动词不定式归纳(含练习及答案)

动词不定式归纳

定义：不定式的to和介词to需要被区分开，不定式的to后接动词原形，介词to后接名词、代词或动名词。

不定式作动词宾语

He decided to invite all of his classmates to attend the holiday at the beach. 不定式作宾语He promised not to tell anyone about it.

如果宾语有自己的补语，则常用it作形式宾语，而把真正作宾语的不定式放在后面放在后面，常带有形式宾语的动词有：believe. Consider. Feel. Find. Know. Make . regard

例： we think it important to obey the laws. √ we think to obey the laws is important. ×

I know it impossible to finish so much homework in a day.

不定式作介词宾语

当介词but、except、besides前面有行为动词do及其各种形式时，介词后面的不定式可以省略to，否则不省略。

What do you like to do besides play football We have no choice but to wait.

个别介词可以用“疑问词+不定式”作宾语

The boy has him own idea of how to finish it.

不定式起形容词作用作定语

不定式作定语用来修饰名词或代词，置于它所修饰的词后，而且放在其他后置定语的后面。同时与它所修饰的名词或代词形成逻辑上的动宾关系或主谓关系。

He always has a lot of meetings to attend. 不定式to attend 和名词meetings 形成动宾关系The next train to arrive was from Seattle. To arrive 和train形成主谓关系

Do you have anything interesting to read

如果作定语用的不定式是不及物动词，就要加上介词，使被修饰的这个词成为这个介词的逻辑宾语。

He is looking for a room to live in. to live in a room. A room 是介词in的宾语。

Please pass me some paper to write on.

上述不定式后加介词时，一般不能省略介词，但当修饰place，time，way时，介词可以省略。

He has no money and no place to live (in). The time to arrive is 8 o’clock. (at)

I think the best way to travel is on foot.

不定式作定语时，用主动语态表示被动含义的情形

一、在某些固定句型中, 动词不定式作定语, 用主动形式表被动意义。

1）have（give, show）sth. to do

在这种句型中的不定式与前边的名词有动宾关系, 又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系。例如: I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. to do与things是动宾关系, 与I是主谓关系。否则, 在表示被动意义时, 仍需要被动式。试比较:

Have you anything to do this afternoon 今天下午你有事要做吗（to do是由you发出的）

Have you anything to be taken to your parents 你有要带给你父母的东西吗（谁带不得而知）再如: Please get me something to read. 请给我弄点读的材料。He'll show you the right path to take.

2）It（This, That）＋be＋a／an＋adj. ＋ n. ＋to do

在这种句型中, 不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系。动词不定式可改为动词不定式复合结构。例如: This is a difficult question to answer. 这是个难答的问题。question与to answer为动宾关系。to answer可改为 for me to answer。

再如: It is an easy sentence to translate. 这个句子很容易翻译。

3）There ＋be ＋n. ＋to do

在此句型中, 用来修饰主语的不定式, 可用主动式, 也可用被动式, 只是侧重点不同。用主动式作定语, 重点在人, 用被动式作定语, 重点在物。例如:

没有时间可以耽误。可译成:

There is no time to lose（to be lost）. 用 to lose可看成for us to lose; 用to be lost, 谁 lost time 不明确。

但下述两句用主动不定式与被动不定式意义不同:

a. There is nothing to do now. （＝We have nothing to do now. ）现在没事干。

b. There is nothing to be done. （＝We can do nothing now. ）现在没办法了。

a. There is nothing to see. （nothing worth seeing）没有东西值得看。

b. There is nothing to be seen. （nothing there at all）看不见什么东西。

二、在某些“形容词＋不定式”的结构中, 不定式有被动意义, 与句子主语构成动宾关系。其句型有:

1）n. ＋be＋adj. ＋to do

The question was very difficult to answer. 这问题很难回答。 The job is very easy to do. 这工作很容易做。

2）n. ＋be＋too＋adj. ＋to do

The thing is too small to see. 这东西太小看不见。 I was too excited to say a word. 我激动得连一句话也说不出。

3）n. ＋be ＋adj. ＋enough to do

The box is light enough to carry. 这盒子轻得可带走。 The book is cheap enough to buy. 这本书很便宜可以买。

但下列两句可用不定式的主动式, 也可用被动式:

This plant is fit to eat ／to be eaten. 这种植物可以食用。 The cake is ready to eat ／to be eaten. 这块饼可以吃了。

三、某些动词, 如to let, to blame （责备）, to seek（寻找）用主动式表被动意义。

例如: The house is to let. 这房子要出租。 Who is to blame for it The reason is not far to seek. 这理由不难找到。

不定式的省略

不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语

不定式在某些感官动词，如 feel, hear, listen to, watch, look at, notice, observe等，以及使役动词let, have, make等后作宾语补足语时，要省去to，但在被动语态中，不省略。

They made the workers work day and night. The workers were made to work day and night.

The PLA men noticed the spy steal some papers. Let me hear you play the piano.

在下列句型中

Had better/had best + (not) do sth You’d better/best turn the bottle upside down to empty out the oil

Had/would rather + (not) do sth I’m tired, I’d rather not go out this evening.

Had/would rather/sooner + do sth. + than + do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事

I’d rather stay at home tonight than go to the cinema.

Prefer + to do sth + rather than + do sth She prefers to travel rather than attend the wedding.

Cannot but + do sth. Or cannot choose/help but + do sth

I can’t but think so. I can’t help but laugh on hearing his joke.

Do nothing (= not do anything) but/except + do sth