凡纳滨对虾溞状幼体厌食症的防治

凡纳滨对虾溞状幼体厌食症的防治

梁华芳;欧黄思;吴耀华

【摘要】溞状幼体厌食症是指溞状幼体发育到第2期后，出现摄食突然减少和停食的现象，幼体发病率和死亡率较高。探讨育苗用水处理方法、抗菌素、有益微生物制剂对防治凡纳滨对虾溞状幼体厌食症的效果。结果表明：1）用次氯酸钠、百碘、溴氯海因对育苗用水进行消毒处理没有预防溞状幼体厌食症作用，用甲醛处理水有一定的预防效果，幼体发病率为75.3%，低于对照组的88.2%，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；2）利福平、土霉素、庆大霉素、诺氟沙星、复方新诺明等抗菌药物对溞状幼体厌食症防治效果不佳，除利福平外，其他药物组幼体发病率、存活率与对照组差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）；3）有益微生物制剂光合细菌、乳酸杆菌、芽孢杆菌、复合活菌制剂EM活菌、虾蟹宝活菌和乐多源活菌对溞状幼体厌食症都有不同程度的预防作用，幼体发病率、存活率与对照组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），以乐多源活菌预防效果最好，幼体发病率仅19.8%，比对照组低63.3%，治疗作用仅乐多源活菌较好，可治愈50.0%的发病幼体，其他活菌治疗效果不佳。建议溞状幼体厌食症应采取处理水和使用有益微生物制剂相结合方法进行防治。%Zoea anorexia is a phenomenon that the zoea larvae eat little or nothing suddenly when they metamorphosize from zoea stageⅠto stage Ⅱ, and the larvae have a high morbidity rate and mortality. The effects of prevention and treatment of anorexia through the water treatment, application of antimicrobial and probiotics were investigated in this thesis. The results indicated: 1) The breeding water disinfected with hypochlorite, disinfectant-PI or BCDMH (3-Bromo-1-chloro-5, 5-dimethyl hydanto) could not prevent the anorexia of zoea. However, formaldehyde had some

effect. The morbidity of zoea larvae treated by formaldehyde was 75.3%, which was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that of the control group (88.4%). 2) Antibacterials such as Rifampicin, Terramycin, Franzolidonum, Norfloxacin and Erythromycin could not prevent and control the anorexia. There was no obvious difference for larval survival rate between the treatment and the control groups (P>0.05) . 3) Microbial preparations used in this experiment had different effects on prevention of anorexia. Significant difference for both the morbidity and survival rate of larvae could be found between the treatment and the control groups (P < 0.05). Among all microbial preparations tested, Rhodogen probiotics had the best effects in prevention. The morbidity was 19.8%, and was 63.3%lower than that of the control group. Compared to the control, 50.0% zoea larvae with anorexia could be cured by Rhodogen probiotics, while the other microbial preparations used had no obvious effects. It is suggested that water treatment combined with probiotices application should be taken into consideration for zoea.

【期刊名称】《广东海洋大学学报》

【年(卷),期】2013(000)006

【总页数】5页(P87-91)

【关键词】凡纳滨对虾;溞状幼体;厌食症;防治

【作者】梁华芳;欧黄思;吴耀华

【作者单位】广东海洋大学水产学院，广东湛江524025;广东海洋大学水产学院，广东湛江 524025;广东海洋大学水产学院，广东湛江 524025

【正文语种】中文

【中图分类】S965.334

溞状幼体厌食症，又称溞Ⅱ综合症（Zoea Ⅱsyndrome），是目前困扰凡纳滨对

虾育苗的难题之一。主要表现症状：当幼体发育到溞状幼体Ⅱ期后，幼体摄食突然减少，甚至不摄食，幼体肠道蠕动较快、空胃，镜检幼体，未见细菌感染，幼体停食一段时间后，体力不支、下沉，最后死亡，死亡率高达90%。此病在广东、广

西和海南多出现在每年的4 - 8月，部分育苗场因此病而停产，严重影响凡纳滨对虾优质虾苗的供给和养殖业的发展。迄今有关此病研究报道不多，仅见马甡等[1]

探讨的对虾育苗中停食现象报道，尚无该病防治方法的报道。笔者从处理育苗用水、使用抗生素和有益微生物制剂等方法对该病的防治技术做了初步的试验，旨在为对虾的育苗生产提供参考。

1 材料与方法

1.1 材料

1.1.1 试验用对虾幼体试验用凡纳滨对虾溞状幼体均来自广东海洋大学选育的 F3

代亲虾生产的无节幼体，再培育至溞状幼体。每个试验组第Ⅰ期溞状幼体（ZⅠ）的数量为150万尾。

1.1.2 试验用水试验于2011年5 - 8月在广东海洋大学东海岛海洋生物研究基地

进行，试验用水是从离岸100 m左右海区砂井中抽取的海水，经沉淀、砂滤后备用。海水pH为8.0，盐度28。

1.1.3 试验桶和试验密度使用直径1.2 m的玻璃钢桶，每桶试验用水1.0 m3。Ⅰ