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北京理工大学(已有10试题)
北京理工大学信息科学技术学院自动控制理论1999——2000，2002——2008自动控制理论（非控类）2004电子技术（含模拟、数字部分）1999——2000，2002——2008模拟电子技术与数字电子技术2000——2002模拟与数字电路1999——2000，2002微机控制与应用技术2002——2008控制工程基础2003——2008物理光学2003——2004，2007——2008应用光学1999——2008，2010（2010为回忆版）波动光学2002大学物理2006——2008精密机械设计2003——2008（其中2003年称“精密机械基础”）激光原理1999——2001，2005——2008电子电路2003——2005，2007——2008电路分析基础1999——2000信号处理导论2003——2008信号与系统1996——2002半导体物理学1999——2008电磁场理论1999——2000，2002——2008微机原理及应用2004——2005电动力学2003——2004理论力学1996——2008（96——98非原版）生物化学1999——2008（注：2007年试卷共11页，缺P5-6页）生物化学（A）2005——2006，2008计算机专业基础（含计算机组织与结构、数据结构）2007计算机技术基础（含计算机组成原理、操作系统和数据结构）2003——2006计算机原理（含操作系统）1999——2002程序设计1999——2000计算机系统结构基础（含计算机组成原理、计算机网络和数据结构）2004——2005 软件理论基础（含离散数学、操作系统、数据结构）1999——2005数据结构与程序设计2004——2008微波技术基础1999——2000晶体管理原理与制造1999——2000机电工程学院电子技术（含模拟、数字部分）1999——2000，2002——2008电子技术基础2007——2008自动控制理论1999——2000，2002——2008自动控制理论（非控类）2004电磁学2005——2008量子力学2005——2008运筹学2001——2008工程力学基础2007——2008流体力学基础2006工程流体力学2005数学物理方程2002——2006数学物理方法2000材料力学1997——1999，2002——2008理论力学1996——2008（96——98非原版）电动力学2003——2004微机控制与应用技术2002——2008控制工程基础2003——2008精密机械设计2003——2008（其中2003年称“精密机械基础”）应用光学1999——2008，2010（2010为回忆版）波动光学2002微机原理及应用2004——2005有机化学1997——2008无机化学（A）2003——2007无机化学（B）2003——2005，2007——2008分析化学2003——2008分析化学(A)2006物理化学2003——2008高分子物理2005——2008高分子化学及高分子物理2003——2004安全系统工程2003——2005，2008工程热力学（不含传热学）2003——2008爆炸与安全技术2005爆炸及其作用2006爆轰理论2003——2005化学2002——2005传感与测试技术2004——2005算法语言1998微波技术基础1999——2000晶体管理原理与制造1999——2000传热学2000应用电子技术2004机械与车辆工程学院电子技术（含模拟、数字部分）1999——2000，2002——2008 电子技术基础2007——2008自动控制理论1999——2000，2002——2008自动控制理论（非控类）2004机械设计2001——2008机械设计原理2001机械制造工程基础2003——2008机械制造工艺学2002理论力学1996——2008（96——98非原版）微机控制与应用技术2002——2008应用光学1999——2008，2010（2010为回忆版）电路分析基础1999——2000模拟电子技术与数字电子技术2000——2002模拟与数字电路1999——2000，2002精密机械设计2003——2008（其中2003年称“精密机械基础”）控制工程基础2003——2008微机原理及应用2004——2005工程热力学（不含传热学）2003——2008物理化学2003——2008工程力学基础2007——2008流体力学基础2006工程流体力学2005交通运输系统工程学2005，2007——2008微波技术基础1999——2000晶体管理原理与制造1999——2000数字电路与数字信号处理2008材料科学与工程学院物理化学（A）2008高分子物理2005——2008高分子化学及高分子物理2003——2004材料科学基础2003——2007材料力学1997——1999，2002——2008普通化学2008综合化学2008有机化学1997——2008无机化学（A）2003——2007无机化学（B）2003——2005，2007——2008分析化学2003——2008分析化学(A)2006理论力学1996——2008（96——98非原版）电化学原理2003——2006微波技术基础1999——2000晶体管理原理与制造1999——2000化工与环境学院自动控制理论1999——2000，2002——2008自动控制理论（非控类）2004过程控制原理2000——2005，2007——2008化工原理2002——2008有机化学1997——2008无机化学（A）2003——2007无机化学（B）2003——2005，2007——2008分析化学2003——2008分析化学(A)2006物理化学2003——2008电化学原理2003——2006环境微生物学2007——2008工程热力学（不含传热学）2003——2008微波技术基础1999——2000晶体管理原理与制造1999——2000生命科学与技术学院生物化学1999——2008（注：2007年试卷共11页，缺P5-6页）生物化学（A）2005——2006，2008分析化学2003——2008分析化学(A)2006细胞生物学2004——2006微生物学2005——2008分子生物学2007——2008有机化学1997——2008无机化学（A）2003——2007无机化学（B）2003——2005，2007——2008药理学2007信号处理导论2003——2008信号与系统1996——2002电子电路2003——2005，2007——2008物理光学2003——2004，2007——2008应用光学1999——2008，2010（2010为回忆版）波动光学2002信号理论基础2007——2008计算机专业基础（含计算机组织与结构、数据结构）2007计算机技术基础（(含计算机组成原理、操作系统和数据结构）2003——2006计算机原理（含操作系统）1999——2002程序设计1999——2000计算机系统结构基础（含计算机组成原理、计算机网络和数据结构）2004——2005 软件理论基础（含离散数学、操作系统、数据结构）1999——2005数据结构与程序设计2004——2008理学院电子技术（含模拟、数字部分）1999——2000，2002——2008大学物理2006——2008数学分析1995，1999——2000，2003——2008高等代数2003——2008电磁学2005——2008量子力学2005——2008电动力学2003——2004普通化学2008综合化学2008无机化学（A）2003——2007无机化学（B）2003——2005，2007——2008分析化学2003——2008分析化学(A)2006物理化学（A）2008物理化学2003——2008有机化学1997——2008理论力学1996——2008（96——98非原版）材料力学1997——1999，2002——2008工程热力学（不含传热学）2003——2008数学物理方程2002——2006数学物理方法2000电路分析基础1999——2000模拟电子技术与数字电子技术2000——2002模拟与数字电路1999——2000，2002激光原理1999——2001，2005——2008微机控制与应用技术2002——2008爆炸与安全技术2005爆炸及其作用2006电化学原理2003——2006工程力学基础2007——2008流体力学基础2006工程流体力学2005微波技术基础1999——2000晶体管理原理与制造1999——2000管理与经济学院宏微观经济学2008管理学2003——2008（2003，2004名称叫做“管理学基础”。
考研-应用光学-北京理工大学
说明：以下内容是由我个人整理的北京理工大学应用光学考研专业课历年真题中的问答题部分的一些题目，仅供需要的同学参考。
由于时间当时较紧，有些地方可能会有错误。
其中每个问题后【】里面的数字代表考试中出现的次数。
1. 什么叫做“理想光学系统”?共轴理想光学系统还具有那些性质？【2】物象空间符合“点对应点，直线对应直线，平面对应平面“成像关系的光学系统称为“理想光学系统”。
性质: （1）位于光轴上的物点其像点一定位于光轴上。
（2）位于过光轴某一截面的物点，其像点也在该平面内。
（3）过光轴的任意截面的成像性质都相同。
（4）垂直于光轴的同一平面的物所成的像，其几何形状与物完全相似。
（5）位于垂直于光轴的同一平面内共轭像面也垂直于光轴（6）如果已知两对共轭面位置和放大率；或者一对共轭面的位置和放大率，以及轴上两对共轭点的位置，则其他一切像点都可以随之确定。
2. 什么叫做“目视光学仪器的视度调节？什么叫近视眼?什么叫远视眼？对于近视眼和远视眼应该分别如何调节？【2】为了使目视光学仪器能够适应各种不同视力人的使用，可以改变目镜的前后位置，使仪器所成的像不在无限远处，而是位于目镜的前方或后方的一定距离上，以适应近视或远视的需要，这就是“目视光学仪器的视度调节”。
只能看到有限远物体的眼睛叫近视眼；近视距离在明视距离之外的眼睛叫远视眼。
近视眼戴负透镜，远视眼带正透镜。
对于近视眼，目镜向前调节；对于远视眼，目镜应向后调节。
3. 什么时棱镜的展开？在应用棱镜展开时，为了使棱镜和共轴球面系统组合后仍能保持共轴球面系统的特性，棱镜的结构必须满足哪两个要求？【4】把棱镜的主截面沿着它的反射面展开，取消棱镜 d 反射，以平行玻璃板的折射代替零件折射的方法称作“棱镜的展开”。
要求：(1) 棱镜展开后入射面和出射面平行(2) 如果棱镜位于会聚光束中，则光轴必须和棱镜的入射面和出射面垂直。
4. 什么叫“孔径光阑”？什么叫“视场光阑”？“孔径光阑”：限制进入光学系统成像光束孔径的光阑。
北京理工大学820应用光学1999-08、11、13-14年(11年回忆版)考研专业课历年真题汇编
第1页，共3页 一、问答题（共60分，每小题6分）
1.用显微镜观察相距0.0005mm 的两物点，采用划线对准的方式，视放大率至少要多少？
2.什么叫望远镜的视角分辨率和衍射分辨率？已知望远镜的视放大率为30×，出瞳距离为1.5mm ，求该望远镜的视角分辨率和衍射分辨率。
3.什么叫主平面？什么叫节平面？主平面和节平面什么条件下重合？
4.什么叫波像差？光学系统成像质量的判断标准是什么？
5.已知棱镜展开厚度为d = 50mm ，折射率n = 1.5，求像面的移动距离。
6.一个发光圆盘（可视为朗伯光源），在与法线成30°角方向上的光强为I 。
求出射光通量。
7.什么是光圈数？在5.6、8、11这几个光圈数中，相同曝光时间下，哪个进光量最大？
8.投影仪分为哪几个部分？分别有什么作用？
9.什么叫场镜？场镜有什么作用？
10.什么叫渐晕？渐晕大小如何表示？
二、叙述及证明题（共30分，每小题10分）
1.描述如何判断平面棱镜系统的成像方向。
2.两组透镜组成倒像系统，对无限远物体成像，焦距分别为f 1′和f 2′，中间的两个透镜之间为平行光。
将倒像系统旋转180°，保持物、像位置不变。
证明系统总的视放大率
2014年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 科目代码： 820 科目名称： 应用光学
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北理工820应用光学考研真题(1999-2014)
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4. 已知主点 ������1、������1′、������2、������2′ 和焦点������1、������1′、������2、������2′，求像������′������′的物 AB。
第 2 页，共 6 页
������1 ������1′
������2 ������2′
3. 一望远系统物镜焦距为 300mm，物方视场角2������ = 8°，从目镜出射的像方视 场角为2������′ = 69.9277°，出瞳直径������′ = 6mm，物镜后方有一靴型屋脊棱镜（玻璃 折射率为 1.5163，棱镜展开厚度为 L = 2.98D）作为倒像系统，棱镜出射面到目 镜的距离为 40mm，求棱镜入射面的口径������棱1为多少？棱镜出射面的口径������棱2为 多少？望远物镜到棱镜入射面之间的距离为多少？（物镜、目镜均按薄透镜计算） （10 分）
五、问答及证明题（共 15 分，每小题 5 分） 1. 证明点光源照明一微小平面时的光照度公式为
������ cos ������ ������ = ������2 其中 I 为发光强度，������为平面法线方向和照明方向的夹角，������为平面与光源之间的 距离。
2. 证明望远系统中用了场镜以后并不影响原有光学系统的光学特性，在望远系 统中使用场镜有什么作用？
第 4 页，共 6 页
3. 画图并推导出理想光学系统物像关系的牛顿公式。
六、计算题 1. 一物镜焦距为 2200m 的平行光管用来测量一焦距为 100mm 的被测系统，在 被测系统的物方焦面上放置一直径为 0.1mm 的小孔，问此小孔经被测系统和平 行光管后，像的直径为多少？现在在平行光管后面加一负透镜，使小孔像放大到 8.8mm，并要求新像点在原像点后 200mm 处，求负透镜的焦距以及与平行光管 物镜之间的距离。（所有系统均按薄透镜系统计算）（10 分）
2013年北京理工光学工程820应用光学初试、复试回忆（定稿）
2013年北京理工光学工程820应用光学初试、复试回忆（定稿）第一篇：2013年北京理工光学工程 820应用光学初试、复试回忆（定稿）2013年北京理工光学工程复试笔试回忆（不全）：物理光学：干涉图形的强度分布、条纹类型，有一个题是画出所给出的图上三个不同位置观察屏的干涉条纹；求晶体中光的偏振方向等电子技术：数电考了斯密特触发器、555的计算和画电压波形等，模电考了判断负反馈的类型，用集成运放设计设计一个vi：vo=1:2的放大电路（画图，并求各电阻的值）等；计算机基础：名词解释：如usb等，冯诺依曼计算机的组成，用C语言编写一个简单程序等。
光电成像：名词解释及英文全称，如CCD、ICCD、MCP等，黑体的几个方程及原理，探测器的分类及原理、区别，画框图等。
英语听力:一共20个题，语速快，两题之间隔时间很短，必须很快选出答案。
面试：英语：自我介绍，问了我怎么看待中国和日本的关系（他们什么问题都有，没法准备，看你的口语水平和随机应变能力），读并且翻译一段话（和光有关的）。
综合面试：1）抽一张纸有4个题，立即回答出来，分别是：应光、物光、电子技术、计算机方面的。
题很多范围很广，每个人都不一样，我抽到的是1、远心光路及作用2、激光器的结构、原理及激光的特性；3、负反馈的类型及作用4、数据的传输方式：并行传输和串行传输及特点，2）然后就是说一下自己做过的东西和毕设，根据你说的提问题，这部分很重要，看你的动手能力。
3）问了一个人文题：怎样看待因日本核辐射引起的抢盐风潮？下面是网上的回忆版：初试：（来自考研论坛）一简答题1.为什么要求光学系统中，光学元件要与光轴垂直放置？2.光学系统中，常用的基点和基面有哪些？3.什么是节平面？节平面的性质有哪些？4.物方远心光路和像方远心光路对于减少相差有什么作用？5.什么是场镜，它的作用是什么？还有一些题，现在是真的记不清楚了，但是都算比较简单的。
二证明题1.考察的是第二章的内容。
北京理工大学820应用光学模拟题5
理硕教育—专注于北理工考研辅导本资料由理硕教育整理，理硕教育是全国唯一专注于北理工考研辅导的学校，相对于其它机构理硕教育有得天独厚的优势。
丰富的理工内部资料资源与人力资源确保每个学员都受益匪浅，确保理硕教育的学员初试通过率89%以上，复试通过率接近100%，理硕教育现开设初试专业课VIP一对一，初试专业课网络小班，假期集训营，复试VIP一对一辅导，复试网络小班，考前专业课网络小班，满足学员不同的需求。
因为专一所以专业，理硕教育助您圆北理之梦。
详情请查阅理硕教育官网1．-个5倍的显微物镜c按薄透镜组考惫，，物像之间的共轭距离为190 rnm，求该物镜的焦距物平面离透镜的距离。
2．-个8倍的望远镜系统由物镜、斜方棱镜，目镜构成。
斜方棱镜的入射面到物镜的距离为110 mm，斜方棱镜口径为30 mm，折射率为1.5，棱镜的出射面到目镜的距离为30 mm，求物镜和目镜的焦距。
如果入瞳和物镜重合，物镜通光口径多大？（透镜均按薄透镜考虑）3．3．用一个60 W灯泡照明2m远处并与照明方向成45。
的平面，假定灯泡发光效率（光视效能）为10 Im/W，各方向均匀发光，求被照表面的照度等于多大？4根据理想光学系统的成像性质，导出以主点为原点的共轭点方程式和垂轴放大率。
3．设有一个同心透镜，其厚度为30mm，玻璃折射率为1.5，焦距为-100 mm，求两个半径等于多少？它的主面在哪里？5.已知显微镜的视度大率为300，目镜的焦距为20 rnm，求显微镜物镜的倍率。
假定人眼的视角分辩率为60”，问使用该显微镜观察时，能分辨的两物点的最小距离等于多少？该显微镜物镜的数值孔径不小于多少？6.设幻灯机离开投影屏幕的距离为45 m，投影屏幕为5 mX4 m，幻灯片尺寸为20 mX16 m，光源亮度为12 000熙提，聚光系统使幻灯片均匀照明，并使光束充满物镜口径，如果物镜的透过率为0.6，要求屏幕照度为100 lx，求该幻灯祝物镜的焦距和相对孔径，7.人眼垂直看水池1 m处的物体，试问物体的像到水面的距离是多少（水的折射率为1. 33）?8.对于一个共轴理想光学系统，如果物平面倾斜于光轴，试问其像的几何形状是否与物相似。
北京理工大学光学工程复试真题
北京理工大学光学工程复试真题本资料由理硕教育整理，理硕教育是全国唯一专注于北理工考研辅导的学校，相对于其它机构理硕教育有得天独厚的优势。
丰富的理工内部资料资源与人力资源确保每个学员都受益匪浅，确保理硕教育的学员初试通过率89%以上，复试通过率接近100%，理硕教育现开设初试专业课VIP一对一，初试专业课网络小班，假期集训营，复试VIP一对一辅导，复试网络小班，考前专业课网络小班，满足学员不同的需求。
因为专一所以专业，理硕教育助您圆北理之梦。
详情请查阅理硕教育官网1填空题：光子效应？内光电效府？外光电效应？光电检测系统至少要有哪些组成部分？画出结构框图2简述各组成部分所实现的功能红外探测器的分类？各种红外探测器的特点（优缺点）?3实现二二维空间分布光学图像转換为一维时间变化视频信号，可采用的器件或途径方法？4光学系统中常用的基点、基面有哪些？并作并作图说明5照相物镜的相对孔径？显微物镜的数值孔径？6望远镜的工作原理？望远镜的视场放大率、角放大率和垂轴放大率之间的关系7计算题：己知显微物镜的垂轴放大率和共轭距离求物镜的焦距；已知目镜的放大倍数求目镜的焦距：求显微镜的组合焦距8关于MTF和分辨率的一道计算题。
9什么是外光电效应？什么是红限？10计算机图像跟电视图像的区别？11用眼睛的构造分析望远镜成像原理？12人文题：一段卡耐基的话.13干涉条件是什么？画出杨氏干涉在不同位置观察时的条纹。
当两个点光源靠近时，条纹如何变化？14一束光垂直入射到晶体表面，光轴与纸面垂直，计算分析传播方向上两点处：光的偏振状态15什么是衍射受限分辨本领？画图说明瑞利判据。
圆形光瞳的最小分辨距离等于多少？望远镜的分辨本领用什么表示？如何提高？16写出JK触发器的输出方程。
说明JK触发器怎样连接可以当作T触发器?D触发器？17关于555施密特触发器，给出了一幅图，18计算Ut+和Ut-，画出波形。
19什么是射极跟随器？负反馈组态的特点是什么？20双极性晶体管和场效应管有哪些类型？21用一个运算放大器构造22反向电压放大器和同相电压放大器。
北理应用光学测试
测试一一、问答题（共30分，每小题2分）：1、人眼通过望远镜观察发光点和发光面时的主观光亮度有什么区别？2、光学系统中造成光能损失的原因有哪些？3、对目视光学仪器的两个共同要求是什么？为什么？4、光亮度的含义是什么？5、柯勒照明和临界照明有什么区别？6、场镜通常位在光学系统中什么地方？它对光学系统有什么作用？>7、像方远心光路有什么特点？8、孔径光阑和视场光阑有什么区别？9、显微镜为什么可以将细小的物体放大？10、近视眼要佩戴什么样的眼镜？眼镜的焦距等于什么？11、如果已知一个光学系统的结构参数r、d、n等，要求出系统的主平面和焦点，应该采取什么样的方法来计算？12、什么叫理想光学系统的衍射分辨率？它与什么参数有关？13、显微镜物镜的衍射分辨率与什么参数有关？采取什么途径可以提高显微镜的衍射分辨率？14、平行玻璃板有什么样的成像特性？15、一条纹恰好位于一玻璃球的中心，经玻璃球折射后，其共轭像位于什么地方？像与物反向还是同向？16、某青年眼睛正常，其远点在（），最大调节范围为－10 视度，近点距离为（）。
17、偶数个平面反射镜成像物像( )，奇数个平面反射镜成像,则成( )。
单个平面镜绕着和入射面垂直的轴转动α角,反射光线和入射光线之间的夹角将改变( )。
18、对目视光学仪器的两个共同要求是( )和( )。
19、某望远镜利用目镜调节视度，若目镜焦距f＇=20mm，要调节-5视度，目镜移动量为( )毫米，移动方向是( )物镜方向。
20、柯勒照明中，照明系统将光源成像在（）；临界照明中，光源成像在（）。
21、如果望远镜的出瞳直径为4mm，视放大率为3.7×，则该望远镜的分辨率为（9 。
5“）。
22、有两个灯泡A和B，离人眼距离分别为5m和10m，如果人眼感觉两个灯泡一样亮，二者的发光强度应该满足IA:IB=( )。
23、物方节点与（）共轭，像方焦点与（）共轭，物方焦点与（）共轭。
24、单个折射球面的主点位在（）；反射球面的焦点位于（）。
北京理工大学820应用光学2002年考研专业课真题试卷
北京理工大学2002年硕士研究生入学考试试题
一、问答题（共30分，每小题2分）
1.什么叫“临界照明”？什么叫“柯勒照明”？
2.什么叫望远镜的“有效放大率”？
3.什么叫“理想光学系统的衍射分辨率”？它等于什么？
4.什么叫“畸变”？它与什么因素有关？
5.红光和紫光哪种波长长？对同一个透镜，红光与紫光哪个的焦距长？
6.光学系统中光能的损失包括哪些部分？通常采用什么方法减少反射损失？
7.什么叫“人眼的视见函数”？在哪种波长下人眼的视见函数等于1？
8.什么叫“景深”？景深与焦距和相对孔径有什么关系？
9.什么叫“物方远心光路”？什么叫“像方远心光路”？
10.望远镜的垂轴放大率、角放大率和视放大率有什么关系？
11.什么叫“人眼的视角分辨率”？它等于什么？
12.像方焦点与谁共轭？物方焦点与谁共轭？
13.满足全反射的条件是什么？
14.物理光学研究什么内容？几何光学研究什么内容？
15.对棱镜展开有哪两个要求？
二、证明题（共16分，每小题4分）
1.证明通过望远镜观察发光面时，主观光亮度小于人眼直接观察的主观光亮度。
第1页，共4页。
北京理工大学2002年春攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
ENGLISH ENTRANCE EXAMINATION FOR BIT NON-ENGLISH MAJORDOCTORAL CANDIDATES(Testing Paper A)Spring, 2002Testing Number:______________ Part I Listening Comprehension(25 minutes, 20 points)Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a third voice will ask a question about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices [A], [B], [C], and [D] by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a black dot.1. [A] yes, because she got some while she was shopping.[C] No, because she's already spent most of it. [B] Yes, because she wants to help him. [D] No, because she already lent it to friend.2. [A] Yesterday. [B] Two days ago. [C] Three days ago. [D] Early last week.3. [A] In a hospital. [B] At an appointment. [C] In his office. [D] Out of town.4. [A] On the hour [B] Within an hour. [C] By the next day. [D] Before five.5. [A] At a service station. [B] On a hill. [C] In an emergency room. [D] In a parking lot.6. [A] That the woman come to the party.[C] That the woman cook for the party. [B] A date with Barbara [D] A present for Bill.7. [A] Have dinner. [B] Watch television. [C] Read the newspaper. [D] Take a nap.8. [A] She’s taking an exam on Friday.[C] She doesn’t enjoy tours very much.[B] She has to study on Friday. [D] She likes staying home better.9. [A] He is a mailinan. [C] He is a telephone repairman. [B] He is a writer. [D] He is a dairy fanner. Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear one question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices [A], [B], [C] and [D] by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.10. [A] How the man is doing at his studies.[C] The town they live in. [B] The way time passes. [D] The things they like to do.11. [A] It always goes too fast.[C] It seems slower when one has too much to do. [B] It always goes too slowly.[D] It seems slower when one has little to do.12. [A] Write a paper. [B] Do an experiment. [C] Be patient. [D] Get rid oftbe flies.13. [A] As intelligent. [B] As typical. [C] As tall. [D] As old.14. [A] Teach it to his daughter.[C] Write in his native language. [B] Become a Cherokee leader.[D] Fight for his tribe.15. [A] A United States historian.[C] A Cherokee language teacher. [B] A member or his own family.[D] A leader ofthe Cherokees.Section C Spot DictationDirections: In this section you will hear a passage three times. The passage is printed on the Answer Sheet with some words missing. You must fill in the blanks with what you hear. First, the whole passage will be read at normal speed for you to get a general idea of it. Then, in the second reading, it will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15-20 seconds in which you can write down the missing parts. The last reading will be read at normal speed again for you to check your work. You are to write down the missing words you have heard in the blanks on your ANSWER SHEET.Turning to the local scene, the strike by the city bus drivers has just gone into its third day. And those [16]__ are continuing between the city officials and representatives of the bus drivers’ union. No settlement is in sight. The drivers say that salaries are not the main issue [17] __ that working conditions and employee [18]__ plans will have to be improved before they return to their jobs. In the meaning time, city residents are coping as best they can with the city transportation company. Many people are reported to be sharing cars to and from work. And many others have [19]__ the pleasure of walking. Mr. Smith said that he didn’t think he would go back to [20]__ the buses after the strike is over, for he thought it was healthier to walk.Part ΙΙ Vocabulary(20 points 0.5 for each)Section A Directions:There are 20 questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked [A], [Bl, [C] and [D]. Choose the word or phrase that is, closest in meaning to the underlined one. Then blacken the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET.21. The perform ing artists’ act electrified the audience.[A] disturbed [B] charged [C] thrilled [D] pleased22. The little boy aski ng for “more” is one of the famous episodes in Dickens’ Oliver Twist.D[A] incidents [B] narration [C] affairs [D] scenes23. Tom kept his mouth shut, gasping with rage.A[A] being breathless [B] feeling angry [C] becoming speechless [D] showing temper24. Professor Congrave is not for abandoning the MFA at any cost nor would it be a good idea to abolish the MFA withoutagreement on some other forms.[A] a bit [B] at all [C] at least [D] above all25. “Don’t worry, John. You can always count on me to help you.”[A] keep [B] take [C] expect [D] tell26. Every voter should exercise his option.C[A] strength [B] career [C] choice [D] duty27. The prisoners were pushed into the lethal chamber.C[A] closed [B] mysterious [C] deadly [D] packed28. The art collector thirsted for an original Van Gogh.B[A] craned [B] longed [C] called [D] persisted29. Joe is always running down his wife in front of his friends.[A] praising [B] reducing the power of [C] getting down [D] criticizing30. Some travelers knocked on our door during the storm because they needed shelter.A[A] protection [B] warmth [C] companion [D] recovery31. People are so fed up wit h the situation at the airport that many of them have written letters to People’s Daily.[A] insensible of [B] annoyed at [C] terrified by [D] satisfied with32. The view of introducing democratic government has been applauded by members of the Legislative Council.A[A] praised [B] rejected [C] enjoyed [D] designated33. The committee also fear that Mr. MeCarthy wants to link appraisal more closely to teachers’ salary levels, thuscreating a merit pay system.D[A] performance [B] achievement [C] competence [D] evaluation34. The professor gave them a lecture last week but he wondered how much his students took in.[A] understood [B] misunderstood [C] wrote down [D] wrote up35. The workers strongly denounced their factory director for neglect of duty.D[A] indicated [B] demonstrated [C] announced [D] condemned36. The Roman Empire rapidly waned in power in the 5-th century.[A] approached to the end [B] turned more powerful [C] moved to a new stage [D] totally became collapsed37. The director of this play has taken liberties with Shakespeare’s writing.[A] thought little of [B] thought no end of [C] shown no respect to [D] changed freely38. The academic atmosphere in the campus is conducive to cultivating a subtle discrimination.B[A] resulting from [B] favorable to [C] confident in [D] compliant with39. Now, intelligence sources tell TIME that the laptop in the Intelligence and Research Bureau contained critical data onweapons proliferation.B[A] subtraction [B] multiplication [C] detention [D] condensation40. As a corollary of science, technology also exhibits the universalizing tendency.B[A] historical record [B] natural result [C] disastrous consequence [D] fruitful expansion Section B Directions: There are 20 questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Blacken the corresponding letter with a single bar across it on your Answer Sheet.41. TIle land here is so ______ that three crops a year can grow.C[A] distinctive [B] extensive [C] fertile [D] inferior42. After the defeat of their enemy they made a(n) ____ entry into the city.D[A] humble [B] indignant [C] forceful [D] triumphant43. The really _____ blow came when the owner of his star performer, Conrad, removed the horse from the yard.[A] defying [B] crushing [C] cursing [D] damping44. Although society was not yet perfect, no injustice seemed impossible to _____ .[A] release [B] remedy [C] rebuke [D] recover45. At the entrance to the highway, you must ________ to the traffic.[A] yield [B] consider [C] attach [D] stick46. The rebels are planning the ______ of the King and the establishment of a republic state.C[A] exchange [B] persecution [C] overthrow [D] subordination47. The Minister of Finance ______ the demands of the negotiators and agreed to a meeting with the leaders of thefive unions.A[A] gave in to [B] gave away [C] got away with [D] got along with48. Heart ______ is much more common these days than it was even ten years ago.A[A] surgery [B] surgeon [C] circuit [D] circulation49. Far away up in the sky we could see several black birds _____ their wings.C[A] sliding [B] gliding [C] flapping [D] clapping50 The company revealed a _____ of jobs reserved for college students.[A] quota [B] statement [C] quantity [D] significance51. These planes are designed to travel at _______ speeds.C[A] sounding [B] sheer [C] supersonic [D] soaring52. She was gone _____, after staying in the same house for over six months.[A] for good [B] for all [C] on end [D] on the spot53 The teacher ______ his fin gers on the desk impatiently while waiting for the student’s answer.D[A] sprayed [B] nodded [C] rocked [D] tapped54. Romanticism _________ emotion and imagination over reason.C[A] estimated [B] valued [C] invoked [D] oppressed55. We need a(n) ______ to install our new washing machine.C[A] colonel [B] astronomer [C] plumber [D] explorer56. I ran into Bill at the _______ of Churchill Avenue and Washington Street.A[A] junction [B] terminal [C] connection [D] hinge57. The employment of an agent may be such as to give him an authority to con~tract on behalf of his principalgenerally with regard to a wider or narrower class ofaffairs.[A] in respect of [B] in consideration of [C] in the name of [D] in consequence of58. Jane was not ________ when she got home.[A] berter off [B] so much the better [C] better than [D] all the better59. One of the duties of the jury is to ______ degrees of guilt.[A] differ with [B] tell about [C] discriminate between [D] discriminate against60. I’ll be very upset if you _______ my offer of help.[A]tum away with [B] turn down [C] tum upside down [D] tum againstPart ΙΙΙ Cloze(5 points 0.5 for each) Directions: in this section, you are to read a passage with twenty blanks and fill in the blanks with words or phrases given. Choose one suitable word or phrase marked [A], [B], [C] or [D] for each blank and blacken the corresponding letter of your choice on your ANSWER SHEET.Proteins are built up from approximately twenty food elements called “amino-acids”, 61 are found more abundantly in animal protein than in vegetable protein. This means you have to eat a great deal more vegetable than animal food in order to get 62 of these amino-acids. A great deal of the vegetable food goes to 63 in this process and from the physiological point of view there is not much to he said in favor of life-long vegetarianism. The economic side of the question, 64 must be considered. Vegetable food is much cheaper than animal food. However, since only a small proportion of the vegetable protein is 65 for body-building purposes, a consistent vegetarian, if he is to gain the necessary seventy grams of protein a day. has to 66 a greater bulk of food than his digestive organs can comfortably deal with. In fairness, though, it must be pointed out that vegetarians claim that they need far less than seventy grams of protein a day.Most nutrition experts today would 67 a balanced diet containing elements of all foods, largely because of our need for 68 vitamins. The most common deficiencies in Western diets today are those of vitamins. The answer is 69 in food. A well-balanced diet having good protein sources usually provides adequate minimum daily 70 ofall the vitamins.61. [A] which [B] those [C] that [D] all of whom62. [A] plentiful [B] adequate [C] abundant [D] enough63. [A] ruin [B] extremes [C] waste [D] blood-streams64. [A] though [B] therefore [C] besides [D] moreover65. [A] spent [B] useful [C] harmless [D] digestive66. [A] conceive [B] consume [C] contain [D] condense67. [A] instruct [B] legalize [C] command [DJ dispute68. [AJ extra [Bl sufficient [C] nutritious [D] inseparable69. [A] various [B] varying [C] variation [D]variety70. [A] requirements [B] production [C] necessities [D] requestsPart IV Reading Comprehension(50 minutes 30 points)Directions: There are 6 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage OneIn general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprise directed by a bureaucratic(官僚主义的) management in which man becomes a small, well oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human relations” experts: yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not whole-heartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue and the white collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings. Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind isnot a matter of salary but even more a matter of self respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence from that moment on they are tested again and again--by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.Am I suggesting that we should return to the pre-industrial mode of production or to nineteenth century “free enterprise” capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities--those of love and of reason--are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end and should be prevented from ruling man.71. By “a well oiled cog in the machinery”, the author intends to render the idea that man is ________ .[A] a necessary part of the society though each individual’s function is negligible[B] working in complete harmony with the rest of the society[C] an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society, though functioning smoothly[D] a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly72. The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that ________ .[A] they are likely to lose their jobs[B] they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in life[C] they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existence[D] they are deprived of the individuality and independence73. From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those _________ .[A] who are at the bottom of the society[B] who are higher up in their social status[C] who prove better than their fellow competitors[D] who could keep far away from this competitive world74. To solve the present social problems, the author suggests that we should ________ .[A] resort to the production mode of our ancestors[B] offer higher wages to the workers and employees[C] enable man to fully develop his potentialities[D] take the fundamental realities for granted75. The author’s attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of ________ .[A] approval [B] dissatisfaction [C] suspicious [D] tolerancePassage TwoWandering through the streets of downtown Boston, one can understand why this city of capital of Massachusetts has been nicknamed the Cradle of Liberty. Along the marked path called the Freedom Trail, visitors came upon landmarks of the Revolutionary War and the early history of the United States. Members of the Massachusetts Bay Colony founded Boston in 1630 on a peninsula where the Charles River Haws into a sheltered bay of theAtlantic Ocean.The wealth of historic places in Boston sparks a visitor’s imagination. It was at the old South Meetinghouse that the Boston Tea Party of 1773 was planned. The Boston massacre(1770) took place opposite the Old Statehouse. A visit to Faneuil Hall brings to mind the fiery speeches of colonists who wanted their independence.During the 19th century Boston was a leader in religion, literature, and social reform. Christian Science was established at the Mother Church in Boston, and King’s Chapel was the birthplace of American Unitarianism.Today a modern City Hall looks out on a city that is a busy seaport as well a center of industry, commerce and finance. Boston’s major industries include publishing, food processing, and the manufacturing of electronic equipment, leather goods, and machinery.At the same time, Boston maintains its position of leadership in education and culture. Students still attend the famous Boston Public Latin School, which five signers of the Declaration of Independence attended. It was founded in 1635 and is one of the oldest free pubic schools in the United States. Harvard University, in nearby Cambridge was founded in 1636. Other installations of higher education in the Boston area are the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Tufts University, Boston University, Boston College, Brandeis University, Wellesley College, and Simmons College.Boston provides many opportunities for enjoyment of museum and library collections, music and the theater. Plays that are bound for Broadway in New York City try out in Boston. The Boston Symphony Orchestra and the Boston Pops Orchestra are world-famous. Sports are not neglected. The city has professional teams in baseball, hockey, and basketball. To many New Englanders, Boston still seems to deserve another of its old nicknames--the Hub of the Universe.76. Boston has been nicknamed the Cradle of Liberty mainly for _______ .[A] its relation with the early history of the United States[B] its being the capital of Massachusetts[C] there being the marked path called the Freedom Trail[D] Boston massacre taking place over there in 177077. Boston was taken as a leader during the 19th century for ________ .I. it being the origin of the American UnitarianismII. its role in leading the reforms in American literature and religionIII. its being one of the centers of the American industry, commerce and finance[A] I only [B] II only [C] I and II [D] I, II and III78. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT that ______ .[A] Boston takes its pride of its Public Latin School where all the main founders of the Independent America oncestudied[B] Boson still keeps its own dominant status in education and culture in the country[C] Boston is famous for its machine-building industry[D] Harvard University, one of the oldest public schools of the country, is still in Boston79. According to the context, the Phrase of “the Hub of the Universe” can probably mean ______ .[A] the center of the universe [B] the wheel of the universe[C] the metropolitan of the universe [D] the arm of the universe80. From the tone of the writer, the text is probably adapted from ____________ .[A] A Geographical Textbook [B] A Guide to the American Cities[C] Notes to the Driver’s Road Map [D] A Tourist GuidePassage ThreeLife really should be one long journey of joy for children born with a world of wealth at their tiny feet. But psychologists now believe that silver spoons can leave a bitter taste. If suicide statistics are an indicator of happiness, then the rich are a miserable lot. Figures show that it is the wealthy who most often do away with themselves. Internationally famous child psychiatrist Dr. Robert Coles is the world’s top expert on the influence of money on children. He has written a highly acclaimed book on the subject, The Privileged Ones, and his research shows that too much money in the family can cause as many problems as too little. “Obviously there are certain advantages to being rich,” says the 53 year old psychiatrist, “such as better health education and future work prospects. But most important is the quality of family life. Money can’t buy love.”It can buy a lot of other things, though, and that’s where the trouble starts. Rich kids have so much to choose from that they often become confused. Over indulgence by their parents can make them spoilt. They tend to travel more than other children, from home to home and country to country, which causes feeling of restlessness.“But privileged children do have a better sense of their positions in the world,” adds Mr Colos, “and they are more self assured. I can’t imagine, for instance, that Prince William will not grow up to be self assured.” Prince William is probably the most privileged child in the world and will grow up to fill the world’s most privileged position--King of England. It is a fact that no one knows how much the Queen is worth. There are the royal estates--two palaces, two castles and a country mansion. There’s also the royal picture collection, the stamp collection, the library, the jewels and the royal yacht Britannia. Before he inherits that lot, William will succeed his father as Prince of Wales and enjoy the income from the Duchy of Conwall, currently worth 771,480 pounds a year. Known jokingly around the palace as West Country Limited, the Duchy consists of 26,600 acres of cornwall including mineral rights for tin mining and 2,000 acres of forestry. It also owns the Oval cricket ground, 900 flats in London, oyster beds and a golf course.So money will never be one of Prince William’s problems. Living anything that resembles a normal life will. “He will have a sense of isolation,”said Dr. Coles, “and he could suffer from the handicap of not being able to deal with the everyday world because he will never really be given the chance. Royals exist in an elaborate social fantasy. Everything they have achieved is because of an accident of birth. There can be no tremendous inner satisfaction about that.”Today’s wealthy parents perhaps realize their riches can be more of a burden than a blessing to their children. So their priority is to ensure that their families are as rich in love as they are in money.81. Rich children _________ .[A] are embittered [B] often do away with themselves[C] are a miserable lot [D] are not always happy82. Which of the following statements is true?[A] Coles believes that there are as many advantages to being poor as there are to being rich.[B] Rich children are rarely given too many material things.[C] Rich children do not get enough rest.[D] Rich Children can be deprived of the thing they are most in need of.83. We can imply that _________ .[A] it is unlikely that Prince William will have a great deal of self confidence[B] Prince William’s income from the Duchy of Cornwall will be worth over three quarters of a million pounds[C] Prince William will have a good idea of how normal people lead their lives[D] Prince William will have difficulty in adapting to the normal world84. Coles suggests that _________ .[A] members of the Royal Family have not earned what they have themselves.[B] the Queen doesn’t know how much money she has[C] West Country Limited is a name of the cooperation owned by the Queen[D] members of the Royal Family are always satisfied with what they achieved85. The purpose of the passage is to tell readers that __________ .[A] there is a higher incidence of suicide among the rich than among the poor[B] money can always bring happiness to children[C] life is always joyful for children born with a world of wealth at their tiny feet[D] wealthy parents should be aware of the fact that it is love not money in the family that is important to children. Passage FourWe are told the mass media are the greatest organs for enlightenment that the world has yet seen; that in Britain, forinstance, several million people see each issue of the current affairs programme, Panoroma. It is true that never in human history were so many people so often and so much exposed to so many intimations about societies, forms of life attitudes other than those which obtain in their own local societies. This kind of exposure may well be a point of departure for acquiring certain important intellectual and imaginative qualities, width of judgment, a sense of the variety of possible attitudes. Yet in itself such exposure does not bring intellectual or imaginative development. It is no more than the masses of stone which lie around in a quarry and which may, conceivably, go to the making of a cathedral. The mass media cannot build the cathedral, and their way of showing the stones does not always prompt others to build. For the stones are presented within a self-contained and self-sufficient world in which, it is implied, simply to look at them, to observe fleetingly individually interesting points of difference between them is sufficient in itself.Life is indeed full of problems on which we have to--or feel we should try to--make decisions, as citizens or as private individuals. But neither the real difficulty of these decisions, nor their true and disturbing challenge to each individual, can often be communicated through the mass media. The disinclination to suggest real choice, individual decision, which is to be found in the mass media is not simply the product of a commercial desire to keep the customer happy. It is within the grain of mass communications. The organs of the Establishment, however well intentioned they may be and whatever their form(the State, the Church, voluntary societies, political parties), have a vested interest in ensuring that the public boat is not violently rocked and will so affect those who work within the mass media that they will be led insensibly towards forms of production which, though they go through the motions of dispute and enquiry, do not break through the skin to where such enquiries might really hurt. They will tend to move, when exposing problems, well within the accepted cliche assumptions of democratic society and will tend neither radically to question these cliches nor to make a disturbing application of them to features of contemporary life. They will stress the “stimulation” the programs give, but this soon becomes an agitation of problems for the sake of the interest of that agitation itself; they will therefore, again, assist a form of acceptance of the status quo(现状). There were exceptions to this tendency, but they are uncharacteristic.The result can be seen in a hundred radio and television programs as plainly as in the normal treatment of public issues in the popular press. Different levels of background in the readers or viewers may be assumed, but what usually takes place is a substitute for the process of arriving at judgement. Programs such as this are noteworthy less for the “stimulation” they offer than for the fact that stimulation(repeated at regular intervals) may become a substitute for and so a hindrance to, judgements carefully arrived at and tested in the mind and on the pulses. Mass communications, then, do not ignore intellectual matters; they tend to castrate(使…丧失活力) them, to allow them to sit on the side of the fireplace, sleek and useless, a family plaything.86. According to the passage, the mass media present us with ______ .[A] insufficient diversity of information [B] too restricted a view of life[C] a wide range of facts and opinions [D] a critical assessment of our society87. What effect is it claimed the mass media can have on our intellectual and imaginative development?[A] They are likely to frustrate this development. [B] They can form a basis for it.[C] They can distort our judgment. [D] They can stimulate too much mental activity.88. How are the mass media said to influence our ability to make decisions?[A] They disturb us by their prejudices. [B] They make us doubt our own judgments.[C] They make no contribution in this area. [D] They make decisions appear too complicated.89. The author says that a natural concern of the Establishment is to _________ .[A] perfonn a good service to society [B] arouse strong emotions in the public[C] maintain its position in society [D] change the form of public institutions90.What is the author’s final judgment on how mass-communications deal with intellectual matters?[A] They regard them as unimportant. [B] They see them as a domestic pastime.[C] They consider them to be of only domestic interest. [D] They rob them of their dramatic impact.Passage FiveHumor, which ought to give rise to only the most light-hearted and gay feelings, can often stir up vehemence and animosity(仇恨). Evidently it is dearer to us than we realize. Men will take almost any kind of criticism except the observation that they have no sense of humor. A man will admit to being a coward or a liar or a thief or a poor mechanic or a bad swimmer, but tell him he has a dreadful sense of humor and you might as well have slandered his mother. Even if he is civilized enough to pretend to make light of your statement, he will still secretly believe that he has not only a good sense of humor but are superior to most. He has, in other words, a completely blind spot on the subject. This is an the more surprising when you consider that not one man in ten million can give you any kind of intelligent answer as to what humor is or why he laughs.One day when I was about twelve years old, it occurred to me to wonder about the phenomenon of laughter. At first I thought it is easy enough to see what I laugh at and why I am amused, but why at such times do I open my mouth and exhale in jerking gasps and wrinkle up my eyes and throw back my head and halloo like an animal? Why do I not instead rap four times on the top of my head or whistle or whirl about?That was over twenty years ago and I am still wondering, except that I now no longer even take my first assumption for granted, I no longer clearly understand why I laugh at what amuses me nor why things are amusing. I have illustrious company in my confusion, of course. Many of the great minds of history have brought their powers of concentration to bear on the mystery of humor, and, to date, their conclusions are so contradictory and ephemeral(短暂的) that they cannot possibly be classified as scientific.Many definitions of the comic are incomplete and many are simply rewording of things we already know. Aristotle, for example, defined the ridiculous as that which is incongruous(自相矛盾的) but represents neither danger nor pain. But that。
北京理工大学考研《光学工程》复试题——回忆版
北京理工大学考研《光学工程》复试题——回忆版第一篇：北京理工大学考研《光学工程》复试题——回忆版专业课笔试应用光学 25分1.光线的概念、光线与波面的关系2.光学系统中常用的基面与基点有哪些，作图表示3照相物镜的相对孔径？显微物镜的数值孔径？4望远镜的工作原理？望远镜的视场放大率、角放大率和垂轴放大率之间的关系5计算题：已知显微物镜的垂轴放大率和共轭距离求物镜的焦距；已知目镜的放大倍数求目镜的焦距；求显微镜的组合焦距3.近视和远视各有什么特点4.计算题高斯公式简单应用5.MTF简单计算电子技术 251.单管放大电路有哪几种基本接法？对电流、电压的放大能力如何2.滤波器的功能及常用滤波器有哪些3.直流负反馈有什么作用？交流负反馈各在什么条件下引入？4.简单的线性运放计算5.画出5V直流电源的连接图（整流，滤波，稳压的连接）6.A/D的转换精度计算1.TTL与COMS的区别2.桥式整流+3端稳压管连线3.直流负反馈和交流负反馈的作用，对电路参数的影响4.A/D,D/A转换的一些基本概念5.时序逻辑电路有什么特点，举3种时序电路常用器件光电技术 251.填空：光电效应光电发射效应内光电效应，光子效应？内光电效应？外光电效应？2.判断题：CCD的构成及传输时的一些参数的影响（4道）光学系统调焦，判断哪些是白噪声3.问答：常用的光电探测系统的组成框图及简要说明4.问答：常用的红外探测器有哪些？说说其原理，并比较其优缺点5.问答：用什么器件或手段能将二维图像信号转为视频信号输出？（摄像器件）计算机基础 251.填空二进制转化为十进制和十六进制2.填空：多媒体中图像的保存及传输时间的计算（3个空）3.问答：微机中常用的总线及功能简单描叙4.问答：微机常用的接口有哪些，并说说其功能5.问答：ROM、EPROM、RAM、DRAM各代表什么含义，有什么区别？1用C语言编程，找出100到200之间的素数2计算机的硬件有哪些？简述其功能3反码，补码的计算，两数相加时是否溢出？数电和模电和应光好好看，微机原理及接口技术和光电器件及理论看看就行面试题什么叫自适应光学？什么叫视场？透镜的参数（孔径，焦距，相对孔径）什么是约翰逊准则？电话是谁发明的？有线电报无线电报是谁发明的？还问过：物光的知识（爱里斑，菲涅尔反射透射，P`S波的振动方向），毕业论文，参加过的科技活动，激光是怎么产生的英语面试自我介绍介绍自己的家乡大学学过的课程其他同学被问的的问题：怎样看待光学工程，天空为什么是蓝色的记得题型是12道题先5道，内容有激光原理、物理光学、电子技术基础、大学物理。
北京理工应用光学习题【精选】
第一章 : 几何光学基本原理 ( 理论学时： 4 学时 )•讨论题：几何光学和物理光学有什么区别？它们研究什么内容？•思考题：汽车驾驶室两侧和马路转弯处安装的反光镜为什么要做成凸面，而不做成平面？•一束光由玻璃（ n=1.5 ）进入水（ n=1.33 ），若以45 ° 角入射，试求折射角。
•证明光线通过二表面平行的玻璃板时，出射光线与入射光线永远平行。
•为了从坦克内部观察外界目标，需要在坦克壁上开一个孔。
假定坦克壁厚为 200mm ，孔宽为 120mm ，在孔内部安装一块折射率为 n=1.5163 的玻璃，厚度与装甲厚度相同，问在允许观察者眼睛左右移动的条件下，能看到外界多大的角度范围？•一个等边三角棱镜，若入射光线和出射光线对棱镜对称，出射光线对入射光线的偏转角为40 °，求该棱镜材料的折射率。
•构成透镜的两表面的球心相互重合的透镜称为同心透镜，同心透镜对光束起发散作用还是会聚作用？•共轴理想光学系统具有哪些成像性质？第二章 : 共轴球面系统的物像关系 ( 理论学时： 10 学时，实验学时： 2 学时 )•讨论题：对于一个共轴理想光学系统，如果物平面倾斜于光轴，问其像的几何形状是否与物相似？为什么？•思考题：符合规则有什么用处？为什么应用光学要定义符合规则？•有一放映机，使用一个凹面反光镜进行聚光照明，光源经过反光镜以后成像在投影物平面上。
光源高为10mm ，投影物高为 40mm ，要求光源像高等于物高，反光镜离投影物平面距离为 600mm ，求该反光镜的曲率半径等于多少？•试用作图法求位于凹的反光镜前的物体所成的像。
物体分别位于球心之外，球心和焦点之间，焦点和球面顶点之间三个不同的位置。
•试用作图法对位于空气中的正透镜（）分别对下列物距：求像平面位置。
•试用作图法对位于空气中的负透镜（）分别对下列物距：求像平面位置。
•已知照相物镜的焦距毫米，被摄景物位于距离米处，试求照相底片应放在离物镜的像方焦面多远的地方？•设一物体对正透镜成像，其垂轴放大率等于－ 1 ，试求物平面与像平面的位置，并用作图法验证。