第一章：儿童文学概述

The concept of children’s literature in history
In the west, the concept of children’s literature as the teaching and training of children’s behaviors had prevailed for a long time, almost from the 18th century to the end of the 19th century. In China, there were three main visions of such a concept in different periods: The literature for children (around the 20s in the 20th century, the beginning of the modern children’s literature) The literature teaching children (the 30s until the 80s in the 20th century)“ The literature adapting to the children (after the 80th century)
I What is children’s literature?
1.1 Children's literature is a literary genre of books that appeal to children, though many books within the genre can also be enjoyed by teenagers and adults. -----from Wikipedia
As far as folktales are concerned, the Brothers Grimm,Jakob and Wilhem of the early nineteenth century were responsible for the writing down and preserving of the oral tradition. Previous to Newbery, literature marketed for children was intended to instruct the young, though there was a rich oral tradition of storytelling for children and adults; and many tales later considered to be inappropriate for children, such as the fairy tales of Charles Perrault(夏尔· 佩罗) may have been considered family fare.
Chapter5 Nursery rhymes Ⅰ. Nursery rhyme and its origin Ⅱ. Nursery rhyme and children's second language learning Ⅲ. English Classic for Children Nursery rhyme Ⅳ. TPR Nursery rhymes Ⅴ. Nursery rhymes and finger play Ⅵ. Questions for thinking Ⅶ. Skill building
"Children's literature also teaches history,
and when children do not see their history in school they began to think it is not worthy of learning." ---- Rudolpho Anaya
Chapter4 Modern literature Ⅰ.A brief introduction of Multiple Intelligences Ⅱ. Stories relate to Multiple Intelligences Ⅲ. Questions Ⅳ. Skill building
Additionally, some literature not written with children in mind was given to children by adults. Among the earliest examples found in English of this co-opted adult fiction are Thomas Malory's Morte d'Arthur and the Robin Hood tales.
Note: Orbis Pictus, or Orbis Sensualium Pictus (The Visible World in Pictures) is a textbook for children written by Czech educator Comenius and published in 1658. It is something of a children's encyclopedia and is considered to be the first picture book intended for children.

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皇帝住的皇宫，是世界上最宏伟的，是用最精美的 瓷砖瓷瓦砌成的。花园里有各种各样的奇花异草， 在花枝上都系着银铃，发出清脆的声音。在御花园 里，一切都是非常精心布置过的。花园是那么广阔， 连花匠自己也不知道尽头在什么地方。如果你不停 地走，你就会走进最美妙的树林，树林一直延伸到 海边，大船可以一直驶到岸边树枝下。在树丛中有 一只夜莺，它唱得十分动听，连那位贫苦渔夫夜间 去收鱼网时，也会一动不动地躺下倾听。 (儿童文 学特点 作品与作家 有童心的作家 儿童品 质的普世价值 written and accepted by adults)
Note :Charles Perrault (12 January 1628 – 16 May 1703) was a French author who laid foundations for a new literary genre, the fairy tale, and whose best known tales, often derived from pre-existing folk tales, include Le Petit Chaperon rouge (Little Red Riding Hood), Tales of Mother Goose
2.2 The depth of children’s literature For much of its history, children's literature has been overlooked or looked down on by scholars. But in recent years children's literature has assumed greater importance, as literary critics, psychologists, anthropologists, and historians have begun to discover what children and parents have known for centuries: that this is a literature of extraordinary richness, depth, and delight.
1.2 Competing history of children’s literature？（作家与作品）
Because of the difficulty in defining children's literature, it is also difficult to trace its history to a precise starting point. In 1658 Jan Á mos Komenský published the illustrated informational book Orbis Pictus; it's considered to be the first picture book published specifically for children. John Newbery's 1744 publication of A Little Pretty Pocket-Book, sold with a ball for boys or a pincushion for girls, is considered a landmark for the beginning of pleasure reading marketed specifically to children.
2.3 Children’s literature vs. adults’ literature (two perspectives involved here)
While most children's literature is specifically written for children, many classic books that were originally intended for adults are now commonly thought of as works for children, including Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.