特殊句式之——倒装
英语特殊句式--倒装句
else in the world can you see (世界上没有其他地方你能看见) such a 14.Nowhere ________________ wonderful sight. (see)
will we be the first (one) (我们不会成为第一个) to use nuclear 15. Under no circumstances________________ weapons. (first) moving film was it 这是一部如此感人的电影)that they were all lost in thought 16.Sucha________________( after it was over. (moving) can we finish the work ahead of time (我们才能提前 17.Only by seizing every minute________________ 完成工作). (finish) Child as he is 18. _________________________( 虽然他是个孩子), he is always thinking of
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部分倒装 1、so, neither, nor 开头: (1)So+ 助动词 + 主语(前句是肯定句) He devoted his life to abstract research, so did that scientist. 他把一生都致力于抽象理论研究上去了,那位科学家也是这样。 (2)neither / nor +助动词 + 主语(前句是否定句) He has never been abroad, neither / nor has Jim. (3)Neither / nor + 助动词 + 相同主语 I haven’t heard from him for a long time, neither / nor have I seen him. 我很久未收到他的信,也没有见到过他。 注意:“so + 主语 + 助动词”重复强调上句内容,不是倒装。 —John does better in English than his sister, 约翰的英语学得比他妹妹好。 —So he does, 确实是这样。
特殊句式之——倒装
特殊句式之——(1)倒装句一、完全倒装:谓语部分完全放在主语之前练习:1.For a moment nothing happened. Then___all shouting together.A.voices had come voicesB. would come voices come2.Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away___.A.fleeing the thief fleeing the thiefB.the thief was fleeing the thief二、部分倒装只把be动词、助动词、情态动词提到主语前,叫部分倒装。
注意:so+sb/sth.+助动词某人、某物确实如此Eg. Helen likes music,so she does.练习:by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent___ properly in this hospital.A.can be the patients treated the patients be treated C.the patients can be treated can be the patientsonce___ to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.it did occur occurred it occur3.——I reminded you not to forget the appointment.——____.A.So you didB. So I do not did you do I三、形式倒装(强调作用)将强调内容提前,主谓不倒装练习:____,his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.A.Strange as might it soundB.As it might sound strangeC.As strange it might soundD.Strange as it might sound四、倒装句综合练习题:1.(2014陕西)No sooner___stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.A.had Mo Yan Yan had Mo Yan Yan has2.(2016天津十二区县二联)So buried___ in doing her homework that she didn’t notice it got dark outside.A.was sheB. she was she did3.(2015天津十二区县一联)Only when our project has been approved of by the committee ____to carry it out.A.did we start started we start start4.(2015天津七校四月联考)Not until I had watched the football match between Brazil and Germany_____ to bed last night.A.I went had gone I gone I gone5.(2015天津南开中学高三五测)Little ____ about her own safety, thought she was in great danger herself.A.did Marry care did care does care Mary care6.(2015陕西质检二)It is all your fault. By no means____ left alone at home.A.should a two-year-old beB. a two-year-old should be be a two-year-old a two-year-old should7.(2016江苏苏锡常镇二模)____on mobile phones for storinginformation that people are unable to remember basic things.A.Such is the dependence dependence doesthey are dependent do they depend8.(2015天津红桥区一模)It is known that water is not an endless resource;_____can it be made once more, so we should save and protect it.A.so9.(2016天津高考压轴卷)Into the dark apartment_____,who was quite surprised when everyone shouted “Happy birthday!”A.did David walk did walk walked David10.(2014重庆市重庆一中高三下学期第一次月考,29)— Are the rest of our guests here—Not yet…. Look, there _____!A. come theyB. they cameC. do they comeD. they come11.(2014吉林省实验中学高三第一次模拟,29)______ you eat the correct food ____ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.A. Unless; will youB. Only if; you willC. Only if; will youD. Unless; you will12.(河南省中原名校2013届高三上学期期中联考,34)It's too messy in your room. Look, by the bed ____ a pile of dirty clothes.A. are liedB. layC. are lyingD. lies13.(2015天津,3)Only when Lily walked into the office______that she had left the contract at home.realized she realized has realized she realize 14.(2012天津, 6) Only after Mary read her composition the second time_____ the spelling mistake.A. did she noticeB. she noticedC. does she noticeD. she has noticed15.(2017和平区高三年级模拟考试)I’m my illness, I would have come and lent you a helping hand.Were it not B. If it were not it not been it has not been16.(2017十二区县高三年级模拟考试)Nowadays many teenagers often take their parents’ love for granted. Seldom____what they should return them when they are old.they think think they they17.(11福建)—It’s nice.Never before ____such a special drink!—I’m glad you like it.A. I have hadB. I hadC. have I hadD. had I18. (10江西)Not until he left his home to know how important the family was for him.A. did he beginB. had he begunC. he beganD. he has begun19. (10四川)We laugh at jokes, but seldom about how they work.A. we thinkB. think weC. we do thinkD. do we think20. (09重庆)Unsatisfied with the payment, he tookthe job just to get some work experience.A. though was heB. though he wasC. he was thoughD. was he though。
特殊句式倒装句
7.当“so/such ...that...”中“so/such”位于句首,表示“如此... 以至于...”, 引起部分到装.前倒后不倒! 例: So nice is she that everyone likes her.
8.so+形容词/副词 或者such 位于句首,引起部分倒装。 例如: So happy did he look just then. Such is he .
谢谢
9. 在 由 if 引 导 的 虚 拟 语 气 的 从 句 中 , 若 有 were/should/had等词时,可将if省略,将刚刚那三类词 提前到主语前面,引起部分倒装。
If I were you,I would try again. 改成:Were I you,I would try again. ______ earn money, I would live better. A I did B I should C Did I D Should I
10.方式副词well或频度副词often, many a time, always, once, every two hours置于句首的句子。(有时候也可以不用倒装) 1)Often did I remind him not to do that. 2)Many a time has he made the same mistake.
部分倒装
(将谓语的一部分置于主语之前,如助动词、连系动词 或情态动词,引起部分倒装)
1.含有否定或半否定意义的副词或连词置于句首,如hardly, rarely, seldom, scarcely, barely, never, not, few, little, neither, nor, in no case, by no means 等。 (部分倒装) Never have I seen such a beautiful flower. 注意: 如否定词不在句首不倒装
高考专题特殊句式----倒装(熟记方法附上习题跟答案)
倒装使用倒装可以简单归结为“闹事”原则,这里的闹事指:N:never,not,hardly等否定词或否定短语谓语句首;A:as引导的让步状语从句调整语序的形式倒装或前置;O:only+状语谓语句首,用部分倒装;S:so,such;H:here,there地点和时间副词至于句首,用完全倒装;I:if虚拟语气中省略if,进行部分倒桩;接下来先说说一说什么是部分倒装和全部倒装,英语句子中,主语和谓语有两种顺序:一是主语在前,叫自然语序。
反之,如果谓语在主语前就是倒装语序,又分全部倒装和部分倒装。
全部倒装是把全部谓语放在主语之前,部分倒装是把助动词,系动词或情态动词提前,剩下的句子主谓不变。
N:否定副词及短语置于句首1.否定副词never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,rarely等置于句首,句子部分倒装。
例句:Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.直到我参加了工作我才意识到我浪费了多少时间。
2.at no time(无论如何,绝不),under/in no circumstance(在任何情况下都不),in no case, by no means,on no condition,Not.. until, (直到...才),no sooner...than=hardly...when/scarcely...when(一....就...)例句:Little do I dream of seeing such wonderful scenery.我想象不到会看到这样美妙的景色。
A:由as引导让步状语从句要用部分倒装或前置。
句式为:表语/状语/动词原形+as+主语+其他,它只把强调的内容提到句首,主谓并不倒装,其中注意,如果从句的表语提前,且表语是名词,复数或不可数直接提前,后面句子照抄,如果是单数,冠词要省去。
文言文的倒装句
【倒装句】
三 宾语前置
现代汉语基本句式:(定)主+【状】谓<补>+(定)宾
把宾语置于谓语之前以示强调,这是宾语前置。
1 句读之不知,惑之不解。(《师说》) “之”“是”帮助宾语前置
2 噫,微斯人,吾谁与归?(《岳阳楼记》) 疑问句中代词作宾语,导致宾语前置
6. 其两膝相比者,各隐卷底衣褶中。 (《核舟记》)(定语后置,应为“其相比者两膝” 他们互相靠近的两膝,都被遮蔽 在手卷下边的衣褶里) 7.果得于数里外(《河中石兽》) (状语后置,应为“果于数里外得”) 8.还自扬州(《伤仲永》) (状语后置,应为“自扬州还”) 9. 盖简桃核修狭者为之 (《核舟记》) (定语后置,应为“盖简修狭者桃核为之”) 10. 醒能述(之)以文者,太守也(《醉翁亭记》) (省略句,省略宾语;倒装句,状语“以文”后置) 11 时人莫之许也(《隆中对》) (宾语前置,应为“莫许之”) 12. 何苦而不平(《愚公移山》) (宾语前置,应为“苦何而不平”)
现代汉语基本句式:(定语)主【+ 状语】 谓+ <补语>(定语) 宾
【倒装句】
五 状语后置 介词“以”“于”“乎”等后面带上宾语,组成介宾结构短语。这咋红介宾结构
在现代汉语中一般放在动词或者形容词前边充当状语,在文言中,却多数放在动词或 者形容词后边,这种状语后置的句式我们也称之为“介宾结构后置”。 活动五 指出下列句子中的状语后置现象。 1 公与之乘,战于长勺。(《曹刿论战》) 2 虽才高于世,而无骄尚(骄傲自负)之情。(《张衡传》) 3 三顾臣于草庐之中,咨臣以当世之事。(《出师表》) 4 生乎吾前(《师说》)
英语:特殊句式-倒装句
倒装句是高考考查的重点句式之一。 我们应当熟记完全倒装、部分倒装 及特殊倒装结构的有关句式。
下面,我们就以下几个方面来对倒 装句进行讨论。
一、倒装句的概念 二、倒装句的类型 三、倒装结构的用法及注意点 四、倒装句习题精选
一、倒装句的概念
在英语中,正常语序为主语在前,谓语在后。如果将谓 语的全部或一部分提到主语的前面,这种语序就叫倒装。
e.g. ① Isn’t it interesting! 真有趣! ② May you succeed! 祝您成功! ③ Long live the people! 人民万岁!
(8) 直接引语的一部分或全部位于句首,主句用完 全倒装
e.g. “ You’d better it at once”, said his mother. 注: 这种用法中常用谓语动词为say, think, ask, cry等。
(6)当句子中作表语的形容词、过去分词等较短,而主语相 对比较长,为了保持句子平衡而将表语前置时,句子的主谓 语也应完全倒装。 e.g. ① Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people. ② Present at the meeting were some scientists from China. (7)表示感叹、祝愿的句子
e.g. ① ——My room gets very cold at night. ——So does mine. ② I don’t like football. Neither does he.
注:如果句意表示肯定或附和 “的确如此”时,句子不用倒装 e.g. —— It’s hot. —— So it is.(的确如此)
文言文特殊句式
这些都是能趁(乘着)大王您酒酣耳热(酒醉、不清醒)之时向您 索求自己所想要的(东西)的人。
(2)潭西南而望,斗折蛇行,明灭可见。(柳宗元《小石潭 记》)
向小石潭的西南方望去,看到溪水像北斗星那样曲折,水流 像蛇那样蜿蜒前行,时隐时现。
4. 根据文章内容,用自己的话说说“客”与赵王谈话的用意是什 么。(2分)
c. 村中少年好事者,驯养一虫 (《促织》) d. 且将军大势可以拒操者,长江也 (《赤壁之战》) !动词担任的定语常常后置 ,名词则不后置!
2、定语后置。 古汉语中有时为了突出修饰语,将定语放在中心词之 后。
类别三:中心词+之+定语
a.居庙堂之高,则忧其民; 处江湖之远,则忧其君。(《岳阳楼记》)
(公)度我至军中,公乃入。“ (司马迁《鸿门宴》)
2、省略谓语
①夫战,勇气也。一鼓作气,再(鼓)而衰,三(鼓)而竭……。 (《曹刿论战》) ②择其善者而从之,(择)其不善者而改之。(《论语》)
(3)省略宾语
a.投(之)以骨 (《狼》) b.君与(之)俱来 (《隆中对》)
(4)省略介词
如: a.林尽(于)水源 (《桃花源记》) b.急湍甚(于)箭。 c.将军战(于)河北,臣战(于)河南。(《鸿门宴》)
b.蚓无爪牙之利,筋骨之强(《劝学》)
!往往是形容词担任定语!
2、定语后置。 古汉语中有时为了突出修饰语,将定语放在中心词之 后。
类别四:中心词+定语
极少!
3、宾语前置。
类别一:否定句中 代词作宾语,宾语前置
常见否定词:不、弗、未、非、否、无、莫 常见代词:余,吾,自,汝,尔,之
a.忌不自信 (《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》) b.时人莫之许也。(《三国志.诸葛亮传》) c.臣未之闻也
文言文特殊句式之倒装句学习
文言文特殊句式之倒装句学习【倒装句主要有四种】1主谓倒置。
在感叹句或疑问句中,为了强调谓语,它被置于句首以加强感叹句或疑问语气。
2宾语前置。
否定句中代词充当宾语、疑问代词充当动词或介词的宾语以及用“之”字或“是”字作为提宾标志时,宾语通常都要前置。
3后定语。
在古代汉语中,为了突出修饰语,定语有时放在首词之后。
4介宾结构后置。
[详情]一、主谓倒装,主谓倒装也叫谓语前置或主语后置。
古汉语中。
谓语的位置也和现代汉语中一样,一般放在主语之后,但有时为了强调和突出谓语的意义,在一些疑问句或感叹句中,就把谓语提前到主语前面。
你怎么了。
整个句子都是“你怎么了”。
你太聪明了。
二、宾语前置文言文中,动词或介词的宾语,一般放置于动词或介词之后,有如下几种情况:在疑问句中,疑问代词是宾语,宾语在前面。
在这类句子中,介词的宾语也是介词。
a.介宾倒装例:孔文子何以谓之“文”也?“何以”是“以何”的倒装,可译为“为什么”微斯人,吾谁与归?“吾谁与归”是“吾与谁归”的倒装,可译为“我和谁同道呢?”b、这对我来说是什么?“你是什么”是“你是什么”的翻版。
在古代汉语中,疑问代词作宾语时,通常放在谓语前面。
都一样。
孔子说:“怎么了?”“What is crude”是“What is crude”的倒转。
那么粗俗的“和”,疑问代词“直”,助词,没有真正的意义,这是这里宾语介词的标志。
2文言否定句中,代词做宾语,宾语前置。
例如,“不自哀”是“不自哀”的倒装,可以翻译为“不为自己悲伤”。
在代词“否定”中,做代词“自我”。
另一个例子是“不要自信”,“自信”的意思是“相信自己”,意思是相信自己。
3用“之”或“是”把宾语提于动词前,以突出强调宾语。
这时的“之”只是宾语前置的标志,没有什么实在意义。
谁给了荷花的爱?“爱莲”是“爱莲”的翻版,可以翻译为“爱莲”。
“志”是一个助词,没有真正的意义。
这是宾语介词的符号。
孔子说:“什么是坏的”和“什么是坏的”是“什么是坏的”的倒转。
特殊句式之倒装
特殊句式之倒装一、there/here句型的倒装以there/here引起的陈述句,系动词或实义动词置于主语之前,但主语为代词时不能倒装Eg:There is no room left for even one more of you,not to mention ten boys.There goes the bell announcing the end of the class.There came an old man,with a walking stick.Here comes the bus.Here you are.二、so、neither、nor表示也(不)时的倒装so、neither、nor作也(不)讲时,表示前面所陈述的事实也适合于另一个主语,或一个主语也具备另一种情况,这类句子也用倒装语序Eg:He has made up his mind to continue with his studies,and so have I.He doesn’t like living in the city,neither/nor does his wife.I don’t know his name,nor do I want to.三、省略虚拟条件中的if引起的倒装在含有were、had、should等的虚拟条件句中,省略if时,常用倒装Eg:Were I in his position,I wouldn’t do it that way.Had you been more careful,such spelling mistakes might have been avoided.Should it rain tomorrow,we would have to put off the sports meet.四、may表示祝愿时常置于主语前Eg:May all of you succeed in the coming examinations!May you have a pleasant journey to Europe.五、强调句子成分的倒装1、否定词位于句首含有否定词或半否定意义的词或短语not、little、hardly、never、at no time,by no means,under no condition,in no case,nowhere,seldom,few等置于句首时,句子常用部分倒装Eg:Not a single book have I read this week.Little did he realize that we were watching his every move,so he seemed to be going his own way in the business.Never have I seen such a splendid building.Seldom had I seen such a big snake before I came to this island. 注意:上面的否定词或短语的否定范围包括整个句子时,才引起倒装;如果仅起局部否定的作用(如只对主语进行否定等),则句子不用倒装Eg:Not everyone can do things perfectly.2、not until句式中的倒装Not until位于句首时,句子用部分倒装;not until引导状语从句位于句首时,主句用部分倒装Not until I came home last night did Mom go to bed.Not until the motorbike looked almost new did he stop repairing and cleaning it.3、no sooner ....than等句式中的倒装no sooner....than,hardly....when,not only....but also,等句式中的no sooner,hardly位于句首时,主句用部分倒装;not only 位于句首时,第一分句用部分倒装Eg:Hardly had I picked up the phone when he hung up.Not only did the prices increase,but their wages were raised as well.4、以only引起的副词,介词短语,状语从句置于句首时,其后的句子用部分倒装Eg:Only by working hard can we succeed.Only when I left my parents for Italy did I realize how much I loved them.5、so/such...that..结构中的so...位于句首时,主句一般用部分倒装;such...位于句首时有事也用部分倒装So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.So quickly did the workman finish their work that they were given extra money.So clever is he that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book.Such was Albert Einstein,a simple but great scientist.6、方式状语、频度状语等提至句首时,常用部分倒装Eg:Many a time has he offered me good advice on how to make use of the Internet.Long did we wait before we heard from him.Often have I warned him not to go swimming alone.这种倒装形式也可见于定语从句中:eg:The hens lay eggs,out of which come other chickens.The bus was already crowded,in the front of which were sitting quite a few children.六、表示方向、地点、时间等的副词位于句首时,句子全部倒装这类词常见的有;in,out,down,up,off,back,away,over there,there,now,then,first等Eg:Then out rushed a pack of dogs.In came a girl,wearing a white skirt with two long pigtails. Down come all of you.Now comes your turnThere goes the bell for break.七、表示地点、时间的介词短语放在句首,主语较长又无宾语是,一般要倒装Eg:Through the window came out the sweet music.After the head walked a group of workers.八、有时为了保持句子的结构平衡而调整主语和谓语的位置形成倒装,特别是主语带有较长的修饰语时,更需要倒装Eg:Ahead sat the old man who told us the stories about the Long March.长征Many and long were the conversations they held through the prison way.。
特殊句式之倒装句以及省略句讲义
特殊句式之倒装句以及省略句讲义知识点一:倒装句英语最基本的语序是主语在前,谓语动词在后。
但有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调,就要采用倒装形式。
一、全部倒装全部倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。
此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。
常见的结构有:1.here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首,谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。
There goes the bell.〖10江苏〗—Is everyone here?—Not ye t……Look , there_______ the rest of our guests!A. comeB. comesC. is comingD. are coming2.表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语是表示运动的动词。
In came the teacher.老师进来了。
注意:上述全部倒装的句型的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
Here he comes. 他来了。
〖10重庆〗At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River______, one of the ten largest cities in China.A. lies ChongqingB. Chongqing liesC. does lie ChongqingD. does Chongqing lie3.表地点的词语置于句首或强调地点概念时用全部倒装。
On the table were some flowers.桌子上有一些花。
二、部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。
如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
常见的情况有:1.带有否定意义的词或短语放在句首,语序需要部分倒装。
特殊句式之倒装
特殊句式之倒装英语的基本语序是“主语+谓语+其他成分”,即主语在前,谓语在后。
但有时出于语法和修辞的需要,我们会将句子的整个谓语或谓语的一部分放在主语前面构成倒装结构。
其中将主语谓语完全颠倒的叫做完全倒装;只将助动词移到主语前面的,叫做部分倒装。
一、部分倒装由于语法和修辞的原因将助动词(包括系动词、情态动词)提到主语的前面,称之为分倒装。
具体情况分为以下几种:I.一般疑问句中将谓语置于主语前面,构成语法倒装;以疑问词为宾语、表语或状语的特殊疑问句,需要将疑问词置于句首,将助动词(包括系动词、情态动词)置于主语前,构成部分倒装。
1.Where have you been these days?2.Have you heard from Jane lately?3.Do you lie reading Pride and Prejudice?*在特殊疑问句中,如果疑问词作主语或修饰主语时,则无须倒装。
1.Who let out the secret?2.What colour is the carpet?II.Only修饰状语时的部分倒装“Only+状语/状语从句”结构位于句首时,句子的主语或主句中主语和谓语要部分倒装。
1.Only in this way can you solve the problem.(You can solve the problem only in this way.)2.Only in your own heart can you find the true peace.(You can find the true peace only in your own heart.)3.Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.(He realized he had made a big mistake only after he had spoken out the word.)III表示否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时要部分倒装。
文言文特殊句式之倒装句 (教学课件-PPT)
2、下列句中不是宾语前置的一句
是(B )
A、 沛公安在? B、苟全性命于乱世,不求闻达于诸侯 C、吾谁与归? D、彼且奚适也
3、下列各句中不是宾语前置的一
句是( D )
A、何陋之有?
B、惟兄嫂是依。
C、时不我待。
D、马之千里者
4、不是宾语前置的一句是( C )
A、 之二虫又何知? B、 卿欲何言? C、月出于东山之上, D、 宋何罪之有?
1. 判断下列句子是何种倒装,并译之
时不我待 客有吹洞箫者,倚歌而和之。 宋,何罪之有? 夫晋,何厌之有? 遂率子孙荷担者三夫 彼且奚适也 不吾知其亦已兮 彼且恶(何)乎待哉? 吾实为之,其又何尤(怨)? 无情郎安在?
•
文 言 文 特 殊 句式之 倒装句 ( 优秀 课件P PT)
秋水
庄子 • 泾:同“径”,直。
秋水时至,百川灌河;• 涘:水边,岸
泾流之大,两涘渚崖之间 • 渚:水中的小块陆地。
不辩牛马。于是焉河伯欣 • 崖:高的河岸。
然自喜,以天下之美为尽 • 辩:同“辨”,分辨,辨认。
在己。顺流而东行,至于 • 北海,东面而视,不见水 • 端目“野。 ,语望于有洋是之向焉曰若河,而伯‘叹始闻曰旋道:其百面,•••
古汉语特殊句式 包; • 东西街,南北走,出门看见人咬狗; • 拿起狗来打砖头,又怕砖头咬着手; • 稀奇稀奇真稀奇,麻雀踩死老母鸡; • 蚂蚁身长三尺六, • 八十岁的老头儿坐在摇篮里。
《考试大纲》要求
1、③理解与现代汉语不同的句式和用法 不同的句式和用法:判断句、被动句、 倒装句、成分省略和词类活用(属于理 解层级B ) 2、题型:选择题和翻译题
河伯:传说的黄河之神 望洋:仰视的样子。 若:海神名。 百:泛指多。 少:形容词的意动用法,认 为……少,小看。
特殊句式之倒装句)
【5】数量词做定语多放在中心词后面。格式:
中心语+数量定语
译文:“等到了陈这个地方,有六七百辆车,千多名骑兵, 数万名士兵”
①比至陈,车六七百乘,骑千余,卒数万人。
②一食或尽粟一石(《马说》) 译文:“吃东西有时能吃完一石粮食”
练习评讲
• 1.太子及宾客知其事者皆白衣冠以送之 《战国策•荆何刺秦王》 定语后置句 • 2. 国之孺子之游者(《勾践灭吴》) 定语后置句 吴国出游的年青人 • 3.具告以事。 《鸿门宴》 状语后置句 • 4.四方之士来者。(《勾践灭吴》) 定语后置句 四方前来投奔吴国的士人 • 5. 青,取之于蓝,而青于蓝 《劝学》状语后置句 • 6.美哉,我少年中国。 《少年中国说》 主谓倒装句 • 7.苟全性命于乱世,不求闻达于诸侯 《出师表》 状语后置句 • 8.荆州之民附操者。(《赤壁之战》)定语后置句 荆州依附曹操的老百姓 • 9.军书十二卷,卷卷有爷名 《木兰辞》定语后置句 • 10.不仁哉!梁惠王也 。 《孟子•尽心下》主谓倒装句
③覆之以掌 (《促织》)
们反复讲述”
译文:“用手掌覆盖(蟋蟀)”
(2)格式:动+于(乎,相当“于”)+宾 ①能谤讥于市朝 (《邹[zou1]忌讽齐王纳谏》)译指文出:我“的能过够错在的集人市”上 ②且立石于其墓之门(《五人墓碑记》)译文:“并且在他们的墓门前建立石碑” ③生乎吾前 (《师说》)译文:“生在我的前面”
为了强调谓语,有时将谓语置于主语之前。这仅仅是因为语言表 达的需要。
①甚矣,汝之不惠(慧)! (《愚公移山》)译文:“你太不聪明了” ②安在公子能急人之困。(《信陵君窃符救赵》)
译文:“公子能为别人困难而急的地方在哪里呢?”(安:<疑问 代词>表处所,哪里;什么地方)
文言特殊句式——倒装句 优秀(课堂PPT)
① 还矢先王,而告以成功。
迁
② 请其矢,盛以锦囊。
移
训
③ 方其系燕父子以组。
练
④ 申之以孝悌之义。
⑤ 覆之以掌。
⑥ 请奉命求救于孙将军。
⑦ 能谤讥于市朝。
⑧ 且立石于其墓之门。
⑨ 长于臣。
⑩ 虽才高于世,而无骄尚之情。
① 还矢先王,而告以成功。
迁
② 请其矢,盛以锦囊。
移
③ 方其系燕父子以组。
②②以以为为莫莫己己若若。。
③③古古之之人人不不余余欺欺也也。。
④④然然而而不不王王者者,,未未之之有有也也。。 第一,宾语必须是代词; 第二,必须是否定句
“不、未、毋(无) 、莫……”。
否定词+代词+动词
迁
①三岁贯汝,莫我肯顾。
移
训
②时人莫之许。
练
③秦人不暇自哀。
④我无尔诈,尔无我虞。
⑤人君无愚智贤不肖,莫不欲求 忠以自为,举贤以自佐。
判 断被 句动
省 略 句
倒 装 句
句
主 宾定 状
倒谓倒装句语 前类型语 后
语 后
装 置置 置
(一)主谓倒装
为了强调谓语,把谓语放在主语之前。
例: 1.甚矣,汝之不惠!《愚公移山》 汝之不惠甚矣 2.快哉此风!《风赋》 此风快哉
现代汉语:
动词 + 宾语
介词 + 宾语
•宾语前置句一般就发生在这两种条件下。
迁 )移
训 练
答案:C(C项为状语后置句,其余为定 语后置句)
(四)状语后置
现文代言汉文语中:状语常常后置:
[状语] +谓语
处于补语的成分往往要以状语来理解。
初中文言文特殊句式之倒装句
初中文言文特殊句式之倒装句文言文特殊句式之倒装句现代汉语的句子成分的顺序,一般为“主─谓─宾”“定(状)─中心词”,但在文言文中,在一定条件下,句子成分的顺序会发生变化的,这就是古汉语中的所谓倒装句,即指文言文中一些句子成分的顺序出现了前后颠倒的情况。
主要有以下几种倒装形式:一、主谓倒装(谓语前置或主语后说)古汉语中,谓语的位置也和现代汉语中一样,一般放在主语之后,但有时为了强调和突出谓语的意义,在一些疑问句或感叹句中,就把谓语提前到主语前面。
例如:①甚矣,汝之不惠!(汝之不惠甚矣!)②安在公子能急人之困(公子能急人之困在安)③宜乎百姓之谓我爱也(百姓之谓我爱宜乎)④甚矣,乌纱之横,皂隶之俗哉!(乌纱之横,皂隶之俗甚矣!)二、定语后置1、在中心词和后置定语中间加“之”字,再用“者”字结尾,组成“中心词+之+定语+者” 的格式。
例如:①于是集谢庄少年之精技击者而诏之。
(精技击之少年)②五谷者,种之美者也。
(五谷是庄稼中的好种)③马之千里者一食或尽粟一石(千里马)④石之铿然有声者所在皆是也(铿然有声之石)2、在中心词和后置定语中间加“之”字,组成“中心词+之+定语”的格式,表示定语后置。
例如:①蚓无爪牙之利,筋骨之强,上食埃土,下饮黄泉,用心一也(蚓无利之爪牙,强之筋骨)②云霞雕色,有喻画工之妙,草木贲华,无待锦匠之奇。
(云霞绘出色彩,已超过巧妙的画师;草木装饰鲜花,不依靠神奇的绣工)③居庙堂之高则忧其民,处江湖之远则忧其君。
(居高之庙堂,处远之江湖)3、定语放在中心词后,用“者”字结尾,组成“中心词+定语+者”的格式。
例如:①遂率子孙荷担者三夫。
②其故人尝与佣耕者闻之。
[他(陈胜)一些曾经一道给人作雇工耕田的老朋友听到了这个消息]③太子及宾客知其事者皆白衣冠以送之(知其事之太子及宾客)④计未定,求人可使报秦者(求可使报秦之人)⑤村中少年好事者(好事之少年)4、在中心词和后置定语中间加“而”字,再用“者”字结尾,组成“中心词+而+定语+者” 的格式。
高中英语语法:特殊句式 之倒装句
高中英语语法:特殊句式之倒装句一、全部倒装全部倒装就是把句子的谓语动词前置到主语前面构成的倒装句。
★1、表示方向、地点、位置移动或时间的副词,比如in、out、down、off、away、now、then、here、there等置于句首且主语是名词时,句子用全部倒装。
◇Here comes the bus. 公交车来了【但当主语是人称代词时,句子不倒装。
比如Here she comes.她来了】◇Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。
◇Up went the fireworks into the air.嗖的一声,焰火上了天。
★2、表示存在的there be句型,主语在be之后。
除了be外,还可使用lie,live,come,exist,sit,stand,remain等不及物动词。
◇ There are so many things to learn today.今天有很多东西要学。
◇There exists an ancient temple in this town,which attracts many visitors.这个镇上有一个古代庙宇,吸引着许多游客。
3、介词短语放在句首作状语,谓语动词是lie, stand , sit ,exist , stretch , come等或系动词be,主语是名词时。
◇At the foot of the mountain lies a clean stream.山脚下有一条清澈的小溪。
4、代词such放在句首,句子的谓语动词是be。
◇Such is what he wanted.这就是他想要的。
5、为了保持句子平衡,使上下文紧密街接,常将表语和状语放在句首,引起主语和谓语的倒装。
◇Gone are the days when we used foreign oil.我们用“洋油”的时代一去不复返了6、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词等有时可移到句首,来对动作或状态加以强调。
古诗特殊句式之句内倒装
教学目标:
了解诗歌语言组织的规律,懂得古 代诗歌的特殊语序,为进入诗歌的语 境、鉴赏诗歌打下基础。
(一) 主语后置
1、竹喧归浣女,莲动下渔舟。 王维《山居 秋暝》
2、百战沙场碎铁衣,城南已合数重围。李白 《从军行》
3、晴川历历汉阳树,芳草萋萋鹦鹉洲。崔颢 《黄鹤楼》
(二) 宾语前置
嫁得瞿塘贾,朝朝误妾期。 早知潮有信,嫁与弄潮儿。
《西江月·遣兴》 辛弃疾
醉里且贪欢笑,要愁那得工夫。近来始觉古 人书。信著全无是处。
昨夜松边醉倒,问松我醉何如。只疑松动要 来扶。以手推松曰“去”。
例2:岑参《宿关西客舍寄东山严许二山人时天
宝初》“孤灯燃客梦,寒杵捣乡愁。”
“孤灯”怎能点燃“客梦”?“寒杵”又 何以捣出“乡愁”?显然,这种词语的特殊搭 配,是很难符合生活常理的,但从抒情写意的 角度赏析,又确实精妙之至。旅途中独对孤灯, 引动了行客的思归之梦;阵阵捣衣的杵声,摧 人心腑,惹起了诗人思乡的愁绪。 “燃”、 “捣”二字,是实现此种超常搭配的关键字眼, 新颖奇警,光彩传神!描写出眼前凄凉孤寂的 景象和丰富复杂的情思,二者水乳交融。
例5:欧阳修的《戏答元珍》之首联: “ Nhomakorabea风疑不到天涯,二月山城未见花。”
诗人先提出疑问,再交代生疑之由,这就 是一种因果倒装。“春风”句,作为诗的发 端,给人新奇之感,暗用了王之涣《凉州词》 “春风不度玉门关”语意,隐寓皇恩不度夷 陵(今湖北宜昌)的贬谪之意。诗人将含蓄 隐微的悲怨牢骚语置于篇首,给整首诗笼上 了一层感伤的情绪色彩。
• 例3: “长江流远梦,短棹拨残星。”王猷 定《螺川早发》
同样是无理而妙。诗人俯视长江,滚滚不 息的赣江水,仿佛是要将自己从一个梦乡 流入另一个更远的梦乡;划动的短棹好像 在拨动水中残存的星光倒影。诗中词语的 超常搭配,营造出空阔渺远的意境,有迷 离恍惚、如梦似幻的感受。
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特殊句式之——(1)倒装句一、完全倒装:练习:1.For a moment nothing happened. Then___all shouting together.A.voices had comeB.came voicesB.C.voices would come D.did voices come2.Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away___.A.fleeing the thiefB.was fleeing the thiefB.the thief was fleeing D.fled the thief二、部分倒装Eg. Helen likes music ,so she does.练习:1.Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50percent___ properly in this hospital.A. can be the patients treatedB.can the patients be treatedC. the patients can be treatedD.treated can be the patients2.Not once___ to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.A.occurred itB.it did occurC.it occurredD.did it occur3.——I reminded you not to forget the appointment.——____.A. So you didB. So I do notC.So did youD.So do I三、形式倒装(强调作用)练习:____,his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.A.Strange as might it soundB.As it might sound strangeC.As strange it might soundD.Strange as it might sound四、倒装句综合练习题:1.(2014陕西)No sooner___stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.A.had Mo YanB.Mo Yan hadC.has Mo YanD.Mo Yan has2.(2016天津十二区县二联)So buried___ in doing her homework that she didn’t notice it got dark outside.A.was sheB. she wasC.did sheD.she did3.(2015天津十二区县一联)Only when our project has been approved of by the committee ____to carry it out.A.did we startB.we startedC.can we startD.we start4.(2015天津七校四月联考)Not until I had watched the football match between Brazil and Germany_____ to bed last night.A.I wentB.I had goneC.did I goneD.had I gone5.(2015天津南开中学高三五测)Little ____ about her own safety, thought she was in great danger herself.A.did Marry careB.Mary did careC.Mary does careD.does Mary care6.(2015陕西质检二)It is all your fault. By no means____ left alone at home.A.should a two-year-old beB. a two-year-old should beC.should be a two-year-oldD.be a two-year-old should7.(2016江苏苏锡常镇二模)____on mobile phones for storing information that people are unable to remember basic things.A.Such is the dependenceB.Such dependence doesC.So they are dependentD.So do they depend8.(2015天津红桥区一模)It is known that water is not an endless resource;_____can it be made once more, so we should save and protect it.A.soB.asC.thusD.nor9.(2016天津高考压轴卷)Into the dark apartment_____,who was quite surprised when everyone shouted “Happy birthday!”A.did David walkB.David did walkC.David walkedD.walked David10.(2014重庆市重庆一中高三下学期第一次月考,29)—Are the rest of our guests here?—Not yet…. Look, there _____!A. come theyB. they cameC. do they comeD. they come11.(2014吉林省实验中学高三第一次模拟,29)______ you eat the correct food ____ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.A. Unless; will youB. Only if; you willC. Only if; will youD. Unless; you will12.(河南省中原名校2013届高三上学期期中联考,34)It's too messy in your room. Look, by the bed ____ a pile of dirty clothes.A. are liedB. layC. are lyingD. lies13.(2015天津,3)Only when Lily walked into the office______that she had left the contract at home.A.she realizedB.has she realizedC.she has realizedD.did she realize14.(2012天津, 6) Only after Mary read her composition the second time_____ the spelling mistake.A. did she noticeB. she noticedC. does she noticeD. she has noticed15.(2017和平区高三年级模拟考试)I’m sorry.____for my illness, I would have come and lent you a helping hand.Were it not B. If it were not C.Had it not been D.If it has not been16.(2017十二区县高三年级模拟考试)Nowadays many teenagers often take their parents’love for granted. Seldom____what they should return them when they are old.A.do they thinkB.they thinkC.think theyD.did they17.(11福建)—It’s nice. Never before ____such a special drink!—I’m glad you like it.A. I have hadB. I hadC. have I hadD. had I18. (10江西)Not until he left his home to know how important the family was for him.A. did he beginB. had he begunC. he beganD. he has begun19. (10四川)We laugh at jokes, but seldom about how they work.A. we thinkB. think weC. we do thinkD. do we think20. (09重庆)Unsatisfied with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.A. though was heB. though he wasC. he was thoughD. was he though。