英语教学论课件总结

英语教学论Relationship of three termsApproach theoreticalMethodTechnique practicalNote: Techniques must be consistent with a method, and therefore in harmony with an approach as well.Views on languagethe structural view结构主义理论Def: sees language as a linguistic system made up of various subsystemsthe sound system、the discrete units of meaning produced by sound combination 、the system of combining units of meaning for communication .Content: to learn a language means to learn these structural itemsAim: to understand and produce languageThe functional view功能主义理论：Def: not only sees language as a linguistic system but also a means for doing things.Content: know how to combine the grammatical rules and the vocabulary to express notions that perform the functionAim:to do thingsthe interactional view.互相作用理论：Def: considers language to be a communicative toolContent: to know the grammar and vocabulary of the language but as importantly they need to know the rules for using them in a whole range of communicative contexts .Aim: to build up and maintain social relations between people.Final tips:1. The structural view limits knowing a language to knowing its structural rules and vocabulary.2. The communicative or notional-functional view adds the need to know how to use the rules and vocabulary to do whatever one wants to do.3. The interactional view says that to know how to do what you want to do involves also knowing whether it is appropriate to do, and where, when and how it is appropriate to do it.Views on language learningBehavioral theories: you can train an animal to do anything if you follow a certain procedure which has three major stages, stimulus, response, and reinforcement.”teacher-centeredStimulus Organism Response behaviorReinforcement No reinforcement/Negative reinforcementHabitHumanistic learning theories:Humanistic psychology is concerned with the development of the whole person. According to humanists, schools must be able to accomplish their goals:(student-centered )develop healthy self-concepts,satisfy each child’s needs for security and love,foster respect for self and othersencourage uniqueness and diversityallow each child to become what he or she truly can beallow freedom of choice and individual responsibilityhelp each child feel that he or she is a decent, capable, lovable, worthwhile human being了解constructivism theory: Coming to know is a process of adaptation based on and constantly modified by a learner’s experience of the world. Knowledge is actively constructed by the learner, not passively received from the environmentZone of Proximal Development: (ZDP) “the distance between the actual development level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peer” Social-constructivist theory :Based on the concept of “Zone of Proximal Development” (ZPD), it regards learning as a dynamic interaction between the teacher and the learner and betweenlearners. Scaffold (支架理论)：With the teacher’s scaffolding through questions and explanations, or with a more capable peer’s support, the learner can move to a higher level of understanding and extend his skills and knowledge to the fullest potential.A brief history of western language teaching⑴Before 16th century：Latin was the only focus of studying language It was the dominant language of education, commerce, religion, and government in the western world(2）After 16th century: French, Italian, and English gained in importance as a result of political changes in tin became displaced as a language of spoken and written communication.⑶From the 17th century to the 19th century：The learning of Latin exerted great impact upon the early teaching in western world⑷By the 19th century：Gradually, the approach based on the study of Latin had became the standard way of studying foreign languages in schools. It became known as theGrammar-Translation Method5）Toward mid-19th century：GT Method in teaching and learning was gradually rejected.⑹Toward the late 19th century：IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet).The emphasis on natural language learning principles ultimately led to the development of what came to be known as the Direct Method.⑺Teaching methods in the 20th century:Grammar-Translation MethodTheoretical relevance in linguistics：1.Philology （语文学）：originally: the love of words≈linguistics: the scientific study of language. In a restricted sense：it refers to the branch of linguistic study devoted to comparative and historical research into the development of languages.In a wider sense：it is the study of ancient literary text.2. Historical-Comparative Linguistics(历史比较语言学)It is historical in the sense that it deals with the historical development of individual languages. It is comparative in the sense that it aims at developing and elucidating the genetic relationships that exist between and among languages, classifying related languages into language families, and reconstructing their ancestral languageslanguage families(四大语系)Indo-European Family印欧语系The Sino-Tibetan Family汉藏语系The Austronesian Family南岛语系The Afroasiatic Family 非亚语系Ttheoretical relevance in psychologyFaculty Psychology官能心理学：It views the mind as a collection of separate modules or faculties assigned to various mental tasks. 解析：虽然心灵的官能是人生来就有的，但它们就像肌肉一样，必须经过训练才能得到发展和加强。