via2 But were you aware that Emirates also flies to an extensive network of major _____A__________ all around the world?A destinationsB placesC citiesD regions3 By filling in the ______B________ questionnaire, you’ll be helping us with our research on your views as a business traveler, as well as providing an update for our database.A enclosingB enclosedC to encloseD being enclosed4 This will ______D_________ that we only send out information and offers that are relevant to you personally.A sureB reassureC assureD ensure5 I do hope you find the information in it interesting and that you take _______D_________ of our free flight offer.A pleasureB useC interestD advantage6 As a business traveler we need you to tell us about your views, requirements and habits in _______B_________ of business travel.A viewB termsC useD flight7 So by picking up a pen and filling in the attached questionnaire, you will be doing us a great _____A_______ too.A favorB helpC assistanceD facilitation8 Delta Air Lines crew suffer 100 verbal and physical ________D________ a month, while cabin crews in some airlines are seeking early retirement at 50 because of their stressful work.A flightsB fightsC beatingD assaults9 IDP is a computer software company _______D__________ in Los Angels, USA.A operatedB operatingC basingD based10 They will expect to relax, enjoy the ______C__________ of the hotel, explore thesurrounding area, and have a really good time.A facilitiesB equipmentC amenitiesD infrastructure11 Thank you for your letter of February 8 informing us _______C_____ the packingdetails.A aboutB forC ofD by12 ____C____ reply, we are now confirming the acceptance of your modes of packing.A ForB AtC InD On13 For your information, we have _____A_______ our bank to open an irrevocableletter of creditA instructedB informedC advisedD notified14 We would appreciate _____C______ if you could ship the order as scheduled.A themB youC itD whom15 We are looking forward to ____B______ the consignment in prime condition.A receivedB receivingC receiveD to receive16 We can supply all the bicycles you required ____B________ stock and arearranging shipment by M.V. Mermaid.A forB fromC toD against17 ____B_____ stipulated in our Sales Confirmation No. 593, each bicycle isenclosed in a corrugated cardboard pack.A SinceB AsC ForD Because18 We would like to remind you that the _____A_____ L/C must reach us beforeMarch10 so that we can make shipment in good time.A coveringB coverC coveredD being covered19 We are now confirming the prices ____C______ on the fax of June 15 for ourPhoenix range.A quotingB to quoteC quotedD being quoted20 We have _____D______ every possible precaution to make sure of safetransportation of our products.A preparedB givenC conductedD takenPart II Phrase TranslationDirections: Directions: There are 20 Chinese phrases in this part. You are required to translate them into English and write down your translation on the Answer Sheet. This part totals 20 points, one point for each phrase.1 经济舱Economy Class2 商务舱Business Class3 远东Far East4 中东Middle East5 重要目的地major destinations6 免费优惠券free voucher7 抽奖prize draw8 酒店住宿hotel accommodation9 时差综合症jet lag10 商务之旅business travel11 新产品系列new collection12 全球问题a world-wide problem13 身体攻击physical assaults14 大众旅游mass travel15 安全问题safety issue16 高档区域exclusive area17 机票费air fare18 销售税sales tax19 软件公司software company20 团队建设研讨会a team-building seminarPart III Sentence TranslationDirections: There are 10 sentences in this part. You are required to translate them into Chinese and write down your translation on the Answer Sheet. This part totals 20 points, two points for each sentence.1.As someone who has flown Emirates in the past year, you will have experiencedour outstanding service to the Middle East.作为去年乘坐过阿联酋航空公司航班的乘客，您已经体验了我们公司中东之行的杰出服务。
商务英语unit3
Unit 3 Business ScheduleModule 2 Video Watch（先睹为快）Key Words and Expressions1.flight n . 航班2.world heritage 世界遗产3.sparsely adv. 稀疏地，稀少地4.fuel up 加油5.domestic flight 国内航班6.analyst n.分析家，分析师7.bankruptcy n.破产8.progressively adv.渐进地I .Interactive Activities(互动练习)Direction:Watch the video clip and discuss the following questions or topics with other students.1. Why did Japan Airline’s flight 3081 almost become an empty plane?2. What kinds of factors led to JAL’s current financial situation?3. How could JAL cope with this unprofitable situation?II .Spot Dictation(听写练习)Direction: watch the video clip carefully and filling in the blanks with the missing words.Japan Airline’s flight 3081 takes off from Tokyo, but a lot of nobody. Empty seat after empty seat. It is a lonely flight for this reporter.“It is a very empty plane.”Most of the (1)passengers are seated to the front of this plane that seats about 160.But (2) majority of the seats are empty.Our destination, a small town in western Japan, called Shirahama. Shirahama is near a world heritage sight. A beautiful but remote and sparsely populated area of Japan.Japan Airline flies 2 flights in and out of the small airport twice a day. (3)Figures from Japan Airlines show that for last November on average, The Tokyo-Shirahama flights were more than half empty. And the airline says it’s been this way for at least the past few months.After a brief fuel up.“Same situation, empty.”The problem for Japan Airlines isn’t that this plane is so empty, it’s that so many of these domestic flights all over Japan are flying with so many empty seats.According to Japan Airlines, 65% of all of its domestic flights took off in November with 40% of the seats empty. Analysts say those flights lost money. This is a（4）symbol of what’s led the airline into its current financial states, says ABS（5）specialist Kotaro Torjumi. The carrier which suffered from the global economic（6）downturn in the drop of air travel has been slowed out of its business model and（7）adapted to the changing economy.But Torjumi also says it’s not entirely the fault of Japan Airlines. Japan Airlines couldn’t cut off the (8)unprofitable routes because of the political pressure, says Torjumi. Local governments want to sustain routes and airports, traditionally seen as a source of vital transportation and income to its (9)communities.“We’ll be cut off if this route didn’t exist.” says this woman who just moved from Shirahama. Japan Airlines would not speak to CNN on camera citing its upcoming bankruptcyproceedings, but said in a statement that profitability of a route is not determined by passenger capacities alone and profitability varies from route to route. But the airline also says it’s (10) suspending20 unprofitable domestic routes and progressively switching to smaller aircraft both domestically and internationally.Bankruptcy will give Japan Airline a somewhat fresh start. Analysts say it needs to learn from what’s failed in order to fly high in the future.Module 3 Listening Tasks(习耳攻听）Ⅰ. Long conversationsA light schedule 轻松的安排publicize v.宣传snack n. 小吃，快多，零食Dialogue 1宴会后，李霞送众位客人返回宾馆。
商务英语阅读unit 3
It is not new, though. For thousands of years, people—and, later, corporations—have been buying from and selling to each other in lands at great distances, such as through the famed Silk Road across Central Asia that connected China and Europe during the Middle Ages. Likewise, for centuries, people and corporations have invested in enterprises in other countries. In fact, many of the features of the current wave of globalization are similar to those prevailing before the outbreak of the First World War in 1914.
Political Factor. There is a trend toward the unification and socialization of the global community. Preferential trading arrangements, such as the North American Free Trade Agreement, Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the European Union, that group several nations into a single market have presented firms with significant marketing opportunities. Many have moved swiftly to enter either through exporting or by producing in the area.
商务英语Unit3Atthemeeting省公开课金奖全国赛课一等奖微课获奖课件
4
TIPS FOR LEADING EFFECTIVE BUSINESS MEETINGS
1.Decide whether you really need to call a meeting.Can the issue be resolved by an individual or a conference call?
9/40
4
TIPS FOR LEADING EFFECTIVE BUSINESS MEETINGS
11.Schedule a meeting before lunch, at the end of the day, or immediately before another one to prevent it from becoming too long.
3.Set definite starting and stopping times. 4. Prepare an agenda.Explain the goal of the meeting; if there are many goals, decide which
ones command priority, and make this clear. 5.Circulate the agenda in advance to allow attendees to prepare. 6.Assemble visual aids such as charts, handouts or slides.
8.Allocate a specific amount of time for each issue.Move through issues, allowing for discussion but discouraging digression or e a timer to help monitor the time.
商务英语 Unit 3 Travel
Reading 1: Free flight offer
Emirates Airline (shortened form: Emirates) is a major airline in the Middle East, and a subsidiary of The Emirates Group. It is the national airline of Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Emirates operates an international network from its hub at Dubai International Airport, spanning North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle East and Australia. The airline operates over 1,990 passenger flights per week, to 101 destinations in 61 countries across 6 continents. The company also operates four of the world's longest non-stop commercial flights from Dubai to Los Angeles, São Paulo, Houston, and San Franciish English?
American gasoline truck parking lot vacation cab baggage round trip subway flight attendant freeway line schedule British petrol lorry car park holiday taxi luggage return trip tube steward/stewardess motorway queue timetable Travel
商务英语1000单词 Unit 3： Payment Instruments票据
商务英语1000单词 Unit 3： Payment Instruments票据商务英语1000必备单词 Unit 3: Payment Instruments票据时间:_-_-_ _:39:_艺洁 _60学习英语中词汇是一个基本的入门,针对不同阶段的人群,需要学习词汇也是不同的,那么关于商务人员需要具备的哪些词汇呢 ?以下是小编给大家整理的商务英语1000必备单词 Unit 3 Payment Instruments票据,希望可以帮到大家Unit 3 Payment Instruments第三单元票据bounceOh no! My check to City Supermarket bounced!跳(票)喔,糟了!我开给城市超市的支票跳票了!cashier s checkPre-payment with cashier s check or money order is accepted.本票预付款用本票或汇票都可以.checkI don t have cash. Can I write you a check?支票我没有现金,可以开支票给你吗?clearing houseA clearing house is an office where banks e_change checks and drafts.票据交换所;清算所票据交换所是银行交换支票.汇票的地方.endorseCan you endorse the back of the check, please?背书可以麻烦你在支票背面签名背书吗?financial institutionMany big financial institutions raised their interest rates today. 金融机构许多大型金融机构都在今天升息. matureWhen does my CD mature?(定存.票据等)到期我的定存何时到期?money orderCan I pay with money order? 汇票我可以用汇票付款吗?paycheckThe HR assistant distributes employee paychecks every month. 薪资支票人资部助理每个月会分发员工的薪资支票.postdated checkI m sorry. We don t accept postdated checks.远期支票抱歉,我们不收远期支票.stop paymentMy father called the bank to stop payment on the check.止付我父亲打电话到银行止付那张支票.traveler s checkIn what denominations would you like the traveler s checks?旅行支票你要哪种面额的旅行支票?represent的用法总结大全 represent有表现,象征,代表,代理,扮演,作为示范的意思.那你们想知道represent的用高端大气上档次的表白句子 1.I fall in love with you at first sight. 我对你是一见钟情. 2.I heel over heapardon的用法总结大全 pardon的意思是什么呢?pardon的用法是怎样的呢,快来了解一下吧,今天小编给大家带来reject的用法总结大全大家都知道reject的意思.那你们想知道reject的用法吗?今天小编给大家带来了reject的。
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4. This interchangeability(可互换性)of personnel(员 工) seems unreasonable to some members of foreign nations. Where are our roots? How can we be so cold and inhuman(无人性的) ? ―We act,‖ some say, ―as if we were dealing with(处理) machines, not humans.‖ They do not understand that a great many Americans like to move about. New jobs present new challenges(挑战) , new opportunities, new friends, and new experiences—often a new part of the country.
Unit Four
Personal Progress and Job-hopping
Байду номын сангаас
Contents
Warm--up Text Translation Notes New Words Examples Exercises Extended Activities
Warm--up
Ⅰ. Discussions
3. One needs a “godfather”, a “sponsor”: One needs someone to support economically and help him/her move forward in society. 4. recipient and patron: the person who takes the job, and the person who offers the job opportunity.
• prestigious title, job status etc. 享有声望的名称, 工作状态等等
II. Pairwork
Discuss the following questions with your partner. 1.What is important for you in a job? And why? 2.Which job do you like to take, a well-paid job you dislike or a poorly paid job you enjoy? 3.Do you prefer to be an employer or an employee?
Text
Personal Progress and Job-hopping 1 (2). Here traits (品质) which lead to (导致) success are generally considered to be the willingness to work hard (at any kind of job), or skill, initiative (主动 性) , an agreeable (令人愉快) scholarship (学识)的) and outgoing (外向的) personality (性格) . In other words, even in the realm (领域) of personal progress, this is a ―do-it-yourself ‖ society. By and large (总的说来) , success is neither inherited (继承) nor bestowed (赠 与). This means, therefore, that our employment practices are different from those in many other countries.
2. In some nations it is considered disloyal (不忠诚 的 ) to quit a job; deep reciprocal (互惠的) loyalties (忠诚) exist between employee and employer (―recipient (接受者) ‖ and ―patron (资助人) ‖ in many cases); lifelong (终生的) job security (保障) and family honor are frequently involved.
4 对一些外国人而言， 这种员工的可互换性似乎是 不合理的。我们的根在哪里呢？我们怎么能如此冷漠和 不人道？ “我们的行为， ”有人说， “好象是跟机 器打交道，而不是与人相处。 ”他们不明白，许多美 国人都喜欢流动工作。新的工作呈现新的挑战、新的机 遇、新的朋友和新的经验，常常是这个国家一个新的地 方。
译 文:
个 人 发 展 与 工 作 跳 槽
1 在世界许多地方，要获得成功，个人的影响力几乎是 必不可少的。 人都需要有一个“教父” ， 一个“赞助 人” 。但在美国这里，却不是这样。当然有时所有的人 都使用人的影响力，但是，在美国仅仅依靠这种影响力， 一个人极少发展得很好。在这里，导致成功的性格，一般 被认为是：愿意努力工作（任何职务） 、学识或技能、 主动性、令人喜欢的外向的性格。换言之，即使是在个人 进步的范围讲，这也是一个“自己动手”的社会。大体上 说，成功既不是继承，也不是赐予。因此，这意味着，我 们的就业做法不同于其他许多国家。
5. keep qualifying: to remain in ability to be suited for. 6. move about: to travel from place to place.
• Work with your partner and list things that people may consider in choosing their jobs.
• Job security, good pay, challenging work, no stress, 工作安全、 好薪资， 挑战性的工作, 没有压 力,
5 雇主也可能会相当满意。或许他拥有最佳的思维； 一个新人可能会带来新的观念，提高了的技能，或新 的能力。况且，一个新手可能会以较低的薪金起步， 因为他没有任何资历。在这里，事实上跳槽是这样乐 意被接受，一个有能力的人可能在两个或三个公司之 间跳来跳去，不止一次受欢迎回到他原来的公司工作， 且每一次都在不同的层次工作。
• To Be an Employee 1. What are the possible benefits of being an employee? 2. What qualities does an employee desire in an employer? 3. What is you attitude toward the practice of frequent job-hopping?
Text
Personal Progress and Job-hopping 1 (1). In many parts of the world, personal influence(影响) is almost essential(必要的) in getting ahead(出人头地). One needs a ―godfather(教父) ‖, a ―sponsor (赞助人) ‖. Here that is not true. Naturally all people use influence sometimes, but one rarely advances far on that basis alone in the United States.
2 在一些国家把放弃某个工作，看成是不忠诚的表现； 在雇员和雇主之间存在很深的互惠忠诚度，（许多情况 下是“接受者”和“资助人”的关系） ；终身工作的保 障和家庭的荣誉也经常被联系起来。 3 在美国，这样却是不正确的。 “工作跳槽”是我们 经常流动性的一部分。我们认为这是改善自己生活、人 往高处走的一个“权利”，如果我们能保持资格承担更 大的责任（因此，更好的工作），就会从一个公司跳到 另一个到公司。
• distance from work, commuting time, team spirit, 上班的距离, 上下班时间, 团队精神、
• opportunities to work independently, 独立工作机会,
• employee shareholding program, retirement benefits, 职员股权计划、 退休利益、 • overtime work, paid holidays, vacation time, 加班时间、 带薪度假、 假期时间、 • working environment, interesting / friendly coworkers, 工作环境、 有趣的/友好的同事、
• To Be Employer 1. What are the possible benefits of being an employer? 2. What qualities does an employer desire in an employee? 3. Will you hole against an employee who has a record of frequent job-hopping?
Notes
1. job-hopping: the practice of moving from job to job. 2. do-it-yourself society: a society in which you should do things yourself, and depend on yourself. (abb. DIY)