声学基础专业英文
各专业英文说法
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14《录音基础1：声学基础与声场》教学大纲
《录音基础1:声学基础与声场》教学大纲
一、课程基本信息
课程编号：
英文名称：Basis on Acoustics and Sound Field
授课对象：录音艺术专业（电子音乐制作方向，音乐录音方向，影视录音方向）
开课学期：第三学期
学分/学时：4/64
先修课程：《电子电路》
教学方式：课堂讲授
考核方式：考试
课程简介：声学是一门既古老又迅速发展着的学科，近年来已渗透到几乎所有重要的自然科学和工程技术领域，也是从事声频和录音技术专业的必修课程之一。
本课程是录音、扩声、电子音乐制作等数字音频类方向的初级专业基础课，声学原理是数字音频类方向的重要专业基础课程，涉及到录音质量、还音质量、心理声学等多个方面。
二、课程教学目的和要求：
通过本课程的学习，使学生们能够从声波的基本概念和性质、人耳的听觉特性、声音信号分析、音律分析、乐器声学、声乐和语音分析基础、噪声及噪声控制标准、室内声学原理等都有全面的了解，熟练掌握声波的基本性质、乐器声学及室内声学原理，为今后学习录音艺术及音响系统工程打下良好的基础。
三、教学内容与学时分配：
四、作业、实践环节：作业每周一次
五、建议教材：
[1]齐娜，孟子厚. 音响师声学基础．北京，国防工业出版社，2006．
[2] 陈小平．声音与人耳听觉．北京：中国广播电视出版社，2006．
六、参考资料：
[1] 沈豪．音频工程基础．北京：北京工业大学出版社，2002．
[2] 林达梱．录音声学．北京：中国电影出版社，1995．
执笔人：范晓纬
教研室主任签字：肖俊珍二级学院院长签字：。
音频 声学专业英语词汇集
音频、声学专业英语词汇集（备）英中对照A-BAAC automatic ampltiude control 自动幅度控制AB AB制立体声录音法Abeyancd 暂停，潜态A-B repeat A-B重复ABS absolute 绝对的，完全的，绝对时间ABS american bureau of standard 美国标准局ABSS auto blank secrion scanning 自动磁带空白部分扫描Abstime 绝对运行时间A.DEF audio defeat 音频降噪，噪声抑制，伴音静噪ADJ adjective 附属的，附件ADJ Adjust 调节ADJ acoustic delay line 声延迟线Admission 允许进入，供给ADP acoustic data processor 音响数据处理机ADP(T) adapter 延配器，转接器ADRES automatic dynamic range expansion system动态范围扩展系统ADRM analog to digital remaster模拟录音、数字处理数码唱盘ADS audio distribution system 音频分配系统A.DUB audio dubbing 配音，音频复制，后期录音ADV advance 送入，提升，前置量ADV adversum 对抗ADV advancer 相位超前补偿器Adventure 惊险效果AE audio erasing 音频（声音）擦除AE auxiliary equipment 辅助设备Aerial 天线AES audio engineering society 美国声频工程协会AF audio fidelity 音频保真度AF audio frequency 音频频率AFC active field control 自动频率控制AFC automatic frequency control 声场控制Affricate 塞擦音AFL aside fade listen 衰减后（推子后）监听A-fader 音频衰减AFM advance frequency modulation 高级调频AFS acoustic feedback speaker 声反馈扬声器AFT automatic fine tuning 自动微调AFTAAS advanced fast time acoustic analysis system 高级快速音响分析系统After 转移部分文件Afterglow 余辉，夕照时分音响效果Against 以……为背景AGC automatic gain control 自动增益控制AHD audio high density 音频高密度唱片系统AI advanced integrated 预汇流AI amplifier input 放大器输入AI artificial intelligence 人工智能AI azimuth indicator 方位指示器A-IN 音频输入A-INSEL audio input selection 音频输入选择Alarm 警报器ALC automatic level control 自动电平控制ALC automatic load control自动负载控制Alford loop 爱福特环形天线Algorithm 演示Aliasing 量化噪声，频谱混叠Aliasing distortion 折叠失真Align alignment 校正，补偿，微调，匹配Al-Si-Fe alloy head 铁硅铝合金磁头Allegretto 小快板，稍快地Allegro 快板，迅速地Allocation 配置，定位All rating 全（音）域ALM audio level meter 音频电平表ALT alternating 震荡，交替的ALT alternator 交流发电机ALT altertue 转路ALT-CH alternate channel 转换通道，交替声道Alter 转换，交流电，变换器AM amperemeter 安培计，电流表AM amplitude modulation 调幅（广播）AM auxiliary memory 辅助存储器Ambience 临场感，环绕感ABTD automatic bulk tape degausser磁带自动整体去磁电路Ambient 环境的Ambiophonic system 环绕声系统Ambiophony 现场混响，环境立体声AMLS automatic music locate system自动音乐定位系统AMP ampere 安培AMP amplifier 放大器AMPL amplification 放大AMP amplitude 幅度，距离Amorphous head 非晶态磁头Abort 终止，停止（录制或播放）A-B TEST AB比较试听Absorber 减震器Absorption 声音被物体吸收ABX acoustic bass extension 低音扩展AC accumulator 充电电池AC adjustment caliration 调节-校准AC alternating current 交流电，交流AC audio coding 数码声，音频编码AC audio center 音频中心AC azimuth comprator 方位比较器AC-3 杜比数码环绕声系统AC-3 RF 杜比数码环绕声数据流（接口）ACC Acceleration 加速Accel 渐快，加速Accent 重音，声调Accentuator 预加重电路Access 存取，进入，增加，通路Accessory 附件（接口），配件Acryl 丙基酰基Accompaniment 伴奏，合奏，伴随Accord 和谐，调和Accordion 手风琴ACD automatic call distributor 自动呼叫分配器ACE audio control erasing 音频控制消磁A-Channel A（左）声道Acoumeter 测听计Acoustical 声的，声音的Acoustic coloring 声染色Acoustic image 声像Across 交*，并行，跨接Across frequency 交*频率，分频频率ACST access time 存取时间Active 主动的，有源的，有效的，运行的Active crossover 主动分频，电子分频，有源分频Active loudsperker 有源音箱Armstrong MOD 阿姆斯特朗调制ARP azimuth reference pulse 方位基准脉冲Arpeggio 琶音Articulation 声音清晰度，发音Artificial 仿……的，人工的，手动（控制）AAD active acoustic devide 有源声学软件ABC auto base and chord 自动低音合弦Architectural acoustics 建筑声学Arm motor 唱臂唱机Arpeggio single 琶音和弦，分解和弦ARL aerial 天线ASC automatic sensitivity control 自动灵敏度控制ASGN Assign 分配，指定，设定ASP audio signal processing 音频信号处理ASS assembly 组件，装配，总成ASSEM assemble 汇编，剪辑ASSEM Assembly 组件，装配，总成Assign 指定，转发，分配Assist 辅助（装置）ASSY accessory 组件，附件AST active servo techonology 有源伺服技术A Tempo 回到原速Astigmatism methord 象散法B band 频带B Bit 比特，存储单元B Button 按钮Babble 多路感应的复杂失真Back 返回Back clamping 反向钳位Back drop 交流哼声，干扰声Background noise 背景噪声，本底噪声Backing copy 副版Backoff 倒扣，补偿Back tracking 补录Back up 磁带备份，支持，预备Backward 快倒搜索Baffle box 音箱BAL balance 平衡，立体声左右声道音量比例，平衡连接Balanced 已平衡的Balancing 调零装置，补偿，中和Balun 平衡=不平衡转换器Banana jack 香蕉插头Banana bin 香蕉插座Banana pin 香蕉插头Banana plug 香蕉插头Band 频段，Band pass 带通滤波器Bandwidth 频带宽，误差，范围Band 存储单元Bar 小节，拉杆BAR barye 微巴Bargraph 线条Barrier 绝缘（套）Base 低音Bass 低音，倍司（低音提琴）Bass tube 低音号，大号Bassy 低音加重BATT battery 电池Baud 波特（信息传输速率的单位）Bazooka 导线平衡转接器BB base band 基带BBD Bucket brigade device 戽链器件（效果器）B BAT Battery 电池BBE 特指BBE公司设计的改善较高次谐波校正程度的系统BC balanced current 平衡电流BC Broadcast control 广播控制BCH band chorus 分频段合唱BCST broadcast （无线电）广播BD board 仪表板Beat 拍，脉动信号Beat canceltch 差拍干扰消除开关Bel 贝尔Below 下列，向下Bench 工作台Bend 弯曲，滑音Bender 滑音器BER bit error rate 信息差错率BF back feed 反馈BF Backfeed flanger 反馈镶边BF Band filter 带通滤波器BGM background music 背景音乐Bias 偏置，偏磁，偏压，既定程序Bidirectional 双向性的，8字型指向的Bifess Bi-feedback sound system 双反馈系统Big bottom 低音扩展，加重低音Bin 接收器，仓室BNG BNC连接器（插头、插座），卡口同轴电缆连接器Binaural effect 双耳效应，立体声Binaural synthesis 双耳合成法Bin go 意外现象Bit binary digit 字节，二进制数字，位Bitstream 数码流，比特流Bit yield 存储单元Bi-AMP 双（通道）功放系统Bi-wire 双线（传输、分音）Bi-Wring 双线BK break 停顿，间断BKR breaker 断电器Blamp 两路电子分音Blanking 关闭，消隐，断路Blaster 爆裂效果器Blend 融合（度）、调和、混合Block 分程序，联动，中断Block Repeat 分段重复Block up 阻塞Bloop （磁带的）接头噪声，消音贴片BNC bayonet connector 卡口电缆连接器Body mike 小型话筒Bond 接头，连接器Bongo 双鼓Boom 混响，轰鸣声Boomy 嗡嗡声（指低音过强）Boost 提升（一般指低音），放大，增强Booth 控制室，录音棚Bootstrap 辅助程序，自举电路Both sides play disc stereo system双面演奏式唱片立体声系统Bottoming 底部切除，末端切除Bounce 合并Bourclon 单调低音Bowl 碗状体育场效果BP bridge bypass 电桥旁路BY bypass 旁通BPC basic pulse generator 基准脉冲发生器BPF band pass filter 带通滤波器BPS band pitch shift 分频段变调节器BNC bayonet connector 卡口电缆连接器Body mike 小型话筒Bond 接头，连接器Bongo 双鼓Boom 混响，轰鸣声Boomy 嗡嗡声（指低音过强）Boost 提升（一般指低音），放大，增强Booth 控制室，录音棚Bootstrap 辅助程序，自举电路Bottoming 底部切除，末端切除Bounce 合并Bourclon 单调低音Bowl 碗状体育场效果BP bridge bypass 电桥旁路BY bypass 旁通BPC basic pulse generator 基准脉冲发生器BPF band pass filter 带通滤波器BPS band pitch shift 分频段变调节器BR bregister 变址寄存器BR Bridge 电桥Break 中止（程序），减弱Breathing 喘息效应B.Reso base resolve 基本解析度Bridge 桥接，电桥，桥，（乐曲的）变奏过渡Bright 明亮（感）Brightness 明亮度，指中高音听音感觉Brilliance 响亮BRKRS breakers 断路器Broadcast 广播BTB bass tuba 低音大喇叭BTL balanced transformer-less 桥式推挽放大电路BTM bottom 最小，低音BU backup nuit 备用器件Bumper 减震器Bus 母线，总线Busbar 母线Buss 母线Busy 占线BUT button 按钮，旋钮BW band width 频带宽度，带度BYP bypass 旁路By path 旁路BZ buzzer 蜂音器C-DC cathode 阴极，负极C Cell 电池C Center 中心C Clear 清除C Cold 冷（端）CA cable 电缆Cable 电缆Cabinet 小操纵台CAC coherent acoustic coding 相干声学编码Cache 缓冲存储器Cal calando 减小音量CAL Calendar 分类CAL Caliber 口径CAL Calibrate 标准化CAL Continuity accept limit 连续性接受极限Calibrate 校准，定标Call 取回，复出，呼出Can 监听耳机，带盒CANCL cancel 删除CANCL Cancelling 消除Cancel 取消Cannon 卡侬接口Canon 规则Cap 电容Capacitance Mic 电容话筒Capacity 功率，电容量CAR carrier 载波，支座，鸡心夹头Card 程序单，插件板Cardioid 心型的CATV cable television 有线电视Crispness 脆声Category 种类，类型Cartridge 软件卡，拾音头Carrkioid 心型话筒Carrier 载波器Cart 转运Cartridge 盒式存储器，盒式磁带Cascade 串联Cassette 卡式的，盒式的CAV constant angular velocity 恒角速度Caution 报警CBR circuit board rack 电路板架CC contour correction 轮廓校正CCD charge coupled device 电荷耦合器件CD compact disc 激光唱片CDA current dumping amplifier 电流放大器CD-E compact disc erasable 可抹式激光唱片CDG compact-disc plus graphic 带有静止图像的CD唱盘CD constant directional horn 恒定指向号角CDV compact disc with video 密纹声像唱片CE ceramic 陶瓷Clock enable 时钟启动Cell 电池，元件，单元Cellar club 地下俱乐部效果Cello 大提琴CEMA consumer electronics manufacturer\’sassociation （美国）消费电子产品制造商协会CENELEC connector 欧洲标准21脚AV连接器Cent 音分Central earth 中心接地CES consumer electronic show（美国）消费电子产品展览会CF center frequency 中心频率Cross fade 软切换CH channel 声道，通道Chain 传输链，信道Chain play 连续演奏Chamber 密音音响效果，消声室CHAN channel 通道Change 交换Chapter 曲目Chaper skip 跳节CHAE character 字符，符号Characteristic curve 特性曲线Charge 充电Charger 充电器Chase 跟踪Check 校验CHC charge 充电CH - off 通道切断Choke 合唱Choose 选择Chromatic 色彩，半音Church 教堂音响效果CI cut in 切入CIC cross interleave code 交*隔行编码CIRC circulate 循环Circuit 电路CL cancel 取消Classic 古典的Clean 净化CLR clear 归零Click 嘀哒声Clip 削波，限幅，接线柱CLK clock 时钟信号Close 关闭，停止CLS 控制室监听Cluster 音箱阵效果CLV ceiling limit value 上限值CMP compact 压缩CMPT compatibility 兼容性CMRR common mode rejection ratio 共模抑制比CNT count 记数，记数器CNTRL central 中心，中央CO carry out 定位输出Coarse 粗调Coax 同轴电缆Coaxial 数码同轴接口Code 码，编码Coefficient 系数Coincident 多信号同步Cold 冷的，单薄的Color 染色效果COM comb 梳状（滤波）COMB combination 组合音色COMBI combination 组合，混合COMBO combination 配合，组合Combining 集合，结合COMM communication 换向的，切换装置Command 指令，操作，信号COMMON 公共的，公共地端Communieation speed 通讯速度选择COMP comparator 比较器COMP compensate 补偿Compact 压缩Compander 压缩扩展器Compare 比拟Compatibility 兼容Compensate 补偿Complex 全套设备Copmoser 创意者，作曲者Compressor 压缩器COMP-EXP 压扩器Compromise （频率）平衡Computer 计算机，电脑CON concentric cable 同轴电缆CON console 操纵台CON controller 控制器Concentric 同轴的，同心的Concert 音乐厅效果Condenser Microphone 电容话筒Cone type 锥形（扬声器）CONFIG 布局，线路接法Connect 连接，联络CORR correct 校正，补偿，抵消Configuration 线路布局Confirmation 确认Consent 万能插座Console 调音台Consonant 辅音Constant 常数CONT continuous 连续的（音色特性）CONT control 控制，操纵Contact 接触器Content 内容Continue 连续，继续Continue button 两录音卡座连续放音键Contour 外形，轮廓，保持Contra 次八度Contrast 对比度Contribution 分配Controlled 可控的Controller 控制器CONV conventional 常规的CONV convert 变换CONV convertible 可转换的Copy 复制Correlation meter 相关表Coupler 耦合Cover 补偿Coverage 有效范围CP clock pulse 时钟脉冲CP control program 控制程序CPU 中央处理器CR card reader 卡片阅读机CRC cyclic redundancy check 循环冗余校验Create 建立，创造Crescendo 渐强或渐弱Crispness 清脆感CRM control room 控制室CROM control read only memory 控制只读存储器Crossfader 交*渐变器Cross-MOD 交*调制Crossover 分频器，换向，切断Cross talk 声道串扰，串音Crunch 摩擦音C/S cycle/second 周/秒CSS content scrambling system 内容加密系统CST case style tape 盒式磁带CT current 电流CTM close talking microphone 近讲话筒CU counting unit 计数单元Cue 提示，选听Cue clock 故障计时钟Cueing 提示，指出Cursor 指示器，光标Curve （特性）曲线Custom 常规CUT 切去，硬切换D double 双重的，对偶的D drum 鼓，磁鼓DA delayed action 延迟作用D/Adigital/analog 数字/模拟DAB digital audio broadcasting 数字音频广播Damp 阻尼DASH digital audio stationar head 数字固定磁头Dashpot 缓冲器，减震器DAT digital audio tape 数字音频磁带，数字录音机DATA 数据DATAtron 数据处理机DATE 日期DB(d decibel 分贝DB distribution 分线盒DBA decibel asolute 绝对分贝DBA decibel adjusted 调整分贝DBB dynamic bass boost 动态低音提升DBK decibels referred to one kilowatt 千瓦分贝DBm decibel above one milliwatt in 600 ohms 毫瓦分贝DBS direct broadcast satellite 直播卫星DBX 压缩扩展式降噪系统DC distance controlled 遥控器DCA digital command assembly 数字指令装置DCE data circuit terminating equipment数据通讯线路终端设备DCF digital comb filter 数字梳状滤波器DCH decade chorus 十声部合唱DCP date central processor 数据中心处理器DD direct drive 直接驱动DD dolby digital 数字杜比DDC direct digital control 直接数字控制DDS digital dynamic sound 数字动态声DDT data definition table 数据定义表Dead 具有强吸声特性的房间的静寂DEC decay 衰减，渐弱，余音效果Decibel 分贝Deck 卡座，录音座，带支加的，走带机构Deemphasis 释放Deep reverb 纵深混响De-esser 去咝声器DEF defeat 消隐，静噪Delete 删除Delivery end 输入端DEMO demodulator 解调器Demo 自动演奏Demoder 解码器Density 密度，声音密度效果Detune 音高微调，去谐DepFin 纵深微调Depth 深度Denoiser 降噪器Design 设计Destroyer 抑制器DET detector 检波器Deutlichkeit 清晰度DEV device 装置，仪器DEX dynamic exciter 动态激励器DF damping factor 动态滤波器DFL dynamic filter 动态滤波DFS digital frequency synthesizer 数字频率合成器DI data input 数据输入Diagram 图形，原理图Dial 调节度盘Difference 不同，差别DIFF differential 差动Diffraction 衍射，绕射Diffuse 传播Diffusion 扩散DIG digit 数字式Digital 数字的，数字式，计数的Digitalyier 数字化装置DIM digital input module 数字输入模块DIM diminished 衰减，减半音Dimension 范围，密度，尺寸，（空间）维，声像宽度Din 五芯插口（德国工业标准）DIN digital input 数字输入DIR direct 直接的，（调音台）直接输出，定向的Direct box 指令盒，控制盒Direct sound 直达声Directory 目录Direction 配置方式Directional 方向，指向的Directivity 方向性DIS display 显示器DISC disconnect 切断，开路DISC discriminator 鉴相器Disc 唱盘，唱片，碟Disc holder 唱片抽屉Disc recorder 盘片式录音机Dischage 释放，解除Disco 迪斯科，迪斯科音乐效果Discord 不谐和弦Disk 唱盘，碟DISP display 显示器，显示屏Dispersion 频散特性，声音分布Displacement 偏转，代换Distortion 失真，畸变DIST distance 距离，间距DIST district 区间Distributer 分配器，导向装置DITEC digital television camera 数字电视摄像机Dim 变弱，变暗，衰减DIV divergence 发散DIV division 分段DIV divisor 分配器Diversity 分集（接收）Divider 分配器Divx 美国数字视频快递公司开发的一种每次观看付费的DVD DJ Disc Jocker 唱片骑士DJ dust jacket 防尘罩DJ delay 延迟DLD dynamic linear drive 动态线性驱动DLLD direct linear loop detector 直接线性环路检波器DME digital multiple effector 数字综合效果器DMS date multiplexing system 数据多路传输系统DMS digital multiplexing synchronizer数字多路传输同步器DMX data multiplex 数据多路（传输）DNL dynamic noise limiter 动态噪声抑制器DNR dynamic noise reduction 动态降噪电路DO dolly out 后移DO dropout 信号失落DOB dolby 杜比DOL dynamic optimum loudness 动态最佳响度Dolby 杜比，杜比功能Dolby Hx Pro dolby Hx pro headroom extension system 杜比Hx Pro动态余量扩展系统Dolby NR 杜比降噪Dolby Pro-logic 杜比定向逻辑Dolby SR-D dolby SR digital 杜比数字频谱记录Dolby Surround 杜比环绕Dome loudspeaker 球顶扬声器Dome type 球顶（扬声器）DOP doppler 多普勒（响应）Double 加倍，双，次八度Doubler 倍频器，加倍器Double speed 倍速复制D.OUT direct output 直接输出Down 向下，向下调整，下移，减少DPCM differential pulse code modulation 差动脉冲调制DPD direct pure MPX decoder 直接纯多路解调器DPL dolby pro logic 杜比定向逻辑DPL duplex 双工，双联DPLR doppler 多普勒（系统）D.Poher effect 德.波埃效应Dr displacement corrector 位移校准器，同步机DR distributor 分配器DR drum 磁鼓Drain 漏电，漏极DRAM direct read after write 一次性读写存储器Drama 剧场效果DRAW 只读追忆型光盘Dr.Beat 取字时间校准器DRCN dynamic range compression and normalization动态范围压缩和归一化Drive 驱动，激励Dr.Rhythm 节奏同步校准器DRPS digital random program selector数字式节目随机选择器DDrum 鼓Drum machine 鼓机Dry 干，无效果声，直达声DS distortion 失真DSC digital signal converter 数字信号转换器DSL dynamic super loudness 低音动态超响度，重低音恢复DSM dynamic scan modulation 动态扫描速度调制器DSP digital signal processor 数字信号处理器DSP display simulation program 显示模拟程序DSP digital sound processor 数字声音处理器DSP digital sound field processor 数字声场处理器DSP dynamic speaker 电动式扬声器DSS digital satellite system 数字卫星系统DT data terminal 数据终端DT data transmission 数据传输DTL direct to line 直接去线路DTS digital theater system 数字影剧院系统DTS digital tuning system 数字调谐系统DTV digital television 数字电视Dual 对偶，双重，双Dub 复制，配音，拷贝，转录磁带Dubbing mixer 混录调音台Duck 按入，进入Dummyload 假负载DUP Duplicate 复制（品）Duplicator 复制装置，增倍器Duration 持续时间，宽度Duty 负载，作用范围，功率Duty cycle 占空系数，频宽比DUX duplex 双工DV device 装置，器件DVC digital video cassette 数字录象带DVD digital video disc 数字激光视盘DX 天线收发开关，双重的，双向的DYN dynamic 电动式的，动态范围，动圈式的Dynamic filter 动态滤波（特殊效果处理）器Dynamic Microphone 动圈话筒Dynamic range 动态范围Dynode 电子倍增器电极E early warning 预警E earth 真地，接地E error 错误，差错（故障显示）EA earth 地线，真地EAR early 早期（反射声）Earphone 耳机Earth terminal 接地端EASE electro-acooustic simulators for engineers 工程师用电声模拟器，计算机电声与声学设计软件Eat 收取信号EBU european broadcasting union 欧洲广播联盟EC error correction 误差校正ECD electrochomeric display 电致变色显示器Echo 回声，回声效果，混响ECL extension zcompact limitter 扩展压缩限制器ECM electret condenser microphone 驻极体话筒ECSL equivalent continuous sound level 等级连续声级ECT electronec controlled transmission 电控传输ED edit editor 编辑，编辑器Edit 编辑Edge tone 边棱音EDTV enhanced definition television增强清晰度电视（一种可兼容高清晰度电视）E-DRAW erasable direct after write 可存可抹读写存储器EE errors excepted 允许误差EFF effect efficiency 效果，作用Effector 操纵装置，效果器Effects generator 效果发生器EFM 8/14位调制法EFX effect 效果EG envelope generator 包络发生器EIA electronec industries association（美国）电子工业协会EIAJ electronic industries association Japan 日本电子工业协会EIN einstein 量子摩尔（能量单位）EIN equivalent input noise 等效输入噪声EIO error in operation 操作码错误Eject 弹起舱门，取出磁带（光盘），出盒EL electro luminescence 场致发光ELAC electroacoustic 电声（器件）ELEC electret 驻极体Electret condenser microphone 驻极体话筒ELF extremely low frequency 极低频ELEC electronec 电子的Electroacoustics 电声学EMI electro magnetic interference 电磁干扰Emission 发射EMP emphasispo 加重EMP empty 空载Emphasis 加重EMS emergencytch 紧急开关Emulator 模拟器，仿真设备EN enabling 启动Enable 赋能，撤消禁止指令Encoding 编码End 末端，结束，终止Ending 终端，端接法，镶边ENG engineering 工程Engine 运行，使用ENG land 工程接地Enhance 增强，提高，提升ENS ensemble 合奏ENS envelope sensation 群感Eensemble 合奏Eensemble 合奏ENT enter 记录Enter 记入，进入，回车Entering 插入，记录Entry 输入数据，进入ENV envelope 包络线Envelopment 环绕感EOP electronic overload protection 电子过载保护EOP end of program 程序结束EOP end output 末端输出EOT end of tape 磁带尾端EP extend playing record 多曲目唱片EP extended play 长时间放录，密录EPG edit pulse generator 编辑脉冲发生器EPS emergency power supply 应急电源EQ equalizer 均衡器，均衡EQ equalization 均衡EQL equalization 均衡Equal-loudness contour 等响曲线Equipped 准备好的，已装备Equitonic 全音Equivalence 等效值ER erect 设置ER error 错误，误差ERA earphone 耳机Eraser 抹去，消除Erasing 擦除，清洗Erasure 抹音Erase 消除，消Er early 早期的ERCD extended resolution CD 扩展解析度CD EREQ erect equalizer均衡器（频点）位置（点频补偿电路的中点频率）调整ERF early reflection 早期反射（声）Ernumber 早期反射声量Error 错误，出错，不正确ES earthth 接地开关ES electrical stimulation 点激励Escqpe 退出ETER eternity 无限Euroscart 欧洲标准21脚AV连接器Event 事件EVF envelope follower包络跟随器（音响合成装置功能单元）EX exciter 激励器EX exchange 交换EX expanding 扩展EXB expanded bass 低音增强EXC exciter 激励器EXCH exchange 转换Exclusive 专用的Excursion 偏移，偏转，漂移，振幅EXP expender 扩展器，动态扩展器EXP export 输出Exponential horn tweeter 指数型高音号角扬声器Expression pedal表达踏板（用于控制乐器或效果器的脚踏装置）EXT extend 扩展EXT exterior 外接的（设备）EXT external 外部的，外接的EXT extra 超过EXTN extension 扩展，延伸（程控装置功能单元）Extract 轨道提出EXTSN extension 扩展，延伸（程控装置功能单元）F fast 快（速）F feedback 反馈F forward 向前F foot 脚踏（装置）F frequency 频率F function 功能Ffactor 因子，因素，系数，因数Fade 衰减（音量控制单元）Fade in-out 淡入淡出，慢转换Fader 衰减器Fade up 平滑上升Failure 故障Fall 衰落，斜度Faraday shield 法拉第屏蔽，静电屏蔽FAS full automatic search 全自动搜索Fast 快速（自动演奏装置的速度调整钮）Fastener 接线柱，闭锁Fat 浑厚（音争调整钮）Fattens out 平直输出Fault 故障，损坏Fader 衰减器，调音台推拉电位器（推子）Fading in 渐显Fading out 渐显False 错误Fancier 音响发烧友Far field 远场FatEr 丰满的早期反射FB feedback 反馈，声反馈FB fuse block 熔丝盒F.B fiver by 清晰FBO feedback outrigger 反馈延伸FCC federal communications commission （美国）联邦通信委员会FD fade depth 衰减深度FD feed 馈入信号FDR fader 衰减器FeCr 铁铬磁带Feed 馈给，馈入，输入Feeder 馈线Feed/Rewind spool 供带盘/倒带盘Ferrite head 铁氧体磁头F.&B. forward and back 前后FET field effect technology 场效应技术FF flip flop 触发器FF fast forward 快进FG flag generator 标志信号发生器FI fade in 渐进Field 声场Field pickup 实况拾音File 文件，存入，归档，数据集，（外）存储器Fill-in 填入FILT filter 滤波器Final 韵母Fine 微调Fingered 多指和弦Finger 手指，单指和弦FIN GND 接地片Finish 结束，修饰FIP digital frequency display panel 数字频率显示板FIR finite-furation impulse response有限冲激响应（滤波器）Fire 启动Fix 确定，固定Fizz 嘶嘶声FL fluorescein 荧光效果Flange 法兰音响效果，镶边效果Flanger 镶边器Flanging 镶边Flash 闪光信号Flat 平坦，平直Flat noise 白噪声Flat tuning 粗调Flex 拐点FLEX flexible cord 软线，塞绳FLEX frequency level expander 频率扩展器FLEXWAVE flexible waveguide 可弯曲波导管FLG flanger 镶边器Flip 替换，调换Floating 非固定的，悬浮式的Floppy disc 软磁盘FLTR filter 滤波器Fluorescent display 荧光显示器Flute 长笛Flutter 一种放音失真，脉冲干扰，颤动FLW follow 跟踪，随动FLY 均衡器FM fade margin 衰落设备FM frequency modulation 调频广播FM/SW telescopic rod aerial 调频/短波拉杆天线FO fade out 渐隐Focus 焦点，中心点Foldback 返送，监听Foot(board) 脚踏板（开关控制）Fomant 共振峰Force 过载，强行置入Format 格式，格式化，规格，（储存器中的）信息安排Forward 转送FPR floating point routine 浮点程序FPR full power response 全功率响应FR frequency 频率FR frequency response 频率响应Frame 画面，（电视的）帧Frames 帧数Free 剩余，自由Free echoes 无限回声（延时效果处理的一种）Free edge 自由折环（扬声器）FREEQ frequency 频率F.Rew fast rewind 快倒Freeze 凝固，声音骤停，静止Frequency divider 分频器Frequency shifter 移频器，变频器Fricative 擦音Front 前面的，正面的Front balance 前置平衡Front process 前声场处理FRU field replaceable unit 插件，可换部件FS frequency shift 频移，变调FS full short 全景FT facility terminal 设备（输出）端口FT fine tuning 微调FT foot 脚踏装置FT function tist 功能测试FT frequency tracke 频率跟踪器FTG fitting 接头，配件FTS faverate track selection 最佳声迹选择Full 丰满，饱和Full auto 全自动Full effect recording 全效果录音Full range 全音域，全频G-HG gate 门（电路）G ground 接地GA general average 总平均值Gain 增益，提衰量Game 卡拉OK音响效果Gamut 音域Gap 间隔，通道Gate 噪声门，门，选通Gated Rev 选通混响（开门的时间内有混响效果）GB 吉字节Gear 风格，格调GEN generator （信号）发生器General 综合效果Generator 信号发生器GEQ graphie equalizier 图示均衡器GD ground 接地Girth 激励器的低音强度调节Glide strip 滑奏条（演奏装置）GLLS-sando 滑降（演奏的效果）Global 总体设计GM genertal MIDI 通用乐器数字接器GND ground 地线，接地端GP group 编组GPR general purpose receiver 通用接收机GPI general purpose interface 通用接口设备Govern 调整，控制，操作，运转GR group 组合Gramophone 留声机，唱机Graphic equalizer 图示均衡器，图表均衡器GRND ground 接地Groove 光盘螺旋道的槽Group 编组（调音台），组Growler 线圈短路测试仪GT gate 门，噪声门GT gauge template 样板GTE gate 门（电路）GTR gate reverb 门混响Guard 保护，防护装置GUI graphical user interface 图形用户接口Guitar 吉它Guy 拉线Gymnasium 体育馆效果Gyrator 回旋器HQAD high quality audio disc 高品位音频光盘HR handing room 操作室HR high resistance 高阻抗（信号端子的阻抗特性）HRTF head-related transfer function 人脑相关转换功能HS head set 头戴式耳机HS hybrid system 混合系统HT home theater 家庭影院，家庭剧场Hubrid 混合网络，桥接岔路Hum 交流哼声，交流低频（50Hz）噪声Hum and Noise 哼杂声，交流噪声Humidity 湿度，湿气HUT homes using TV 家用电视HVDS Hi-visual dramatic sound 高保真现场感音响系统HX headroom extension 动态余量扩展（系统）（一种杜比降噪系统），净空延伸H horizonal 水平（状态）H hot 热（平衡信号端口的“热端”）Hall 厅堂效果Handle 手柄，控制HAR harmonec 谐波Hard knee 硬拐点（压限器）Harmonic 谐波Harmonic distortion 谐波失真Harmonic Generator 谐波发生器Harmonize （使）和谐，校音Harmony 和谐Harp 竖琴Hash 杂乱脉冲干扰Hass effect 哈斯效应HD harmonic distortion 谐波失真HDCD high definition compatible digital高分辨率兼容性数字技术HDTV hight definiton television 高清晰度电视Head 录音机磁头，前置的，唱头Head azimuth 磁头方位角Head gap 磁头缝隙Headroom 动态余量，动态范围上限，电平储备Headphone 头戴式耳机Headset 头带式耳机Heavy metel 重金属HeiFin 垂直微调Hearing 听到，听觉Heat sink 散热板Help （对程序的）解释HF high frequency 高频，高音Hi hign 高频，高音HI band 高频带Hi-end 最高品质，顶级Hi-BLEND 高频混合指示High cut 高切High pass 高通Highway 总线，信息通道Hi-Fi high fidelity 高保真，高保真音响Hiss 咝声Hi-Z 高阻抗HL half reverb 大厅混响Hoghorn 抛物面喇叭Hoisting 提升Hold 保持，无限延续，保持时间Holder 支架，固定架Hold-off 解除保持Home 家庭，实用Home theatre 家庭影院Horizontal 水平的，横向的Horn 高音号角，号筒，圆号Hornloaded 号角处理Hot 热端，高电位端Hour 小时Howling 啸叫声Howlround 啸叫H.P headphone 头戴式耳机HPA haas pan allochthonous 哈斯声像漂移HPF high pass filter 高通滤波器HQ high quality 高质量，高品位Hyper Condenser 超心型的HZ hertz 赫兹H hard 硬的（音响效果特征）I-JIC integrated circuit 集成电路ID identification 识别ID identify 标志Idle 空载的，无效果的IDTV improved definition television改进清晰度电视系统IEC international electrical commission国际电工委员会IEEE institute of electrical&electronic engineers电气及电子工程师学会IF intermidiate frequency 中频的I/F interface 接口IHF the institute of high fidelity 高保真学会IIR infinite-duration impulse response无限冲激响应IKA Interactive knee adapt互调拐点适配，软拐点I/O input/output 输入/输出IM impulse modulation 脉冲调剂IM image 影象IMD intermodulation distortion 互调失真IMP impedance 阻抗IMP impedence 阻抗IMP interface message processor 接口信息处理机Improper 错误的IN inductor 感应器IN input 输入。
声学专业英语对照
声学专业英语对照噪声常用术语一、声学常用术语1. absorption coefficient吸音系数：材料吸收的省能与入射声能之比值。
2. acoustical calibrator声学校准器：用來校准麦克风、噪音计的仪器。
3. ambient noise环境噪音：在环境中所有声源产生噪音的总和。
4. anechoic room无响室或称无回音室：边界能几乎吸收所有的入射波而形成室内是自由声场的封闭空间。
5. antinode波腹：驻波内振幅最大的点、线或面。
6. Ａ-Weighting A加权：模拟人耳对各种不同频率的声音感觉不一样的加权方法。
7. background noise背景噪音：在测量系统中，和量测信号无关的一切噪音。
8.band pressure level频带声压位准：在某一特定频带（如八音度频带）从下限频率至上限频率的声压位准。
9. CPB固定百分比带宽：CPB是Constant Percentage Bandwidth的简写，它表示每一个相邻频带的宽度比是固定的百分比。
10. decibel分贝：声音的物理量与參考物理量的比值取对數后乘以10或20。
11. diffuse sound field扩散场：在各传播方向呈无规则分布且能量密度均匀的声场。
12. diffraction绕射：因为空间形狀的改变使得声波传播方向改变的现象。
13. dispersion频散：声音的速度随频率而变化的现象。
14. Leq(equivalent continuous noise level)等效連续声压位准：Ａ加权声压位准在某一特定时间内平均值。
15. equal loudness contours等响曲线：在声压位准频率图上各种不同频率但听起來同样响之点所連成的曲线。
16. far field远场：自由场中離声源距離加倍，则声压位准减少6分贝的声场。
17. free field自由场：边界对声波的影响可以忽略不计的声场。
FUNDAMENTALS OF ACOUSTICS(5) 声学基础(英文版教学课件)
ANALOGIES BETWEEN MECHANICAL AND
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
Many vibrating systems are mathematically equivalent to corresponding electrical systems.
parallel circuit, and the speed v2 of the mass is equivalent to the current flowing
through the inductor
v1
v2
I1
I2
m Cm
F
Rm
L
V
C
R
Equivalent series-parallel systems
so simple. A loudspeaker has its mass distributed over its surface so that the cone does move as a unit . A piano sting.
j eL
eL eC 0 eC
Ei Ze ej
eR Ri i
j d i j i dt
0 Q i j
i 1
• The elements in the electrical system
Fig. a are said to be in series because they experience the same current.
• We can develop a deeper understanding of what
we have said about the harmonic oscillator by drawing parallels with simple electric circuit.
电影声音专业英语单词
电影声音专业英语单词Acoustics ：声学Ambience ：环境声Amplifier ：放大器Atmosphere track ：环境声Audio facility ：音频设备Boom operator ：话筒员Capacitor microphone ：电容话筒Cardioid pattern ：心型Commentary ：解说词Condenser microphone ：电容话筒Console：调音台Crystal generator ：晶体振荡器Crystal-sync ：晶振同步Cue track ：参考声Distortion ：失真Documentary ：纪录片Dynamic range of the signal ：信号的动态范围Equal loudness curve ：等响曲线Erase head ：抹音磁头Feedback ：反馈Fishpole boom ：话筒杆Frequency compensation ：频率补偿Frequency spectrum ：频谱Guide track ：参考声Inherent hiss ：固有（高频）噪声Interlock ：连锁Line level ：线路电平Lip sync ：对口型Magnetic film ：磁片Master tape ：母带Microphone angle ：话筒角度Omnidirection ：全指向Perspective ：透视关系Polar pattern ：极坐标Projector ：放映机Radio mike ：无线话筒Receiver ：接收机Reflect ：反射Reflected sound ：反射声Rehearsal ：排练Resonance ：共振，共鸣Room acoustics ：房间声学Saturation ：饱和Shock mount ：减震架Sprocket hole ：齿孔Synchronization ：同步Transfer ：转录Transmitter ：发射机Voice over ：旁白Wild sound ：补录声。
FUNDAMENTALS OF ACOUSTICS(16) 声学基础(英文版教学课件)
Sound waves travel in the pipe
3. The nx, ny mode
• 1. (0,0) order mode • 2. (nx ny) order mode
For (0,0) order, the pressure is
n x 0n y 0
n x 0n y 0
f fnx ,ny
f fnx,ny
Corresponding high order waves can travel in z direction
• Corresponding high order waves can not
travel in z direction, these waves decay in z direction
x
c0
lx
jt
x
x
cos nxc0 lx
z
cos1, 00
Which means there are not high order
waves travel in the z direction (except nx 0,ny 0)
cos nx c0 nx 1
lx
2lx
so
fc
nxc0 2lx
kr k2 kz2
B=0
uz 0
z=0, z=l
ur 0
r=a
pp0cosm Jm ( c0 rr)cos c0 zzejt
z
(nz
l
)c0
r
(mn
a
)c0
m n is the solutions of
(
dJm dr
声学基础专业英文
声学英文词彙声音，声学及其分支声音：sound可听声（阈）：audible sound超声：ultrasound次声：infrasound水声：underwater sound地声：underground sound噪声：noise声学：Acoustics物理声学：Physical Acoustics；非线性声学：Nonlinear Acoustics超声学：Ultrasonics；次声学：Infrasonics；水声学：Underwater Acoustics 气动声学：Aeroacoustics建筑声学：Architectural Acoustics；室內声学：Room Acoustics音乐声学：Musical Acoustics环境声学：Environmental Acoustics海洋声学：Oceanic Acoustics电声学：Electroacoustics语言声学：Speech Acoustics；语音信号处理：Speech Processing声信号处理：Acoustical Signal Processing光声学：Optoacoustics医学超声学：Medical Ultrasonics生物声学：Bioacoustics声化学：Sonochemistry生理声学：Physiological Acoustics；心理声学：Phsychoacoustics振动振动：vibration受迫振动：forced vibration阻尼振动弹性：elasticity劲度：stiffness；弹性常数：stiffness constant恢复力：restoration；张力：tension惯性，声质量：inertance力（机械）阻抗（阻，順，抗）：mechanical impedance (resistance, compliance, reactance)力导纳（导，納）：mechanical admittance, mobility (responsiveness, excitability)集总线路元件：lumped circuit elements共振：resonance；反共振：antiresonance参量共振：parametric resonance共鸣器，共振器：resonator亥姆霍茲共鸣器：Helmholtz resonator振子：oscillator激振器：vibrator隔振：isolation（阻抗型，导纳型）类比：(impedance-type, mobility-type) analogy摩擦（力）：friction (force)阻尼（系数）：damping (coefficient)衰变：decay谐波：harmonics，谐和：harmony基频：fundamental frequency固有（特征，本征）频率：natural (characteristic, eigen-) frequency简正频率（方式、模式）：normal frequency (mode)波节：node；波腹：antinode, loop音：tone；泛音：overtone；音调：pitch；音色：timbre声媒质及其性质媒质、介质：medium可压缩的：compressible；不可压缩的：incompressible压缩率，压缩系数：compressibility可相融的，不相融的：miscible，immiscible绝热的：adiabatic；等温的：isothermal体（剪切）弹性系数，体（切）弹性模量：bulk (shear) modulus热传导（率）：thermal conduction (conductivity)（容变）粘性：(bulk) viscousity（切变、容变）粘滞系数：viscous coefficient, coefficient of (shear, bulk) viscosity 无黏（流体）：inviscid (fluid)声速：sound speed频散：dispersion吸收（损失）：absorption (loss)；吸收系数：absorptivity, absorption coefficient耗散（损失）：dissipation (loss)非均匀性：inhomogeneity多孔介质：porous media穿孔：peforation穿孔板：perforated plate穿孔比：ratio of perforation孔隙率：porosity声边界层（厚度）、趋肤深度：acoustic boundary layer (thickness)，skin depth 叠加原理波数声波及传播声波：sound waves, acoustic waves机械（水，重力，声重力）波：mechanical (water, gravity, acoustic-gravity) waves 传播：propagation；纵（横）波：longitudinal (transverse) waves行（驻）波：traveling (standing) waves平面（柱面，球面）波：plane (spherical, cylindrical) waves表面（瑞利，漸失）波：surface (Rayleigh, evanescent) waves压缩（体）波：compressional (bulk) waves声压缩切变（弯曲）波：shear (flexural, bending) waves（切）应变：(shear) strain（切）应力：(shear) stress波导：duct, waveguide；声管：pipe, tube导波：guided waves相（群）速度：phase (group) velocity质点（体积）速度：particle (volume) velocity声压（级）：sound pressure (level)声强（级）：sound intensity (level)声功率（级）：sound power (level)响度（级）：loudness (level)响亮（度）：sonority分贝：decibel （dB）倍频程：octave声阻抗（阻，順，容，抗）：acoustic impedance (resistance, compliance, capacitance, reactance)；声质量：acoustic mass, acoustic inertance；声导纳（导，納）：acoustic admittance, mobility (conductance, susceptance)声阻（抗，阻抗）率：specific acoustic resistance (reactance, impedance)声特性阻抗：acoustic characteristic impedance；法向声阻抗率：specific normal acoustic impedance声导率：acoustical conductivity转移阻抗：transfer impedance阻抗匹配：impedance matching声传输线：acoustic transmission line波前，波阵面：wavefront正（斜，掠）入射：normal (oblique, grazing) incidence反射（系数）：reflection (coefficient)透射（系数）：transmission (coefficient)传输损失，隔声量：transmission loss质量作用定律：mass law折射：refraction；衍射：diffraction；干涉：interference 回响、回声：echo衰減（系数）：attenuation (coefficient)驻波standing wave行波travelling wave声聚焦平面波球面波品质因数qualityfactor涡旋：votex, 涡度：vorticity湍流：turbulence，层流：laminar flow绕射斯奈尔定律波矢量全反射辐射，散射声源：sound source；源强：source strength点源：point source单极子：monopole；偶极子：dipole四极子：quadrupole活塞：piston像源：image source声场：sound field, acoustic field近（远）场：near (far) field声辐射（阻抗）：acoustic radiation (impedance)声发射：acoustic emission散射（截面，损失）：scattering (cross-section, loss)背向散射：backscattering互易性（原理）：reciprocity指向性：directivity传声器指向性直达声：direct sound回声：echo混响：reverberate（动词），reverberation（名词）非线性振动与声冲击波：shock waves声孤立波：acoustic solitary waves；声孤子：acoustic solitons声马赫数：acoustic Mach number分岔：bifurcation；混沌：chaos次谐波（共振）：subharmonics (resonance)声辐射压（力）：acoustic radiation pressure (force)声效应空化：cavitation声致发光：sonoluminescence声化学：sonochemistry声悬浮：acoustic levitation气泡共振：bubble resonance声材料与控制吸声材料（器）：sound absorbent (absorber)消声器：sound damper声障：sound baffle, sound barrier隔声：sound insulation, soundproof隔声罩：acoustical enclosure声屏蔽：acoustic shielding隔声板：acoustic septum消声室：anechoic chamber消声器：muffler, silencer声扩散体：sound diffuser穿孔：perforation；穿孔板：perforated panel室内声学平均自由程换能，仪器设计，测量压电效应：piezoelectricity扬声器：louderspeaker；喇叭：horn话筒，扩音器，麦克风：microphone话筒，扩音器：megaphone听力计：sonometer换能器：transducer水听器：hydrophone声吶：sonar插入损失：insertion loss灵敏度：sensitivity声全息：acoustical holography声探测：sounding声定位：sound localization语图、声谱仪：sonogram, sonograph, echogram 超声扫描术：sonography声测井：sonolog。
FUNDAMENTALS OF ACOUSTICS(6) 声学基础(英文版教学课件)
(x)x
sin2tg2(x)xdx
dFx T(x)xdx(x)x
Applying the Taylor’s series expansion
f(x d x)f(x) ( fx)xd x1 2( 2 xf2)xd x2
d F x T ( x)x x( x)xd x ( x)x T x 22d x
Component of the tension at the two ends of the element is
Fx (Tsin1)x
F xdx(Tsin2)xdx
d F x ( T s in2 )x d x ( T s in1 )x
is small, We get
s•inIf 1
tg1
• Also assume that there are no dissipative
forces (such as those associated with friction or with the radiation of acoustic energy)
2
F x dx
T
ds
2
1 Fx
x
x dx
The equation of motion
• Assume a string of uniform linear density
pl and negligible stiffness, stretched to a
tension T great enough that the effects of gravity can be neglected.
x Fig. A
• Fig. A isolates an infinitesimal element of the
FUNDAMENTALS OF ACOUSTICS(16) 声学基础(英文版教学)
has its own characteristic eigenfrequency
fnx ,ny ,nz
c0 2
nx lx
2
ny ly
2
nz lz
2
when
z
pnxny Anxny cos kx x cos ky ye jkzze jt
2
kz
k2
(k
2 x
k
2 y
)
c0
1,0 0,1 0,
0,0
jk
j
2
565 c0
• The sound pressure in the pipe will be
p
j 2 1130(t z )
A0,0e
c0
A1,0
cos xe j21130t
0.15
A1,0
cos
0.15
ye j21130t .
• It express that there is a major wave（0，
the source frequency
• Example:
lx ly 1m, z
• A rectangular cavity , with source
frequency is 100Hz
From
fnxny
c0 2
( nx )2 ( ny )2
lx
ly
The lowest characteristic eigenfrequency is
lx
2
ly
is large in any size ?
For
lx
22
so nx 1, ny 0
can travel in the rectangular cavity
FUNDAMENTALS OF ACOUSTICS(11) 声学基础(英文版教学课件)
• Z=p / u, then
ui pi / 1c1 ,ur pr / 1c1 ut pt / 2c2
From the equation of motion
Sound energy reflected is described by the sound power reflection coefficient, and sound energy is proportional to its intensity. The
u1n (x,t) x0 u2n (x,t) x0
The second condition, continuity of normal velocity, requires that the fluid remain in contact.
• We have defined the ratio of acoustic
Which ,when striking the boundary , generates a
reflected wave
pr
B e j (t k1t ) 1
And a transmitted wave
pt
A e j(tk2t ) 2
Note: The transmitted wave has the same frequency as the incident wave but , because of the different
pi+pr =pt at x=0 ui+ur=ut at x=0
1 B1 A2 A1 A1
声学基础专业英文
声学英文词彙声音,声学及其分支声音:sound可听声(阈):audible sound超声:ultrasound次声:infrasound水声:underwater sound地声:underground sound噪声:noise声学:Acoustics物理声学:Physical Acoustics;非线性声学:Nonlinear Acoustics超声学:Ultrasonics;次声学:Infrasonics;水声学:Underwater Acoustics 气动声学:Aeroacoustics建筑声学:Architectural Acoustics;室內声学:Room Acoustics音乐声学:Musical Acoustics环境声学:Environmental Acoustics海洋声学:Oceanic Acoustics电声学:Electroacoustics语言声学:Speech Acoustics;语音信号处理:Speech Processing声信号处理:Acoustical Signal Processing光声学:Optoacoustics医学超声学:Medical Ultrasonics生物声学:Bioacoustics声化学:Sonochemistry生理声学:Physiological Acoustics;心理声学:Phsychoacoustics振动振动:vibration受迫振动:forced vibration阻尼振动弹性:elasticity劲度:stiffness;弹性常数:stiffness constant恢复力:restoration;张力:tension惯性,声质量:inertance力(机械)阻抗(阻,順,抗):mechanical impedance (resistance, compliance, reactance)力导纳(导,納):mechanical admittance, mobility (responsiveness, excitability)集总线路元件:lumped circuit elements共振:resonance;反共振:antiresonance参量共振:parametric resonance共鸣器,共振器:resonator亥姆霍茲共鸣器:Helmholtz resonator振子:oscillator激振器:vibrator隔振:isolation(阻抗型,导纳型)类比:(impedance-type, mobility-type) analogy摩擦(力):friction (force)阻尼(系数):damping (coefficient)衰变:decay谐波:harmonics,谐与:harmony基频:fundamental frequency固有(特征,本征)频率:natural (characteristic, eigen-) frequency简正频率(方式、模式):normal frequency (mode)波节:node;波腹:antinode, loop音:tone;泛音:overtone;音调:pitch;音色:timbre声媒质及其性质媒质、介质:medium可压缩的:compressible;不可压缩的: incompressible压缩率,压缩系数:compressibility可相融的,不相融的:miscible,immiscible绝热的:adiabatic;等温的: isothermal体(剪切)弹性系数,体(切)弹性模量:bulk (shear) modulus热传导(率):thermal conduction (conductivity)(容变)粘性:(bulk) viscousity(切变、容变)粘滞系数:viscous coefficient, coefficient of (shear, bulk) viscosity 无黏(流体):inviscid (fluid)声速:sound speed频散:dispersion吸收(损失):absorption (loss);吸收系数:absorptivity, absorption coefficient耗散(损失):dissipation (loss)非均匀性:inhomogeneity多孔介质:porous media穿孔:peforation穿孔板:perforated plate穿孔比:ratio of perforation孔隙率:porosity声边界层(厚度)、趋肤深度:acoustic boundary layer (thickness),skin depth叠加原理波数声波及传播声波:sound waves, acoustic waves机械(水,重力,声重力)波:mechanical (water, gravity, acoustic-gravity) waves传播:propagation;纵(横)波:longitudinal (transverse) waves行(驻)波:traveling (standing) waves平面(柱面,球面)波:plane (spherical, cylindrical) waves表面(瑞利,漸失)波:surface (Rayleigh, evanescent) waves压缩(体)波:compressional (bulk) waves声压缩切变(弯曲)波:shear (flexural, bending) waves(切)应变:(shear) strain(切)应力:(shear) stress波导:duct, waveguide;声管:pipe, tube导波:guided waves相(群)速度:phase (group) velocity质点(体积)速度:particle (volume) velocity声压(级):sound pressure (level)声强(级):sound intensity (level)声功率(级):sound power (level)响度(级):loudness (level)响亮(度):sonority分贝:decibel (dB)倍频程:octave声阻抗(阻,順,容,抗):acoustic impedance (resistance, compliance, capacitance, reactance);声质量:acoustic mass, acoustic inertance;声导纳(导,納):acoustic admittance, mobility (conductance, susceptance)声阻(抗,阻抗)率:specific acoustic resistance (reactance, impedance)声特性阻抗:acoustic characteristic impedance;法向声阻抗率:specific normal acoustic impedance声导率:acoustical conductivity转移阻抗:transfer impedance阻抗匹配:impedance matching声传输线:acoustic transmission line波前,波阵面:wavefront正(斜,掠)入射:normal (oblique, grazing) incidence反射(系数):reflection (coefficient)透射(系数):transmission (coefficient)传输损失,隔声量:transmission loss质量作用定律:mass law折射:refraction;衍射:diffraction;干涉:interference回响、回声:echo衰減(系数):attenuation (coefficient)驻波standing wave行波travelling wave声聚焦平面波球面波品质因数qualityfactor涡旋:votex, 涡度:vorticity湍流:turbulence,层流:laminar flow绕射斯奈尔定律波矢量全反射辐射,散射声源:sound source;源强:source strength点源:point source单极子:monopole;偶极子:dipole四极子:quadrupole活塞:piston像源:image source声场:sound field, acoustic field近(远)场:near (far) field声辐射(阻抗):acoustic radiation (impedance)声发射:acoustic emission散射(截面,损失):scattering (cross-section, loss)背向散射:backscattering互易性(原理):reciprocity指向性:directivity传声器指向性直达声:direct sound回声:echo混响:reverberate(动词),reverberation(名词)非线性振动与声冲击波:shock waves声孤立波:acoustic solitary waves;声孤子:acoustic solitons声马赫数:acoustic Mach number分岔:bifurcation;混沌:chaos次谐波(共振):subharmonics (resonance)声辐射压(力):acoustic radiation pressure (force)声效应空化:cavitation声致发光:sonoluminescence声化学:sonochemistry声悬浮:acoustic levitation气泡共振:bubble resonance声材料与控制吸声材料(器):sound absorbent (absorber)消声器:sound damper声障:sound baffle, sound barrier 隔声:sound insulation, soundproof 隔声罩:acoustical enclosure声屏蔽:acoustic shielding隔声板:acoustic septum消声室:anechoic chamber消声器:muffler, silencer声扩散体:sound diffuser穿孔:perforation;穿孔板:perforated panel室内声学平均自由程换能,仪器设计,测量压电效应:piezoelectricity扬声器:louderspeaker;喇叭:horn 话筒,扩音器,麦克风:microphone 话筒,扩音器:megaphone听力计:sonometer换能器:transducer水听器:hydrophone声吶:sonar插入损失:insertion loss灵敏度:sensitivity声全息:acoustical holography声探测:sounding声定位:sound localization语图、声谱仪:sonogram, sonograph, echogram 超声扫描术:sonography声测井:sonolog。
FUNDAMENTALS OF ACOUSTICS(9) 声学基础(英文版教学课件)
element is EEkEp1 20V0u21 2p 0c22V0
The instantaneous energy density :
The energy per unit volume, In joules per cubic meter(J/m3)
• Its fundamental units are watts per
square meter (W/m2).
• The sound intensity is the time average of
sound energy flux density
I 1
Tr pudt
T0
It can be written in another form
Sound energy flux density
sound energy transmitted through a unit area and a unit time normal to the direction of sound transmisspdSdv
FUNDAMENTALS OF ACOUSTIC (9)
THE ENERGY RELATIONSHIPS IN SOUND FIELD
EK 12(0V0)u2
Where 0 V 0
The mass of the element , is calculated using the density and volume of the undisturbed fluid.
produced by the voice varies from about 1 erg per sec for very weak speech to about 104ergs per sec for loud speech.
声学基础 教学大纲
三、主要内容及学时安排
章或节 绪论 第1章 第2章
主要内容 声学的科学、技术和艺术
质点振动系统 弹性体的振动
学时安排 1 6 2
习题及讨论课
2
第3章
理想流体介质中声波的传播
6
球面声波的波动方程及其声阻抗率
6
声波在管中的传播
5
期中考试
2
第4章
声波的辐射
10
第5章
声波的散射
4
第6章
声波的吸收
2
第7章
声波的接收
的振动方程及其解，理解三种振动状态下的振动能量，掌握振动系统的 固有频率以及振动系统对固有频率的影响，理解谐振现象、强迫振动过 渡过程的物理意义；掌握机电类比方法。 (2) 弹性体的振动：理解弦的振动，建立弦的振动方程，求解弦振动方程的 一般解，理解弦自由振动的一般规律 — 弦振动的驻波解并理解解的物 理意义；了解棒的纵振动，建立棒的振动方程并求解；了解膜的振动及 膜振动方程。 (3) 声场的声学量：理解声压、质点振速、质点位移和声速的物理概念，推 导出理想流体介质中的三个基本方程；推导小振幅声波传播的波动方程， 理解声能密度、声能流密度、声强、声功率、声压级和声强级的物理概 念； (4) 建立平面波波动方程并求其解，掌握振速和声压的关系，明确声阻抗率 与介质特征阻抗的概念；了解声学边界条件，理解平面声波的反射、折
6
习题及讨论
2
期末考试
四、考核方式： 平时作业，期中、期末闭卷笔试
五、开课专业： 海洋技术
六、其它信息： 双语教学课程
主要 1. 何祚镰、赵玉芳，声学理论基础，北京：国防工业出版社，1981 参考书 2. 杜功焕、朱哲民、龚秀芬，声学基础， 南京大学出版社， 2002
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声学英文词彙声音，声学及其分支声音：sound可听声〔阈〕：audible sound超声：ultrasound次声：infrasound水声：underwater sound地声：underground sound噪声：noise声学：Acoustics物理声学：Physical Acoustics；非线性声学：Nonlinear Acoustics超声学：Ultrasonics；次声学：Infrasonics；水声学：Underwater Acoustics 气动声学：Aeroacoustics建筑声学：Architectural Acoustics；室內声学：Room Acoustics音乐声学：Musical Acoustics环境声学：Environmental Acoustics海洋声学：Oceanic Acoustics电声学：Electroacoustics语言声学：Speech Acoustics；语音信号处理：Speech Processing声信号处理：Acoustical Signal Processing光声学：Optoacoustics医学超声学：Medical Ultrasonics生物声学：Bioacoustics声化学：Sonochemistry生理声学：Physiological Acoustics；心理声学：Phsychoacoustics振动振动：vibration受迫振动：forced vibration阻尼振动弹性：elasticity劲度：stiffness；弹性常数：stiffness constant恢复力：restoration；张力：tension惯性，声质量：inertance力〔机械〕阻抗〔阻，順，抗〕：mechanical impedance (resistance, compliance, reactance)力导纳〔导，納〕：mechanical admittance, mobility (responsiveness, excitability)集总线路元件：lumped circuit elements共振：resonance；反共振：antiresonance参量共振：parametric resonance共鸣器，共振器：resonator亥姆霍茲共鸣器：Helmholtz resonator振子：oscillator激振器：vibrator隔振：isolation〔阻抗型，导纳型〕类比：(impedance-type, mobility-type) analogy摩擦〔力〕：friction (force)阻尼〔系数〕：damping (coefficient)衰变：decay谐波：harmonics，谐和：harmony基频：fundamental frequency固有〔特征，本征〕频率：natural (characteristic, eigen-) frequency简正频率〔方式、模式〕：normal frequency (mode)波节：node；波腹：antinode, loop音：tone；泛音：overtone；音调：pitch；音色：timbre声媒质及其性质媒质、介质：medium可压缩的：compressible；不可压缩的：incompressible压缩率，压缩系数：compressibility可相融的，不相融的：miscible，immiscible绝热的：adiabatic；等温的：isothermal体〔剪切〕弹性系数，体〔切〕弹性模量：bulk (shear) modulus热传导〔率〕：thermal conduction (conductivity)〔容变〕粘性：(bulk) viscousity〔切变、容变〕粘滞系数：viscous coefficient, coefficient of (shear, bulk) viscosity 无黏〔流体〕：inviscid (fluid)声速：sound speed频散：dispersion吸收〔损失〕：absorption (loss)；吸收系数：absorptivity, absorption coefficient耗散〔损失〕：dissipation (loss)非均匀性：inhomogeneity多孔介质：porous media穿孔：peforation穿孔板：perforated plate穿孔比：ratio of perforation孔隙率：porosity声边界层〔厚度〕、趋肤深度：acoustic boundary layer (thickness)，skin depth 叠加原理波数声涉及传播声波：sound waves, acoustic waves机械〔水，重力，声重力〕波：mechanical (water, gravity, acoustic-gravity) waves 传播：propagation；纵〔横〕波：longitudinal (transverse) waves行〔驻〕波：traveling (standing) waves平面〔柱面，球面〕波：plane (spherical, cylindrical) waves外表〔瑞利，漸失〕波：surface (Rayleigh, evanescent) waves压缩〔体〕波：compressional (bulk) waves声压缩切变〔弯曲〕波：shear (flexural, bending) waves〔切〕应变：(shear) strain〔切〕应力：(shear) stress波导：duct, waveguide；声管：pipe, tube导波：guided waves相〔群〕速度：phase (group) velocity质点〔体积〕速度：particle (volume) velocity声压〔级〕：sound pressure (level)声强〔级〕：sound intensity (level)声功率〔级〕：sound power (level)响度〔级〕：loudness (level)响亮〔度〕：sonority分贝：decibel 〔dB〕倍频程：octave声阻抗〔阻，順，容，抗〕：acoustic impedance (resistance, compliance, capacitance, reactance)；声质量：acoustic mass, acoustic inertance；声导纳〔导，納〕：acoustic admittance, mobility (conductance, susceptance)声阻〔抗，阻抗〕率：specific acoustic resistance (reactance, impedance)声特性阻抗：acoustic characteristic impedance；法向声阻抗率：specific normal acoustic impedance声导率：acoustical conductivity转移阻抗：transfer impedance阻抗匹配：impedance matching声传输线：acoustic transmission line波前，波阵面：wavefront正〔斜，掠〕入射：normal (oblique, grazing) incidence反射〔系数〕：reflection (coefficient)透射〔系数〕：transmission (coefficient)传输损失，隔声量：transmission loss质量作用定律：mass law折射：refraction；衍射：diffraction；干预：interference 回响、回声：echo衰減〔系数〕：attenuation (coefficient)驻波standing wave行波travelling wave声聚焦平面波球面波品质因数qualityfactor涡旋：votex, 涡度：vorticity湍流：turbulence，层流：laminar flow绕射斯奈尔定律波矢量全反射辐射，散射声源：sound source；源强：source strength点源：point source单极子：monopole；偶极子：dipole四极子：quadrupole活塞：piston像源：image source声场：sound field, acoustic field近〔远〕场：near (far) field声辐射〔阻抗〕：acoustic radiation (impedance)声发射：acoustic emission散射〔截面，损失〕：scattering (cross-section, loss)背向散射：backscattering互易性〔原理〕：reciprocity指向性：directivity传声器指向性直达声：direct sound回声：echo混响：reverberate〔动词〕，reverberation〔名词〕非线性振动与声冲击波：shock waves声孤立波：acoustic solitary waves；声孤子：acoustic solitons声马赫数：acoustic Mach number分岔：bifurcation；混沌：chaos次谐波〔共振〕：subharmonics (resonance)声辐射压〔力〕：acoustic radiation pressure (force)声效应空化：cavitation声致发光：sonoluminescence声化学：sonochemistry声悬浮：acoustic levitation气泡共振：bubble resonance声材料与控制吸声材料〔器〕：sound absorbent (absorber)消声器：sound damper声障：sound baffle, sound barrier隔声：sound insulation, soundproof隔声罩：acoustical enclosure声屏蔽：acoustic shielding隔声板：acoustic septum消声室：anechoic chamber消声器：muffler, silencer声扩散体：sound diffuser穿孔：perforation；穿孔板：perforated panel室内声学平均自由程换能，仪器设计，测量压电效应：piezoelectricity扬声器：louderspeaker；喇叭：horn话筒，扩音器，麦克风：microphone话筒，扩音器：megaphone听力计：sonometer换能器：transducer水听器：hydrophone声吶：sonar插入损失：insertion loss灵敏度：sensitivity声全息：acoustical holography声探测：sounding声定位：sound localization语图、声谱仪：sonogram, sonograph, echogram 超声扫描术：sonography声测井：sonolog。