专题一冠词
(江苏)2020高考复习：专题1 名词和冠词常考点
专题一名词和冠词常考点掌握名词的可数和不可数性、可数名词的复数、名词作定语以及名词的所有格形式的用法。
特别注意名词词义辨析和名词固定短语的运用。
近些年考查名词的题目，在设问方面更趋精细化。
冠词主要考查牢固的基础知识和灵活使用冠词的能力。
冠词的用法复杂，要弄清句子中的单数名词、复数名词或不可数名词的泛指、特指、类指、专指的概念。
做题时，首先要搞清名词是单数还是复数，是特指还是泛指，注意复数名词、不可数名词表示泛指不用任何冠词，单数名词前要加不定冠词。
名词1名词的数1. 单数名词变为复数名词常考点：①以－o结尾的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加－s，但是下列以－o结尾的名词要加－es：hero，tomato，potato，Negro(黑人)。
②以－f或－fe结尾的名词变为复数时，一般直接加－s，但下列以－f或－fe结尾的名词变为复数时，需把f或fe去掉，加－ves：half，－self，wife，life，knife，shelf，wolf，thief，leaf，loaf。
③合成名词构成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。
如：passers－by，go－betweens，lookers－on，mothers－in－law。
2. 下列名词通常作不可数名词：fun，advice，progress，information，equipment，luggage，weather，furniture等。
3. 有些名词的复数形式可表示特别的意义。
如：waters(水域)，sands(沙滩)，manners(礼貌)，times(时代)，spirits(情绪；烈酒)，contents(目录)，customs(海关)，lines(台词)，arms(武器)，looks(容貌)。
4. 单复数同形的名词。
如： Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，series，means，works。
专题一：名词和冠词
专题一：名词和冠词I. Nouns1. 可数名词的复数形式:a. 单复同形: sleep, deer, fish , means, works, aircraft, Japanese, Swiss, Chinese, Yuan/Jin/Lib. 规则变化:①-fe: thieves, shelves, leaves, lives, knives; gulfs, roofs, proofs, safes, chief, beliefs,②-o: photos, pianos, zoos, bamboos, radios, studios, videos, kilos, heroes, Negroes, tomatoes, potatoes, volcanoesc.不规则变化: feet, men, women, mice, teeth, geese, bacterium( bacteria), children, penny(pence), ox(oxen),crisis( crises),d. 只有复数形式 trousers, glasses, goods, clothes, thanks, contents, . compasses(圆规),remains （遗迹，残余物）, scales(天平)，scissors （剪刀）, ,data （数据，资料）, media,e. 复合名词复数：grown-ups, lookers-on, sisters-in-law, film-goers, passers-by, story-tellers, best-sellers, student-teachers （实习教师）, go-betweens （中间人）, men/women engineersf. 某些名词复数的特殊意义：woods, glasses, manners, times, drinks, wishes, regards, customs, waters, goods, contents （目录）, papers(论文，试卷，报纸), sands( 沙滩), spirits(情绪，酒精), arms(武器), conditions(环境 ), greens(青菜), forces(军队)2. 不可数名词的具体化：加a/an 表示“一场、一份、一种” eg. a rain/snow, a tea/beer/drink3．抽象名词具体化:1).前加a/an2). 复数4. 某些典型的不可数名词不能具体化：news, information, advice, progress, fun, homework,housework, furniture, luggage/baggage, weather, with pleasure/difficulty/hope, for/have fun5. 名词的格：通常冠词与所有格相互排斥。
2012届高三英语一轮复习语法精讲：专题1 冠词和名词(北师大版)
专题一冠词和名词一、冠词一、概念冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。
英语中的冠词有两种，一种是定冠词the，另一种是不定冠词a和an。
二、用法1．不定冠词的用法不定冠词a 和an与数词one 同源，是―一个‖的意思。
a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前，而an 则用于以元音音素开头的单词前，均表示泛指。
(1)表示―一个‖，意为one；指某人或某物，意为a certain。
A Mr Ling is waiting for you.(2)代表一类人或物。
As a middle school student, I must put all my heart into my studies.Tom wants to buy an English－Chinese dictionary for his sister's birthday.(3)词组或短语。
a little / a few / as a rule / in a hurry2．定冠词的用法定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有―那(这)个‖的意思，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。
(1)特指双方都明白的人或物。
Children in immersion programs hear only the new language in the classroom.(2)上文提到过的人或事。
The association says about nine percent of college students in the United States study foreign languages.(3)指世上独一物二的事物。
the sun，the sky，the moon，the earth(4)单数名词连用表示一类事物，如：the dollar―美元‖；the fox―狐狸‖。
与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人。
英语语法专题一-冠词
英语语法专题一冠词英语的冠词有三个(a, an, the),a和an是不定冠词；the是定冠词。
（一）不定冠词一、知识测练填上恰当的不定冠词。
1.She thinks that English is _______ useful subject and she spends more than _______ hourspeaking it every day.2.I bought _______ new handbag. There was _______ "s" on the corner.3.There is _______ orange and _______ banana on your desk. They are for you.4.Is Germany _______ European country or _______ Asian country?5.They have made quite _______ few friends since they lived in this place.二、知识归纳不定冠词a和an的基本用法：不定冠词a和an都是修饰_________（可数、不可数）名词的单数，表示“一个”的惑思，一般指人或物中的某一个或某一类。
(1)a用在_________（辅音、元音）开头的单词前（注意：辅音不是辅音字母）。
如：a man, a beautiful flower, a heavy bag, a university, a European country(2)an用在_________（元音、辅音）开头的单词前（注意：元音不是元音字母）。
如：an orange, an hour, an honest boy, an unhappy girl, an Asian country, an unusual tree三、知识过关单项选择1.That's not _______ apple. It's _______ pear.A. a, aB. the, aC. an, aD. a, the2.Walk down the road for half _______ hour, you'll see _______ university in front of you.A. a, aB. an, anC. an, aD. a, an3._______ tiger is stronger than _______ sheep.A. A, anB. An. AC. The, /D. A, a4.There's _______ "s" and _______ "u" in the word "use".A. the, theB. an, aC. an, anD. a, an5.China is _______ Asian country, but England is _______ European country.A. an, anB. an, aC. a, anD. a, a6.Is this _______ useful book?—Yes. And it's also _______ interesting book.A. a, aB. a, anC. an, aD. an, an7.I looked down and saw _______ policeman and an old lady, one of David's neighbours.A. aB. theC. anD. 不填8.How far is it from our school to _______ seaside?It is _______ eight-kilometre walk from here.A. the, anB. /, anC. the, aD. /, a（二）定冠词一、知识测练在需要的地方填上定冠词。
高中英语高考专题一 名词、代词、冠词(课件)
注意:1.fish的“数”
用法 fish作“鱼肉”讲时为不可数名词
图解
fish指“鱼的条数”时,单数和复数同形,即 fish
fish指“鱼的种类”时,其复数形式是fishes
例句 I like to eat fish.我喜欢吃鱼。
There are 2 fish in the fish tank.鱼缸里有两条 鱼。
名词作定语强调“类指”,而名词所有格则表示“特指”
Please don't put the dog's food under the table.请不要把狗食放在桌子 下面。(特指给某一条狗的食物) Dog food costs as much as meals.狗的食品和人的食品一样贵。(指类 别,即供狗食用的食品)
criterion—criteria标准 phenomenon—phenomena现象 crisis—crises危机 thesis—theses论文 bacterium—bacteria细菌
curriculum—curricula/curriculums全部课程 analysis—analyses分析 basis—bases基础 diagnosis—diagnoses诊断 medium—media媒体 datum—data数据
-er -or -ant
-ian -an -ity -ty -ance -ence -ancy -ency -age
-ship -dom
-ure
-ics
表示“……的人”
beginner, carrier, employer, interviewer, receiver, reporter, winner, collector, director, inventor, operator, survivor, assistant, attendant, servant
初中英语中考 语法图解过关 专题一 冠词
专题一 冠词
中考
编写说明
语法的知识点琐碎,对初中考生来说较难掌握,如果能把这些琐碎 的点系统化、网络化,掌握起来就容易多了。基于此,确立了本部分各 专题的设计思路:
【考情】部分分析近5年中考真题,标明各考点考频考次,有助于 考生有的放矢;
中考
编写说明
【图解】部分用思维导图对知识点进行全面梳理,层次分明、线 索清晰,有助于考生整体把握;
A. the
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考情
图解
重难
随堂
随堂 一、选择填空
1.Everyone needs to know
sorting.
A. an
B. a
C importance of rubbish C. the
前往
考情
图解
重难
随堂
随堂 一、选择填空
2.I’m going to be A great scientist like Yuan Longping
This helps us start a day well.
A. /
B. a
C. the
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图解
重难
随堂
随堂 一、选择填空
5.What B forget it. A. a
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C. the
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图解
重难
随堂
11.The invention of the bicycle is a great one to the world. I like going to work by / bike.
三年(2022-2024)高考英语真题分类汇编(全国通用)专题01冠词、名词(解析版)
三年真题4M oi冠有苴名祠昌信翌值。
成激倒年份卷别冠词（2022-2024）三年（14考）名词的数与格（2022-2024）三年（18）命题趋势2024新高考I卷the favorites;richness冠词:高考中考查频率较新高考II卷themes;visibility高的冠词主要表现在不定全国甲卷A-An（改错）treasures;completion冠词与定冠词的用法辨析上。
业考查定冠.通表特指租丕定冠词表泛损为主」2二对丕定冠.通.旦.与._迎_的用.法的看查也二真是戋查的热.点.2._3..对固定短谊中一冠.词的考查也是高考•的常考.浙江卷1月the criticism;2023新高考I卷a新高考II卷the arrival;interview全国甲卷a（语填）；the-a;（改错）warning;butterfly-butterflies（改错）全国乙卷same前面加the（改错）wonders浙江卷1月the events2022新高考I卷the populations成.2..一名词的词改错:完形填空考查名词义辨析。
语法填空和:1.名词的单复数规新高考II卷The son's全国甲卷a protection全国乙卷the responsibility浙江卷1月the invitation火V父H j勺/|、冽火11父。
乙.名词的格3.名词与其他词类的转换形式。
浙江卷6月the photographer皆盛翁偷。
围腐皆源考点01定冠词1.（2024・新高考I卷•高考真题）Further,the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road,by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for________first time.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。
中考英语专题复习总结——冠词与名词
专题一冠词和名词知识清单常考点清单一冠词一、冠词在句中的位置及分类冠词主要放在名词之前，说明名词所表示的人或物，它不能离开名词而单独存在。
冠词有两种：a和an为不定冠词，the为定冠词。
二、冠词的泛指和特指用法泛指是指首次提到的、不限定的人或物。
特指是指上文已提到的人或物，或是指被限制性修饰语在其后加以限定的人或物，也可以是指说话者双方心目中所默认的特定的人或事物。
冠词的特指和泛指用法可归纳为下表：单一，每一，任一事物a(n)上文提到过的人或事物可数名词前一定要用冠词被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物特指说话双方所默认的人或事物世上独一无二的事物the指类别the特指被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物复数可数名词说话双方所默认的人或事物不可数名词前泛指人或事物零冠词指类别三、不定冠词的用法1. 在叙述时用于第一次提到的某人或某物。
This is a book. 这是一本书。
2. 泛指人或事物的某一类别，以区别其他种类。
A plane is a machine that can fly. 翻译：___3. 泛指某人或某物。
A girl is waiting for you. 翻译：___4. 用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前，有“每一”的意思，相当于every。
80 kilometers an hour,_______________ five lessons a week _______________ twice a month____5. 用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前，表示“一阵，一份，一类，一场”等。
There’ll be a strong wind in South China. 翻译：___6. 用于某些固定词组中。
a few/ little / bit (一点儿), have a swim / walk / talk / look / drink / rest = swim/ walk / talk / look / rest,have a cold (感冒), have a good time (玩得高兴), in a hurry (匆忙), for a while (一会儿), keep a diary (写日记), do sb a favor (帮助某人)7. 用于可视为一体的两个名词前。
专题01 冠词(解析版)
专题01冠词【考点一】泛指用不定冠词a/an1.（2019·新疆）Is that post office? No, it’s old library.A．the; a B．a; an C．an; a D．an;【答案】B【解析】句意：那是一家邮局吗？不，它是一家旧图书馆。
第一空表示泛指，post以辅音音素开头，所以用a；排除ACD；一个旧图书馆，old 是元音音素开头，所以用an，根据题意，故选B.。
2．（2019·黑龙江）“________ apple a day keeps the doctor away.” is ________ useful saying .A．An; an B．An; a C．A; a【答案】B【解析】句意：“一天一个苹果，医生远离我”是一个有用的谚语。
第一空处译为“一个”。
且apple为元音音素开头，用an，排除C；第二空处译为“一个”，且useful为辅音音素开头，用a，故选B。
【点睛】不定冠词a，an与one 同源，表示微弱的“一”的概念，但并不强调数量，用来表示不特定的人或事物。
a用于辅音音素开头的词前；an用于元音音素开头的词前。
a university 一所大学 a European country一个欧洲国家an unfinished task一项未完成的任务an honest person一个诚实的人【巧记】1. 在以元音字母开始的单词之前，使用anan elephant an umbrella an obvious mistake2.在以辅音字母开始的单词之前，使用aa boy a red apple a steel worker3.在发音以元音开头的缩写或单个辅音字母前，使用an （口蜜腹剑）an SOS call an MP3 file an “x”4.在单词开头带未发音的h或其它字母前，使用an (隔山打牛)an hour later an honest explanation a European city5.在单词开头带“u”并发字母U本身音的单词前，使用a (U形大法)a university a unique opportunity【考点二】特指只能用the3.（2019·浙江）Peter, shall we go for a picnic this Sunday?OK. Let's add it to _____________ weekend plan.A.aB.anC.theD.／【答案】C【解析】句意：彼得，这个星期天我们去野餐好吗？好的，让我们把它加入周末计划吧。
专题01 冠词【复习课件】-2023年中考英语二轮复习
surprise
➢ 冠词的基本用法
名词是秃子,常要戴帽子。 可数名词单,须用a或an, a在辅音前,an用元音前。 特指双熟悉,上文已提及; 世上独有的,序数最高级; 习语及乐器,均用定冠the。 复数不可数,泛指the不见, 碰到代词时,冠词不出现。
特殊记
①以不发音的辅音字母开头的单词用 an: an hour, an honor, an honest man(巧记口诀：An hour ago, an honest man accepted an honorable task.) ②首字母缩略语前用a/an取决于第一个字母的发音，发 音以元音音素开头的字母有： a, e, f, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, x (巧记口诀：Mr. Li has one fox.)
• 2. 常见的以元音字母开头的单词用a/an的情况：
A a an apple, an actor, an article, an African country E e a European country, an expensive car I i an important part, an invitation O o an outgoing person, a one-legged man
2. (2022遂宁) There is __a__ useful robot in the restaurant near my home.
3. (2022达州) Natalia, a__n___ exchange student from Spain, is _a___ university student in Henan now.
专题一名词和冠词
专题一名词和冠词一、名词的可数与不可数1．英汉两种语言关于数的概念的不同(1)汉语中认为可数而英语中不可数的名词有：advice, bread, clothing, furniture, information, homework, luggage/baggage(行李), money, news, paper(纸)等。
(2)英语中有时可用做可数名词而汉语中认为不可数的词有：coffee, noise 等。
(3)汉语意思相当而英语用法有别的名词有：laughter 笑声(不可数)/a laugh 一阵笑声，money 钱(不可数)/ a note 一张纸币/two dollars 两美元，work 工作(不可数)/a job 一份工作等。
2．同一名词的可数与不可数有些名词在词义发生变化时，可数与不可数也会随之发生变化。
这种变化通常有以下几种情形：(1)物质名词在转化为表示具体的人或物的名词时，后者就是可数的。
①从原料到制成品。
例如：glass 玻璃—two glasses 两只玻璃杯/a pair of glasses 一副眼镜paper 纸—two papers 两份报纸(试卷、文件、论文)cloth 布—two cloths 两块台布(抹布)iron 铁—two irons 两个熨斗②转化为与物质名词相关的其他物品或动物。
例如：light 光—two lights 两盏灯chicken 鸡肉(不可数)——two chickens 两只小鸡lamb 羊肉(不可数)—two lambs 两只羊羔some fish 一些鱼肉—some fish 几条鱼(单复数同形)③表示物质名词的种类。
例如：cloth 布—various cloths 各种布tea 茶—various teas 各种茶silk 丝—various silks 各种丝绸some fruit 一些水果—some fruits 几种水果some fish 一些鱼肉—some fishes 几种鱼(在现代英语中，some fish 也可表示几种鱼的概念) ④表示事件或在特定场合(如酒吧，餐厅等)表示具体的量。
高考英语语法复习课件【1】第一讲 冠词
on the earth
在地球上，在世上
take place 发生
take the place of
代替
two of us 我们当中的两人
the two of us
我们两人共计两人
out of question 毫无疑问，一定
out of the question
不可能
on the whole＝in general 大体上，一般地
大，使用时要特别注意。以下是常见的容易混淆的短 语：
at table 进餐
at the table
在桌子旁
in hospital 住院
in the hospital
在医院里
by sea 乘船由海路
by the sea
在海边
go to sea 当水手
go to the sea
去海边
on earth 究竟
to tell(you) the truth 说实话，老实说 not in the least(＝not at all) 一点也不 make the most/best of 充分利用 in the way 挡路 on the right/left 在右/左面 三、用零冠词的常考习语 ahead of time 提前 under repair 在修理之中 by mistake 错误地 by law 根据法律
as
a
whole＝altogether
全部地，整体
a number of 许多
the
number
of
……的数目
in front of 在……外部的前面
in the front of
在……内部的前面
for a moment 一会儿
英语第一部分板块一专题一冠词
The usage of zero articles in fixed collocations
Common Collocations
Zero article is used in common collocations that have become fixed expressions, such as "in hospital" and "go to university".
The usage of indefinite articles in fixed collocations
Example
"Have a nice day!"
In this expression, "have a nice day" is a fixed collocation that means "I wish you a pleasant day." The indefinite article "a" is used here as part of the fixed expression.
Abstract Nouns
Zero article is used with abstract nouns that cannot be counted, such as "happiness", "knowledge", and "failure".
Titles and Positions
Zero article is used with titles and positions that are not preceded by a possessive adjective or a specific noun, for example, "He is the president of the company" instead of "He is a president of the company".
语法_1
易混点总结
• 一、抽象名词具体化时，被具体化的名词可能会与a/an连 用。如： • a heavy rain 一场大雨 a surprise一场意外的事 • a pleasure 一件乐事 a success/failure一个成功的人/失 败的人/事 a pressure 一种压力 • an unforgettable experience 一次难忘的经历 • His new book was a great success他的新书获得了巨大的 成功 • oh, john. what a pleasant surpurise you give us!噢，约翰。 你给了我们一个多么大的惊喜呀！
• • • •
• • • • • • • •
定冠词用法 1、用在姓氏复数前，表示一家人。 The Greens are at table.格林一家在吃饭。 2、用在年代，朝代名词及逢十的数次（表示某个年代） 前 The Tang Dynasty唐朝 The Spring and Autumn Period.春秋时期 In the 1990’s 在20世纪90年代 3、用在表度量单位名词前，表示“每一” I have hired the car by the hour(每小时/按小时计算) 我已按小时租了这辆车. Eggs are sold by the dozen(每打). 鸡蛋论打卖
• 四、表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词，前面一般加定冠词， 但如果此类名词有修饰成分，也可以加a/an.如： • the moon月球 a full moon一轮满月 • 五、牢记一些常见的纯不可数名词，如weather天气，fun, • space太空，advice建议，word=news消息，progress进 步，information信息，news,以上不可数名词绝对不能与不
江苏省无锡市高三英语总复习教案(艺考生)：专题一冠词教师版
冠词的用法概述【知识要点】冠词是一种虚词，无词义，也没有数和格的变化，不能独立使用，常常放在名词前，帮助说明这个名词的意义。
复习冠词须把握好以下三个原则：其一：单数可数名词用不定冠词a/an表示泛指；其二：复数可数名词及不可数名词表示泛指时，其前不加冠词；其三：无论可数名词还是不可数名词，表示特指其前都要加定冠词the。
一、不定冠词的用法1.不定冠词表示数量“一”，与one相近。
如：I will finish this work in a day.我一天就要完成这项工作。
2.不定冠词用在首次提到的人或物之前，表示泛指。
如：There is a park on the corner of the street.在这条街的拐角处有个公园。
3.不定冠词用在单数可数名词前，表示一类人或事物。
如：A teacher must love his students.教师必须热爱学生。
4.不定冠词表示单位，有“每一”之意。
如：This cloth is 5 yuan a meter 这种布料5元一米。
5.不定冠词用在物质名词、抽象名词之前，表示“一阵，异常，一种……”等等，也可以表示引起某种情绪的事，即抽象名词具体化使用。
如：Honesty is a virtue. 诚实是一种美德。
It’s a pity that you missed this chance.你错过这次机会是件很遗憾的事。
6.不定冠词用在人名前，表示说话者对此人不认识，相当于a certain，也可以指与某人名有类似性质的人或物。
如：A Mr Wang came to see you this morning.今天早上一位王先生来找过你。
7.用在有名词中的地名前，表示“一个……样的地方”。
如：8.用在带有修饰词的、表示三餐饭的名词之前，表示“一顿……的午（晚）饭”等。
如：He likes to have a quick breakfast. 他喜欢吃快早餐。
专题一冠介代名
专题一：冠词介词名词代词【命题人：李斌冯翠】冠词：技巧一利用冠词的泛指与特指解题1.I can‟t tell you _____ way to the Wilsons‟ because we don‟t have _____ Wilson here in the village.A.the; aB. a; /C. a; theD. the; /技巧二利用冠词的固定搭配解题1.People develop _____ preference for a particular style of learning at _____ early age and these preferences affect learning.A.a; anB. a; 不填C. 不填; theD. the; an技巧三利用抽象名词具体化解题1.Being able to afford _____ drink would be _____ comfort in those tough times.A.the; theB. a;aC. a;不填D.不填；a介词：技巧一利用介词词义辨析解题1.It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life _____ his great wealth.A.withoutB. despiteC. inD. to技巧二利用介词的习惯用法解题1.The Smiths are praised _____the way they bring up their children.A.fromB. byC. atD. for代词：技巧一利用代词的语境解题1.You can ask anyone for help. _____ here is willing to lend you a hand.A.OneB. No oneC. EveryoneD. Someone技巧二利用代词的固定句型解题1.Susan made _____ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.A.thatB. thisC. itD. her技巧三利用代词代指的数量解题1.----When shall I call, in the morning of afternoon?----_____ I‟ll be in all day.A.AnyB. NoneC. NeitherD. Either名词：技巧一利用名词的熟词生义解题1.While she was in Paris, she developed a _____ for fine art.A.wayB. relationC. tasteD. habit技巧二利用固定搭配解题1.The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great _____ in this city.A.quantityB. progressC. productionD. demand小练习一．单选1.-----How do you like _____ black tea?------Very nice. I‟d care for _____ second cup.A.the; aB. the; theC. /; aD. /; the2.It is said that _____ wool produced in Australia is of ____ high quality.A./; /B. the; /C. the; aD.the; the3.I can‟t remember when exactly I bought _____ book written by Guo Jingming. I only remember it was _____ Monday.A.the; theB. a; theC. a; aD. the; a4.In Beijing, although there is a good public transport system, ______ private car is still becoming _____popular means of transportation.A./; theB. the; aC. /; /D. /; the5.You‟d better not stay here because it‟s _____ the visiting hours.A.duringB. atC. beyondD. before6.Tom was over there. His red clothes stood out clearly _____ the snow.A.behindB. forC. againstD. beyond7.My daughter is really _____ Weibo these days; she spends hours on it daily.A.upB. intoC. ontoD. with8.People try to avoid facing the problems they meet, and this _____ creates further problems.A.in shortB. in caseC. in doubtD. in turn9.Our teacher thinks _____ necessary to have a relaxation after studying for a long time.A.thatB.itC. thisD. him10.The head office of the iPhone Company is in Carnifornia, but it has ____ all over the world.paniesB. branchesC. organizationsD. businesses11.The naughty boy stepped on my glasses just now and it is badly out of _____.A.dateB. shapeC. orderD. balance12.----Have you figured out how much the trip will coast?----＄4,000, or ____ like that.A.anythingB. everythingC. somethingD. nothing13.The Smiths don‟t usually like stay at _____ hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by ____ sea.A./;aB. the;theC. /;theD. the;a14.Everything comes with _____ price; there is no such ____ thing as a free lunch in the world.A.a;aB.the; /C. the; aD. a; the15.It‟s ____ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai WORLD Expo that gives them _____pleasure.A./; aB. a;/C. the; aD. a; the二．阅读理解A“Good evening, everybody!” said the teacher, Donna. “Where is everybody?” That was sort of a daily joke by Donna. Usually the class started with only two or three students present, and then filled up as the minutes went by. It was summertime. Summer school was only eight weeks long. Class attendance was always smaller than during fall and spring semesters.“I don‟t know, teacher. Maybe they late or no come,” said one student. “Maybe watching TV football tonight.”“Is there a soccer game tonight? It seems like there‟s a soccer game every night. Oh, well. Let‟s get started, okay? We‟re on page 36 in the workbook. Tonight we‟re studying participles as adjectives. Students are always confused when they learn about the present and past participles, so we will practice this a lot. Tonight, we‟re just going to practice the present participle.“The present participle tells us what emotion or feeling the subject is causing. For example, …Grammar is boring‟ means that the subject—grammar—causes an emotion of boredom. If we say, …The movie is interesting,‟ we are saying that the movie causes a feeling of interest. If we say, …The roller coaster is exciting,‟ we are saying that the roller coaster causes a feeling of excitement. Any questions so far? Am I confusing you? Is everyone confused?”The classroom was quiet. Donna looked at blank faces. They were confused. She knew this would take a while. But eventually, the faster students would grasp it, and then they would help the slower students. By the end of the evening, most of the class would feel comfortable using the present participle.Donna erased the board and put some new examples on it. She loved guiding her students through difficult topics like this one. She always felt a little bit thrilled when the look of understanding came to their faces.1. Which can be the best title for this passage?A. English GrammarB. English Is ConfusingC. Evening SchoolD. Late for English Class2. In which semesters are there more students?A. Spring and summerB. Fall and summer.C. Spring and winter.D. Fall and spring.3. From the passage we can learn that __________.A. students were quick in learning grammarB. most students were interested in grammarC. it takes time for the students to learn grammarD. it is easy for some of the students to understand grammar4. In what way did the teacher explain the grammar?A. By telling stories.B. By asking questions.C. By giving examplesD. By writing down more sentences.5. What happened at last?A. Almost every one of the students understood the grammar rule.B. The teacher became bored of teaching.C. The students found themselves slow in learning present participles.D. Most of the students felt comfortable in the classroom.BFloods are second only to fire as the most common of all natural disasters. They occur almost everywhere in the world, resulting in widespread damage and even death. Consequently, scientists have long tried to perfect their ability to predict floods. So far, the best that scientists can do is to recognize the potential for flooding in certain conditions. There are a number of conditions, from deep snow on the ground to human error, that cause flooding.When deep snow melts it creates a large amount of water. Although deep snow alone rarely causes floods, when it occurs together with heavy rain and sudden warmer weather it can lead to serious flooding. If there is a fast snow melt on top of frozen or very wet ground, flooding is more likely to occur than when the ground is not frozen. Frozen ground or ground that is very wet and already saturated with water cannot absorb the additional water created by the melting snow. Melting snow also contributes to high water levels in rivers and streams. Whenever rivers are already at their full capacity of water, heavy rains will result in the rivers overflowing and flooding the surrounding land.Rivers that are covered in ice can also lead to flooding. When ice begins to melt, the surface of the ice cracks and breaks into large pieces. These pieces of ice move and float down the river. They can form a dam in the river, causing the water behind the dam to rise and flood the land upstream. If the dam breaks suddenly, then the large amount of water held behind the dam can flood the areas downstream too.Broken ice dams are not the only dam problems that can cause flooding. When a large human-made dam breaks or fails to hold the water collected behind it, the results can be devastating. Dams contain such huge amounts of water behind them that when sudden breaks occur, the destructive force of the water is like a great tidal wave. Unleashed dam waters can travel tens of kilometers, cover the ground in meters of mud and debris, and drown and crush every thing and creature in their path.Although scientists cannot always predict exactly when floods will occur, they do know a great deal about when floods are likely, or probably, going to occur. Deep snow, ice-covered rivers, and weak dams are all strong conditions for potential flooding. Hopefully, this knowledge of why floods happen can help us reduce the damage they cause.6. How does deep snow cause flooding?A. Too much rain causes flooding.B. Sudden warm temperatures combined with heavy rains causes flooding.C. Freezing water causes flooding.D. Melting snow causes flooding.7. A broken human-made dam is compared to what?A. Overflowing.B. A broken ice dam.C. A tsunami.D. A tidal wave.8. Which of the following best describes how a frozen river can cause a flood?A. The ice in the river cracks causing the water to overflow.B. The water behind the ice dam collects and when the dam breaks, it causesflooding upstream.C. The ice in the river melts too quickly and causes a flood.D. The ice in the river cracks into pieces that eventually create a dam causing thewater to overflow.9. Why does saturated ground contribute to flooding problems?A. The ground forms a kind of dam.B. It remains frozen.C. The ground is too hard, so the water runs off.D. The ground cannot absorb more moisture.10. What is the best title of the passage?A. Snow WaterB. The Causes of FloodsC. How Ice Is Formed in RiversD. Dam Can Be Destroyed by Icy Water三．短文改错Dear David,I have been expected to travel to the UK. Thus, I can experience the English culture personal. I‟m writing to ask for some advices. My family plan to travel there during a coming winter vacation. We were to spend a week in London, where is a large city, and this is the first time for us to travel abroad. I want to know what places of interest there is worth seeing. Can you offer to me some suggestions and recommend some attractions? I would appreciate if you could reply to me soon. I‟m also looking forward to see you in London.YoursLi Hua。
高中语法复习专题一--名词和冠词
专题一名词和冠词（一）名词知识点一名词的数1.可数名词单数变复数的规则(1)一般在名词词尾直接加s。
friend朋友→friends nation国家→nations interest兴趣→interestschange变化→changesmember成员→memberspainting油画→paintings(2)词尾是s，x，ch，sh时一般加es。
bus公共汽车→buses fox狐狸→foxes coach教练→coaches bush灌木丛→bushes 注意：stomach(胃部)等词的复数形式是在词尾直接加s。
(3)词尾是辅音字母＋y时，变y为i再加es。
enemy敌人→enemies hobby业余爱好→hobbies difficulty困难→difficulties 词尾是元音字母＋y时，直接加s。
guy家伙→guys key钥匙→keys(4)词尾是f或fe时，多将f或fe变为ves。
shelf架子→shelves knife刀子→knives wolf狼→wolves calf牛犊→calves housewife家庭主妇→housewives(5)词尾是o的名词，有些直接加s，有些加es。
bamboo竹子→bamboos tomato番茄→tomatoes potato土豆→potatoes实录：名词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语、状语、同位语以及称呼语，但不能作谓语。
记法：规则变化名词单数变复数，直接加-s占多数；s，x，z，ch，sh来结尾，直接加上-es；词尾是f或fe，加-s之前先变ve；辅母＋y在词尾，把y变i再加-es；词尾字母若是o，常用三个已足够，要加-es请记好，hero, tomato, potato。
2.常用特殊名词的复数形式(1)单复数同形的名词sheep绵羊deer鹿aircraft飞行器Chinese中国人Japanese日本人means手段works工厂series系列(2)自身有特殊变化的名词child孩子→childrenman男人→men woman女人→womentooth牙→teet hfoot脚；英尺→feetmouse老鼠→micecriterion标准→criteriaphenomenon现象→phenomenamedium传播媒介→media(3)合成名词的复数变化规则①有中心名词的合成词的复数，是在中心名词后加-s。
2023年人教版中考英语专题复习一冠词课件
A.an；an B.an；a C.a；an
5、 young should take care of old.
A.The；the B.The；an C.A;the
答案：1--5ABACA
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6、We will see even stronger China in near future
A.a；the
③用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词前，表示“每一”，相当于 every或each。 We have eight classes a day.我们每天有八节课
④用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。
The apple is delicious.Can I have a second one? 这苹果很好吃，我能再吃一个吗？
all the time频繁；反复
at the beginning of.在……开始
at the same time同时；一起
by the time.…在……以前
by the end of在（某时间点）以前 the day before yesterday前天
the lay after tomorrow后天
We can’t live without air.我们离不开空气。 I like oranges,but my mother likes apples. 我喜欢橘子，但我妈妈喜欢苹果。
②名词前已有限定词时（指示代词，形容词性物主代词）
There is no pen in your schoolbag.你书包里没有钢笔
in the front of在……（内部）的前邮
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1、The Wandering Earth is such funny movie that I want to see
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专题四冠词考纲要求1.熟知冠词表示泛指和特指的基本用法。
2.掌握冠词的固定搭配以及冠词的一些特殊用法,并能在具体的语境中正确使用冠词。
命题趋势高考对冠词的考查会成为语篇型语法填空和短文改错的重点。
1.对冠词的考查将集中在冠词的基本用法和习惯搭配上。
2.在语法填空中对冠词进行考查时,不给出提示词。
知识全通关考点1不定冠词的用法不定冠词有a和an两种形式,常位于名词或名词的修饰语前。
当紧跟不定冠词的单词的第一个音素为辅音音素时,用a;而当紧跟不定冠词的单词的第一个音素为元音音素时,用an。
注意:判断用a还是an的依据是紧跟不定冠词的词的第一个音素是不是元音音素,而不是该词的第一个字母是不是元音字母。
例 a university student一个大学生例 a European writer一位欧洲作家例an honest boy一个诚实的男孩例an ugly man一个丑陋的人例an 800-metre-long bridge一座800米长的桥典例1From the aspects of culture and history, the Great Wall is _________ancient masterpiece that you can fully enjoy.解析句意:从文化和历史的角度,长城是一个你可以充分欣赏的古代杰作。
ancient的发音是以元音音素开头的,故其前应用an。
答案an1.不定冠词的基本用法★★★(1)表示数量"一"的概念,与one意思相近,但不如one语气强。
例I have a bike. It’s made in Shanghai.我有一辆自行车,它产于上海。
典例2I was invited to attend ________interview for a job as a hotel receptionist.解析句意:我受邀参加了一个招聘宾馆接待员的面试。
设空处位于发音以元音音素开头的名词前,故应用不定冠词an,表示"一个"。
答案an(2)用在可数名词单数前,泛指一类人或事物。
例 A bird has wings. 鸟有翅膀。
例 A teacher shouldn’t talk like that.教师不应当那样讲话。
典例3One thing we can do to help solve this problem is to walk or use____bicycle when possible.解析句意:为了帮助解决这个问题,我们能做的一件事情就是当有可能的时候步行或用自行车。
故答案为不定冠词a,表示泛指。
答案a(3)用来表示不确定的某一个,相当于a certain, some。
例 A Mr. Wang came to see you this morning.今天早上一位王先生来找过你。
(4)表示"每一",相当于per或each。
例The car can run 200 kilometres an hour.这种车每小时能行驶200公里。
(5)用于首次提到的对话一方不知道的人或物前。
例There is a park on the corner of the street.在这条街的拐角处有个公园。
(6)用在物质名词前,表示"一阵,一份,一场,一种"等。
例I’d like to have an ice cream.我想来一份冰激凌。
(7)knowledge,collection, understanding等名词后加of…时,其前常用不定冠词a/an。
例new book is a collection of short stories.她的新书是一部短篇小说集。
典例4Li Hua has_____good knowledge of English and this will be an advantage over others in finding_________proper job.解析句意:李华精通英语,这将是他在找一份合适的工作方面优于别人的地方。
have a good knowledge of表示"精通……,非常熟悉……"; a proper job表示"一份合适的工作",两个空均用不定冠词a。
答案a; a2.不定冠词的习惯搭配★★★as a result因此as a rule通常as a whole总体上as a matter of fact事实上at a loss不知所措in a hurry匆忙in a word总之in a sense在某种意义上in a way在某种程度上in a short while不久keep an eye on照看,留意pay a visit to拜访put an end to结束once in a while偶尔once upon a time从前all of a sudden突然典例5My son is in _____hurry to leave anyway.解析句意:反正我儿子急着要离开。
根据句意可知此处使用了in a hurry这个固定短语,表示"匆忙"。
3. 不定冠词的活用★★★(1)不定冠词可以用于某些具体化的抽象名词前,可以具体化的抽象名词有shame, surprise, pleasure, honour, success, help, beauty, failure等。
例It’s a pleasure for me to work with you.和你一起工作我非常高兴。
例She was a famous beauty in her youth.她年轻时是个有名的美人。
(2)表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前一般加定冠词the,但如果名词前有修饰语,可用不定冠词。
例the world, a peaceful world; the moon, a bright moon。
(3)不定冠词用于序数词前表示"又一,再一",相当于another。
例Can you give me a second apple, please?请问你能再给我一个苹果吗?答案a(4)表示一日三餐的名词和专有名词前如果有形容词修饰,也可用不定冠词。
例I had a wonderful supper yesterday.昨天我吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。
例It is now a different China from what it was twenty years ago.现在的中国是一个与二十年前不同的国家了。
(5)"a most+形容词"表示"很……", most在此不表示最高级含义,为"很,非常"的意思,相当于very,而"the+most+多音节形容词"为多音节形容词的最高级形式,表示"最……"。
例This is a most interesting film.这是一部非常有趣的电影。
例This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最有趣的一部电影。
深化拓展不定冠词的特殊位置1.如果名词前用了many,such 等具有限定意义的词或表示感叹的what 等词,a(an)必须放在这些词后面,语序为:many/such/what a (an)…例Many a worker in our factory knows English.我们工厂里有很多工人懂英语。
例I have never read such an interesting book.我从来没读过这么有趣的书。
例What a clever boy he is!他是个多么聪明的男孩啊!2.副词quite和rather同形容词连用修饰名词时,quite要置于不定冠词a/an之前,rather可置于不定冠词a/an之前,也可置于其后。
例It’s quite a small house.这是一所相当小的房子。
例That’s rather a/a rather sudden change.那一变化相当突然。
3.当单数可数名词之前的形容词有so, too, as, how等副词修饰时,a(an) 必须放在形容词之后,词序为:so/too/as/how/…+形容词+a(an)…例She is so good a girl that all the people like her. 她是如此好的女孩,以至于所有人都喜欢她。
考点2定冠词的用法1.定冠词的基本用法★★★(1)表示"特指"。
上文已经提到的人或物,再次提到时在其前加the。
也可指上文未提到但从语境中可判断出谈话双方都知道的人或物。
例He bought a house.I’ve been to the house.他买了幢房子。
我去过那幢房子。
(2)用在可数名词单数前表示一类人或事物。
例The rose is my favourite flower.玫瑰花是我最喜爱的花。
(3)用在被短语或从句修饰的名词前表示特指。
例The young man is the student who I taught 10 years ago.这个年轻人是我十年前教过的学生。
(4)指世界上独一无二的事物。
例The earth goes around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。
(5)用在序数词、形容词/副词最高级以及形容词only,very,same等前面。
例Is this the first time you have visited Beijing?这是你第一次游览北京吗?例He is the tallest in his class.他是他班最高的。
例That’s the very thing I’ve been looking for.那正是我一直在寻找的东西。
典例6Now, years later, this river is one of_____ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.解析后面有形容词的最高级,因此该空填定冠词the。
答案the典例7There’s no such thing as living alone. Never mind if you’re_______only person in your house and have no dog, no cat, not even fish.解析本空后面有"only+单数名词",因此用定冠词the。