《英语句子成分及基本结构》完整版本
(完整版)英语句子成分与结构.doc
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(完整版)英语句子成分与结构.doc英语句子成分及简单句型结构一、介绍与其重要性学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。
英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律,掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配,就能写出完整、正确的句子。
句子是写作的基本单位,只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。
英语的句子成分有八种。
定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分:主语和谓语次要成分:表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语WIV <Λ> W*^β?? ?β?< ^L>B^?4RΛ^V I *BBB ^V M* I >≡*Wi0 > MRRo V SMW*>*^0kV ??V^* ≡^* W B ≡ HBH ∣afl09U W M"J≡BOB≡∣Mt ?Z ?V ?^*^C ??PIO≡fl*^*S^ B^B≡A0^ML≡WW>βflBBHVK. ㈠主语(SUt>jecrt )句子说明的人或事物 JaI^e is good at PIaying the piano.(名词) i ?? ? ?? ^he WCnt OUt in a hurry.〈代词〉 Inttr PIIIS four is eight* (数词) If ‘ ? 「丄.■」?.二? Vin See is to believe. (不定式〉 is bad for health. {动名词) J 力厂」"MM : ShOUld respect the OICL (名 i 司化IKI 形容i 司》 II j lUiI he has Sahl is true.(句子)找出句中主语 The SUn rises in the east. TWenty years is a ShOrt time in history. The POOr are now IiVing in the Shelter ? Seeing is believing. TO See is to believe ? i 1 I 主谓定宾同状语语语语位语语二、英语句子成分分析解读 I told mv best friend IbIIlI to PiCk me UD at the airp<He IikeS dancing?What he needs is a book.It is Very CIear that the elephant is round and tall Iike a tree.㈡谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成I SaW the flag On the top Of the hill?He IOOked after two OrPhanS ?复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;He Can SPeak EngliSh We 11.She CIOeSn ' t Seem to Iike dancing英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,分成不及物动词与和及物动词。
英语句子成分和结构.ppt
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5. I have a lot work to do. (主谓宾+宾补)
6. He went to London yesterday. (主谓宾)
20
Many thanks!
21
22
23
24
★主语一般在句首。
Walls have ears. 名词 He will take you to the hospital. 代词
Three plus four equals seven. 数词 Smoking is not allowed in public places. 动名词 To teach them English is my job. 不定式 →It is my job to teach them English. ★不定式作主语时,常用形式主语it句型
The boy you will know is Tom. 从句
Tom’s father didn’t come home yesterday night.
所有格
I met a friend on my way home. 副词
7
六.状语 The Adverbial
用来修饰动词、形容词或副词,说明方式、因果、条件、时间 、地点、让步、方向、程度、频率、目的等.
和系动词一起构成谓语。一般在系动词后
面,用来说明主语的性质,特征,状态等. E.g. My father is a professor. 名词 Everybody is here. 代词 Three times five is fifteen.数词 My new computer is expensive.形容词 His plan is to seek work in the city. to do不定式
英语句子成分详解方法精选全文完整版
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可编辑修改精选全文完整版英语句子成分一、英语句子的成分组成句子的各个部分叫作句子的成分。
句子成分主要包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。
1)主语subject主语是一个句子的主体,是全句叙述的对象,是句子要说明的人或事物,即表示句子所说的“是什么”或“是谁”,常由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式等担任,一般位于句首。
The girl can sing many English songs.We are students. / This is my pen. Yours is on the desk.The blind need more help.To speak loudly in public is not polite.Smoking is bad for your health.2)谓语predicate谓语是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的动作或状态,常由动词担任,一般位于主语之后。
谓语有时态和语态的变化,且要和主语在人称和数上保持一致。
I love you. You hate me. You hurt my heart.I have an English-Chinese dictionary. He has one too.We can play the piano.She is talking with her sister. / I have seen this man before.3)宾语object宾语是谓语动词所涉及的对象,是谓语动词所表示动作的对象或承受者。
常由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式等担任,一般位于谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。
He is doing his homework. / I saw a plane in the sky just now.They did nothing this morning. / I met him on my way home.She wants to go home.We enjoy playing football.【注意】:某些及物动词之后要求有双宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语,直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人。
英语句子的基本结构和成分
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英语句子的基本结构和成分
英语句子的基本结构由主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)和
宾语(object)组成。
主语:主语通常是句子中的核心成分,指的是动作的执行者或事物的主体。
它通常是名词、代词或名词短语。
谓语:谓语表示主语动作或状态的动词或动词短语。
它可以是及物动词(后跟宾语)、不及物动词(不跟宾语)或连系动词(连系主语与它的属性或状态)。
宾语:宾语是主语动作的承受者或动作所作用的对象。
它通常是名词、代词或名词短语。
除了主语、谓语和宾语,英语句子还可以包括其他成分如定语、状语和补语。
定语:定语通常用来描述或限定一个名词,它可以是形容词、代词、名词短语或介词短语。
状语:状语是用来表示时间、地点、方式、原因、目的等情况的成分。
它可以是副词、介词短语、动词短语、名词短语或从句。
补语:补语是用来补充或完成谓语动词的句子成分。
它可以是形容词、名词、副词或介词短语。
总结起来,英语句子的基本结构为主语-谓语-宾语,其他成分如定语、状语和补语可以进一步丰富句子的信息。
(完整)句子结构及成分
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基础知识目录1.词性的英文缩写2.及物动词和不及物动词3。
实义动词、助动词、情态动词和连系动词4. 句子成分5。
简单句的五种基本结构6。
谓语和非谓语7。
主动关系和被动关系8. 逻辑上的主谓关系9。
复合结构10.简单句、并列句和复合句1.词性的英文缩写在英语学习中掌握单词词性非常重要。
如果记单词时只记拼写、读音而不记词性,我们就不知道如何使用它们,所以在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。
缩写字母原词代表词性n. noun 名词v。
verb 动词vt。
transitive verb 及物动词vi。
intransitive verb 不及物动词modal v. modal verb 情态动词aux。
v. auxiliary verb 助动词adj.adjective 形容词adv。
adverb 副词num. numeral 数词interj。
interjection 感叹词pron. pronoun 代词prep.preposition 介词art. article 冠词conj conjunction 连词2。
及物动词和不及物动词(1)实义动词后跟宾语时,这个动词是及物动词。
实义动词后面不跟宾语时,这个动词是不及物动词.The door opened. (open后面没跟宾语,open是vi)He opened the door。
(open后面有宾语the door, open是vt)注:动词是及物还是不,关键看它在句中时后面是否跟宾语。
(2)有些动词既可作vt又可作vi,词义相同。
The meeting began at six. 〈 vi。
〉We began the meeting at six。
〈 vt.〉(3)有些动词既可作vt又可作vi,但词义不同。
The man walked away。
(walk vi,意为“走") He walked the dog every day. ( walk vt,“遛”)She washes clothes at home. (wash vt,“洗”) The clothes washes well。
英语句子成分及基本结构
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表语(predicative)
表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态, 它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一 般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、 不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语 从句表示。
Our teacher of English is an American. (名词)
宾语补足语(complement of object)
Is it yours? (代词)
The weather has turned cold. (形容词)
The speech is exciting. (分词)
Three times seven is twenty one? (数词)
His job is to teach English.(不定式) His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词) The machine must be out of order.(介词短语) Time is up. The class is over.(副词) The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表 语从句)
5 Smoking does harm to the health. (动名词)
6 The rich should help the poor. (名词化的形容词)
7 When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (主语从句) 8 It is necessary to master a foreign language. (it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)
英语句子成份划分(完整版)
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英语句子成份划分(完整版)Different parts of a sentence概念句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。
组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。
句子的成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接和间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分(在英语中,一般句子必须有主语和谓语),表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。
其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。
▲句子成分分类1.主语主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象。
大多数主语都在句首。
如:讲述“谁”We work in a big factory.讲述“什么”The classroom is very big.1).名词作主语。
如:A tree has fallen across the road. (一棵树倒下横在路上。
)2).代词用作主语。
如:You’re not far wrong. (你差不多对了)。
3).数词用作主语。
如:Three is enough. 三个就够了。
4).名词化的形容词用作主语。
The idle are forced to work. 懒汉被迫劳动。
Old and young marched side by side. 老少并肩而行。
5).副词用作主语。
如:Now is the time. 现在是时候了。
Carefully does it. 小心就行。
6).名词化的介词作主语。
如:The ups and downs of life must be taken as they come. 我们必须承受人生之沉浮。
7).不定式用作主语。
To find your way can be a problem.你能否找到路可能是一个问题。
It would be nice to see him again. 如能见到他,那将是一件愉快的事。
(完整)初中英语句子成分及其五种基本结构
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句子的成分1 句子的成分组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。
句子成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
主语和谓语是句子主体部分(在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语)。
表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。
其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。
下面我们分别讲述一下句子的各个成分:1 主语主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。
它在句首。
We study in No.1 Middle School.(讲述“谁”~)The classroom is very clean. (讲述“什么”很干净)Three were absent.(数词作主语)To teach them English is my job. (不定式作主语)注意不定式作主语时,常用形式主语it句型,因此左例可变为It is my job to teach them English.(真正的主语是to teach them English.)2 谓语说明主语“做什么”,“是什么”或“怎么样”。
谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须用动词。
谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。
它在主语后面。
His Parents are doctors. (系动词作谓语)She looks well.(系动词作谓语)We study hard.(实义动词作谓语)He can speak English. (情态动词和实义动词作谓语)3 表语表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任。
它的位置在系动词后面。
You look younger than before.(形容词作表语)I am a teacher.(名词作表语)Everybody is here.(副词作表语)They are at home now.(介词短语作表语)My job is to teach them English.(不定式作表语)4 ,宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么,在谓语之后。
英语句子基本结构成分详细归纳打印版
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英语句子基本结构成分详细归纳打印版什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。
在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。
句子成分由词或词组充当。
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。
掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
英语五种基本句型列式如下:一:SV(主+谓)二:SVP(主+系+表)三:SVO(主+谓+宾)四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)一、SV(主+谓)主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。
主语一般在句首。
注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。
不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
S│V(不及物动词)1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。
2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。
3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。
4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
5. Who │cares? 管它呢?6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。
7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
英语句子成分及基本结构(小升初英语)
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英语句子成分及基本结构一:句子成分英语的句子结构根据每一部分的语法功能可以分为主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语等。
1.主语:主语是句子的主体,句子中动作的发出者或执行者,一般由名词,代词或动名词等充当。
She is a famous artist.2. 谓语: 用来说明主语所做的动作或处在什么状态,由动词来充当She read the book yesterday.It rains heavily in this season.3.宾语宾语是动作的对象或承受者,常位于及物动词或介词后面。
宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。
My coach always encourages me.We study English very hard.4.定语用于修饰和限定名词,代词等,从而说明他们的性质,特点,范围等情况。
定语可以由形容词和名词,介词短语,不定式等充当。
如果定语由形容词或名词充当时放在被修饰词的前面,定语如果是介词短语或不定式放在被修饰词的后面,称为定语后置。
That is an exciting race.There are 20 women teachers in my school.I have a lot of things to do.The boy in brown pants is my cousin.5.状语说明事物发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,方式,结果,条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。
I like staying at home.(地点)Ten years ago, She began to learn piano.(时间)We put off the meeting because of the bad weather.(原因)He buys a gift to make her happy.(目地)If I finish my homework in 30 minutes, I will chat with you on wechat. (条件)6.表语用于表现主语的身份,特征,状态等情况,放在系动词的后面,由形容词,名词,介词短语,不定式短语等充当。
高考英语句子成分及句子基本结构(共32张PPT)(2024版)
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go swimming, how about you?
(四)表语
• 表语说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份, 与连系动词一起构成复合谓语。
• We are Chinese. (名词) • I’m not quite myself today. (代词) • Who was the first? (数词) • The war was over. (副词) • He is out of condition. (介词短词) • They seem to know the truth. (动词不定式) • His hobby is playing computer games.(动名词短语) • That is what he told me yesterday. (从词)
• ② There is an old man coming here.
(名词)
• ③To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
(不定式)
㈡谓语 说明主语的动作、状态和特征
• 谓语由简单谓语和复合谓语组成。 • ①简单谓语 • The sun rises in the east. • He looked after two orphans. • ②复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; • He can speak English very well. • The work must be done before three o’clock.
• Do you know the man who spoke just now?
句子成分和语态
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英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构一、句子的基本结构(5种)1、主语+谓语(s+v)2、主语+系动词+表语(s+l+p)3、主语+谓语+宾语(s+v+o)4、主语+谓语+间接宾语(指人)+直接宾语(指物)(s+v+io+do)5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(s+v+o+c)二、句子成分:(主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、同位语、插足语)1. 主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。
2. 谓语(predicate):是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。
3. 表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
(常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来), remain(保持,仍是), feel(感觉)……4. 宾语:1)动宾表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任。
放在及物动词或者介词之后。
2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)5. 宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。
6. 定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
7. 状语:用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
练习:划分下列句子成分。
1.He likes dancing. 2.He is a teacher.3.The food smells delicious.4.Are you afraid of the snake?5.He gave me a book yesterday6.You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.7.We will make them happy. 8.Don’t let him do that.9.He asked her to take the boy out of school.10.Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher 11.He is our friend.12.The man over there is my old friend13.I will go there tomorrow. 14.The meeting will be held in the meeting room.15. He began to learn English when he was eleven.16.The meat went bad because of the hot weather17.He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.18.If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike.划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语①Please tell us a story. ②My father bought a new bike for me last week.②Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.③Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. ⑤Did he leave any message for me?动词的语态1.A new road ____ near my school next year.(2016,北京A.builds B.will build C.is built D.will be built2.Paper ____ first ________ about 2,000 years ago in China.(2016,天津)A.is;creating B.is;created C.has;created D.was;created3.Students do less homework ually it ____ before 9 o'clock in the evening.(2016,重庆) A.finishes B.finished C.is finished D.was finished4。
(完整版)英语句子成分及结构
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英语句子成分及句子结构英语句子基本构成成分:主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如I ,we, he, she, they ),数词、动词不定式,动名词等。
最常用的便是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式。
主语一般在句首。
(1)名词作主语English is very important. 英语是很重要的。
The students all love their English teacher. ‘这些学生都爱他们的英语老师。
(2)代词作主语They go to school by bus. 他们乘公共汽车上学。
(3)动名词作主语Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。
It’s no use regretting it. 后悔是无用的。
(4)动词不定式(短语)作主语To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
It is necessary to master a foreign language.掌握一门外语是很必要的谓语:谓语由动词构成,谓语时态、语态的变化都体现在动词的变化上,一般在主语之后。
(1)及物动词作谓语We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。
All of the students like the novel. 所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。
(2)不及物动词作谓语Yo u’re driving too fast. 你开车开得太快了。
The teacher came in, book in hand. 老师走进教室,手里拿着书。
(3)连系动词作谓语He looks worried.他看起来很担心。
The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。
(4) 复合谓语:①由情态动词加动词原形构成。
如:You may keep the book for two weeks.②由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。
英语句子成分及结构解析精选全文完整版
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My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)
To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. (不定式)
The question is whether they will come(. 表语从句)
keep, leave, sell, show等。
(五).补语
补语(complement)是一种补足主语和宾语 的意义的句子成分。补足主语意义的句子 成分叫做主语补语(subject complement), 补足宾语意义的句子成分叫做宾语补语 (object complement).
对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor. (名词) We will make them happy. (形容词) We found nobody in. (副词) Please make yourself at home. (介词短语) Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式)
(四).宾语
1)动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China. (名词) He hates you. (代词) How many do you need? We need two.(数词) I enjoy working with you. (动名词)
I hope to see you again. (不定式) Did you write down what he said?(宾语从句)
2) 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake?
Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3) 双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物) He gave me a book yesterday.
初高英语衔接-《英语句子成分及基本结构》PPT课件41张
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表语(predicative)
表语用以说明主语是什么或怎么样,它 一般位于系动词之后,构成主系表结构 ,说明主语的状况,性质,特征等。
1 I am a teacher. 〔名词〕 2 I am ten. 〔数词〕 3 He became rich and successful. 〔形
容词〕 4 Everyone is here. 〔副词〕 5 They are at home now. 〔 介词短语〕 6 My job is to teach them English. 〔
定语
修饰名词或代词的词、短语为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示: 1 She is a beautiful city.〔形容词〕
2 My beef noodles is here. ( 代词〕〔名词〕 3 The boy with glasses is my brother. (介词短语〕 4 I have something to say.( 不定式〕
night.
找出以下句子的谓语
• 1. We saw them playing football. • 2. Our teacher is telling us something. • 3. A blind man was walking slowly. • 4. Friends make my life full of excitement. • 5. Recently ,we have developed the good
2014高考《英语句子成分及基本结构》PPT课件
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独立成分
有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分,称为句 子独立成分 感叹词:oh,hello,aha,ah,等。 肯定词yes
否定词no 称呼语:mum, dad。
插入语:一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。 如: The story, I think, has never come to the end 情态词,表示说话人的语气(多作为修饰全句的状
▪ We found everything in the lab in good order.
We will soon make our city what your city is now.
第12页,共54页。
定语(attributive)
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以 下等成分表示:
▪ 16. Would you please tell me your O.
address?Adverbial
Adverbial
▪ 17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
▪ ▪
1c18l9eA..aHIStn.eiasnnoodutitrciddeyduPO.tayr.eCmtdo.iacknaeteeivnpetoerurthcelarsosormoo. Om.C.
英语句子成分及基本结构
第1页,共54页。
(一)句子成分的定义
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分 和次要成分;
主要成分有主语(subject)和谓语(predicate);
次要成分有表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语 (attribute)、状语(adverbial)、补足语(complement) 和同位语(appositive)。
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宾语补足语(complement of object)
英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语 以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子 的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型 为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补 )。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定 式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。
• His father named him Dongming.(名词) They painted their boat white.(形容词) Let the fresh air in.(副词) You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. (不定式短语) We saw her entering the room.(现在分词) We found everything in the lab in good order.( 介词短语)
2主语+系动词+表语(SVC)
• 系动词 • 一 be动词类: am、 is 、are 、was 、were
二 表示变化类:become、 get 、 turn 、 grow 、 go 三 感官动词类: look sound smell taste feel appear, seem 四 表示延续性的动词 :remain 、stay 、keep
2、按句子的结构可分三种:
1)简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语) 和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。 e.g. He often reads English in the morning.
简单句的五种基本句型
1主语+不及物动词:( S V) We work. She came. My head aches. The bell rang.简单句、并列句和复合句
(一)句子种类两种分类法 1、按句子的用途可分四种: 1)陈述句(肯定、否定):He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before. 2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意):Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she? 3)祈使句:Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class 4)感叹句:How clever the boy is!
宾语(object)
宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后 面。例如:
They went to see an exhibition yesterday.(名词) The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time. (代词) How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词) They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词 化形容词) He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语) I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语) I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句)
独立成分
有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分,称为句 子独立成分 感叹词:oh,hello,aha,ah,等。 肯定词yes 否定词no 称呼语:mum, dad。 插入语:一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。 如: The story, I think, has never come to the end 情态词,表示说话人的语气(多作为修饰全句的状 语):perhaps也许,maybe大概,actually实际上,certainly当 然,等。
4、主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾 语+直接宾语)(SVIOO)(SVOiO)
• e.g. My father bought me a car. ------My father bought a car for me
• He gave me three yuan. • ------He gave three yuan to me
英语句子成分及基本结构
(一)句子成分的定义
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有 主要成分和次要成分;
主要成分有主语(subject)和谓语(predicate) ;
次要成分有表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定 语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)、补足语 (complement)和同位语(appositive)。
He is reading a book that he has never read.(定语从句)
状语(adverbial)
• 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的 句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示:
• Light travels most quickly.(副词及副词性词组) He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语) He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短语) He is in the room making a model plane.(分词短语) Wait a minute.(名词) Once you begin, you must continue.(状语从句)
表语(predicative)
表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态, 它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一 般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、 不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语 从句表示。
Our teacher of English is an American. (名词)
谓语(predicate)
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。 动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的 构成如下:
• 1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如 :He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语:由情态动词或其他助动词加动词 原形构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.
状语种类如下
How about meeting again at six?(时间状语) Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain. (原因状语) I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.(条件状语) Mr Smith lives on the third floor.(地点状语) She put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式状语) She came in with a dictionary in her hand.(伴随状语) In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.(目的 状语) He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(结果状语) She works very hard though she is old.(让步状语) I am taller than he is.(比较状语)
He is a student
• His face turned red • The apple tastes sweet • The soldier keeps still.
3主语+及物动词+宾语(SVO)
• e.g. Henry bought a dictionary. • Mike ate three cakes • she drew a beautiful picture.
Is it yours? (代词)
The weather has turned cold. (形容词)
The speech is exciting. (分词)
Three times seven is twenty one? (数词)
His job is to teach English.(不定式) His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词 ) The machine must be out of order.(介词短语) Time is up. The class is over.(副词) The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表 语从句)
(二)句子的具体成分
• 主语(subject):主语是一个句子所叙述的 主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、 疑问句(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句 中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后 面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式 、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等 表示。
1 During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. (名词) 2 We often speak English in class. (代词) 3 One-third of the students in this class are girls. (数词) 4 To swim in the river is a great pleasure. (不定式)
同位语
同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代 词或名词短语对前者加以说明的成分,近 乎于后置定语。如: We students should study hard. We all are students. Carol , an American teacher, will come to our school.