全国2014年4月自考语言与文化试题.
4月自考大学语文真题试题及答案（word完整版）
4月自考大学语文真题试题及答案（word完整版）全国2014年4月高等教育自学考试大学语文试题课程代码：04729 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。
选择题部分注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。
2．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在试题卷上。
一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题纸”的相应代码涂黑。
错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。
1．《秋水》（节选）中说“仲尼语之以为博”，语中“仲尼”指的是A．伯夷 B．孟子C．孔子 D．老子2．在《就任北京大学校长之演说》中，蔡元培提及他自己在德国的生活经历，用以说明的论题是A．抱定宗旨 B．端正学风C．砥砺德行 D．敬爱师友3．下列《我的世界观》语句中，表达了作者“人生基本理念”的是A．人是为别人而生存的B．每个人都有一定的理想，这种理想决定着他的努力和判断的方向C．我实在是一个“孤独的旅客”D．只有个人才能创造出高尚的和卓越的东西4．下列《冯谖客孟尝君》情节中，能够显示孟尝君礼贤下士品格的是A．弹铗三歌 B．收责于薛C．西游于梁 D．立宗庙于薛5．下列《垓下之围》项羽的言语中，表现出对敌人的鄙视和视死如归精神的是A．此天之亡我，非战之罪也 B．汉皆已得楚乎？是何楚人之多也C．吾为公取彼一将 D．吾闻汉购我头千金，邑万户，吾为若德6．下列著作中，作者为韩愈的是．A．《壮悔堂文集》 B．《昌黎先生集》C．《震川先生集》 D．《樊川集》7．《先妣事略》一文中，“不忧米盐，乃劳苦若不谋夕”的人物是A．外祖 B．周孺人C．大姊 D．老妪8．《马伶传》一文的叙事特点是A．夹叙夹议 B．双线并进C．插叙 D．倒叙9．《香市》：“在我看来，这所谓的‘南洋武术班’的几套把式比起从前‘香市’里的打拳头卖膏药的玩意来，委实是好看得多了。
2014年自考语言学概论试题
⽆忧考为⼴⼤考⽣整理了2014年⾃考语⾔学概论试题，供⼴⼤考⽣参考：第⼀章语⾔和语⾔学 ⼀、单项选择题 1.语⾔的客观存在形式⾸先表现为⼝语。
语⾔学是指研究语⾔的科学。
2.在个别情况下，当⼝语已经发⽣巨⼤变化⽽书⾯语长期保持古代语⾔的⾯貌不变时，就可能产⽣⾔⽂脱节的现象。
3.在我国，⽩话⽂代替⽂⾔⽂的时间是五四运动以后。
4.世界各国都把书⾯语的产⽣作为⽂明史的开端。
5.共同的历史⽂化传统和民族认同感是确定⼀个“民族”的最根本的标准。
6.语⾔是最直观最容易识别的民族标志。
7.⼝语是语⾔的有声客观存在形式。
8.书⾯语虽然在⼝语的基础上产⽣，但也影响⼝语的发展。
9.⼝语和书⾯语都有两个⽅⾯：⼀⽅⾯是表⽰⼀定意义的声⾳或图形，这是⼀种物理现象；另⼀⽅⾯则是由声⾳或图形表⽰的意义，那是⼀种⼼理现象。
10.⼈与⼈的⼝头交际过程是⾮常复杂的，从通信理论的⾓度可以将之理解为编码和解码的过程。
11.主张把语⾔和⾔语分开的代表⼈和集⼤成的学者是现代语⾔之⽗索绪尔，他的代表作是《普通语⾔学教程》。
12.语⾔符号的特点有：任意性、强制性、可变性、离散性、线性。
13.索绪尔创⽴的语⾔学，使语⾔学成为现代意义的科学。
14.⾔语活动可以分为语⾔和⾔语两个分⽀，即索绪尔提出⼈类⾔语活动可分为语⾔和⾔语两个部分。
15.语⾔和⾔语：“语⾔”是⾔语活动中同⼀社会群体共同掌握的有规律可循⽽⼜成为系统的那⼀部分。
⾔语是个⼈“说话”的具体⾏为和结果，在每个⼈的发⾳、⽤词和使⽤的句⼦结构等⽅⾯体现出个⼈特⾊。
16.书⾯语和⼝语的关系是：前者是第⼆性的，后者是第-性的。
17.⼝语和书⾯语的所谓⼀致，是指基本的语⾔成分。
18.语⾔符号的物质实体（语⾳）和所表⽰的意义（语义）之间没有必然的理据关系，这说明，语⾔符号具有任意性。
19.语⾔符号是离散的，在时间这根轴上成线性排列。
语⾔符号的线性特征使离散的语⾔符号有可能组合成⼤⼩不等的语⾔单位，组合成连续的语流。
2014年04月试卷及答案详解
2014年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语(二)试卷真题解析(课程代码00015)第一部分：阅读判断（第1～10题，每题1分，共10分）下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C，并将所选答案的代码（指A、B或C）填在答题纸的相应位置上。
Running:Sport or Way of Life?You go through the channels several times and find that once again there's nothing onTV that interests you.Not a problem!Just put on some running shoes and comfortableclothes and go for a run.One of the best things about the sport of running is that you don't need expensiveequipment.All you need is a good pair of running shoes and a safe environment.But don't befooled into thinking the sport of running is easy.It requires discipline and concentration.Running is good for you both physically and mentally.It strengthens your heart,lungs,and muscles.It makes you more aware of your body.Running also improves your body sothat you don't get sick as easily.It can even help you to stay more focused in school becauseexercise helps you to think more clearly.How do you get engaged in the sport if you don't know much about it?Most schoolsoffer running programs.A simple Internet search can help you find some in your area.Theprograms show you how running can offer competition or just be for fun.They also teachrunners to set practical goals and take care of their bodies.Runners have great respect for each other because they know how difficult the sport canbe.If you go to a race,you'll see people cheering for all the runners.Running isn't alwaysabout how fast you are running or how far you're going.It's about getting out there and doingit.Participation is more important than competition,and effort is recognized over talent.If you're looking for more than just a sport,running may be the perfect choice for you.1.You may find it interesting to go for a run.A．True B．False C．Not Given【答案】A【解析】题干大意：你可能会发现跑步是一件有趣的事情。
全国2014年4月自考汉语基础试题00416
绝密★考试结束前全国2014年4月高等教育自学考试汉语基础试题课程代码：00416请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。
选择题部分注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。
2．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在试题卷上。
一、单项选择题(本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题纸”的相应代码涂黑。
错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。
1．发音时气流在口腔或咽头受到阻碍发出的音是A．元音B．辅音C．声母D．韵母2．声母d和t的区别在于A．发音部位相同而发音方法不同B．发音部位不同而发音方法相同C．发音部位和发音方法都相同 D.发音部位和发音方法都不同3．舌面元音“e”的发音条件是A．前、高、圆唇元音B．后、半高、圆唇元音C．前、半低、不圆唇元音D．后、半高、不圆唇元音4．以“i”开头的韵母是A．齐齿呼B．开口呼C．合口呼D．撮口呼5．下列各组韵母中都能与声母zh相拼的一组是A．ing uai B．ei iangC．an uo D. ue o6．第一个音节全都变读为21调的是A．毁灭、朴素、想法B．伪劣、请假、奶奶C．柳树、有趣、舞蹈D．演示、使命、广场7．下列既有双声又有叠韵的一组是A．蜘蛛、枇杷B．彷徨、伶俐C．逍遥、琥珀D．鸳鸯、从容8．下列复合式合成词都属于主谓式的一组是A．途径、提高B．民主、建设C．自动、司机D．自学、日食9．下列词中是单纯词的一组是A．鸟儿、甜头B．红通通、干巴巴 c．奶奶、妈妈D．姥姥、猩猩1O．下列词中都是附加式合成词的一组是A．动员、事业B．花儿、原则性 C．老虎、老实D．店员、手机11.“厌恶”与“喜爱”的区别是A．感情色彩B．语体色彩C．形象色彩D．理性意义12．下列外来词中属于借形词的是A．坦克 B.因特网C．石榴D．经济．13．下列各组词语都属于名词的一组是A．飞机、繁荣B．怎样、舍得C．咱们、大伙D．东边、秋天14．“听了很高兴”这个短语是A．状中短语B．中补短语C．连谓短语D．同位短语15．“这部电影我们都看过。
全国2014年4月自考高级英语真题
绝密★考试结束前全国2014年4月高等教育自学考试高级英语试题课程代码：00600请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。
选择题部分注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。
2．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在试题卷上。
本试卷共8页，满分100分；考试时间150分钟，全部题目用英文作答（英译汉题目外），并将答案写在答题纸的相应位置上，否则不计分。
I.Each of the following sentences is given four choices of words or expressions.Choose the right one to complete the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.(15points,1point for each)1.With his last______,he murmured the name of the person who murdered him.A.gaspB.chokeC.exhaleD.respiration2.The teenager’s______of the pop star worried her parents.A.applauseplimentC.adulationD.recommendation3.The adventurous mission______his spirits.A.exaltedB.inspiredC.gladdenedD.exhilarated4.The girl made one last______to her father for permission to go to the party.A.appealB.prayC.suggestionD.attraction5.Working with one’s head causes a sensation of hunger quite as much as ______work.A.futileB.muscularC.diligentD.aggressive6.He asked how committed the leadership was to______its people from poverty.A.deliveringB.liberatingC.dismissingpelling7.The judge told him to______from threatening his wife.A.desistB.persistC.denounceD.persevere8.The conservation group was______in its opposition to the new airport.A.roughB.troublesomeC.tenaciousD.uninterrupted9.The terrorists entered the building______as medical workers.A.disguisingB.distortingC.disorderingD.distinguishing10.It seemed impossible that these______boats could survive in such a storm.A.frailB.fragileC.wailfulD.delicate11.His arrival______new life and energy into the team.A.drenchedB.animatedC.infusedD.saturated12.The government is ready to______houses to the homeless in that area.A.locateB.allotC.donateD.divide13.He asked me to look at both sides of a case before making a(n)______ decision.A.brutalB.rationalC.absurdD.courteous14.She______the mark on the wall for ages,but it wouldn’t come off.A.scrubbedB.brushedC.sweptD.removed15.Some fresh fruits are highly______and should be kept in cool places.A.perishableB.eligibleC.permissibleD.affordableRead the following passage carefully and complete the succeeding three items II,IV,V.(1)A rift is growing between government and higher education,with debates over funding,missions and accountability.(2)In that context,it is all the more worth watching Indiana Governor Mitch Daniels,who assumes the presidency of Purdue University on January14.Other governors have become college presidents.Some,like Tom Kean,have been very successful.However,Daniels—who brings to the job an unusual blend of leadership experiences in government at the state and national level,public policy,business,and now academe—is coming to office at a time of unusual tension.(3)Governors increasingly characterize the rising costs of higher education and its limited access as unsustainable.Many find it imperative that universities increase their productivity,affordability,access,graduation rates,and accountability.In contrast,university presidents say that quality,not cost,is the real issue in an era in which excellence in higher education is more urgent than ever before in history.The question,academic leaders say,should not be the price of college,but who pays,criticizing government for disinvesting in higher education.Bottom line:Between the governors and the presidents,there is increasingly little if any common ground other than recognizing the importance of higher education.They have entirely different views of the problem,no agreement on responsibility,and nothing in the way of a shared solution.(4)In his first public action as president of Purdue,Daniels has bridged the chasm with a salary package that incorporates the goals of both the governors and the presidents.He did this in two ways.The first was conciliatory,eliminating the red flag that sets off both government and the academy:He rejected presidential salary inflation.His salary package is smaller than his predecessor’s,placing him tenth among the12Big Ten university presidents in terms of salary.There is no deferred compensation.(5)Second,and more importantly in terms of national models,is that Governor Daniels asked for a salary based upon achieving his goals for the university. The package is divided into two buckets—base salary and bonus.The bonus is tied to graduation rates,affordability,student achievement,philanthropic support,faculty excellence,and strategic program initiatives.In establishing this bonus system,Daniels married traditional notions of academic quality—as measured by excellence in faculty,programs and resources—with an equal emphasis on effective outcomes and price controls:graduation rates,affordability,and student achievement.(6)In so doing,Daniels has demonstrated his belief that there is common ground to be found between the university and government.The choice is not quality or effectiveness,not excellence or affordability;the future of higher education is not a zero-sum game in which one side wins and the other loses.Rather,he believes it is possible to balance the seemingly conflicting goals of government and higher education.(7)Daniels is not the first president to have his salary tied to achieving institutional goals,but he is probably the most visible.Moreover,although Daniels is renouncing involvement in partisan politics as he enters the Purdue presidency,he is a former Republican governor and party leader known as a frugal fiscal conservative.Historically,the divisions have been greater between Republicans and the academy than has been the case with Democrats.In a very real sense,what Daniels has chosen to do is somewhat akin to Nixon going to China.He has undertaken an experiment to be closely watched.If successful,he will have established a potential model for the country.(8)Typically,presidents reserve such powerful statements for their inaugural addresses.Though such addresses are sincere in intent—I can vouch for that,as someone who has given two and listened to many more—they are generally aspirational;they articulate hopes and dreams for what an institution can become.Daniels has already done something very different. He is putting himself on the line in a very public fashion.Year after year his salary will be determined by his success.And perhaps even more importantly,his success or failure will be public when his board announces the size and rationale for his bonus.(9)It’s a bold step—and Governor Daniels should be applauded for taking it.II.In this section,there are ten incomplete statements or questions, followed by four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.(20points,2points for each)16.The word“rift”in Paragraph1means______A.gapB.dilemmaC.painD.headache17.As to higher education,the government is more and more concerned about ______.A.costs and productivityB.accountabilityC.costs and accessD.graduation rates18.Which of the following statements is true about Daniels’salary package?A.He applies for salary inflation.B.The salary should be more than bonus.C.The salary should be based on his achievement.D.His salary package is the smallest among university presidents.19.The word“married”in Paragraph5means______A.meltedbinedC.arrangedD.acknowledged20.According to the author,the future of higher education is not a zero-sum game because______.A.neither government nor higher education can winB.higher education can achieve both quality and effectivenessC.excellence can only be attained at the cost of affordabilityernment and higher education can never reach agreement21.Nixon’s visit to China is mentioned______.A.to highlight Daniels’pioneering workB.to extol Nixon’s contribution to the countryC.to point out the division between Republicans and DemocratsD.to show the importance of the relationship between the two nations22.The word“articulate”in Paragraph8means______.A.designB.cultivateC.fosterD.express23.It can be inferred from Paragraph8that the author is probably______.A.a farmerB.a freelancerC.a company employeeD.a president of an organization24.The author’s attitude towards Daniels’reformation is______.A.expectantB.indifferentC.negativeD.critical25.Which of the following is most appropriate as a title for this passage?A.A Hard TimeB.A Loyal PresidentC.A Powerful StatementD.A Promising Industry非选择题部分注意事项：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。
2014年4月全国自考(语言学概论)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2014年4月全国自考（语言学概论）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 单项选择题 2. 多项选择题 3. 名词解释 4. 简答题 5. 分析题6. 论述题单项选择题1．结构主义语言学的奠基人是著名语言学家( )A．葆朴B．乔姆斯基C．洪堡特D．索绪尔正确答案：D2．舌面的元音中，“前低不圆唇元音”是( )A．[a]B．[u]C．[i]D．[o]正确答案：A解析：根据元音舌位图，[a]为前低不圆唇元音，[u]为后高圆唇元音，[i]为前高不圆唇元音，[o]为后半高圆唇元音。
故本题正确答案为A。
3．现在仍在使用的自源文字是( )A．苏美尔文字B．玛雅文字C．汉字D．古埃及文字正确答案：C4．“名无固宜，约之以命，约定俗成谓之宜，异于约谓之不宜”这句话出自( )A．《论语．述而》B．《庄子．养生主》C．《韩非子．五蠹》D．《荀子．正名》正确答案：D5．人的大脑语言功能的临界期现在一般认为大约是( )A．5—6岁B．7—8岁C．9—10岁D．12—13岁正确答案：D解析：现在一般认为人的大脑语言功能的临界期最迟是十二至十三岁．这时大脑左右半球的功能已经定型，如果这以后左半球再受伤，丧失的语言能力就很难恢复了，人也就肯定不可能学会说话了。
6．“外甥打灯笼——照舅”属于( )A．谚语B．成语C．歇后语D．惯用语正确答案：C解析：歇后语由两部分组成，一般只说上半句，下半句略去，利用谐音或比喻双关来表达某种意义。
“外甥打灯笼”表示谐音双关义“照舅(照旧)”，属于典型的歇后语。
7．汉民族标准语是( )A．国语B．普通话C．书面语D．北京话正确答案：B解析：普通话“以北京语音为标准音，以北方方言为基础方言，以典范的现代白话文著作为语法规范”，是汉民族的标准语。
国语可以看作是一个国家内各民族之间的共同语；书面语是相对于口语而言的，常用于书面写作和较庄重的交际场合；北京话是一种地域方言。
8．克里奥耳语又叫( )A．洋泾浜语B．皮钦语C．混合语D．多式综合语正确答案：C9．研究人类社会的语言这种社会现象的一般理论的语言学属于( )A．普通语言学B．本体语言学C．社会语言学D．文化语言学正确答案：A10．从音质角度划分出来的最小语音单位是( )A．音节B．音素C．音位D．音标正确答案：B解析：根据音质的不同，对一串语音不断加以切分，直到不能再切分为止，这样得到的语音单位就是“音素”。
汉语言文学本科自考专业2014年04月自学考试00015《英语(二)》历年真题及答案
2014年4月自考英语二00015试题及答案第一部分：阅读判断（10*1分）Running: sport or way of life?You go through the channels several times and find that once again there’s nothing on TV that interests you. Not a problem! Just put on some running shoes and comfortabl e clothes and go for a run.One of the best things about the sport of running is that you d on’t need expensive equipment. All you need is a good pair of running shoes and a safe environment. But d on’t be fool ed into thinking the sport of running is easy. It requires discipline and concentration.Running is good for you both physically and mentally. It strengthens your heart, lungs, and muscl es. It makes you more aware of your body. Running also improves your body so that you d on’t get sick as easily. It c an even help you to stay more focused in school because exercise helps you to think more cl early.How d o you get engaged in the sport if you d on’t know much about it? Most schools offer running programs. A simpl e Internet search can help you find some in your area. The programs show you how running can offer competition or just be for fun. They also teach runners to set practical goals and take care of their bodies.Runners have great respect for each other because they know how difficult the spor t can be. If you go to a race, you’ll see peopl e cheering for all the runners. Running isn’t always about how fast you are running or how far you’re going. It’s about getting out there and d oing it. Participation is more important than competition, and effort is recognized over talent.It you’re looking for more than just a sport, running may be the perfect choice for you.1.You may find it interesting to go for a run.A.TrueB. FalseC. Not Given2.The sport of running is easy.A.TrueB. FalseC. Not Given3.It’s hard to find a safe environment for running.A.TrueB. FalseC. Not Given4.Running is good to peopl e’s body and mind.A.TrueB. FalseC. Not Given5. A l ong-distance run is good in many ways.A.TrueB. FalseC. Not Given6.You can find running programs online.A.TrueB. FalseC. Not Given7.Running programs set goals for you.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given8.You should go for a run every day.A.TrueB. FalseC. Not Given9.Runners respect one another as they l ove the sport.A.TrueB. FalseC. Not Given10.Running means more than a sport.A.TrueB. FalseC. Not Given第二部分：阅读选择（5*2）Kindness or StrangersAt the store where I worked, I noticed a young boy of about ten shopping alone with his school list. He placed everything in his basket and went to the checkout.The young shop assistant tol d him the total price, $37.60. the boy was instantly disappointed and said he had only been given $20. He took out one thing at a time until he got d own to his $20. With eyes full of tears, he asked if he coul d phone his mum to pick him up. When he got through, it appeared that even this was inconvenient for his mother.He bit hard on his lip to stop the tears and walked outsid e to wait on the bench in front of the shop. This was all too much for the young assistant who hadserved him and she said, “ I wish I could afford to pay for the rest of his things.” One of the other girls said she had a few d ollars. Then two others said they could help as well.These four young girls pool ed their money and found that they had more than enough money for the boy’s extra purchases. So they upgrad ed his pens and pencils to top-quality ones, then took the bag out to the boy on the seat. His young face changed from sadness to the most beautiful smile. His mother arrived much later to pick him up. Instead of running to the car, he ran back into the store and call ed out, “ thank you!”I was so proud of my team that day. They did something wond erful for that boy and also found the pl easure of giving was as great as receiving.11.The boy went to the store to__________.A. buy a basketB. ask for helpC. shop for schoolD. make a phone call12.At the checkout, the boy found that he ______________.A. didn’t have enough moneyB. didn’t have his money on himC. forgot to ask his mum for moneyD. had lost his money in the sore13. The boy walked out of the store to ______________.A. wait for his mumB. rest on the benchC. get more moneyD. l ook for a friend14. The shop assistants were ________________.A. curiousB. wealthyC. well-trainedD. kind-hearted15. The boy ran back into the store to ______________.A. d o extra shoppingB. express his thanksC. return the moneyD. take his bag out第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子（10*1）Our Muscles(1)When we think of muscl es, we might often picture a bodybuild er with big arm and l eg muscl es. But our muscl es do not have to look like that to work well.(2)As a matter of fact, every time we write our name, we use the 20 different muscl es in our hand. Every time our heart beats, we use our cardiac muscl e(心肌) . When we eat our food, we use our tongue muscl es. We even use muscles when we open and cl ose our eyes. In fact, every time we move, we use some of the muscl es in our body.(3)A muscl e is mad e of tiny fibers. Fiber is a type of tissue that feels a little like a rubber band. Thousands of these fibers are packed together to make a singl e muscl e. We all have the same number of muscl es----about 700 or so. Men and women with big muscl es simply have thicker bundl es of fibers.(4)There are three different types of muscl es in our body. Smooth muscles are the ones that we cannot control. They work quietly to keep our body running. Also, they are the ones that help us to absorb our food. The cardiac muscl e makes the heart pump bl ood in and out. Skel etal muscl es are the ones that we can control. These are the muscl es that we use to raise our hands, or rid e our bicycles.(5)Even our face often uses muscl es. But if we want to save our energy, try smiling instead of frowning. Remember that it takes 17 muscl es in our face tosmil e, but 43 muscl es to frown!Task 1 A. What a muscl e consists of16. Paragraph (1) B. When we use our muscl es17. Paragraph (2) C. How peopl e think of muscl es18. Paragraph (3) D. What kind of muscl es we have19. Paragraph (4) E. Why we have different muscl es20. Paragraph (5) F. Why we shoul d smil e rather than frown Task 221. Muscl es d on’t have to be very bi g____________.22. Our muscl es are working _______________.23. A singl e muscl e contains __________________.24. Smooth muscl e help us _________________.25. Smiling uses l ess energy than ___________________.A. frowningB. a lot of fibersC. to digest foodD. to function properlyE. whenever we are happyF. whenever we d o something第四部分：填句补文（5*2）Biological ClockWhen the sun rises on a warm and sunny day, you can see some flowers open up. When they cl ose late in the afternoon, other fl owers open.Biol ogical rhythms(生物节律), like the opening and cl osing of fl owers, happen all over nature. But not all of them are daily rhythms. Some, like the beating of our heart, happen every second. 26Scientists use the term biol ogical clock to d escribe the timing that controls biol ogical rhythms. 27 In some animals it is probably controll ed by the brain. In plants and other living things that have no brain, it must be something else.The migration of animals happens when a signal is sent out. For exampl e, when days become shorter, birds l eave the northern parts of the worl d and fly south where it is warm. 28Humans also have biological clocks that control their daily rhythms. When peopl e travel by plane from one continent to another, they often cross many time zones. Their internal cl ocks don’t seem to work correctly. We call this je t lag(时差).29 Peopl e who work night shifts also have problems with their biol ogicalcl ocks. They may not be as active as peopl e who work during the daytime.Biol ogical clocks control many rhythms of life. 30 Doctors arel ooking for new ways to make travelling more comfortabl e and medical treatment more effective.A. But where can you find it?B. This makes them feel tired.C. In the summer they fly back to have babies.D. We are learning more and more about them.E. Biol ogical clocks can be adjusted.F. Other rhythms are based on months, seasons or years.第五部分：填词补文（10*1.5）Life is DifficultWhat makes life difficult is that the process of facing and solving problems is a painful one. Probl ems cause 31 , anger, fear or d espair. These are 32 feelings, often as painful as any kind of physical pain. And since life 33 an endl ess series of problems, it is 34 difficult and is full of pain as well as joy. Yet it is in this process of 35 and solving problems that life has its meaning. Problems call forth our 36 and our wisd om. It is only because of problems that we grow 37 and spiritually. When we want to encourage the 38 of the human spirit, we encourage the human capacity to solve problems, just as in school we d eliberately 39 problems for our children to solve. It is through the pain of confronting and resolving that we learn. It is for this reason that 40 peopl e learn not to fear but actually to wel come problems and actually to welcome the pain of problems.A. meeting E. wise I. posesB. courage F. takes J. alwaysC. careful G. sadness K. uncomfortabl eD. growth H. set L. mentally第六部分：完型补文（10*1.5）Are There Truths in Dreams?Imagine waking up after dreaming(dream) about a terribl e plane crash. The next day you will make a plane journey that you have 41 (plan) l one before. Will you get on the plane?A survey shows that you may not cancel your trip. But your dream will probably influence your 42 (thought) during the journey. You may feel 43 (worry) and find the trip much 44 (l ong) than before. So dreams may influence what we are 45 (real) d oing whil e we are awake.The explanation of dreams is still a(n) 46 (cl ear) are. A team of researchers are entering a new field of studies: Do dreams actually influence our 47 (behave)? Over the past few years, they have 48 (d o) studies in different cultures and found out that dreams contain some 49 (hid e) truths: dreams affect the way peopl e live and work. But researchers also tell peopl e not to be 50 (easy) influenced by their dreams.第七部分：短文写作（30分）某英文报社正在举办题为“E-books or Paper Books?”的征文活动。
2014年4月全国自考《基础英语》真题及答案【圣才出品】
2014年4月全国自考《基础英语》真题及答案课程代码：00088选择题部分一、词汇应用和语法结构（本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分）（一）词汇应用（15分）选择最佳答案完成句子，错选、多选或未选均无分。
1.Did he give a_____account of what have happened?A.truthfulB.wastefulC.stressfulD.harmful【答案】A2.It can kill you if you don’t notice the_____signals.A.warnedB.misleadingC.warningD.fancy-sounding【答案】C3.Then it’s time to join a relaxation class or_____dancing,painting or gardening.A.take upB.take intoC.get downD.get into【答案】A4.By using UPC,the computer can print out the______price of the item.A.averageB.accurateC.activeD.artificial【答案】B5.The potato chip bags weigh75grams_____.A.pieceB.apieceC.alikeD.a like【答案】B6.Many other trains were stopping and_____their passengers,and there were thousands of people in the station.A.unfoldingB.unlockingC.unloadingD.unfastening【答案】C7.Rust_____very quickly when iron is not protected from dampness by paint,or in some other way.A.makesesC.formsD.refines【答案】C8.—What’s wrong with him?—He is quite_____about his chances of getting a decent job.A.excitedB.interestedC.confidentD.pessimistic【答案】D9.Being away for more than a decade,he is still strongly_____to his homeland.A.appliedB.assortedC.attachedD.allocated【答案】C10.He thought he could_____from attending the MBA program.That’s why he quit the job.A.benefitB.gainC.promoteD.achieve【答案】A11.The president_____a plan to cut the government spending in the following year.A.put offB.put onC.put forwardD.put out【答案】C12.You are in a very_____position to apply for this job.Have a try!parableB.crucialC.exclusiveD.advantageous【答案】D13.All the speakers are required to_____their speech to this topic.A.restrictB.limitC.referD.confine【答案】D14.He has been_____in advertising for a number of years.Maybe you could turn to him for some advice？A.estimatedB.exposedC.engagedD.embodied【答案】C15.Don’t worry.He’s very much_____of finishing the job on his own.A.capableB.strongC.ableD.wise【答案】A（二）语法结构（15分）选择最佳答案完成句子，错选、多选或未选均无分。
2014年4月自考《古代汉语》00536真题及答案
2014年4月自考《古代汉语》真题及答案课程代码00536单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题l分，共20分。
)在每小题列出的备选项中只有一项是最符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均不得分。
1、许慎为“指事”下的定义是（）A.視而可識，察而見意B.比類合宜，以见止撝C.建類一首，同意相受D.以事為名，取譬相成正确答案：A2、下列各组字，象形、指事、会意、形声四种结构类型都具备的是（）A.心矢鹿弛B.耳朱名息C.豆亦莫蝕D.齒及琢敖正确答案：C3、下列各组字属于造字方法不同而形成异体字的是（）A.並——竝B.岳——嶽C.災——灾D.葬——塟正确答案：B4、下列句中加着重号的词用本字的是（）A.知不足，(然)後能自反也。
B.宣子田於首山，(舍)于翳桑。
C.齊人追亡逐北，所過城邑皆(畔)燕而歸。
D.陽貨欲見孔子，孔子不見，(歸)孔子豚。
正确答案：B5、下列加着重号的字与括号中的字属于分化字关系的是（）A.晏子為齊相，出，其御之妻從門間而闚(窺)。
B.大道之行也，天下為公，選賢舉能，講信脩(修)睦。
C.爾貢包茅不入，王祭不共(供)，無以縮酒。
D.有求則卑辭，無欲則嬌(驕)嫚。
正确答案：C6、下列句中加着重号的部分为联绵词的是（）A.湯武(革命)，順乎天而應乎人。
B.今也制民之產，仰不足以事父母，俯不足以畜(妻子)。
C.謹(庠序)之教，申之以孝悌之義。
D.婉貞揮刀奮斫，所當無不(披靡)，敵乃紛退。
正确答案：D7、下列句中加着重号的词义与现代汉语意义相同的是（）A.朝曦入牖來，鳥喚昏不(醒)。
B.吳起果(去)魏入楚。
C.人情一日不(再)食則飢，終歲不製衣則寒。
D.填然鼓之，兵刃既接，棄甲曳(兵)而走。
正确答案：A8、下列句中加着重号的词用本义的是（）A.危而不持，顛而不扶，則將焉用彼(相)矣?B.大(道)之行也與三代之英，丘未之逮也。
C.十年春，齊師(伐)我。
D.(防)民之口，甚於防川。
4月全国自考现代汉语试题及答案解析
全国 2018年 4月高等教育自学考试现代汉语试题课程代码： 00535一、单项选择题 (本大题共 20小题，每小题 1 分，共 20分) 在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号 内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1. 下列方言中属于官话区方言的是 ( ) A. 杭州话 C. 成都话 D .宁波话2. 韵母iou 、uei 、uen 跟辅音声母相拼时，写成iu 、ui 、 un ,标调应该是(A. 标在前面 i 或 u 上B. iu 标在 i 上, ui 标在 u 上, un 标在 u 上C. 都标在u 上D. iu 标在 u 上, ui 标在 i 上, un 标在 u 上 3. 在现代汉语普通话中,辅音在音节中的位置是 A. 只能出现在音节的开头 B. 只能出现在音节的末尾 C. 少数可以出现在音节的中间 D. 只能出现在音节的开头和末尾 4. 下列音素都属于塞音的声母是 A. b p m f g k C.b p d t g k 5. 下列词语中的“不”在语流中变读为阳平的是 A. 不说 C.不走6. “缠绕．、牛．虻、叫嚣．、眺．望”等词中加点的字的声调应是 ( A.去声、阳平、阴平、去声 B. 上声、阳平、上声、去声 C.阳平、阴平、去声、阴平 D.阳平、阳平、阴平、去声7. 下列成语中,没有．．错别字的是 ( )A.卑恭屈膝 B.卑躬屈膝 C.卑恭曲膝 D.卑躬曲膝8. 下列各组中,每个字都是形声字的是()A.晶、晚、暗 B.问、闷、间 C.江、贡、恭 D.休、臭、岫9. 下列各组中,每个成员都与合成词“提高”的结合方式相同的是()A.扩大、动员、突破 B.纠正、虚弱、抓紧 C.说明、接近、缩小D.促进、深入、转移B.苏州话 ( )B.d t n l j q D.zh z ch c sh s B. 不去 D. 不来10. 下列各组中,每个成员都是短语的是(A.布局、奉命B.松手、醒酒C.脱发、立论D.闹市、排档11. 下列各组成语中，加点的字意义不相同．．．的是( )A.走马看花、奔走相告B•余勇可贾、行商坐贾C .赴汤．蹈火、固若金汤． D. 令人发．指、振聋发．聩12. “早晨—上午—中午—傍晚”等时间词之间没有明确的界限，这种现象所反映出的词义的主要性质是( )A.概括性B•民族性C.模糊性D.客观性13. “将心比心”中的“将”和“比”的词性分别是( )A.介词和介词B.介词和动词C.动词和动词D.动词和介词14. 下列各组短语中都属于主谓短语的是( )A. 屋里干净、来了客人、明年二月B. 目标明确、今天春节、心情很好C. 让他去玩、站着说话、明天晚上D. 电话难打、去打电话、校长老王15. “买了一车炭”和“买了一趟炭”中的两个短语表示的关系分别是( )A.述补、述宾B.述补、述补C.述宾、述补D.述宾、述宾16. 句首时间、处所名词是主语的句子是( )A.北方经常下雪。
全国2014年4月自考中外文学作品导读试题和答案(纯文字版本)
正确答案：C（1分）
19.关于《西湖七月半》，下列说法错误的是
A.选自《陶庵梦忆》
B.作者陶渊明
C.以士大夫立场发现都市世俗生活之美
D.是富有情趣的小品文
正确答案：B（1分）
20.主张“独抒性灵，不拘格套”的文学派别是
A.榈城派
B.革新派
C.公安派
D.复古派
正确答案：C（1分）
21. 20世纪20年代以文学研究会为主的“人生写实派”的代表作家是
正确答案：D（1分）
15.下列选项中不属于“唐传奇”的一项是
A.《搜神记》
B.《枕中记》
C.《莺莺传》
D.《霍小玉传》
正确答案：A（1分）
16.关于元杂剧，下列说法错误的是
A.元杂剧以“折”为单位
B.元杂剧中得角色有末、旦、净、杂、丑等
C.元杂剧一贯注重语言雕饰，辞采华美
D.元杂剧的唱词按照一定的宫调和曲牌写成
D.巴金
正确答案：A（1分）
27.中古欧洲的《罗兰之歌》是哪个国家的英雄史诗？
A.德国
B.西班牙
C.古罗马
D.法国
正确答案：D（1分）
28.表现特洛伊战争的古希腊史诗是
A.《埃涅阿斯纪》
B.《奥德赛》
C.《美狄亚》
D.《伊利亚特》
正确答案：D（1分）
29.被授予诺贝尔文学奖的苏联作家帕斯捷尔纳克的代表作是
A.都达夫
B.时圣陶
C.台静农
D.彭家煌
正确答案：B（1分）
22.余光中以台北“故宫博物院”收藏的一件古代玉器为素材所作的诗歌是
A.翠玉白菜
B.玉“红烧肉”
C.白玉苦瓜
D.玉鳌鱼花插
全国2014年4月自考现代汉语试题和答案
A．邂逅、碰到B．纸、纸张
C．偶然、偶尔D．悲伤、悲痛
14．从方言语汇吸收到普通话的词是
A．啤酒B．WTO
C．窝囊D．状元
15．下列加点词属于兼类词的是
A．白颜色|白跑一趟B．态度很端正|端正了态度
C．人老了|别老哭啊D．盐的结晶|这是他十年心血的结晶
16．属于述补短语的是
A．身材魁梧B．称他为老同志
4.合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。
一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)
在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题纸”的相应代码涂黑。未涂、错涂或多涂均无分。
1．声母相同的是
A．南、劳B．见、欠
C．兵、奔D．是、思
2．属于开口呼韵母的是
A．强B．而
D．你们怎么都没喝啊?
E．他退休了吧，大概。
25．语用理论中的“合作原则”包括的准则是
A．慷慨准则B．数量准则
C．关联准则D．质量准则
E．方式准则
非选择题部分
注意事项：
用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。
三、填空题(本大题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分)
26．汉字字体演变的主流是______。
四、术语解释题(本大题共2小题，每小题3分，共6分)
31．语素
32．反语
五、判断说明题(本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分)
判断正误，在答题纸上，正确的划上“√"，不需要说明理由：错误的划上“×"，
并说明理由。
33．声母就是辅音，韵母就是元音。
34．说话或朗读时，“粉笔”和“火车”遵循相同的变调规律。
全国2014年4月自学考试中国文化导论试题及解析
全国2014年4月高等教育自学考试中国文化导论试题课程代码：04121请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。
选择题部分注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。
2．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在试题卷上。
一、单项选择题(本大题共25小题，每小题1分，共25分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题纸”的相应代码涂黑。
错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。
1．中国文化由一统走向多元的时代是A．秦汉时代B．魏晋时代C．隋唐时代D．宋代解析：B2．先秦典籍《老子》、《庄子》、《列子》属于A．阴阳家B．道家C．道教D．法家解析：B3．以“梗概多气”为基本风格的诗歌时代是A．建安诗歌B．太康诗歌C．正始诗歌D．东晋玄言诗解析：A4．春秋时期，实行“案田而税”财政制度的是A．鲁国B．秦国C．齐国D．赵国解析：C5．人与人之间分别开来的力量中最正确的是A．不同的风俗和习惯B．不同的生活方式和状态C．不同的价值观和思想体系D．文化解析：D6．春秋战国时期提出“白马非马”、“坚白论”的公孙龙属于A．儒家B．墨家C．名家D．法家解析：C7．中国小说史上第一部文人独立创作的长篇白话小说是A．《三国演义》B．《水浒传》C．《金瓶梅》D．《红楼梦》解析：C8．乡举里选制始于A．夏代B．商代C．周代D．秦代解析：D9．甲骨文中有关武丁二十九年十二月望日的记录是A．日食B．月食C．哈雷慧星D．太阳黑子解析：B1O．与中国明朝的徐光启合译了欧几里德《几何原理》的西方传教士是A．利马窦B．汤若望C．马可·波罗D．南怀仁解析：A11．中国绘画史上被尊为“画圣”的画家是A．顾恺之B．吴道子C．阎立本D．张择端解析：B12．由私学承担的初级启蒙教育被称为A．私学B．蒙学C．家学D．国学解析：B13．古代我国用于测量日影的仪器是A．仪象B．仰仪C．漏壶D．圭表解析：D14．《三国志》、《后汉书》、《宋书》、《南齐书》、《魏书》等出现的时期是A．三国B．魏晋南北朝C．隋朝D．唐朝解析：B15．中国书法史上“隶书盛行，诸体皆备”的时代是A．秦汉B．汉代C．魏晋D．唐代解析：B16．唐代被举送参加省试的考生称为A．进士B．贡士C．举人D．解元解析：B17．《四书章句集注》的作者是宋代大儒A．周敦颐B．程颢C．程颐D．朱熹解析：D18．按照汉字六书的理论，“月”字属于A．象形字B．会意字C．形声字D．指事字解析：A19．书院起源于A．秦B．汉C．唐D．清解析：C20．我国最早的农业灌溉机械是A．螺旋式水车B．耧车C．翻车D．筒车解析：B21．主张“吾心即是宇宙”，提出“心即理”命题的古代哲学家是A．朱熹B．陆九渊C．王守仁D．王夫之解析：B22．中国古代规模最大的丛书是A．《册府元龟》B．《永乐大典》C．《四库全书》D．《古今图书集成》解析：C23．明太祖取消中书省，开始实行的中央政体是A．二府三司制B．三省六部C．一省制D．内阁制解析：D24．魏晋南北朝时期，史学领域取得了巨大的成就，包括出现了记载巴、蜀开国历史的地方史《华阳国志》，它的作者是A．陈寿B．常璩C．谯周D．袁宏解析：B25．秦蜀守李冰主持兴建的水利工程是A．灵渠B．漳水十二渠C．白渠D．都江堰解析：D二、多项选择题(本大题共1O小题，每小题2分，共20分)在每小题列出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题纸”的相应代码涂黑。
全国自考《中国现代文学史》试题和答案
全国自考《中国现代文学史》试题和答案绝密★考试结束前全国2014年4月高等教育自学考试中国现代文学史真题和答案课程代码：00537请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。
选择题部分注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。
2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在试题卷上。
一、单项选择题（本大题20小题，每小题1分，共20分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题纸”的相应代码涂黑。
错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。
1.开中国现代乡土小说先河的作家是AA.鲁迅?B.茅盾C.台静农?D.叶绍钧2.周作人在《人的文学》中提出“人的文学”的主张，下列最符合原意的表述是DA.以人的生活为材料的文字B.视人的一切生活本能都是美的善的文字C.合乎礼教道德的生活的文字D.以人道主义为本，对于人生诸问题，加以记录研究的文字3.新文学史上第一个专门性的散文刊物是BA.《新潮》?B.《语丝》C.《每周评论》?D.《新月》4.中国无产阶级革命文学运动兴起于CA.“五四”新文化运动时期?B.“五卅”运动时期C.大革命失败之后?D.“左联”成立之后5.被鲁迅评为表现了“北方人民的对于生的坚强，对于死的挣扎，却往往已经力透纸背”的小说是BA.《八月的乡村》?B.《生死场》C.《牛车上》?D.《旷野的呼喊》6.茅盾采用日记体形式的小说是CA.《蚀》?B.《虹》C.《腐蚀》?D.《霜叶红似二月花》7.对巴金早期思想和创作具有明显影响的是BA.国家主义?B.无政府主义C.无产阶级思想?D.泛神论8.以下符合张天翼小说创作特色的判断是AA.富有喜剧色彩和讽刺性?B.具有浓厚的怀乡情绪C.富有理想主义精神?D.具有感伤主义情调9.被称为“新感觉派的圣手”的作家是AA.穆时英?B.施蛰存C.刘呐鸥?D.叶灵凤10.三十年代开展“农民戏剧实验”的剧作家是BA.洪深?B.熊佛西C.夏衍?D.田汉11.赵树理的小说成名作是DA.《李家庄的变迁》?B.《李有才板话》C.《邪不压正》?D.《小二黑结婚》12.下列均属于解放区的作家是CA.巴金?丁玲?梁实秋?李季?B.郭沫若?李广田?张爱玲?赵树理C.李季?阮章竞?孙犁?赵树理?D.艾青?梁实秋?孙犁?无名氏13.用讽刺、夸张等手法表现旧中国知识分子灰色人生的长篇小说是DA.《人·兽·鬼》?B.《南行记》C.《北极风情画》?D.《围城》14.四十年代创作了描写四川农村生活的三部长篇小说的作家是AA.沙?汀?B.艾?芜C.李劫人?D.路?翎15.反映农业合作化的代表性长篇小说是AA.《三里湾》、《山乡巨变》、《创业史》B.《红旗谱》、《创业史》、《山乡巨变》C.《创业史》、《山乡巨变》、《百炼成钢》D.《三千里江山》、《三里湾》、《山乡巨变》16.通过“我”、“通讯员”、“新媳妇”三者之间的生活片断的描写，揭示了军民的血肉关系是赢得革命战争胜利保证的主题的小说是DA.李辈的《李双双小传》?B.马烽的《我的第一个上级》C.冯德英的《苦菜花》?D.茹志鹃的《百合花》17.对汪曾祺小说语言风格的准确概括是DA.用大段哲理性语言深化主题、造成气势B.冷隽诡奇的白描语言C.客观冷静、严酷悲悯的叙述语调D.简洁明快、生动传神的诗化小说语言18.诗句“告诉你吧，世界／我-不-相-信！／纵使你脚下有一千名挑战者／那就把我算做第一千零一名”出自CA.《纪念碑》?B.《这也是一切》C.《回答》?D.《一代人》19.新时期报告文学中把知识分子作为主人公、叙写数学家陈景润事迹的作品是BA.《祖国高于一切》?B.《哥德巴赫猜想》C.《地质之光》?D.《大雁情》20.沙叶新采用“冰糖葫芦式”戏剧结构的作品是AA.《陈毅市长》?B.《假如我是真的》C.《寻找男子汉》?D.《马克思秘史》二、多项选择题（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）在每小题列出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题纸”的相应代码涂黑。
4月全国自考现代汉语试题及答案解析
全国 2018年 4月高等教育自学考试现代汉语试题课程代码： 00535一、单项选择题 (本大题共 20小题，每小题 1 分，共 20分) 在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号 内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1. 下列方言中属于官话区方言的是 ( ) A. 杭州话 C. 成都话 D .宁波话2. 韵母iou 、uei 、uen 跟辅音声母相拼时，写成iu 、ui 、 un ,标调应该是(A. 标在前面 i 或 u 上B. iu 标在 i 上, ui 标在 u 上, un 标在 u 上C. 都标在u 上D. iu 标在 u 上, ui 标在 i 上, un 标在 u 上 3. 在现代汉语普通话中,辅音在音节中的位置是 A. 只能出现在音节的开头 B. 只能出现在音节的末尾 C. 少数可以出现在音节的中间 D. 只能出现在音节的开头和末尾 4. 下列音素都属于塞音的声母是 A. b p m f g k C.b p d t g k 5. 下列词语中的“不”在语流中变读为阳平的是 A. 不说 C.不走6. “缠绕．、牛．虻、叫嚣．、眺．望”等词中加点的字的声调应是 ( A.去声、阳平、阴平、去声 B. 上声、阳平、上声、去声 C.阳平、阴平、去声、阴平 D.阳平、阳平、阴平、去声7. 下列成语中,没有．．错别字的是 ( )A.卑恭屈膝 B.卑躬屈膝 C.卑恭曲膝 D.卑躬曲膝8. 下列各组中,每个字都是形声字的是()A.晶、晚、暗 B.问、闷、间 C.江、贡、恭 D.休、臭、岫9. 下列各组中,每个成员都与合成词“提高”的结合方式相同的是()A.扩大、动员、突破 B.纠正、虚弱、抓紧 C.说明、接近、缩小D.促进、深入、转移B.苏州话 ( )B.d t n l j q D.zh z ch c sh s B. 不去 D. 不来10. 下列各组中,每个成员都是短语的是(A.布局、奉命B.松手、醒酒C.脱发、立论D.闹市、排档11. 下列各组成语中，加点的字意义不相同．．．的是( )A.走马看花、奔走相告B•余勇可贾、行商坐贾C .赴汤．蹈火、固若金汤． D. 令人发．指、振聋发．聩12. “早晨—上午—中午—傍晚”等时间词之间没有明确的界限，这种现象所反映出的词义的主要性质是( )A.概括性B•民族性C.模糊性D.客观性13. “将心比心”中的“将”和“比”的词性分别是( )A.介词和介词B.介词和动词C.动词和动词D.动词和介词14. 下列各组短语中都属于主谓短语的是( )A. 屋里干净、来了客人、明年二月B. 目标明确、今天春节、心情很好C. 让他去玩、站着说话、明天晚上D. 电话难打、去打电话、校长老王15. “买了一车炭”和“买了一趟炭”中的两个短语表示的关系分别是( )A.述补、述宾B.述补、述补C.述宾、述补D.述宾、述宾16. 句首时间、处所名词是主语的句子是( )A.北方经常下雪。
2014年4月全国高等教育自学考试现代汉语基础真题
2014年4月全国高等教育自学考试现代汉语基础真题
课程代码：00854
请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。
选择题部分
注意事项：
1.答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。
2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在试题卷上。
一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)
在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题纸”的相应代码涂黑。
错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。
1.普通话的标准音是
A.北方语音
B.官话语音
C.北京语音
D.中央电视台播音员的语音
2.浙江省大部分地区使用的方言是
A.吴方言
B.粤方言
C.闽方言
D.湘方言
3.z、c、s这三个音都是
A.舌尖前音
B.舌面音
C.舌根音
D.舌尖后音
4.“一起”连续时，“一”要读成
A.阴平
B.阳平
C.上声
D.去声。
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绝密★考试结束前全国2014年4月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。
选择题部分注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。
2．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在试题卷上。
I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement and mark your answer on the ANSWERSHEET. (1% 20=20%)1. Which of the following is NOT one of the important properties of language?A. Language is arbitrary.B. Language is systematic.C. Language is used for communication.D. Language is used by both human beings and animals.2. Such questions as “How do you think and feel about your family?”, “How do you treata guest?” and “What is your greatest ambition?” highlight the ______ aspects of culture.A. thematicB. institutionalC. behaviouralD. individual3. ______ is the basic meaning presented by meaningful linguistic units, including words and is often, though not always, the central factor in linguistic communication.A. Conceptual meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Social meaningD. Affective meaning4. Both “pretty” and “handsome” can mean nice looking, but “pretty” is often used together with “girl”, “woman”, “garden” etc., while “handsome” frequently appears together with “boy”, “man”, “car” etc., bec ause these are the ______ of these two terms.A. collocative meaningB. connotative meaningC. affective meaningD. reflected meaning5. Which of the following is NOT an inflectional morpheme?A. -ingB. -erC. -mentD. -s6. a) What’s the majority’s opinion?大多数人的意见怎样?b)Where’s today’s newspaper? 今天的报纸在哪里?The above two examples indicate that ______.A. cases are represented explicitly in pronouns in ChineseB. formal markers for cases in nouns are required in EnglishC. pronouns are marked explicitly for cases in ChineseD. Chinese pronouns do show formal variation for cases7. In English ______ are more distinctive than given names.A. surnamesB. nicknamesC. pen namesD. pet names8. ______are popular among female English speakers.A. Religious namesB. Plant namesC. Names of knowledgeD. Names of fame9. The phrasal verb “look forward to” means” “ ______”.A. examineB. seekC. expectD. watch10. A captivating man known as a great lover or seducer of women is often referred to asA. an Uncle TomB. a Don QuixoteC. an Oliver TwistD. a Don Juan11. “You chicken!” he cried, looking at Tom with contempt. In this sentence, “chicken” is usedmetaphorically to refer to ______.A. tendernessB. domestic fowlC. cowardsD. tamed animals12. Which of the following statements metaphorically tells us that life is a gambling game?A. I’ll take my chance.B. I’ve had a full life.C. His life contained a lot of sorrow.D. Their marriage is on its last legs.13. If Professor John Smith allows himself to be called John, ______.A. he might not be respected by his colleaguesB. he must be more respected by his colleaguesC. he might be kept a distance away from his colleaguesD. he might enjoy a harmonious relationship with his colleagues14. To sound modest and humble, one might have to use ______ to refer to oneself, one’s relatives, and one’s personal belongings.A. honourificsB. terms of humilityC. euphemismsD. taboos15. Hypotactic relations at the sentential level refer to constructions whose components arelinked through the use of ______.A. verbsB. nounsC. conjunctionsD. prepositions16. “Up you go, chaps!” The speaking style of the above sentence is______.A. formalB. consultativeC. casualD. intimate17. Chinese advertising as a whole is more ______ than English advertising.A. informativeB. formalC. persuasiveD. interesting18. In legal documents learned words are used frequently. A great many of them are from ______.A. FrenchB. Indian languagesC. LatinD. German19. In English culture, what does it mean if a girl smiles to a male stranger when coming across him in a university campus?A. She loves him.B. She is an immoral girl.C. She is friendly.D. She mistakes him for her acquaintance.20. Which of the following can be classified into the secondary territory, which is usually not central to the daily activities of the owner and not under their exclusive control? A. One’s own room. B. Your seat in the classroom.C. Supermarket.D. Theatre seats.II. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide what alternatives cancomplete the statement and mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. There are morethan one correct answer. (1% 10=10 %)21. Which of the following statements are the interpretation of culture in its narrow sense?A. Materials man has got to satisfy his needs.B. Social institutions and organizations man has established.C. Language and other communication systems.D. Customs, habits and behavioural patterns.22. Which of the following can be brought together under the heading associative meaning?A. Social meaning.B. Affective meaning.C. Conceptual meaning.D. Collocative meaning.23. In the English sentence “We are students”, all the three words are in plural forms, demonstrating grammatical ______ of the English language as regards the number, a grammatical category.A. implicitnessB. explicitnessC. consistencyD. instability24. In English ______ are flower names.A. AngelaB. LauraC. ViolaD. Brenda25. Which of the following idioms are in relation to mannerisms?A. To ride one’s high horse.B. No man is an island.C. A marriage of convenience.D. To keep a straight face.26. According to Lakoff, an American linguist, similes and metaphors are ways of thinking. They are used in______.A. unusual occasionsB. literary worksC. everyday speechesD. body language27. In which of the following situations does a Chinese use honourifics to show respect toa superior?A. When he is talking with a superior.B. When he is writing to a superior.C. When the superior he refers to is present.D. When the superior he refers to is absent.28. If the sentences in a text exhibit cohesion, they are connected by ______ means.A. grammaticalB. systematicC. lexicalD. meaningful29. American English differs from British English mainly in ______.A. pronunciationB. spellingC. grammarD. sentence structure30. Many cultures allow people to interact at a much closer distance and are therefore referred to as contact cultures, which include______.A. AsiansB. Latin AmericansC. Southern EuropeansD. Arabs非选择题部分注意事项：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。