2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解A篇--老师版(带答案已校对珍藏版)

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2019届上海高三英语二模汇编--阅读C篇(解析版)

2019届上海高三英语二模汇编--阅读C篇(解析版)

2019届上海高三英语二模汇编--阅读C篇(解析版)2019届高三英语二模汇编——阅读C篇1、2019黄浦二模Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Right now, I am looking at a shelf full of relics, a collection of has-beens, old-timers, antiques, fossils. Right now, I am looking at a shelf full of books. Yes, that’s right. If you have some spare cash (the going rate is about $89) and you are looking to enhance your reading experience, then I highly suggest you consider purchasing an e-reader. E-readers are replacing the books of old and I welcome them with open arms (as you should).An e-reader is a device that allows you to read e-books. An e-book is a book-length publication in digital form, consisting of text, images or both, and produced on, published through and readable on computers or other electronic devices. Sometimes the equivalent of a conventional printed book, e-books can also be born digital. The Oxford Dictionary of English defines the e-book as “an electronic version of a printed book”, but e-books can and do exist without any printed equivalent.E-readers put printed books to shame. E-readers are superior to printed books because they save space, are environmentally friendly and provide helpful reading tips and tools that printed books do not.The average e-reader can store thousands of digital books,providing a genuine library at your fingertips. What is more, the e-reader itself is very small. It is easy to hold and can fit in a pocketbook or briefcase easily. This makes handling wooden giant such as War and Peace and Anna Karenina a breeze. Perhaps the only drawback to the space-saving aspect of an e-reader is that it requires you to find new things to put on your shelves.In addition, e-readers are environmentally friendly. The average novel is about 300 pages long. So, if a novel is printed 1000 times, it will use 300,000 pieces of paper. That’s a lot of paper! And for the super bestsellers, these figures increase dramatically. For example, the Harry Potter book series has sold o ver 450 million copies. That’s about 2 million trees! Upon viewing these figures, it is not hard to grasp the severe impact of printed books on the environment. Since e-readers use no trees, they represent a significant amount of preservation in terms of the environment and its resources.Finally, e-readers provide helpful reading tips and tools that printed books do not. The typical e-reader allows its user to adjust letter size, letterform and line spacing. It also allows highlighting and electronic bookmarking.Furthermore, it grants users the ability to get an overview of a book and then jump to a specific location based on that overview. While these are all nice features, perhaps the most helpful of all is the ability to get dictionary definitions at the touch of a finger. On even the most basic e-reader, users can find instant definitions without having to hunt through a physical dictionary.It can be seen that e-readers are superior to printed books. They save space, are environmentally friendly and provide helpfulreading tips and tools that printed books do not. So what good are printed books? Well, they certainly make nice decorations.63. As used in paragraph 1, it can be inferred that “has-beens, old-timers, antiques, fossils”are all words that describe something ____________.A. outdatedB. typicalC. meaningfulD. useless64. Based on information in the passage, it can be inferred that printed books of War and Peace and AnnaKarenina are all ____________.A. superior and dramaticB. dense and environmentalC. awkward and heavyD. significant and resistant65. According to the author, which of the following reading tips and tools are offered by the e-reader?①line spacing customization②the ability to quickly jump to the end of a book③access to a printed dictionary at the touch of a fingerA. ①and ②onlyB. ①and ③onlyC. ②and ③onlyD. ①, ②and ③66. Which of the following sentences from the passage best summarizes the author’s main point?A. “If you have some spare cash(the going rate is about $89)and are looking to enhance your readingexperience, then I highly suggest you consider purchasing ane-reader.”B. “E-readers are replacing the books of old, and I welcome them with open arms (as you should).”C. “An e-reader is a device that allows you to read e-books. An e-book is a book-length publication in digitalform, consisting of text, images, or both, and produced on, published through, and readable on computers or other electronic devices.”D. “E-readers are superior to printed books because they save space, are environmentally friendly, and providehelpful reading tips and tools that printed books do not.”答案:63-66 ACAD难度:中等解析:本文为说明文。

2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解B篇--老师版(带答案已校对珍藏版)

2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解B篇--老师版(带答案已校对珍藏版)

III. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.BKettlebells do not hurt people. People do. A kettlebell will get your respect – the easy way or the hard way. Here is the easy way.1. Get a medical clearance.Get clearance, especially from an orthopedist and a cardiologist. The latter is no joking matter, since kettlebell training can be extremely intense.2. Always be aware of your surroundings.Find a training area with a non-slippery surface on which you are not afraid to drop a kettlebell.The area must be clear of objects you might trip over – including other kettlebells – or that you might hit with a kettlebell. There should be no people or animals in a radius where you could injure them.3. Train barefoot or wear shoes with a flat, thin sole and room for the toes to spread.Training barefoot is superior for health and performance reasons. If you must wear shoes, wear Converse Chuck Taylors, Vibram Five Fingers, or similar shoes that have thin soles and do not pinch the toes together. You have sensory receptors on the bottoms of your feet that make you stronger and improve balance and coordination. Wearing traditional shoes diminishes the ability of these receptors to work properly, and therefore inhibits performance and can increase the risk of injury. Go native.4. Never contest for space with a kettlebell.Do not try to save a rep that has gone wrong. Guide the kettlebell to fall harmlessly, and move out of the way if necessary. And remember, quick feet are happy feet.5. Practice all safety measures at all times.Respect every kettlebell, even the lightest one. Always use perfect form picking up and setting down a kettlebell. The set is not over until the bell is safely parked.6. Keep moving once your heart rate is high.After a hard set, keep moving by walking, shadow boxing, or moving your arms to help your heart pump the blood. Stop only when your heart rate is halfway down to normal. Consider gettinga heart rate monitor.7. Don’t put your spine into flexion during or after training.Forward-bending stretches and slouching after training, harmless as these seem, could injure your back.Unless counter-indicated, back-bending stretches are recommended following training.8. Focus on quality, not quantity.Gray Cook, physical therapist extraordinaire, points out that motor control goes south with fatigue and ―the body will always sacrifice quality for quantity.‖ When you are no longer able to continue with perfect technique, the gig is up.Instruction cannot cover all possible scenarios and there is no substitute for good judgement. Be a responsible adult, not a victim.60.What is probably a kettlebell?A. A domestic appliance.B. An exercise tool.C. A medical device.D. An offensive weapon.61.Which of the following is recommended in the passage?A. Getting the assent of doctors before using a kettlebell.B. Using a kettlebell when no one is in sight.C. Persisting until exhaustion when using a kettlebell.D. Bending your back forward after using a kettlebell.62.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. The passage advises caution.B. A kettlebell comes with a heart rate monitor.C. It is undesirable to stop immediately after you use a kettlebell.D. Going barefoot is better than wearing boots when you use a kettlebell.Keys:60-62 BABIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)Making these easy tasks part of your morning schedule will improve your nutrition, energy, and mood today--and beyond.6:00 a.m.STRETCH IN BEDTry this even before you open your eyes. Lift one arm and begin by stretching each finger, then your hand, then your wrist, and then your whole arm. Move on to the other arm. Then stretch your toes, feet, ankles, and legs. Finally, end with a neck and back stretch that propels you out of bed. You’ve just limbered up your muscles and joints and enhanced blood flow throughout your body, providing a shot of oxygen to all your tissues. Take up the entire length of the bed when you stretch. According to Harvard University psychologist Amy Cuddy, this display of power is typical of a bold person, making you feel more confident all day long.7:00 a.m.EXERCISE A BIT--ON AN EMPTY STOMACHWorking out before you eat, researchers say, encourages your body to burn more fat for energy rather than relying on carbohydrates from food. In a Journal of Physiology study, participants who exercised after breakfast still gained weight (as did a control group who didn’t exercise), but those who exercised on an empty stomach did not. Moreover, research from the University of Vermont shows that the mood-enhancing benefits of a 20-minute workout can last for 12 hours, a boost you’ll want to enjoy all day long.BREAK YOUR FAST TWICEBreakfast is the most important meal of the day, so why not have two? A study published in the journal Pediatric Obesity tracked the weight and breakfast-eating patterns of 584 students over two years. They found that frequent breakfast skippers showed increased odds of becoming overweight or obese compared with those who ate two breakfasts (one at home and one at school).The sensible takeaway: If you eat more in the morning, you’ll be less likely to snack at night, when it’s h arder to burn off calories.8:00 a.m.SEEK OUT GOOD NEWSIn a 2015 study, researchers asked one group of participants to watch just three minutes of positive, solutions-focused news (such as a video of a 70-year-old man who got his certificate after failing the test dozens of times). These participants were 27 percent more likely to report a few hours later that their day had been ―happy‖ than people who watched negative news in the morning. Study author Gielan also cited substantial evidence that negative moods affect workplace performance.Voilà! You’ve improved your state of mind, your health, and your productivity—all before the weekday has even begun. Now you’re ready to conquer your to-do list for today and every day.60. The article is written to ________.A. give professional guidance on keeping fit.B. reveal some research results about health.C. put forward several suggestions for morning routines.D. offer some tips on how to improve workplace performance.61. It is suggested that you should occupy the entire bed when you stretch because it especially _______.A. increases your confidenceB. helps you out of bed easilyC. stimulates your blood circulationD. has an effect out your overall health62. Who is least likely to gain weight according to the article?A. Those who skip breakfast frequently.B. Those who do morning stretching in bed.C. Those who have double breakfasts in the morning.D. Those who have their breakfast before morning exercise.Keys: 60-62 CACIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.BSuppose you’re in a rush, feeling tired, not paying attention to your screen, and you send an email that could get youin trouble.Realisation will probably set in seconds after you’ve clicked ―send‖. You freeze in horrors and burn with shame.What to do? Here are four common email accidents, and how to recover.Clicking “send” too soonDon’t waste your time trying to find out if the receivers has read it yet. Wri te another email as swiftly as you canand send it with a brief explaining that this is the correct version and the previous version should be ignored.Writing the wrong timeThe sooner you notice, the better. Respond quickly and briefly, apologizing for your mistake. Keep the tonemeasured: don’t handle it too lightly, as people can be offended, especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding oftheir culture(i.e. incorrect ordering of Chinese names). Clicking “reply all” unintentionallyYou accidentally reveal(透露)to entire company what menu choices you would prefer at the staff Christmas dinner,or what holiday you’d like to take. In this instance, the best solution is to send a quick, light-hearted apology to explain your awkwardness. But it can quickly rise to something worse, when everyone starts hitting ―reply all‖ to join in a long and unpleasant conversation. In this instance, step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down. Sending an offensive message to its subjectThe most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger. You write an unkind message about someone, intending to send it to a friend, but accidentally send it to the personyou’re discussing. In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry. Explai n your frustrations calmly and sensibly—see it as an opportunity to clear up any difficulties you may have with this person.60. If you have written the wrong name in an email, it is best to _______.A. apologise in a serious mannerB. tell the receiver to ignore the errorC. learn to write the name correctlyD. send a short notice to everyone61. What should you do when an unpleasant conversation is started by your ―reply all‖ email?A. Try offering other choices.B. Avoid further involvement.C. Meet other staff members.D. Make a light-hearted apology.62. What is the passage mainly about?A. Defining email errors.B. Reducing email mistakes.C. Handling email accidents.D. Improving email writing.Keys: 60-62 ABCIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.Caroline LeavittCruel Beautiful WorldSteven PriceBy GaslightGeFeiThe Invisibility CloakTim HarfordMessy85. Which author does NOT tell a story in his / her work listed above?A. Caroline LeavittB. Steven PriceC. GeFeiD. Tim Harford86. Jack is an American who would like everything to be neat and tidy. He loves reading novels with ironic humor and detective stories. He is going to work and live in Beijing for the next three years, and he is very curious about the place he is soon heading to. Which book will he most likely choose to read now?A. Cruel Beautiful WorldB. By GaslightC. The Invisibility CloakD. Messy87. This page is intended for people who want to ______.A. buy newly-published books at a discountB. recommend books to friends and familyC. know what books are worthwhile to readD. understand the current trend in literatureKeys: 85-87 DCCIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)Medicine (TCM)as it is used in the West today.★A clear and trustworthy exploration of five element constitutional acupuncture ★A description of60. The above table and passage is mainly_______.A. an advertisement to persuade people to buy the bookB. a comparison between the five elements and TCMC. an introduction to the author writing this bookD. an introduction to the book on five elements61. People who read the book may find it visually appealing in that_______.A. it is published in traditional ChineseB. the book has the advantage of two colors in printingC. overall revisions keep the material in this book up-to-dateD. Practice Member Price is lower than Regular Price62. Supposing Jack is an AAMA Practice Member and he has bought ten books, how much has he saved compared with Regular Price?A. 215 dollarsB. 105 dollarsC. 195 dollarsD. 150 dollars Keys: 60-62 ABBIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.60. According to the message board, Orion Books ________.A. opposes the reading of original classicsB. is embarrassed for cutting down classicsC. thinks cut-down classics have a bright futureD. is cautions in its decision to cut down classics61. In Mr. Edwards’ opinion, Orion Group is shortening classics to________.A. make them easier to readB. meet a large demand in the marketC. increase the sales of literary booksD. compete with their original versions62. Mr. Crockatt seems to imply that________.A. reading the classic works is a confusing attemptB. shortening the classics does harm to the originalC. publishing the cut-down classics is a difficult jobD. editing the classic works satisfies children’s needsKeys: 60-62CBBIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)60. In Fabric &Styles, which item leaves you with the latest personal choice?A. FabricB. Fly StyleC. Pocket StyleD. Thread Color61. According to the passage, which of the following statements is True?A. The tailor will meet all the requirements on your jeans on condition that you state every detail clearly in your order.B. If the order with wrong measurements has already been processed, nothing can be done tofix the situation.C. Before payment. you'd better check your order in detail and can still make modifications if necessary.D. You will have to wash your jeans upon receipt, because they don't fit perfectly until they shrink a little after washing.62. If you place an overseas order with full payments by PayPal on October 12, you will receive your jeans no later than______.A.Oct. 21B. Oct. 26C. Nov.16D.Nov.20Keys: 60-62 BCDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre and Exhibition TourOverviewShakespeare’s Globe Exhibition is the world’s largest exhibition devoted to Shakespeare. Located beneath the reconstructed Globe Theatre on London’s Bankside,the exhibition explores the remarkable story of the Globe, and brings Shakespeare’s world to life using a range of interactive displays and live demonstrations.Highlights●Tour the reconstructed Globe Theatre and see how plays were staged in Shakespeare’s day●All-day access to the interactive Globe Exhibition●Actors, recordings and interactive displays bring Shakespeare’s world to lifeScheduleApril 23 to October 99:00am to 5:00pm. On Monday, tours run all day. Tuesday to Saturday, last tour departs at 12:30pm and at 11:30am on Sunday due to performances taking place on these days.October 10 to March 3110:00am to 5:00pm.Important note:Rehearsals(排练) will also take place throughout the Theatre Season. Please note that access to the Globe Theatre may be restricted and there may be occasions when the Globe tours are unable to run. When the Globe tours are not available, Rose or Bankside tours can be offered instead. Additional info●Inclusions: Entrance fee and all day access to ExhibitionGuided tour of Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre (maximum 50 people)●Exclusions(不包含项目): Hotel pickup and drop offFood and drinks, unless specifiedPricingClick the link below to check pricing & availability on your preferred travel date. Our pricing is constantly updated to ensure you always receive the lowest price possible - we 100% guarantee it.VIEW PRICING AND A V AILABLE60.The passage can be found ___________.A. in a newspaperB. in a magazineC. on the InternetD. in a guidebook61. In this Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre Tour, we can _________.A. visit the original Globe TheatreB. enjoy a British afternoon tea for freeC. experience Shakespeare’s world in an interactive wayD. visit the exhibition in the Globe Theatre62. What is true about the tour according to the passage?A. Rehearsals may affect the tour.B. The pricing remains the same.C. Performances take place throughout the year.D. The opening hours are the same in May and in November.Keys: 60-62 CCAIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)thedirectorsamazingandyouabsolutely brilliant cartoon comedy.brainyprotectrabbits.However,Vegetablebeginsthe vegetables and destroying everything in itspath.60. In the film review, what is paragraph A mainly about?A. The introduction to the leading rolesB. The writer’s opinion of actingC. The writer’s comments on the storyD. The background information61. According to the film review, ―the monster‖ (paragraph B) refers to ______.A. a gun-crazy hunterB. a brainy dogC. a scary rabbitD. a giant vegetable62. Which of the following is a reason why the writer recommends the film?A. It’s full of wit and humour.B. Its characters show feelings without words.C. It is an adventure film directed by Peter Sallis.D. It is about the harmony between man and animals.Keys: 60-62 DCAIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)60. The restaurant owners influence the customers’ choice through ___________.A. Fast-paced music in the restaurantB. Color pictures on the menuC. Colorful decorations on the wallD. Elaborate menus for the customers61. According to the passage, which name can best promote the sales of the dish?62. Where can you probably find this article?A. A general-interest magazine.B. A linguistic scholarly journal.C. A menu from a restaurant.D. A guidebook on cooking. Keys: 60-62 DBA。

2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解B篇

2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解B篇
2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解B篇
学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________
一、阅读选择
Kettlebells do not hurt people. People do. A kettlebell will get your respect – the easy way or the hard way. Here is the easy way.
4. Never contest for space with a kettlebell.
Do not try to save a rep that has gone wrong. Guide the kettlebell to fall harmlessly, and move out of the way if necessary. And remember, quick feet are happy feet.
7. Don’t put your spine into flexion during or after training.
Forward-bending stretches and slouching after training, harmless as e seem, could injure your back.
5. Practice all safety measures at all times.
Respect every kettlebell, even the lightest one. Always use perfect form picking up and setting down a kettlebell. The set is not over until the bell is safely parked.

2019上海高考压轴卷英语附答案解析

2019上海高考压轴卷英语附答案解析

绝密★启封前2019上海高考压轴卷英语考生注意:1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第I卷(第1-12页)和第II卷(第13页),全卷共13页。

所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上,做在试卷上一律不得分。

答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。

第I卷(共103分)Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.He knows who is knocking. B.He is eager to know who it is.C.He doesn’t want to open the door. D.He is ready to open the door.2.A.By plane. B.By bus. C.By taxi. D.By train.3.A.$100. B.$200. C.$300. D.$400.4.30.A.She went to cinema. B.She went to an exhibition.C.She stayed at home. D.She stayed with her classmates.5.A.In a doctor’s office. B.In a professor’s office.C.In an operating room. D.In an emergency ward.6.A.The man paid the tuition for learning physics. B.The man got a lot of money for his hard work.C.His hard work was not rewarding at all. D.His work before the test led to a good result.7.A.A furnished house. B.A recent book. C.A further study. D.A new record.34.A.They will go swimming. B.They will climb mountains.C.They will buy some clothes. D.They will forecast the weather conditions.8.A.He has another lecture to attend.B.He has no interest in the lecture.C.He’s attended the same lecture given by Professor Wilson before.D.He might miss the lecture, if the woman didn’t remind hi m.9.A.She fully agrees with the man. B.They are uncertain about the weather.C.She disagrees with the man. D.She thought the man was always late.10.A. She fully agrees with the man.B. They are uncertain about the weather.C. She disagrees with the man.D. She thought the man was always late.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear one longer conversation and two short passages, and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation and the passages. The conversation and the passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following dialogue.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A.People are encouraged to be a craftsman.B.Learning woodworking is not as hard as you think.C.Learning woodworking will help you know more people.D.Taking a class in woodworking will be very helpful.12.A.Because I am a talent in this art and want to share it with others.B.Because I am interested in it and want to show it to others.C.Because I wonder how to pick materials and how to do it well.D.Because it’s a good way to know more people interested in it.13.A.You can expect to do woodworking perfectly the very first time.B.Doing woodworking means being alone for long.C.You can also learn from other people interested in woodworking.D.Taking a class in woodworking costs a lot of money.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14.A.To analyze causes and effects of using a credit card.B.To encourage people to borrow money from banks.C.To let people know the responsibility in using a credit card.D.To present the effect of computers in popularizing the use of credit cards. 15.A.The development of computers.B.People’s greediness for more money.C.People’s needs for less paper money.D.People’s learning to be more responsible.16.A.To learn to be responsible by using credit cards.B.To stop using credit cards and borrow money from friends or relatives. C.To pay money back as fast as possible after using credit cards.D.To stop borrowing money and use your own funds for shopping. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following passage.17.A.A newspaper. B.An advertisement company.C.A cleanup company. D.A market.18.A.She wants to spare more room for something new.B.She wants to turn their old stuff into cash at a low cost.C.She knows that the sales consultant before the man does.D.She just wants to clean up their house.19.A.Rudy is likely to buy their stuff.B.Rudy will come and take their stuff away.C.Rudy plays guitar as well as the man.D.Rudy will help them with the ad and the sale.20.A.His old guitar.B.Their appliances, jewelry, furniture and exercise equipment.C.The spring cleanup sale.D.The low cost of ad and friendly service.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it 21.it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is absolutely dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as tough a training to become a performer as a medical student needs22.(become)a doctor. Most training is concerned23.technique, for musicians have to be as muscularly skillful as an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords(声带)would be inadequate without24.(control)muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow back and forth with the right arm,25.are two entirely different movements.Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists 26.(spare)this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, and it is the piano tuner’s responsibility to tune the instrument for27.. But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string must be dealt with carefully not to sound like drum or bass, and each tone, even if played very fast, has to sound clear.The problem28.(face)student conductors is that they have to learn to know every note of the music and29.it should sound, and they need to aim at controlling these sound with enthusiastic but selfless authority.Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music30.they can enjoy performing works written in any century.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.perspectives B.explore C.qualities D.powerfully E.appreciateF. purposeG. constructiveH.conceptsI.demonstratedJ.motivatedK. recommendationDear Admissions Committee,I had the pleasure of teaching Sara in her 11th grade honors English class at Mark Twain High School. From the first day of class, Sara impressed me with her ability to clearly explain difficult 31.and texts, her sensitivity to the slight differences within literature, and her passion for reading, writing, and creative expression— both in and out of the classroom. Sara is a talented literary critic and poet, and she has my highest 32.as a student and writer.Sara is talented at considering the elegances within literature and the 33.behind authors' works. She produced an extraordinary year-long thesis paper on creative identity development, in which she compared works from three different time periods and synthesized cultural and historical 34.to inform her analysis. When called upon to give her thesis defense in front of her peers, Sara spoke clearly and35.about her conclusions and responded to questions in a thoughtful way. Outside of the classroom, Sara is devoted to her literary pursuits, especially to poetry. She publishes her poetry in our school's literary magazine, as well as in online magazines. She is an insightful, sensitive, and deeply self-aware individual driven to 36.art, writing, and a deeper understanding of the human condition.Throughout the year Sara was an active participant in our discussions, and she always supported her peers. Her caring nature and personality allow her to work well with others in a team setting, as she always respects others' opinions even when they differ from her own. When we held a class debate about gun laws, Sara chose to speak for the side opposite her own views. She explained her choice as37.by a desire to put herself in other people's shoes, view the issues from a new perspective, and gain a clearer sense of the issue from all angles. Throughout the year, Sara 38.this openness to the opinions, feelings, and perspectives of others, along with sharp powers of observation, all 39.that make her outstanding as a student of literature and burgeoning writer.I am certain that Sara is going to continue to do great and creative things in her future. I highly recommend her for admission to your undergraduate program. She is talented, caring, dedicated, and focused in her pursuits. Sara consistently seeks out 40.feedback so she can improve her writing skills, which is a rare and impressive quality in a high school student. Sara is truly a stand-out individual who will impress everyone she meets. Please feel free to contact me if you have any questions at callmeclemens@.Sincerely,Ms. ScribeEnglish TeacherMark Twain High SchoolIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading, but plain and simple 41 .Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we 42 do with it? We gossip. About others' behaviour and private lives, such as who's doing what with whom, who's in and who's out——and why; how to deal with difficult 43 situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural 44 , of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It's not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologistsays gossip is one of these really 45 issues.Dunbar 46 the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar —47 , he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the 48 of the higher primates like monkeys. By means of grooming——cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or 49 from outside it.As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar 50 that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the 51 it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to 52 the pressure and calm everybody down.But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be 53to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more 54 kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one 55 contact. 41.A.claim B.description C.gossip D.language42.A.occasionally B.habitually C.independently D.originally43.A.social B.political C.historical D.cultural44.A.admirers B.masters C.users D.wasters45.A.vital B.sensitive C.ideal D.difficult46.A.confirms B.rejects C.outlines D.broadens47.A.for instance B.in addition C.on the contrary D.as a result48.A.motivation B.appearance C.emotion D.behavior49.A.attack B.contact C.inspection D.assistance50.A.recalls B.denies C.concludes D.confesses51.A.prospect B.responsibility C.leadership D.protection52.A.measure B.show C.maintain D.ease53.A.saved B.extended C.consumed D.gained54.A.common B.efficient C.scientific D.thoughtful55.A.indirect B.daily C.physical D.secretSection BDirection:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In a career that lasted more than half a century, Tom Wolfe wrote fiction and nonfiction best-sellers including The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test and The Bonfire of the Vanities. Along the way, he created a new type of journalism and coined phrases that became part of the American vocabulary.Wolfe began working as a newspaper reporter, first for The Washington Post, then the New York Herald Tribune. He developed a literary style in nonfiction that became known as the “New Journalism.” “I’ve always agreed on a theoretical level that the techniques for fiction and nonfiction are interchangeable,” he said. “The things that work in nonfiction would work in fiction, and vice versa.”“When Tom Wolfe’s voice broke into the world of nonfiction, it was a time when a lot of writers, and a lot of artists in general, were turning inwards,” says Lev Grossman, book c ritic for Time magazine. “Wolfe didn’t do that. Wolfe turned outwards. He was a guy who was interested in other people.” Wolfe was interested in how they thought, how they did things and how the things they did affected the world around them.In 1979, Wolfe published The Right Stuff, an account of the military test pilots who became America’s first astronauts. Four years later, the book was adapted as a feature film. “The Right Stuff was the book for me,” says Grossman. “It reminded me, in case I’d forgotten, that the world is an incredible place.”In The Right Stuff, Wolfe popularized the phrase “pushing the envelope.” In a New York magazine article, Wolfe described the 1970s as “The ‘Me’ Decade.” Grossman says these phrases became part of the American idio m because they were accurate.“He was an enormously forceful observer, and he was not afraid of making strong claims about what was happening in reality,” Grossman says. “He did it well and people heard him. And they repeated what he said because he was ri ght.” All those words started a revolution in nonfiction that is still going on.56. The “New Journalism” is a style of journalism that .A. changes its news writing techniques frequentlyB. popularizes new American idioms in a literary wayC. combines novelistic techniques with traditional reportingD. reports various news events from a theoretical perspective57. It can be learned from the passage that The Right Stuff .A. is a film directed by Lev GrossmanB. is an influential book by Tom WolfeC. accounts for popular American phrasesD. deals with incredible places in the world58. According to the passage, Tom Wolfe .A. was good at reporting news from a realistic perspectiveB. preferred making claims about events to writing booksC. was fond of commenting on other people’s thoughtsD. liked analyzing social problems from the outside59. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Tom Wolfe: A Professional Phrase CoinerB. Tom Wolfe: A Forceful Observer and NovelistC. Tom Wolfe: A Theoretical Creator in LiteratureD. Tom Wolfe: An Innovative Journalist and Writer(B)The idea of using radio or wireless to broadcast to audiences was formed in 1916 by a president of the American Marconi Company, David Sarnoff. His superiors w ere doubtful about his idea to “make radio a household cause, so that by purchase of a ‘radio music box’, the audience could enjoy lectures, music performance, etc.”Four years later the American engineer Frank Conrad, an employee at W E Corp, attracted considerable attention when a local newspaper reported on the growing audience listening on crystal radio sets to his evening and weekend amateur broadcasts. A local music store had provided records to play on the Victoria, and Conrad and his family served as disc jockeys(唱片音乐播音员). Westinghouse vice president Harry Davis asked Conrad to build a more powerful transmitter(发射台)in time to announce the outcome of the next US presidential election. Conrad completed his assignment, and on November 2, 1920, station KDKA in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, broadcast the announcement that Warren G. Harding had been elected president. About 1000 people heard this first news broadcast.Radio communicated news much faster than did newspapers, and because crystal sets were easy to build and inexpensive, radio expanded rapidly in the following years. To stimulate the sale of radio sets, equipment manufactures provided transmitting facilities. Singers, comedians, and entire orchestras volunteered their services for publicity. Theeventual financial basis of the new industry, however, was still unclear. One group in New York City tried to seek contributions from listeners while others urged that private foundations support radio stations as a public service. In August 1922 the first commercial radio advertisement was broadcast on WEAF (now WNBC) in New York City. In 1926, when about 5 million homes had radios, the Radio Corporation of America (RCA), in cooperation with the American Telephone & Telegraph Company, established the first commercial radio network. In the 1920s radio was established as a new mass medium had a practicable industry, and it became a national forum(论坛)for news and popular culture.59.The passage is mainly concerned with _______.A.the contribution of radio to popular cultureB.the invention and uses of radioC.early radio programs for a mass audienceD.the history of radio broadcasting60.Who started broadcasting radio programs to mass audience?A.Frank Conrad B.David Sarnoff C.Harry Davis D.Warren Harding61.After 1920, radio expanded rapidly because _______.A.people could easily get it in stores B.it was cheaper than newspapersC.it had advantages over newspapers D.people were interested in anything new62.By saying that “the eventual financial basis of the new industry was still unclear”, the author means that _______. A.the private foundations were unwilling to support the stationsB.the stations were not sure yet where to get the operational moneyC.advertising and commercial programs could not raise enough moneyD.the listeners would not pay for the broadcasting stations(C)The Earth is facing a climate crisis, but it’s also getting greener and leafier. According to new research, the rise is largely due to China and India.A study by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), based on extensive satellite photographs and published in the journal Nature Sustainability, has revealed that the two countries with the world’s biggest populations are also responsible for the largest increase in greenness.Since 2000, the planet’s green leaf area has increased by 5 percent, or over 2 million square miles. That’s an area equivalent to the sum total of the Amazon rainforests, NASA says. But researchers stressed that the new greenery doesnot neutralize deforestation and its negative impacts on ecosystems elsewhere.A third of the leaf increase is thanks to China and India, due to the implementation of major tree-planting projects alongside a vast increase in agriculture.Using the data from a NASA sensor, researchers discovered that China is the source of a quarter of the increase in green leaf area, despite possessing only 6.6 percent of the world’s vegetated area (植被区). Forests account for 42 percent of that increase, while croplands make up a fu rther 32 percent. China’s increase in forest area is the result of forest preservation and expansion programs, NASA said, established to fight against the impacts of climate change, air pollution and soil erosion (水土流失). India has contributed a further 6.8 percent rise in green leaf area, with 82 percent from croplands and 4.4 percent from forests.Rama Nemani, a co-author of the study and a researcher at NASA’s Ames Research Center, said in a statement, “When the greening of the Earth was first observed, w e thought it was due to a warmer, wetter climate and fertilization from the added carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, leading to more leaf growth in northern forests, for instance.” “Now, with the data that lets us understand the phenomenon at really small s cales, we see that humans are also contributing,” Nemani said. “This will help scientists make better predictions about the behavior of different Earth systems, which will help countries make better decisions about how and when to take action.”Thomas Pugh, a professor at the University of Birmingham’s School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, said the NASA report expands scientists’ understanding of the causes behind global greening. But he also cautioned that a direct line cannot be drawn between an increase in global greening and a decrease in negative impacts of climate change.63. The passage mainly tells us that .A. China and India have the world’s largest green leaf areasB. China and India are the lead role players in global greeningC. our planet is experiencing a climate crisis despite human effortsD. our planet is getting greener due to the joint efforts of the world64. What can be learned about China and India?A. The area of croplands in India is larger than that in China.B. I ndia’s rise in leaf area is largely due to its forestry program.C. They both show a greater increase in forests than in croplands.D. China boasts twenty-five percent of the global rise in leaf area.65. According to Rama Nemani, their new findings are .A. unexpected but significantB. surprising but valuelessC. predictable but disappointingD. uncontrollable but inspiring66. What can be inferred from the passage?A. There is an indirect link between global greening and climate change.B. The new greenery does not have any positive effect on the global climate.C. The gain in greenness does not make up for the damage from loss of leaf area.D. The increase in greening reduces the deforestation rate and its impact globally.Section CDirections : Complete the following passage by using the sentences listed below. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.A. Cleaning your community will have a positive effect on others in society.B. Then find a need or an issue you really care about.C. But they belong to the community, too.D. Living in a clean neighborhood will be its own rewardE. Don’t hesitate to take part in the community’s activityF. Round up some readersCan just one person make a difference? You bet! In a community every person counts, and getting involved is not difficult. Take stock of your own talents and interests. ___67___. Don’t wait for someone else to act first. Take the initiative! Once you see what you can accomplish, you’ll want to k eep going.Here are just a few ways to make a difference in your community. How many more ways can you come up with?Clean up the community. People often throw litter in places where there is already litter. And the problem only becomes worse until someone gets fed up and does something. Could your neighborhood use a cleanup? Neighborhood cleanups are often sponsored by local businesses or schools. But if your community doesn’t have a cleanup program, get together with friends to organize one. You could pick up garbage in a larger area twice a year, or you could clean a smaller area every few months. ___68___.Include the isolated. Do you know anyone who is housebound? Almost all neighborhoods have a few people who have to stay at their homes. These people are often elderly and unable to leave their homes to perform simple tasks. ___69___. By letting them “borrow” your legs and eyes, you can make them feel included. You can run errands for them like shopping or paying bills. They might like you to read to them if their eyesight is failing. Governments provide some of the services these people need, but programs cannot give them friendship; that’s what communities are for!___70___. Reading clubs are popular all over Europe and North America. Members might read at home to prepare for discussion, or they might read aloud to each other and talk about what they just read. Either way, a book or article can spark lively discussion and this often challenges people to take action.Section DDirections : Read the following passage , Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words . Use your own words as far as possible.Are you working with your computer routinely either as a office employee or a game lover? Are your eyes dry, watery, blurry, seeing double or sensitive to light? If your answer is a “yes”, you are likely one of many people today who suffer from digital eyestrain, also called computer-vision syndrome. What on earth is this syndrome coming from?What can we do to deal with this problem?Eyestrain is often related to the amount of exposure to screens, the distance from eyes to screens and the use of multiple screens simultaneously. However, studies have also shown that the blue light produced by digital devices today reaches further into the eyes than other kinds of light. This light actually assists attention during the day but can result in interrupted sleep patterns at night.Years of scientific researches indicate that eyestrain isn’t necessarily an unavoidable problem for those who deal with computer work in the daily base. There are ways you can adopt which can overcome the problem considerably. To begin with, your computer screen should be high-resolution (高分辨率), at least 50 centimeters wide diagonally and may require a screen filter to decrease reflections. Also, be aware that “computer glasses”, which cut down glare and blue light,are available.Besides, to reduce your risk for computer-vision syndrome, take frequent breaks during your computer workday. Many workers take only two 15-minute breaks from their computer throughout their day. According to a recent study, eyestrain are significantly reduced when computer workers take four additional five-minute “mini-breaks” throughout their workday. Finally, many of us fall into bad habits while using digital screens, which only worsen the effects of eyestrain. While viewing digital screens, many people blink (眨眼) one third less often than they usually do. Place a reminder on your computer to “blink” so that your eyes don’t dry out.第II卷(共47分)I.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 远足是我们接触大自然的最简单方式之一。

完整word版解析2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编 语法填空原卷版

完整word版解析2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编 语法填空原卷版

2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编语法填空II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Chinese actress Fan Bingbing has been fined for tax evasion, state media reported. It is the first public pronouncement about the star she mysteriously disappeared from public view in June._____1_____According to state-run news agency Xinhua, Fan has been ordered to pay almost $130 million, after shemisreported how much money she (receive) for certain film projects, using so-called yin-yang_____2_____contracts to conceal the authorities her true remuneration () and avoid millions of dollars in taxes._____3_____薪酬Fan and companies related to her were ordered to pay around $42 million in late taxes and fees, along with a fineof $86 million.Because she was first-time offender, the government said criminal charges would not be filed_____4_____against her if she pays all the money by an undisclosed deadline, Xinhua reported.Fan's disappearance from public view sparked widespread speculation she had been detained by_____5_____the authorities. Xinhua said she had been under investigation by tax authorities in Jiangsu province, but _____6_____didn't provide any details on her current whereabouts.In a letter (post) on social media, Fan, 37, apologized profusely and repeatedly to the public and_____7_____government.As a public figure, I should have abided by laws and regulations, and been a role model in the industry andsociety, she said. I shouldn't have lost self-restraint or become lax in managing my companies, led to _____8_____the violation of laws, in the name of economic interests.Without the favorable policies of the Communist Party and state, without the love of the people, there have been no Fan Bingbing, she added._____9_____Her case was clearly designed as a warning to other high profile celebrities, with the State Administration of1Taxation saying it had launched a campaign (recover) all back taxes in the entertainment industry._____10_____II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirectionsAfter reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and :grammatically correct. Forthe blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Ms. Angela McQueen, a math and PE teacher at Mattoon High School, Illinois, has a routine whenshe's onlunch-monitoring duty. She ___11___ (keep) an eye on the hundreds of students in her charge by walking laps() 圈around the school cafeteria.In September 2017, McQueen, then 40, had hardly finished one lap ___12___ a 14-year-old freshman standingnot far from her pulled out a gun. She knew too well that he was going to start shooting.School employees ___13___ (train) on how to handle active shooters: Attack their ability___14___ (aim). Sowith the shooter's finger on the trigger, McQueen rushed to him. ___15___ (grab) at his arm, she forced the gun intothe air, but not ___16___ he struck one student in the hand and chest and hurt another. As students ran for the exits,McQueen defeated the shooter with help from the school resource officer, ___17___ disarmed the student and tookhim into imprisonment until police arrived minutes later. Afterward, McQueen went outside to give hugs and supportto her shaken students.“It's the mama-bear instinct,”she told the local paper. “I don't have kids of my own, but these are still‘___18___' kids.”_______19_______ McQueen, a story that has played out tragically at far too many schools across the countryhad a relatively happy ending. “If it hadn't been for her, the situation would have been a lot different,”Police ChiefJeff Branson said at a news conference.As one ___20___ (impress) student told CBS News, “Mr. McQueen is our heroin.”II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word thatbest fits each blank.2Best News Ever: Researchers Confirm Chocolate Is Good for Your Brain Sure, chocolate is a delicious treat, and it's a staple of some of our favorite desserts. But it's not exactly a healthfood, so it should be enjoyed in moderation—right? Well, it turns out that _____21_____(eat) chocolate mightactually have a pretty significant health benefit. According to recent research _____22_____(conduct) by fivescientists in Italy, compounds found in chocolate, called flavanols (), can help boost cognitive () 认知的黄烷醇performance. Yes, chocolate's good for your brain. The scientists, studying at the Universities of Rome and L'Aquila,_____23_____ (record) research from 10 different studies. The studies assessed people's performance on cognitivetests before and after eating cocoa or chocolate. The results were telling: in 9 out of the 10 studies, there was anoticeable improvement _____24_____ the subjects had eaten the chocolate. The scientists found improvements in“general cognition, attention, processing speed, and working memory.”Sounds pretty good to us! And that's not all. In subjects, especially women, who performed the tests while sleep-deprived, the flavanolshelped “counteract”the negative effects of the sleep deprivation. And there's even more good news. _____25_____(take) daily over periods ranging from five days to three months, chocolate can produce noticeable long-termimprovements in cognition. Older adults, ____26____ memories were already declining, saw an especiallysignificant improvement.All chocolate has flavanols, since they occur naturally in cocoa. However, dark chocolate lovers, are happier,_____27_____ it has more flavanols than any other type of chocolate. In fact, the scientists_____28_____ haveclaimed that, after doing this research, they've started eating dark chocolate every day! Here are some other healthbenefits of eating dark chocolate. Now, we're not saying that you _____29_____ start eating chocolate for breakfast,lunch, and dinner—it's still high in sugar and low in nutrients. But next time you find yourself yawning after asleepless night, snack on some chocolate and let the flavanols work their magic. Go ahead,_____30_____ takeadvantage of chocolate's newfound brainpower with these delicious recipes.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Of the many factors that contribute to poor performance on standardized tests like the SA T, nerves and exhaustion, surprisingly, ___31___ not rank very high. In fact, according to a new paper published in Journal of3Experimental Psychology, a little anxiety –not to mention fatigue –might actually be a very good thing.The study was conducted by psychology professors Phillip Ackerman and Ruth Kanfer. They recruited 239college freshmen, each ___32___ (agree) to take three different versions of the SA T reasoning test___33___ (give)on three consecutive Saturday mornings. The tests would take three-and-a-half hours, four-and-a-half hours andfive-and-a-half-hours, and would be administered in a random order to each of the students. ___34___ (boost) thestress level in the students –who had already taken the SAT in the past and gotten into college –Ackerman andKanfer offered a cash bonus to any volunteers who ___35___ (beat) their high-school score.___36___ the test began on each of the three Saturdays, the students filled out a questionnaire that asked themabout their fatigue level, mood and confidence. They completed the questionnaire again at a break in the middle of thetest and once more at the end. Together, all of these provided a sort of fever chart of the students' energy andanxiety___37___ the experience.When the researchers scored the results, it came as no surprise that volunteers' fatigue and stress rose steadily___38___ the test got longer. ___39___ was unexpected was their corresponding performance: as the length of thetest increased, so ___40___ the students' scores. The average score on the three-and-a-half-hour test was 1209 out of1600. On the four-and-a-half-hour version it was 1222; on the five-and-a-half-hour test it was 1237. IIGrammar and Vocabulary Section A .Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andin each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.People across the world use Airbnb to offer their homes to travelers usually for a nightly fee. Thehome-sharingservice provides some people with a way _____41_____ (makeextra money while they work other jobs.)The company announced recently that one of its _____42_____ (popular) professions among AmericanAirbnb hosts is teaching. The information came from an Airbnb study to find out _____43_____ industries itsAmerican hosts work in.The study found that almost 10 percent of U.S. Airbnb hosts in 2017 identified _____44_____ as teachers or inthe field of education. The home-sharing service estimated it has about 45,000 active teacher hosts in America. Inaddition, the study says there are _____45_____ estimated 75,000 other hosts living in households with a teacher.The study did not provide data from hosts about _____46_____ they choose to become part of Airbnb. But the4company noted that many teachers in America face difficult economic situations. Airbnb says additional earningsfrom hosting _____47_____ help.Some states had even higher rates of teacher hosts than Airbnb's estimated national average. Airbnb spokesmanChristopher Nulty told The Atlantic magazine that the home-sharing industry is not a total solution for the currentproblems _____48_____ (face) many teachers. But he said he thinks Airbnb can be an “important tool”to helpteachers make extra money and give them “the respect and dignity”they have earned.The report on the number of teacher hosts comes as Airbnb _____49_____ (continue) to face opposition byactivists and officials in some areas. U.S. critics of the company say the service is driving up rental market prices inseveral cities. Elected officials in some areas _____50_____ (propose) or approved rules to limit the influence of theservice. Hotel companies have also protested that the business presents unfair competition. IIGrammar and Vocabulary Section A.Direction: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent andin each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Famous Irish poet Oscar Wilde (1854-1900) once wrote: “Ah! Realize your youth while you have it.”He pointedout the important truth about how precious youth is in one's journey through life.However, the popular internet slang word foxi() –or “Buddhist”–_____51_____ (challenge) this norm by 佛系encouraging young people to remain calm and peaceful and avoid conflict as much as possible –in other words, tolive like a Buddha.The phrase _____52_____ (create) in Japan in 2014 to describe young men who no longer bother to startrelationships with women or follow someone else's life path. They prefer to stay in their own peaceful world without_____53_____ (disturb) and care little about passion and success.Now, Chinese internet users are pairing the phrase with other words to describe a similar mindset. For example,“Buddhist students”are those who study just the right amount –they don't cut class, but neither_____54_____ theyburn the midnight oil, either. There are also “Buddhist parents”, who interfere little _____55_____ their children'slives and let them develop _____56_____ they like –the opposite of “helicopter parents”.In this fast-changing and competitive world, it's only natural that people are seeking a spiritual anchor. However, some would compare foxi with “demotivational() culture”–a phrase that describes young people 丧who feel aimless and powerless. They say that foxi actually reflects the reality_____57_____ young people are5losing their will to fight. They are pretending to keep a healthy and wise attitude toward failure simply _____58_____they're incapable of succeeding.But no matter what, there is one thing that “Buddhist youngsters”should keep in mind: You may want to keep acalm mindset regarding failure, but you _____59_____ also be passionate and positive about school, work and life._____60_____ be lost upon you. Be After all, Wilde also wrote: “Live the wonderful life that is in you! Letfraid of nothing.”always searching for new sensations. Be a II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fillin each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Have you ever embarrassed because you forget something important? What kind of things do you have the mosttrouble _____61_____ (remember) ?Mark began to introduce the guest speaker to the audience, but then paused in horror. He had forgotten her name.hid her jewelry when she went on vacation. When she came back, she couldn't remember Barbarashe'd put it.______62______Perhaps you've had experiences like these. Most people have. And, what's worse, most peoplenaware of a simple but important fact: Memory can be developed. ____63____(bow) to a life of forgetting. They're u If you just accept that fact, this book will show you_____64_____it can be improved.your overanxious about remembering something, you'll forget it. Relaxing will enhance First, relax. If you are______65______ you can concentrate.awareness and ability to concentrate. You can't remember anythingSecond, avoid being negative. If you keep telling _____66_____ that your memory is bad, your mind will cometo believe it and you won't remember things. When you forget something, don't say, “Gee, I need to have my brain_____67_____(rewire).”Instead, you need to take an active role.____68____ your body, your memory can be strengthened through exercise. Look for opportunities to exerciseyour memory. For example, if you are learning a language, try to actively remember irregular verbs. You may also want to make associations or links between _______69_______you are trying to remember andthings you already know. For example, if you need to catch a plane at 2:00 p.m., you can imagine a plane in your mindand notice that it has two wings. Two wings =2:00. You are now ten times ________70________(likely) to forget the6take-off time.Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Last year, a report by a committee of education experts said that a lot of American students cannotwrite well.The report noted the concerns of business leaders and teachers. The experts said that more students should have topass a writing test ___71___ they can finish high school. They pointed out that major college entrance tests arechanging now ___72___ (include) a writing part.Educators know that teaching students to write well is not easy. One problem is the amount of time needed toread through large amounts of work. So some companies ___73___ (develop) computer programs. These can gradestudent writing much more quickly than a person can. Writing tests can also cost___74___ (little) to carry out bycomputer than paper-and-pencil. These computer systems are known as e-readers. They use artificial () 人工的intelligence to think in a way___75___teachers. In the state of Indiana, computer grading of a statewide writing testbegan with a test of the system itself. For two years, both a computer and humans graded the student writing. Officialssay there was almost no difference between the computer grades and those given by ___76___ human readers.The entrance test commonly ___77___(use) by business schools, the GMA T, already uses e-readers. The GREand TOEFL tests might start; officials are deciding. The GRE is the Graduate Record Examination. TOEFL is the Testof English as a Foreign Language.Systems ___78___ (use) to grade writing in college classes. The computers read a few hundred examples ofstudent writing already graded by humans. Then the systems compare new writings against those already examined.Some teachers say it can never really understand___79___ a writer is trying to say. Critics say a programcannot follow a thought or judge humor or understand a beautifully expressed idea.But inventors of the programs say computer grading guarantees that each piece of writing is graded in the sameway. They also say the systems ___80___(mean) to judge knowledge more than creativity.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form7of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.When I settled in Chicago, my new city seemed so big and unfriendly. Then I had a physical problem and had togo to hospital for _____81_____ whole examination. It seemed a small challenge _____82_____ (compare) to theone I was about to face, but things started to go wrong right from the beginning. Not having a car or knowing the city,I was depending on a couple of buses _____83_____ (get) me from A to B. Although I'd left myself plenty of time,soon ______84______ was obvious that I was going to be late, as I had mistakenly boarded a bus that______85______ (take) me in the opposite direction.I got off the bus and stood on the pavement not knowing what to do. I looked into the eyes of a stronger,whowas trying to get past me. Surprisingly, _____86_____ moving on, she stopped to ask if I was OK.After I explained_____87_____ was troubling me, she pointed to a bus stop across the street, _____88_____ a bus would take me backinto the city to my appointment. ______89______ (sit) there waiting, I felt grateful that someone had been willing tohelp. Then,hearing a horn () nearby, I looked up to see a car with my new friend waving at me to get in. She had 喇叭returned to offer me a lift to the hospital.Such unexpected kindness from a passer-by was a lovely gift to receive. _____90_____ I climbed outof the carat the hospital and turned to thank her, she smiled and told me not to lose faith, for all things are possible.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Every weekend, after hiking in the Saneum Healing Forest east of Seoul, the firefighters sip tea and enjoy an armmassage. The aim of program is ___91___offer) “forest healing”; the firefighters all have certain types of stressdisorder. Saneum is one of three official healing forest in South Korea, which offer a range of programs frommeditation to woodcraft to camping. Soon there will be 34 more. South Koreans, many of whom suffer from workstress, digital addiction, and intense academic pressures,___92___(welcome) the medicalization of nature with greatenthusiasm. In fact, the government is investing a hundred million dollars ___93___ a healing complexnext toSobaeksan National park.There is increasing evidence ___94___ being outside in a pleasant natural environment is good for us. But whatis frustrating is that fewer of us actually enjoy nature regularly. According to Lisa Nisbet, a psychology professor at8Canada's Trent University, evidence for the benefits of nature is pouring at a time___95___ we are most disconnectedfrom it. The pressures of modern life lead to long hours spent working indoors. Digital addiction and strong academicpressure add to the problem. In America, visits to parks have been declining since the dawn of email, and so___96___visits to the backyard. Research indicates that only about 10 percent of American teens spend time outside every day.So what are some of the benefits of nature that Nisbet refers to?___97___ (surround) by nature has one obviouseffect: the more time we spend in nature, the ___98___ (stressful) we become. This has been shown to lower bloodpressure, heart rates, and levels of the stress hormone, as well as reduce feelings of fear or anger. But studies alsoindicate that spending time in nature can do more than provide an ___99___ (improve) sense andwell-being; it canlower rates of heart disease and diabetes. That is probably ___100___ we evolved in nature and have been adapted tothe natural environment.901。

2019届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解A篇--老师版(纯净word带答案已校对终结版).do

2019届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解A篇--老师版(纯净word带答案已校对终结版).do

One【2019届上海市虹口区高三英语一模试题】Section BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)There aren’t many actors around the world who have enough selfconfidence to turn down an offer from Steven Spielberg. Maybe thatwas why Juliette Binoche gave him a choice. She said she’d be happyto be in Jurassic Park as long as she could play a dinosaur. Of coursehe turned her down and it was probably a good thing. It’s difficult toimagine Juliette ripping people apart with her teeth. However, herdecision doesn’t seem to have done her career any harm. She has gone on to make a string of hits, including The Unbearable Lightness of Being, The English Patient (for which she won an Oscar) and Chocolat.Success in the United States has not been so easy for otherforeign stars. Gerald Depardieu is a good example. Since his firstfilm in 1967, his filmography(影片集锦) lists 172 acting credits.But he has struggled on the other side of the pond. While some ofhis films have been popular in the US, they have usually beenFrench films that travelled. One possible exception was Green Card, directed by Peter Weir, where he plays a French immigrant who goes through a fake wedding in order to stay and work in the United States. This is a predictable but sweet romantic comedy which typecasts (分配同一类型角色) its lead actors in terms of national stereotypes. While some reviewers were kind, others shredded both the film and Depardieu’s performance.While Monsieur Depardieu has n’t received the recognition he would have liked in the United States, one Mexican actor has achieved almost instant success. Gael Garcia Bernal first gained recognition in Amores Perros in 2000 and a year later in Y tu mama tambien. Since then he has appeared with hometown hero, Brad Pitt in Babel and, under the direction of top producer and director, Jim Jarmusch, he starred in Limits of Control. He hasn’t picked up an Oscar yet, but hewas nominated for a BAFTA(英国电影电视艺术学院奖) in 2005 for his performance as the South American hero revolutionary Che Guevara, in Motorcycle Diaries. In the same year he played American music icon Elvis Presley in The King.56. It can be inferred from the passage that Juliette Binoche ______.A. very much wanted to be in Jurassic ParkB. didn’t want to be in Jurassic ParkC. really wanted to play a dinosaur in Jurassic ParkD. was hesitant whether she could play a dinosaur well57. According to the writer, Gerald Depardieu’s most popular films ______.A. have been made in HollywoodB. have only been seen in EuropeC. have been made in France, but seen in other countries, tooD. have been made in Hollywood, but well received in France58. The last sentence in Para 2 “o thers shredded both the film and Depardieu’s performance”means others thought Depardieu’s performance and the film were ______.A. complexB. interestingC. terribleD. impressive59. The writer’s purpose in writing this article is to suggest that ______.A. Foreign actors generally do well in the United StatesB. American actors are able to earn more money than foreign actorsC. Foreign actors are playing an irreplaceable role in the United StatesD. a successful career in Europe or Latin America doesn’t guarantee success in the USAKeys: 56-59 BCCDSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them. There are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choose the one that fits best according to the Information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Despite an advertisement campaign suggesting wall-to-wall special effects, “Bridge of Terabithia” is grounded in reality far more than in fantasy. Adapting Katherine Paterson’s award-winning novel, the screenwriters David Paterson and Jeff Stockwell have produced a thoughtful and extremely affecting story of a transformative friendship between two unusually gifted children. The result is a movie whose emotional depth could appeal more to adults than to their children.Jess Aarons (Josh Hutcherson) is a sixth grader with four sisters, financially tensed parents and a talent for drawing. An introverted(内向的) kid who is regularly picked on by the school buses, Jess forms a bond with a new student named Leslie (Anna Sophia Robb), a free spirit whose parents, both writers, are fondly neglectful. An attraction between outsiders, their friendship feeds on her words and his pictures; together they create an imaginary kingdom in the woods behind their homes, a world they can control and where their minds can wander free.Beautifully capturing a time when a bully in school can occur as large as a monster in a nightmare and the encouragement of a teacher can alter the course of a life, “Bridge to Terabithia” keeps the fantasy in the background to find magic in the everyday. Gabor Csupo directs this, his first feature, like someone close to the pain of being different, fascinated in tiny, perfect details.With strong performances from all the lea ds, “Bridge to Terabithia” is able to handle adult topics with sensitivity. As the emotional landscape darkens, those who haven’t read the book may be surprised at the sorrow the filmmakers cause without ever resorting to horror or terror. In other words, your children may cry, but they won’t be traumatized so badly.Consistently smart and delicate as a spider web, “Bridge to Terabithia” is the kind of children’s movie rarely seen nowadays. At a time when many public schools are being forced to cut music an d art from the curriculum, the story’s insistence on the healing power of a cultivated imagination is both welcome and essential.56. The second paragraph indicates that Jess and Leslie ________.A. lost their control over the imaginary kingdomB. looked down on their individual realitiesC. formed a good friendship despite their different talentsD. wrote a book about a magical land called Terabithia57. Which of the following words is most likely to replace “traumatized” (paragraph 4)?A. criticizedB. ignoredC. delightedD. shocked58. The two children most likely ________.A. skipped school to play in the woods behind their campusB. created an imaginary world as an escape from realityC. disappointed their parents with their over-active imaginationsD. won against the bullies at school with strong performances59. Which of the following statements will the author most probably agree with?A. The fantasy components of the movie were too over-done.B. The movie is motional but not much too dramatic.C. “Bridge to Terabithia” has a negative impact on public school education.D. Children shouldn’t watch the film as they are too young to understand the topics.Keys: 56-59 CDBBSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One recent night, while I was leafing through its pages of an old journal, my eyes met a quote by the British writer Graham Greene that I had marked. “A prejudice had something in common with an ideal.” In other words, ideals---general descriptions of people’s expectations of themselves and others---can often lead us to unreasonable ideas. It got me thinking about how we often allow ourselves to generalize about groups of people. We like to stereotype people by the color of their skin, the year of their birth or any other related factors.I grew up in a multi-racial corner of America. The different groups were often subject to narrow stereotypes: Jewish people were “greedy,” Mexicans were “poorly educated,” and Asians were “good at math.” These labels were taugh t to us from a young age. They wormed their wayinto our belief systems, harming how we came to see others. It made me sad growing up to see people repeat these stereotypes as if they were true. The rush-to-judgment of people breeds a culture of discrimination(歧视).You can also see these over-generalized description being made against today’s Chinese people. Whether it be a lack of interest or worry among millennials(千禧一代) being described as “monkish,” or “dad-fashion(复古作风)” which has given the “greasy midd le-aged men” tag, stereotypes always seem to gain a foothold in the consciousness of our society. But these generalizations do real harm as these myths may become part of the wider population.It’s about time that we, as a society, walked away from general izations and stereotypes. I leave you with the words of Martin Luther King Jr. from his famous “I Have a Dream” speech: “I look to a day when people will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character.” By reserving judgmen t and really getting to know the individual, you might just find your irrational ideas have no foundation.56. According to the passage, how do people tend to judge others?A. By describing people’s personalities.B. By truly getting to know those around.C. By observing their noticeable features.D. By following Martin Luther King’s speech57. According to the author, a culture of discrimination appears because __________.A. people live in places of various racesB. people are born with unreasonable ideasC. prejudices slightly influence people’s belief systemD. people usually make judgments without thinking twice58. Examples of “millennials” and “dad-fashion” are mentioned in Paragraph 3 to reveal _______.A. generalizations have unfavourable position in societyB. generalizations have a negative influence on our societyC. generalizations are found peculiar to the middle-aged ChineseD. generalizations make today’s Chinese people lack interest or worry59. The passage is mainly concerned with ________.A. the common prejudiceB. people’s expectation of themselvesC. the groundless worriesD. the famous speech of Martin Luther KingKeys: 56-59 CDBASection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)What to endure before publication?It takes a lot to write a novel. Even those who haven’t tried would say, “Well, duh!” to this. But it’s not much the mind space or the considerable time it takes to write a novel that is as discouraging as how many times any writer must go back to the drawing board for yet another draft. To really ready a novel for publication, a writer must spend time with his or her book. Like any promising relationship, you, the writer , must date your novel, take it out to dinner, meet its parents, and see it through its most trying and desperate times. As a writer, you have to stay up all night with your novel crying and talking and sometimes even pulling your hair out before that perfect moment of inspiration can truly help you cross the finish line.For many published authors I know, myself included, a completed novel takes them about 10, that’s right, 10 drafts, and at least a year of real editing. Will you be spending every single second editing your novel? No, of course not. Just as drafts need some real time on the surgery table, they also need rest in the recovery room. You don’t nurse a relationship by spending every waking second with them until you can’t stand the sight of each other, and you can’t produce a novel by breathing down its literary neck. However, a novel should undergo many drafts---and different kinds of drafts—before declaring it ready for an agent or editor to see.Everyone has their own way to write a novel, and not all craft advice (or even craft “rules”) should all be followed by everyone, but when it comes to the many drafts of a novel, there are specific things a writer should focus on during each revision to help create a smooth transition from the initial idea to final products.56. People are discouraged from writing a novel mainly because it requires _____.A. a good publisherB. too much thinkingC. tons of working timeD. frequent revisions57. What do writers do in the course of creating a novel?A. They spend every minute with the novel.B. They treat the novel as a lover.C. They go out with some readers for dinner.D. They hurt themselves to stay awake.58. By “breathing down its literary neck” in Paragraph 2, the author most probably means _____.A. writing casually thus failing to take readers’ breath awayB. letting go a single mistake thus annoying the readersC. X-raying the work thus finding each literary mistakeD. sticking too close to the work thus causing anxiety59. Which of the following is most likely to come after the last paragraph?A. The importance of using proper transitional words in writing.B. The writing experience shared by famous successful write.C. Tips on how to make ten drafts to complete a good novel.D. Setbacks writers may suffer if ignoring the craft advice.Keys: 56-59 DBDCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The lives of the Ancient Greeks revolved(运转) around Eris, a concept by which they defined the universe. They believed that the world existed in a condition of opposites. If there was good, then there was evil;if there was love, then there was hatred; joy, then sorrow; war, then peace; andso on. The Greeks believed that good Eris occurred when one held a balanced outlook on life and coped with problems as they arose. It was a kind of ease of living that came from trying to bring together the great opposing forces in nature. Bad Eris was evident in the violent conditions that ruled men’s lives. Although these things were found in nature and sometimes could not be controlled, it was believed that bad Eris occurred when one ignored a problem, letting it grow larger until it destroyed not only that person, but his family as well. The Ancient Greeks saw Eris as a goddess: Eris, the Goddess of Discord, better known as Trouble.One myth that expresses this concept of bad Eris deals with the marriage of King Peleus and the river goddess Thetis. Zeus, the supreme ruler, learns that Thetis would bear a child strong enough to destroy its father. Not wanting to father his own ruin, Zeus convinces Thetis to marry a human, a mortal(凡人) whose child could never challenge the gods. He promises her, among other things, the greatest wedding in all of Heaven and Earth and allows the couple to invite whomever they please. This is one of the first mixed marriages of Greek Mythology and the lesson learned from it still applies today. They do invite everyone . . . except Eris, the Goddess of Discord. In other words, instead of facing the problems brought on by a mixed marriage, they turn their backs on them. They refused to deal directly with their problems and the result is tragic. In her fury(狂怒), Eris arrives, ruins the wedding, causes a jealous argument between the three major goddesses over a golden apple, and sets in place the conditions that lead to the Trojan War. The war would take place 20 years in the future, but it would result in the death of the only child of the bride and groom, Achilles. Eris would destroy the parents’ hopes for their future, leaving the couple with no legal heirs (继承人) to the throne.Hence, when we are told, “If you don’t invite trouble, trouble comes,” it means that if we don’t deal with our problems, our problems will deal with us . . . with a revenge! It is easy to see why the Greeks considered many of their myths learning myths, for this one teaches us the best way to defeat that which can destroy us.56. Bad Eris is defined in the passage as _______.A. the violent conditions of life.B. the problems man encounters.C. the evil goddess who has a golden apple.D. the murderer of generations.57. Zeus married Thetis off because _______.A. he needed to buy the loyalty of a great king of mankind.B. he feared the gods would create bad Eris by competing over her.C. he feared the Trojan War would be fought over her.D. he feared being a father of a boy who would kill him in the future.58. Zeus did not fear a child of King Peleus because _______.A. he knew that the child could not climb Mt. Olympus and manage to kill a god.B. he knew that the child would be killed in the Trojan War which would happen in 20 years.C. he knew t hat no matter how strong a mortal child was, he couldn’t overthrow an immortal god.D. he knew that Thetis would always love him above everyone else.59. What does the myth in the passage want to tell us?A. Do not consider a mixed marriage.B. Do not anger the gods.C. Do not ignore the problems that arise in life.D. Do not take myths seriously.Keys: 56-59 ADCCSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or Unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Once again DC Comics and Warner Bros. have divided fans and critics over their latest superhero film.There had been worrying news about Justice League in the months before its release, with a lot of reshoots of scenes, a new director being brought in to finish the film after original director Zack Snyder’s tragic loss of his daughter and, of course, a lot of talk about Ben Affleck’s future in the role of Batman.Some people are saying that Justice League is another big disappointment, that it could havebeen incredible and instead fails to really entertain. Others say that Warner Bros, have finally got it right and that the future for the League looks bright. My opinion lies somewhere in the middle. The film was by no means a disappointment: it was exciting, funny and a lot of fun to watch. There’s something special about watching the heroes from your childhood brought to life on the big screen and maybe that is affecting my opinion.However, I will say that a lot of work needs to be done if the producer wants to make a great success. Although the film was good, it was obvious which scenes had been reshot and how the characters had been changed. I also have to mention the several scenes in which the special effects were very badly done; there are the kinds of problems that you don’t expect to see in a film with such a big budget.Another point to add is that it is good to see the producer making Superman slightly a brighter character and adding some jokes to the plot to keep things fun. But the producer must be careful not to make the mistake that another film producer---here, not mentioning the name---is coming very close to doing: turning all of the films into bright and colorful shows and losing a lot of seriously good stories.In the end, Justice League is not a perfect film but it is definitely not a terrible one. A lot of work is still to be done but I hope that DC does not completely lose its darker side.56. Before the release of Justice League, many people showed their ________.A. pity for the director, Zack SnyderB. concern about the film’s qualityC. higher expectation of the new directorD. support for the actor, Ben Affleck57. According to the author, what’s special about Justice League?A. It advocates social justice.B. It brings lots of fun to the audience.C. It has some brave heroes.D. It brings back childhood memories.58. In Paragraph 5 the author mainly wants to express his _________.A. views on the film’s weaknessB. advice to the film’s directorC. love for the filmD. expectation of the film’s sequels59. The author mentioned another film producer to ________.A. stress the importance of fun in a filmB. show Justice League’s lack of a ser ious plotC. serve as a warning to the producer of Justice LeagueD. set an example for the producer of Justice LeagueKeys: 56-59 BDBCSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I’m a student in my fourth year of a biomedical science degree at Robert Gordon University in Aberdeen, but I also work 38 hours a week at Sainsbury’s to make ends meet. I do three night shifts a week, plus overtime if I can get it. Monday is the most occupied day for me -- I work from 10 pm until 8 am on Saturday and Sunday nights, earning just over £100 a night, and then I have to be at my first lecture at 9 am on Monday. By the time I finish lectures, at 2 p m, I’m exhausted, but I know I have to be back at work by 10 pm.I constantly have to force myself to stay awake, and to be alert, whatever it takes. A packet of Skittles and a Red Bull usually helps. The work I do at Sainsbury’s is very physical like stac king shelves. I’m lucky because I’m an active person and the amount I lift at work is nothing compared with the weights I lift in the gym. I know I have the strength to bear it.I’m originally from Nigeria. I came here when I was seven, growing up in Croyd on, south London. Money was tight. My parents gave me everything I needed, but there was no money to spend on luxuries. I worked hard at school though and, with the help of GT Scholars, I got some of the best A-level grades in my class.Unfortunately, thou gh I had applied for “settled” British residential status when very young, the Home Office waited until I was in sixth form to approve my application. That meant I wasn’t eligible for a student loan. The only way I could afford to go to university was that if I got a job that would pay for all my living costs and my parents, who work in market research, paid for my tuition fees. In Scotland, that’s about £7,000 a year.I don’t have much time to socialize because of my job. Ideally, I would also like to havemore time to study so I can excel at my course. Yes, I have a lot on my plate, but working hard isn’t new to me. Growing up, my parents and my mentors in the church and at GT Scholars cultivated in me the importance of working hard for what I want in life.My dream is to do an MA in physiotherapy next year and then get a job working for the NHS. But right now, I’m just focused on trying to get the best grades I can. Whenever I find life hard, I tell myself this is about my future. I don’t need much, but I would like to worry less about money and have more free time. That is what I look forward to the most.56. Why does the author work long hours and sometimes overtime every week?A. To help his parents pay off the debts.B. To pay for his tuition fees.C. To prove his ability to earn money.D. To pay for his own living expenses.57. The underlined word “eligible” in the passage can be replaced by ________.A. responsibleB. qualifiedC. feasibleD. anxious58. According to the passage, which of the following words can NOT be used to describe the author?A. Sociable.B. Diligent.C. Ambitious.D. Persistent.59. Which of the following proverbs can best summarize the passage?A. A penny saved is a penny earned.B. Actions speak louder than words.C. God helps those who help themselves.D. Where there is life, there is hope.Keys: 56-59 DBACSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I boarded a small plane together with my sister and 42 other passengers. While flying over the mountains, the plane encountered violent airflow. Losing control suddenly, it hit an unknownmountain peak. The impact of the crash claimed the lives of a few passengers immediately, leaving many injured including my sister.Adding a slight chance of being found out, we waited in the open, as opposed to waiting in the plane, even though it was freezing cold. At night, we slept side by side to keep ourselves warm and melted snow into water. We knew our fo od couldn’t last us long, sticking to the hope that we would be rescued soon.We knew from radio that the outside world was trying to look for the missing aircraft. However, the aircraft was white and blended in with the snow, making it impossible to be seen from the sky. Later, our hope was dead when we found out via our radio that the rescue effort ended.Now climbing over the mountains ourselves to search for help seemed to be our only chance of survival. Although the crash site was an awful place, with urine(尿)everywhere and smelling of death, I still wished to stay there. But my sister would give in to her injuries soon if we were not rescued. Thus, together with two other people, Canessa and Vizintin, I decided to walk through the icy wilderness for help. Carrying some food and water, the three climbers started our journey. If we had known anything about climbing, we would have realized that we were already finished. The mountain we were about to challenge was one with slopes so steep that it would scare away a team of expert climbers. Our ignorance provided our only chance.We endured exhaustion and starvation and we had reached the top.To our horror, we found nothing. Disappointed, we were about to give up hope when I spotted a valley at the base of the mountain and again we started making our way down the mountain.Eventually, at the bottom of the mountain we were helped by a local farmer who called the police for help. I then guided the rescue team via a helicopter to the crash site. Finally, after we had endured nineteen cruel days, the world found out that there were 16 survivors who had cheated death despite the odds.56. Why did they stay outside the plane?A. Because they didn’t want to stay with dead people inside.B. Because it’s easier to obtain melted snow for water.C. Because they hoped to be seen by the rescue people.D. Because other passengers were against staying inside.57. Why did the author leave the crash site despite his wish to stay?A. Because he could get help from two experienced climbers.B. Because his sister might die without timely medical help.C. Because the crash site was too terrible for him to stay in.D. Because he would like to be tested by the steep mountain slopes.58. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Rescue people didn’t notice the aircraft because of its color at the beginning.B. The public knew where the plane crashed from the radio.C. The author gave up the climb halfway due to disappointment.D. More than half of the plane passengers were finally rescued.59. The underlined sentence had cheated death despite the odds is closest in meaning to ________.A. had told lies about death in spite of realityB. had avoided death in spite of huge difficultiesC. had treated death with positive attitudeD. had almost died in spite of strange expectationKeys: 56-59 CBABSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Flu is killing us. The usual response to the annual flu is not enough to fight against the risks we currently face, let alone prepare us for an even deadlier widespread flu that most experts agree will come in the future. Yes, we have an annual vaccine (疫苗), and everyone qualified should get。

2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--选词填空--老师版(带答案已校对珍藏版)

2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--选词填空--老师版(带答案已校对珍藏版)

II. Grammar and VocabularyS ection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.China’s first private research-oriented university Westlake University, which is backed by some of the country’s biggest business tycoons, was 31 inaugurated on Saturday morning in Hangzhou, East China’s Zhejiang Province, according to media reports.Westlake University is the first research-oriented university funded by private 32 and supported by the Chinese government in the country, 33 news website reported on Saturday. The non-profit institution was launched by a slew of 34 academia (学术机构) in the country and funded by high-profile business 35 , including Tencent Holdings Ltd Chairman Pony Ma and Wanda Group Chairman Wang Jianlin, according to information on the school’s website.Headed by Shi Yigong, a biologist and former vice president of the prestigious Tsinghua University in Beijing, Westlake will be 36 to the study of natural science and engineering, with world-class environment and state-of-the-art research facility. Construction for the university started in April and is expected to be completed by 2021. Total investment for the project is ____37____ to be 3.68 billion yuan ($585 million), according to media reports.The opening of Westlake University also comes as Chinese business leaders are throwing their support behind the country’s education 38 . Several other Chinese business leaders, including Alibaba Group founder Jack Ma Yun and Lenovo Group founder Liu Chuanzhi, have also 39 started a non-profit institution --Hupan University in Zhejiang. The university was inaugurated in March 2015. Jack Ma, who announced his retirement from Alibaba in September to focus on 40 work, including education, was the university’s first president.Keys: 31-35 JGBAF36-40 DHKICII. Grammar and VocabularyS ection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Photography is often perceived as an objective, and therefore unbiased, medium for documenting and preserving moments and national and world histories, and for visualizing and narrating news stories. But the choices made by a photographer--including how the image is ____31____, what is left in or out of the frame, and how it may be cropped, edited, or otherwise altered after it is taken--introduce a point-of-view into the photograph and ____32____ impact how we receive and understand images. Such considerations raise critical questions about how willingly we accept any one photograph as a reflection of ____33____ truth.Photographs can bear ____34____ to history and even serve as catalysts(催化剂) for change. They can foster sympathy and raise awareness or, ____35____, offer critical commentary on historical people, places, and events. Throughout the history of the medium, photographers have aimed to capture the essence of events they saw with their own eyes--though the question of the trustworthiness of their images is always up for debate.Though Dorothea Lange had been operating a successful portrait studio in San Francisco since 1919, she was moved by the homeless people as the Great Depression began to take its toll, and she started photographing them. These photographs led to her being hired by the federal Farm Security Administration(FSA), formed to raise awareness of and provide aid to poor farmers. Lange closely identified with the FSA’s mission, which was to ____36____ the effects of the Depression on Americans, bringing attention to their struggles so that such events would never recur. Due in part to her work with the FSA, Lange became known as a pioneer of documentary photography, a ____37____ she disliked because she felt the term did not reflect the passionate social motivations that fueled her work.Dorothea Lange took this photograph Migrant Mother, Nipomo, California in 1936, while employed by the FSA program. In Nipomo, California, Lange came across Florence Owens Thompson and her children in a camp filled with field whose livelihoods were devastated by the failure of the pea crops. Recalling her encounter with Thompson years later, she said, “ I saw and approached the hungry and desperate mother. I do not remember how I explained my ____38____ or my camera to her, but I do remember she asked me no questions. I made five exposures, working closer and closer from the same direction.” One photograph from that shoot known as Migrant Mother was widely ____39____ to magazines and newspapers and became a symbol of the plight farm workers during the Great Depression.As Lange described Thompson’s situation, “She and her children had been living on frozen vegetables from the field. Yet they could not move on, for she had just sold the tires from the car to buy food.”However, Thompson later ____40____ Lange’s account. When a reporter interviewed her in the 1970s, she insisted that she and Lange did not speak to each other, nor did she sell the tires of her car. Thompson said that Lange had either confused her for another farmer or embellished(渲染) what she had understood of her situation in order to make a better story.Keys: 31-35 BEADC 36-40 GKFIJII. Grammar and VocabularyS ection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The throngs of tourists flooding Russian cities for the World Cup are expected to provide a(n) ____31____ boost to the country’s economy. However, the influx has proved difficult for some host cities to fully ____32____ visitors.In the city of Samara, where England will play Sweden on Saturday in a quarterfinal match,water pressure is decreasing due to a(n) ____33____ in customers. In response, the city utility company has offered an unusual solution to mitigate (缓解) the low pressure. The proposal by the city’s water system authorities was ____34____ in a simple statement. “Save water, take showers in pairs,” the company said, accompanying its _____35____ with a smiley face. The Moscow Times reported the water authorities have increased output in recent days to compensate for the visitors, but the utility company is still trying to ____36____ residents about the strains placed on the water service. Rather than trying to change the habits of visitors, the water service has asked locals to alter their daily ____37____. “Thousands of the city’s visitors, who also consume water, are ____38____ to the increase,” the utility company, Samarskiye Kommunalniye Systemy, wrote in a press release on Wednesday.Recommended SlideshowsThe city has also experienced a heat wave that has increased the ____39____ for water during the tournament. The Associated Press reported said that medical staff distributed water to fans traveling to last month’s game between Russia and Uruguay via public transit. Utility issues also arose when Russia hosted the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi. The host nation seemed unable to provide the infrastructure needed to host athletes, fans, reporters and others who attended the tournament. Journalists who visited the city to report on the games ____40____ discolored and brown water coming out of faucets(龙头).Keys: 31-35 EGIAF 36-40 BKJHCII. Grammar and VocabularyS ection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Germany became the latest defending champion to crash out of the World Cup at the first hurdle, part of a trend but definitely not part of the plan when Germany arrived here.A smooth-running ___31___ machine when it won the Cup in 2014, Germany now appears in need of a reform after losing, 2-0, to South Korea here on Wednesday and saying goodbye to Russia about three weeks earlier than many expected.It has been the earliest exit for a German team at the World Cup since 1938, which seems even more ___32___ when you consider Hitler was then the country’s leader and only 15 teams participated.With stars like Kroos, Mesut Özil and Mats Hummels, Germany won every match in ___33___ for this World Cup, the first German team to do so. But it could not even ___34___ it out of the group phase in Russia.There seems to be a World Cup curse at ___35___. Since the 1998 edition, the defending champion has been eliminated in the group phase on four occasions: France in 2002, Italy in 2010, Spain in 2014 and now Germany.But this team’s early exit was still a(n) ___36___ shock, and Joachim Löw, the German coach since 2006, used that same word — “schock,” in his own language — to describe the experience on Wednesday.“The ___37___ of being eliminated is just huge,” said Löw, who added that the team deserved to go out early. “It turned ___38___. I must take responsibility for this.”A four-time World Cup winner, Germany was a finalist in 2002, third in 2006 and 2010 and the champion in 2014 after dealing the host nation of Brazil a 7-1 defeat in the semifinals, the ___39___ of which still leaves many Brazilians in pain.The Germans certainly have historical company, however. The list of defending champions to lose very early shows how ___40___ it is to maintain momentum and focus with national teams whose players practice and play together much less frequently than they do with their clubs.31-35HCAJK 36-40 FDIGBThe New York subway system is one of the largest in the world, ferrying nearly eight and a half million people around the city every week. Riders find more than ___41___ below the streets; among the dirt and the screech of the trains, there is also music. The subway system is like a free ___42___ hall, offering almost every kind of music.You never know what you might ___43___, depending on the day of the week and the particular station. At a subway platform below Pennsylvania station one afternoon recently, Rawl Mitchell, an immigrant from Trinidad and Tobago, was playing the steel drums. He said he’s been performing in the subway since the mid-1990s. “The people do ___44___ the music,” he said. “They stand around listening and if it pleases them, they applaud and put their money in the case or whatever. They ___45___ clap and say things like ‘It’s nice.’ They offer me some positive feedback.”Singer-songwriter Rosateresa, who often sings on a station at 14th Street, has been at it almost as long. She moved from Puerto Rico to study classical voice several decades ago. “My ___46___ is to sing like the jilguero, a Puerto Rican bird, which wakes up the sun,” said Rosateresa.Mitchell and Rosateresa both perform ___47___, outside the transit authority’s official “Music Under New York” program, which sponsor 150 performances each week, by more than 200 individuals and groups.Like Rosateresa and Mitchell, Musicians who participate in “Music Under New York” ___48___ only whatever people choose to give. Opera singers Tom McNichols and Patricia Vital, part of a group called “Opera Collective”, said they ___49___ performing in the subways, though it isn’t lucrative. “Music in general is not about money, and ‘Music Under New York’ is definitely more about making opera ___50___ than it is about making a living,” McNichols said.41-45GDCBE 46-50 KJFHIII.Grammar and Vocabulary Section AS ection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Air pollution is a killer.The World Health Organization says it kills about seven million people around the world each year. Even if polluted air does not kill us, it can make us very sick.However, breathing dirty air may do more than hurt your body. It can also affect your brain and your ability to think. A new study shows that air pollution can cause a “huge” 31 in our intelligence. The study was a project 32 researchers at Peking University in China and Yale University in the United States.The researchers reported that long-term33 to air pollution can affect a person’s mental abilities in two areas: language and mathematics.They studied about 25,000 men, women and children from across China by giving them language and math tests between 2010 and 2014. Then they compared the test results with measurements of pollution in the air, 34 nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide.Xi Chen of the Yale School of Public Health led the study. He and his team found that breathing 35 air can reduce a person’s education level by about one year. Chen said that the effect 36 is worse for those over 64 years of age, for men and for those working outdoors than those working indoors. And the test subjects studied came from 25 of China’s 33 provinces, ranging in age from 10 to 90, which, according to Chen, provided a “good 37 sample.”The researchers noted that the effect of pollution on 38 ability is even more serious as people age, especially among men and the less educated. The smallest pieces of air pollution, called particulate matter 2.5 or simply PM2.5., are only 2.5 micrometers long; sometimes they are even smaller. So one can easily breathe them in, and they are found indoors.Chen urges 39 policymakers to make serious changes. "The longer-term effects suggests to the policymakers that we need to engage in cleaning up the sky instead of investing in short-term 40 , for example the face masks or air filters.” He said.Keys: 31-35 GBDEH36-40 CKIJFII.Grammar and Vocabulary Section AS ection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.World’s Best RestaurantCritics of renewable energy often cite the fact that technologies like wind and solar only produce energy when the wind is blowing or the sun is shining. They argue that we can’t effectively utilize renewable energy until appropriate energy ____31____ technology is developed. While the fact that wind and solar don’t produce energy around the clock is certainly a major ____32____, I find that the problems associated with the intermittent(间歇的) nature of many renewables are often exaggerated, and rarely discussed from a(a)____33____ perspective. With this post, I’ll introduce a few of the main challenges posed by intermittent energy ____34____, and then discuss three possible solutions.The difficulty associated with integrating variable sources of electricity ____35____ from the fact that the power grid(电网) was designed around the concept of large, ____36____ electric generators. Today, the grid operator uses a three-phase planning process to ensure power plants produce the right amount of electricity at the right time to ____37____ and reliably meet electric demand. Because the grid has very little storage capacity, the balance between electricity supply and demand must be ____38____ at all times to avoid a blackout or other problem.Intermittent renewables are ____39____ because they disrupt the conventional methods for planning the daily operation of the electric grid. Their power fluctuates(波动) over multiple time horizons. Take the example of solar panels. Solar energy is only available during daylight hours, so the grid operator must adjust the day-ahead plan to include generators that can quickly adjust their power output to compensate for the rise and fall in solar generation. Furthermore, power plants that ____40____ produce electricity all day every day might instead be asked to turn off during the middle of the day so that the energy produced from solar can be used instead of fossil electricity.Keys: 31-35 AHKGC36-40 EBIFJII. Grammar and VocabularyS ection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.In the early 1960s, Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association(NBA) 31 at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed ____32____over the years, and managers have been more than willing to 33 team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.However, the trend in sports may be 34 an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. Though typically about two inches taller than 140 years ago, today’s people—especially those born to families who have lived in the US for many generations—apparently reached their 35 in the early 1960s. And they aren’t likely to get any taller. “In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, we’ve pretty much gone as we can go,” says anthropologist of Wright State University.Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients—notably, protein—to feed 36 tissues. At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood 37 got in the way. But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years. Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height—5’9’’for men, 5’4’’ for women—hasn’t really changed since 1960.Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoid substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover, even though humans have been 38 for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal(双足行走的) posture and cannot easily withstand 39 strain imposed by oversize limbs.Genetic maximums can change, but don’t expect this to happen soon. If you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, by and large, you could use today’s data and feel 40 confident.Keys: 31-35 GABIE 36-40 CDHJFII. Grammar and VocabularyS ection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Botany, the study of plants, occupies a ____31____ position in the history of human knowledge. For many thousands of years it was the one field of awareness about which humans had anything more than the vaguest (含糊的) of insight. It is impossible to know today just what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of pre-industrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must extremely ancient. This is ____32_____. Plants are the basis of the food ____33____ for all living things, even for other plants. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of peoples, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, eyes, medicines, shelter, and a great many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungles of the Amazon recognized accurately hundreds of plants and know many ____34_____of each. To them, botany, as such, has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of knowledge at all.Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less ___35_____ our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes ____36____ on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer ____37____ the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them___38_____ the wonder of agriculture; cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the ____39____ production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the ____40____ knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and close relationship with plants in the wild would begin fade away.Keys: 31-35 GKIHJ36-40 BDCAFII. Grammar and VocabularyS ection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Science is accompanying us. It is the body of knowledge about nature, ____31____the collective efforts, insights, findings, and wisdom of the human race. The enormous success of science has led to the general belief that scientists have developed and are ____32____a “method” extremely effective in gaining, organizing and applying new knowledge.Although this method has a certain appeal, it has not been the key to the most of the ____33____in science. Regular research, experimentation without guessing, and other methods account for much of the progress in science.Rather than a particular method, the success of science has more to do with an attitude common to scientists. This attitude is essentially one of ____34____before the facts. In the scientific spirit, scientists must accept facts even when they would like them to be different, regardless of the reputation of the number of ____35____. They must strive to distinguish between what they see and what they wish to see. People have traditionally tended to adoptgeneral rules,beliefs and theories without ____36___questioning their validity(正确性)The most widespread assumptions are the least questioned. Most often, when an idea is adopted, particular attention is given to cases that seem to support it, while cases refuting(反驳)it are ignored. In this sense, scientists must be truly expert at ____37____ their minds, because science seeks not to defend our beliefs but to improve them.Away from their profession, scientists are no more honest than other people. But in their profession they work in an area that ____38____honesty. To reduce the likelihood of errors, scientists should accept the words only of those whose ideas, theories, and findings are ____39____---at least in principle. Sooner or later, mistakes are bound to be found out and wishful thinking to be exposed. The honesty so ____40____to the progress of science thus becomes a matter of self-interest to scientists.Keys: 31-35 DIACG 36-40 HKFEB。

2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--完型填空--老师版(带答案已校对珍藏版)

2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--完型填空--老师版(带答案已校对珍藏版)

III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Mansfield Sullivan, came to me. I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrasts between the two lives which it connects. It was the third of March, 1887, three months before I was seven years old.On the afternoon of that eventful day, I stood on the porch, dumb, 41 . I guessed vaguely from my mother's signs and from the hurrying to and fro in the house that something unusual was about to happen, so I went to the door and waited on the steps. The afternoon sun penetrated the mass of honeysuckle that covered the porch, and fell on my upturned face. My fingers lingered almost 42 on the familiar leaves and blossoms which had just ____43____ to greet the sweet southern spring. I did not know what the future held of ____44____or surprise for me. Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually for weeks and a deep languor (倦怠) had ____45____ this passionate struggle.Have you ever been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in, and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet (铅锤) and sounding-line (测深索), and you waited with beating heart for something to happen? I was like that ____46____ before my education began, only I was without ____47____ or sounding-line, and had no way of knowing how near the ____48____ was. "Light! Give me light!" was the wordless cry of my soul, and the light of love shone on me in that very hour.I felt approaching footsteps. I stretched out my hand as I would to my mother. Someone ____49____ it, and I was caught up and held close in the arms of her who had come to ____50____ all things to me, and, more than all t hings else, to love me.The morning after my teacher came she led me into her room and gave me a doll. The little blind children at the Perkins Institution had sent it and Laura Bridgman had dressed it; but I did not know this until ____51____. When I had played with it a little while, Miss Sullivan slowly spelled into my hand the word "d-o-l-l." I was at once interested in this finger play and tried to ____52____ it. When I finally succeeded in making the letters correctly I ____53____ withchildish pleasure and pride. Running downstairs to my mother I held up my hand and made the letters for doll. I did not know that I was spelling a word or even that words existed; I was simply making my fingers go in monkey-like imitation. In the days that followed I learned to spell in this ____54____ way a great many words, among them pin, hat, cup and a few verbs like sit, stand and walk. But my teacher had been with me several weeks before I understood that everything has a ____55____.41. A. hesitant B. reluctant C. expectant D. defendant42. A. consequently B. unconsciously C. deliberately D. simultaneously43. A. come forth B. brought about C. left behind D. hidden away44. A. panic B. result C. position D. marvel45. A. succeeded B. exposed C. inherited D. demonstrated46. A. fog B. ship C. shore D. plummet47. A. compassion B. compromise C. compass D. companion48. A. paradise B. habitat C. residence D. harbor49. A. took B. shook C. clung D. rescued50. A. share B. devote C. reveal D. celebrate51. A. beforehand B. backward C. afterward D. forward52. A. illustrate B. exhibit C. guess D. imitate53. A. fluttered B. flourished C. flashed D. flushed54. A. unrealistic B. uncomprehending C. insurmountable D. unproductive55. A. title B. name C. credit D. roleKeys: 41-45 CBADA 46-50 BCDAC 51-55 CDDBBIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Vast Parts of Earth should be left wildTo avoid mass extinctions of all plants and animals, governments should protect a third of the oceans and land by 2030 and half by 2050, with a focus on areas of high biodiversity. So say leading biologists in an editorial in the journal Science.This isn’t not just about saving biodiverse areas, says Jonathan Baillie of the National Geographic Society, one of the authors. It’s also about saving ourselves by protecting____41____ natural systems, or ecosystems. and their benefits to us, known as ecosystem service. “We are learning that the large areas that remain are important for providing services for all life. The forests, for example, are ____42____critical for absorbing and storing carbon.” says Baille.At present, just 3.6 per cent of the planet’s oceans and 14.7 per cent of the land is protected by law. At the 2010 Nagoya Conference of the Convention on Biological Diversity,governments agreed to protect 10 per cent of the oceans and 17 per cent of land.But this isn’t nearly enough, says Baillie. In the editorial, He and his coauthor, Ya-Ping Zhang of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, want governments to set much bigger ____43____ targets at the next major conference in 2020.“We have to enormously ____44____ increase our ambition if we want to avoid an extinction crisis and if we want to maintain the ecosystem services that we ____45____ currently benefit from,” says Baillie. “The trends are in a ____46____ positive direction, it’s just we have to move much faster.”It’s hard to work out how much space is needed to preserve biodiversity and ecosystem ____47____benefits, the pair say, because there’s so much we don’t know about life on Earth – like how many species there are. ____48____However, most estimates suggest that between 25 and 75 per cent of high biodiversity regions or major ecosystems must be protected. Therefore, we, including governments, should be _____49____ err on the side of caution when setting goals and strategies.“There is no doubt we need far more land and sea ____50____secured for conserving and retaining nature,” says James Watson at the University of Queensland in Australia. “Targets like 50 per cent are in the right ball park when it comes to the minimal ____51____ amount of area needed to conserve biodiversity.”But Watson and others stress that which areas get protected is even more important than the overall percentage. “The key thing is to protect the right areas,” says Jose Montoya of the Stationfor Theoretical and Experimental Ecology in Moulis, France. “If we ____52____ merely protect a proportion of the territory, governments will likely protect what’s easy, and that’s usually areas of ____53____ low biodiversity and ecosystem service provision.”In fact,a third of the 3.6 per cent of land that is already meant to be protected is actually being ____54____exploited, Watson’s team reported last month. So only ____55____ declaring areas to be protected isn’t enough.41. A. stricter B. wider C. safer D. simpler42. A. unique B. sufficient C. critical D. fit43. A. examples B. values C. awards D. objectives44. A. increase B. achieve C. lack D. frustrate45. A. barely B. currently C. roughly D. thoroughly46. A. opposite B. fixed C. complex D. positive47. A. approaches B. management C. benefits D. degradation48. A. Therefore B. Furthermore C. However D. Otherwise49. A. concerned B. changeable C. firm D. cautious50. A. deserted B. secured C. measured D. distributed51. A. damage B. cost C. amount D. standard52. A. completely B. merely C. Virtually D. desperately53. A. mass B. tropical C. marine D. low54. A. exploited B. expanded C. restored D. discovered55. A. developing B. covering D. declaring D. utilizingKeys: 41-45 BCDAB 46-50 DCCDB 51-55 CBDADIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.How Facebook Programmed Our RelativesThree years ago, on his birthday, a law professor watched his e-mail inbox as usual. But it was filled with Facebook notifications (通告) ____41____ that friends had posted messages on his wall. The messages made him sad. The blocked inbox was ____42____, but what really upset him was having disclosed his birth date to Facebook in the first place. It’s not necessary for social networking to comply with (遵守) privacy laws, as some people ___43____ believe. He hadn’t paid much attention when he signed up—as with most electronic contracts, there was no room for negotiation about terms. He ____44____ Facebook’s instructions, entered the data and clicked a button.A few days later, the law professor decided to change the birth date on his Facebook profile to ____45____ the same situation next year. But when the fake date rolled around, his inbox again was flooded with Facebook notifications. Two of the messages were from close relatives, one of whom he had spoken with on the phone on his actual birthday! How could she not realize that the date was ____46____?Our hypothesis (假设): she’d been programmed!That law professor was one of us, and it confirmed his ____47___ that most people respond ____48____ to Facebook’s prompts (提示) to provide information or contact a friend without really thinking much about it. That’s because digital networked technologies are engineering humans to behave like simple stimulus-response machines.Social media plays a tremendous role in modern life. Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter have become the primary ways of keeping in touch with friends, family, classmates and colleagues. To date, ____49____, researchers have not fully explored the degree to which these platforms are literally programming human responses. Social media platforms encode a range of social ____50____: Facebook notifies us when it is time to wish our friends a happy birthday; LinkedIn prompts us to congratulate contacts on their work anniversaries. As a result, social interactions are often ____51____ to the click of a button.Facebook may increase the number of people to whom we wish a happy birthday with a few clicks of a button; it’s not as if we remember the birth dates of that high school classmate or distant cousin. But if it becomes ____52____ behavior, is it even meaningful? As for people who aren’t on Facebook or don’t post their birth dates publicly, the ___53____ they exercise over their data comes at a cost: they don’t receive scores of well-wishes from far-flung contacts. ____54____, it’s still nice to be thought of, even if just once a year.Digital platforms are ____55____ what it means to be human, and we can’t rely on the platforms to police or research themselves. In the meantime, when your birthday rolls around, enjoy the warm feelings from friends sending their regards— but remember that they don’t know when your birthday really is any more than you do theirs.41. A. requiring B. recognizing C. indicating D. summarizing42. A. annoying B. embarrassing C. frustrating D. exciting43. A. hardly B. passionately C. mistakenly D. slowly44. A. lacked B. suspended C. obeyed D. offered45. A. accept B. avoid C. analyze D. arrange46. A. significant B. definite C. correct D. fake47. A. doubt B. appointment C. statement D. plan48. A. cautiously B. positively C. automatically D. aggressively49. A. thus B. however C. moreover D. otherwise50. A. reforms B. problems C. issues D. behaviors51. A. adapted B. reduced C. committed D. admitted52. A. suspected B. accepted C. programmed D. horrified53. A. control B. judgments C. influence D. skills54. A. In return B. In addition C. For example D. After all55. A. enriching B. examining C. shaping D. retainingKeys: 41-45 CACCB 46-50 DACBD 51-55 BCADCIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.(A)You can actually catch a good mood or a bad mood from your friends, according to a recentstudy in the journal Royal Society Open Science. But that shouldn’t stop you from ___51___ with pals who are down in the dumps, say the study authors: ___52___, the effect isn’t large enough to push you into depression.The new study adds to a growing body of research suggesting that happiness and sadness—as well as lifestyle and behavioral factors like smoking, drinking, obesity, fitness habits and even the ability to concentrate—can ___53___ across social networks, both online and in real life. But while many ___54___ studies have only looked at friendship data at one point in time, this is one of the few that measured social and mood changes over time.The new research involved groups of junior-high and high-school students who took part in ___55___ screenings(筛查)and answered questions about their best friends, many of whom were also enrolled in the study. In total, 2,194 students were included in the ___56___, which used a mathematical model to look for connections among friend networks.Overall, kids whose friends suffered from bad moods were more ___57___ to report bad moods themselves—and they were less likely to have improved when they were screened again six months to a year later. When people had more happy friends, ___58___, their moods were more likely to improve over time.Some symptoms related to depression—like helplessness, tiredness and loss of interest—also seemed to follow this ___59___, which scientists call “social contagion.” But this isn’t something that people need to ___60___, says lead author Robert Eyre, a doctoral student at the University of Warwick. Rather, it’s likely just a “___61___ empathetic response that we’re all familiar with, and something we recognize by common sense,” he says. In other words, when a friend is going through a rough patch, it makes sense that you’ll feel some of their ___62___, and it’s certainly not a reason to stay away.The study also found that having friends who were clinically depressed did not ___63___ participants’ risk of becoming depressed themselves. “Your friends do not put you at risk of illness,” says Eyre, “so a good course of action is simply to ___64___ them.” To boost both of your moods, he suggests doing things together that you both ___65___—and taking other friends along to further spread those good feelings, too.”51. A. keeping up B. making off C. hanging out D. getting away52. A. Thankfully B. Particularly C. Hopefully D. Totally53. A. increase B. generate C. delay D. spread54. A. growing B. previous C. real D. large-scale55. A. depression B. anxiety C. anger D. friendship56. A. assessment B. examination C. analysis D. exercise57. A. willing B. reluctant C. able D. likely58. A. what’s worse B. as a result C. on the other hand D. in one word59. A. prediction B. pattern C. report D. improvement60. A. worry about B. look for C. rely on D. put forward61. A. social B. normal C. rough D. certain62. A. symptoms B. responses C. recognition D. pain63. A. eliminate B. conceal C. increase D. sugarcoat64. A. enlighten B. entertain C. empower D. support65. A. enjoy B. understand C. advise D. permit(B)Many of China’s ancient architectural treasures crumbled to dust before Lin Huiyin and Liang Sicheng began documenting them in the 1930s. The husband and wife team were by far the best-known ___66___ to operate in China. Their ___67___ have since inspired generations of people to speak out for architecture threatened by the rush toward development.Becoming China’s first architectural historians was no easy ___68___. The buildings they wanted to ___69___ were centuries old, often in shambles and located in distant parts of the country. In many cases, they had to journey through ___70___ conditions in the Chinese countryside to reach them.___71___ China’s outlying areas during the 1930s meant traveling muddy, poorly maintained roads by mule, or on foot. This was a(n) ___72___ undertaking both for Liang, who walked with a bad limp(跛)after a motorcycle accident as a young man, and Lin, who had a lung disease for years. Inns were often unimaginably dirty, food could be tainted(污染的), and there was always ___73___ of violence from rebels, soldiers and bandits.Their greatest discovery came on an expedition in 1937 when they dated and extremely ___74___ catalogued Foguang Si, or the Temple of Buddha’s Light, in Wutai County, Shanxi Province. The breathtaking wooden temple was ___75___ in 857 A.D., making it the oldestbuilding known in China at the time. (It is now the fourth-oldest known).Liang and Lin crawled into the temple’s most ___76___ areas to determine its age, including one aerie inhabited by thousands of bats and millions of bedbugs, covered in dust and littered with dead bats. Liang wrote of the ___77___ in an account included in “Liang and Lin: Partners in Exploring China’s Architectural Past,” the English-language story of their lives written by Wilma Fairbank, their close friend and correspondent.“In complete darkness and amid the ___78___ smell, hardly breathing, with thick masks covering our noses and mouths, we measured, drew, and photographed with flashlights for several hours,” Liang wrote. “When ___79___ we came out to take a breath of fresh air, we found hundreds of bedbugs in our backpack. We ourselves had been badly bitten. Yet the ___80___ and unexpectedness of our find made those the happiest hours of my years hunting for ancient architecture.”66. A. architects B. historians C. preservationists D. travellers67. A. documents B. efforts C. operations D. encouragements68. A. achievement B. dream C. determination D. breakthrough69. A. construct B. develop C. announce D. save70. A. opposing B. unexpected C. unfamiliar D. dangerous71. A. Exploring B. Touring C. Developing D. Overlooking72. A. unadvisable B. priceless C. demanding D. worthless73. A. tolerance B. accusation C. suspicion D. risk74. A. efficiently B. carefully C. merrily D. creatively75. A. built B. ruined C. discovered D. recorded76. A. untidy B. ancient C. forgotten D. important77. A. crawl B. experience C. prospection D. exploitation78. A. unknown B. disgusting C. hard D. thick79. A. at last B. in contrast C. in result D. with effort80. A. misery B. result C. reflection D. importanceKeys: (A) 51-55 CADBA 56-60 CDCBA 61-65 BDCDA(B) 66-70 CBADD 71-75 ACDBA 76-80 CBBADIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Today’s youth seem content to take the easy route and enjoy the ride of life. When ___41___ situations arise, they often pull a long face and ___42___. How you live your teen years will have a profound impact on the rest of your life. You must learn to utilize (利用) your ___43___ wisely.You may not see it now, ___44___ developing leadership characteristics at a young age is very important. ___45___ we get older, it becomes harder to overcome bad habits and replace them with good ones. Possessing leadership qualities is essential, both in this life and in the world to come.There are certain qualities that one needs to develop in order to become a leader: justice, judgment, dependability, initiative, decisiveness, courage, knowledge and loyalty. You may recognize these as good qualities to have, without realizing how they apply to leadership. The more that these qualities are part of your nature, the more ___46___ and enjoyable your life will be. All of these are qualities that one must possess to one degree or another.___47___ popular opinion, leadership is something that is learned. No one is born a leader. We are all capable of ___48___ the leadership qualities mentioned above—some just choose not to. Of course, not everyone can be the “top dog”, ___49___ all the time. However, everyone does have the capacity to lead in some way—but ___50___ is required!Understand that learning is a fact of life—learning to ride a bike, learning to drive, learning to type, learning mathematics, etc. All of these activities ___51___ action, if we do not ___52___ and develop them, those abilities will never come to perfection.Youth is an excellent time to start developing leadership qualities. ___53___ the time to study each one in detail. Put them into practice as you interact with other people. Determine which areas you are weak in, striving to always improve. Observe the leaders and how they handle situations and carry themselves. Also, study the lives of great leaders. The results will ___54___ you in this life —and ___55___!41. A. comfortable B. tough C. enjoyable D. convenient42. A. shout B. laugh C. complain D. regret43. A. intelligence B. time C. degree D. challenge44. A. but B. while C. for D. since45. A. Before B. After C. As D. Though46. A. efficient B. effective C. sufficient D. productive47. A. In spite of B. Contrary to C. As for D. Regardless of48. A. demanding B. carrying C. exhibiting D. expecting49. A. let alone B. depend on C. start off D. get together50. A. patience B. perseverance C. intelligence D. action51. A. require B. cause C. profit D. set52. A. increase B. exploit C. recall D. demonstrate53. A. Spend B. Take C. Pay D. Consume54. A. serve B. encourage C. charge D. entitle55. A. out B. beyond C. away D. offKeys: 41-45 BCBAC 46-50 DBCAD 51-55 ABBABIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Can we do without cash? Since 2015, digital payments in the UK have ____41____ those in cash, and we are invited by the great and the good1to cheer this on. The fully cashless era will be magnificently ____42____, they say, with goods delivered directly to the door: no fumbling(摸索) for change, just tap and go. Some London ____43____ of several chains don’t accept cash any more. Businesses and banks want to ____44____ cash because they have fears of the black market and tax avoidance. Yet we should worry about the ____45____ of cash, because physical money possesses worth far above its face value.Actual ____46____ money, in the hand, teaches us its true value. With cash, what you see is what you have. Exchanging it demands personal engagement and ____47____ the wheels of acommunity. In the shop, the exchange of cash takes time: it involves eye meeting eye. A digital touch payment is done in a(n) ____48____: no human interaction necessary.Without cash, ____49____ gifts of money become impossible: no more helping a fellow passenger with a bus fare, no ____50____ change to charity or beggar. ____51____, the lack of cash means even the most fundamental aspects of etiquette(礼节) are under pressure. Tipping in restaurants is changing beyond recognition. In simpler times, any amount of cash, warmly generous and pointedly small could be left as a reward. In the digital age, any extra money ____52____ to the restaurant account may never reach the staff pocket.Cash is a(n) ____53____ of what money stands for. It promotes independence and engagement. Security concerns are reduced to the age-old matter of keeping hold of what you have. By contrast, a cashless society is a joyless and cold one. People ____54____ treat everything around when they are drawing on the digital service. Besides, cash is a great leveler(平等物). Every penny, pound and bank note sits the same in every hand, _____55_____ in hand and appearance. A pocketful of change is like a gallery of museums. The roses, ostrich feathers and lions on the coins reveal the history that shaped Untied Kingdom. It is really crazy to give up on cash.41. A. prevented B. attempted C. outnumbered D. launched42. A. economic B. elaborate C. deliberate D. convenient43. A. branches B. situations C. minorities D. horizons44. A. work out B. do away with C. turn down D. make out45. A. identification B. justification C. rebirth D. deaths46. A. digital B. physical C. pocket D. current47. A. fuels B. oils C. pulls D. draws48. A. flight B. pause C. flash D. magic49. A. imposing B. impulsive C. inconsiderate D. gracious50. A. loose B. scarce C. steady D. tense51. A. On the other hand B. By contrast C. On the whole D. Worse still52. A. donated B. devoted C. transferred D. removed53. A. reminder B. simplification C. record D. function54. A. indifferently B. sadly C. cruelly D. accordingly55. A. essential B. feasible C. comparably D. identicalKeys: 41-45CDABD 46-50 BBCBA51-55 DCAADIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Deliberate practice refers to a special type of practice that is purposeful and systematic. __ 41__ regular practice might include mindless repetitions, deliberate practice requires focused attention and is conducted with the specific goal of improving __42__.The greatest __ 43 __ of deliberate practice is to remain focused. In the beginning, showing up is the most important thing. But after a while we begin to carelessly __ 44 __ small errors and miss daily opportunities for improvement. This is because the natural tendency of the human brain is to __45__ repeated behaviors into automatic habits. __ 46 __, when you first learned to tie your shoes you had to think carefully about each step of the process. Today, after many repetitions, your brain can perform this sequence __ 47 __. The more we repeat a task the more mindless it becomes.Mindless activity is the __ 48 __ of deliberate practice. The danger of practicing the same thing again and again is that progress becomes __ 49 __. Too often, we think we are getting better simply because we are gaining experience. In __ 50 __, we are merely reinforcing(加强) our current habits — not improving them.Claiming that improvement requires attention and effort sounds logical enough. But what does deliberate practice actually look like in the real world?The first effective feedback system is __ 51 __. This holds true for the number of pages we read, the number of pushups we do, the number of sales calls we make, and any other task that is important to us. It is only through measurement that we have any __ 52 __ of whether we are getting better or worse.The second effective feedback system is coaching. One consistent finding across disciplinesis that coaches are often essential for __ 53 __ deliberate practice. In many cases, it is nearly impossible to both perform a task and measure your progress at the same time. Good coaches can track your progress, find small ways to improve, and hold you __54__ to delivering your best effort each day.Deliberate practice is not a comfortable activity. It requires sustained effort and concentration, but if you can manage to maintain your focus and __ 55 __, then the promise of deliberate practice is quite tempting: to get the most out of what you’ve got.41. A. Since B. Whether C. While D. As42. A. awareness B. performance C. enjoyment D. intelligence43. A. equivalent B. ambition C. challenge D. appeal44. A. overlook B. insert C. detect D. implement45. A. transport B. translate C. transplant D. transform46. A. For example B. On the contrary C. As a result D. On the other hand47. A. carelessly B. accurately C. instantly D. automatically48. A. outcome B. enemy C. source D. substitute49. A. distracted B. imposed C. assumed D. noted50. A. reality B. despair C. contrast D. return51. A. encouragement B. compliment C. measurement D. management52. A. motivation B. proof C. trouble D. concern53. A. resisting B. eliminating C. defining D. sustaining54. A. accountable B. opposed C. addicted D. parallel55. A. existence B. commitment C. dignity D. perspectiveKeys: 41-45 CBCAD 46-50 ADBCA 51-55 CBDABIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.。

2019届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--选词填空--学生版(纯净word已校对终结版)

2019届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--选词填空--学生版(纯净word已校对终结版)

Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Overcoming Obstacles: How Your Biggest Failure Can Lead to Your Success There’s been a lot written on the theme of failure and how essential it is to success. In a world where ___31___ is given for people’s accomplishments, failing feels dangerous. The fear of failure can stop people taking risks that might lead to success.Heidi Grant Halvorson, a psychologist, points out much of success is ___32___ not on talent but on learning from your mistakes.About half of the people in the world hold that ability in an area --- be it creative or social skill --- is natural. The other half believes, instead, that someone might have a preference or something --- say painting or speaking foreign languages --- but this ability can be improved through ___33___ practice or training.It’s almost impossible to think rationally (理性地) while shouting at yourself, “I’m a failure”. But when you ___34___ your thinking, you will probably see what you can control --- your behavior, your planning, your reactions --- and change them.The primary ___35___ between successful people and unsuccessful people is that the successful people fail more. If you see failure as a monster approaching you, take another look.Success is as scary as failure. Researchers report that satisfaction grows on challenges. Think about it --- a computer game you can always win is boring; one you can win ___36___, and with considerable effort, is fun. In pursuit of success, failure exposes areas that you need to ___37___. So the failure serves as a brick wall to test how you apply yourself to ___38___ your objectives and how much you want them.There is a way to distinguish whether a failure ___39___ you to double down or walk away, says Halvorson. If, when things get rough, you remain fascinated by your goal, you should keep going. If what you’re doing is costing you too much time and energy or it’s not bringing you joy,you should give a second thought to the ___40___ of your goal and even set a new one.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The NileThe ancient Greek writer Herodotus once described Egypt-with some envy-as‘the gift of the Nile’. The Egyptians depend on the river for food, for water and for life. The Ancient Egyptians were able to control and use the Nile, creating the earliest irrigation systems and developing a prosperous ___31___.Snaking through the deserts, the Nile would flood almost ___32___ each year in June. Once the water subsided, a rich deposit of sand was left behind, making an excellent topsoil. Seeds were sown, yielding wheat, barley, beans, lentils and leeks. Drought could spell disaster for the Egyptians, so during the dry seasons, they dug basins and channels to deliver water to their land. They also devised simple channels to transfer water at the peak of the flood.An early system of ___33___ a Nilometer, was used to determine the size of the floods. Later, during the New Kingdom, a lifting system called a shaduf was used to raise water from the river--___34___ to the way in which a well is used today.The Egyptians took up some of the earliest trading missions. Without a(n) ___35___ system they exchanged goods, bringing back timber, precious stones, pottery, spices and animals. Their efforts in medicine were also ___36___ advanced: surgeons performed operations to remove cysts(囊肿). Mummification gave them great understanding of the human body-yet they also relied heavily on various medicines to prevent disease, and discoveries were often confused with superstition(迷信). And while a great deal of time was dedicated to ___37___ the Egyptians thought the stars were gods.By the 16th century Egypt was under the Ottoman Empire until Britain seized control in 1882. What is now mostly Arabic Egypt only won ___38___ from Britain after World War II. The SuezCanal, opened in 1869, __________the country as a center for world transportation. But it, and the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 ___40___ the ecology of the Nile, which now struggles to satisfy the country’s rapidly growing population, currently more than 76 million-the largest in the Arab world.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Workforce of the FutureThe workplace is changing rapidly. Rather than the standard working day of nine to five, employees are working more flexibly to meet their busy home lives. Advances in technology are ___31___ the very nature of the tasks and skills required in the workplace.To gain a full perspective of how the workplace is set to change over the next decade, employee benefits provider Unum UK ___32___ with The Future Laboratory to survey 3,000 workers across several industries. They also interviewed industry experts and business leaders on topics from artificial intelligence and robotics to the increase of flexible working and an ageing workforce.The resulting outlines some of the employment changes that businesses can expect to see over the next decade and predicts the ___33___ of two worker cultures which will dominate the workforce. They are the obligated and the self-fulfilled worker.“O bligated workers” refer to people with dependents and the sandwich generation, ___34___ raising children with caring for elderly parents. Therefore, they value a career ___35___ to life stages and events and financial security. Joel Defries, 33, father of one kid and partner at London Vodka said, “A flexible employer will allow me to have a long paternity leave(陪产假) and to value my family j ust as much as I value my job.”Self-fulfilled workers are committed to life-long learning and acquiring new skills rather than ___36___ to an employer. They actively look for personal development and want employee benefits that help them ___37___ both their personal and professional ambitions. They treat personal commitments and pursuits as ___38___ to professional commitments. Elly Kemp, 31, ___39___ a full-time employee, now working part-time in a cafe and also assisting with her grandmother’s care said, “My approach to work allows me the freedom to ___40___ my career at my own pace. I want my work to be fluid so I can change it when I want and to whatever makes me happy at the time.”Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Aurora(极光):wonders or disturbancesCanada,February 2017: I stood in the snow on a frozen lake, watching as the sky twisted in front of me. Green bands of light ____31____ out in the darkness. Slowly the colors twisted and broke and reappeared elsewhere until, suddenly, a whole band flowed and pulsed across the sky, ____32____ with delicate yellow. pinks and purples. It was as dramatic as thunderstorm, yet calm.Gentle,yet ____33____, Most of all,it was a gift.This was my fifth aurora trip and the first time I had seen fast movements and bright colors.The calm green auroral displays that many people see are driven by a(n)_____34_____ stream of particles(微粒) from called the solar wind. But when the sun throws us extra hot fast particles, this process goes overdrive-we get much more movement and colour, It is glorious! Aurora-spotters long for it.But for some, the wild movements of the heavens can have serious ____35____ Satellites’electronics are affected or damaged by incoming fast particles, ____36____ industries that rely on them. Flights may need to change course to avoid radio ____37____ around the poles, or to protectaircrew from enhanced radiation exposure. During a solar storm, aircrew may receive their annual radiation limit over a single flight.Stormy space weather affects us on the ground, too. A larger storm in 1989 caused a 10-hour electrical blackout over Canada's Quebec Province, costing the economy a(n) ____38____ C$10 billion. Disturbance of the atmosphere causes problems with radio broadcast and GPS. In September 2017,a huge solar fame ______39_____ just as Hurricane Fran hit the Caribbean. The resultant HF radio blackout held up the emergency response, Meanwhile, beautiful aurora displays were seen in England. Place its beauty aside, then, and the auroral ___40___is nothing other than a giant planetary disturbance, more of a worry than a wonder for some people. Yet seldom do such disturbances have such fascinating side effects as that of the aurora dancing across our Arctic skies.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The human body can tolerate only a small range of temperature, especially when the person is engaged in vigorous activity. Heat (31) _______ usually occur when large amounts of water and/or salt are lost through oversweating following exhausting exercise. When the body becomes overheated and cannot (32) _______ this overheatedness, heat exhaustion and heat stroke are possible.Heat exhaustion is generally (33) _______ by sweaty skin, tiredness, sickness, dizziness, plentiful sweating, and sometimes fainting, resulting from a(n) (34) _______ intake of water and the loss of fluids. First aid treatment for this condition includes having the victim lie down, (35) _______ the feet 8 to 12 inches, applying cool, wet cloths to the skin, and giving the victim sips of salt water (1 teaspoon per glass, half a glass every 15 minutes) over a 1-hour period.Heat stroke is much more serious; it is a(n) (36) _______ life-threatening situation. The characteristics of heat stroke are a high body temperature (which may reach 106° F or more); arapid pulse; hot, dry skin; and a blocked sweating (37) _______. Victims of this condition may be unconscious, and first-aid measures should be (38) _______ at quickly cooling the body. The victim should be placed in a tub of cold water or (39) _______ sponged with cool water until his or her temperature is sufficiently lowered. Fans or air conditioners will also help with the cooling (40) _______. Care should be taken, however, not to over-chill the victim once the temperature is below 102° F.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.They’re till kids, and although there’s a lot that the experts don’t yet know about them, one thing they do agree on is that what the kids use and expect from their world has changed rapidly. And it’s all because of technology.To the psychologists, sociologists, and media experts who study them, their digital devices set this new group ___31___ , even from their Millennial(千禧年的) elders, who are quite familiar with technology. They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older brothers and sisters don’t quite get. These differences may appear slight, but they ___32___ the appearance of a new generation.The ___33___ between Millennial elders and this younger group was so evident to psychologist Larry Rosen that he has ___34___the birth of a new generation in a new book, Rewired: Understanding the ingeneration and the Way They Learn, out next month. Rosen says the technically ___35___ life experience of those born since the early 1990s is so different from the Millennial elders he wrote about in his 2007 book, Me, MySpace and I: Parenting the Net Generation, that they distinguish themselves as a new generation, which he has given them the nickname of “ingeneration”.Rosen says portability is key. They are ___36___ from their wireless devices, which allowthem to text as well as talk, so they can be constantly connected-even in class, where cell phones are ___37___ banned.Many researchers are trying to determine whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently. “They should be distracted and should perform more poorly than they do,” Rosen says. “But findings show teens ___38___ distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development.”Because these kids are more devoted to technology at younger ages, Rosen says, the educational system has to change ___39___."The growth on the use of technology with children is rapid, and we run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think, we have to give them options because they want their world ___40___.” Rosen says.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Welcome to Windsor CastleWindsor Castle is the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world and the Official Residence of the Queen of Britain. Over a period of nearly 1,000 years it has been ___31___ continuously, and altered and redecorated by monarchs(君主)one after the other. Some were great builders, strengthening the Castle against ___32___ and rebellion; others, living in more peaceful times, created a grand Royal residence. William the Conqueror chose the site, high above the river Thames and on the edge of a Saxon hunting ground. It was a day’s march from the Tower of London and intended to guard the western ___33___ to the capital. The outer walls of today’s structure are in the same position as those of the ___34___ castle built by William the Conqueror in the 1070s.The Queen uses the Castle both as a private home, where she usually spends theweekend, and as a Royal residence at which she undertakes certain formal duties. Windsor Castle is ___35___ used by the Queen to host State Visits from overseas monarchs and presidents. Every year the Queen takes up official residence in Windsor Castle for a month over Easter (March-April).The Castle is huge, so people tend to head for the most ___36___ bits---the State Apartments, St. George’s Chapel, the Gallery and the delightful Queen Mary’s Dolls House. Works of art, antique furniture, curiosities and impressive architecture reflect the tastes of many different royal generations. The State Apartments are ___37___ decorated formal rooms still used for state and official functions.The magnificent and beautiful St. George’s Chapel was started in 1475 by Edward IV and was completed 50 years later by Henry VIII. It ___38___ among the finest examples of late medieval architecture in the UK.The Drawings Gallery ___39___ the exhibition “The Queen: 60 Photographs for 60 Years”. The exhibition presents portraits of the Queen ___40___ in brief moments on both official occasions and at relaxed family gatherings.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Artificial skin is a substitute for human skin produced in the laboratory, typically used to treat burns. Different types of artificial skin differ in their complexity, but all are designed to ___31___ at least some of the skin's basic functions, which include protecting against wetness and infection and regulating body heat.Skin is primarily made of two layers: the uppermost layer, the epidermis, which serves as a protection against the environment; and the dermis, the layer below the epidermis. The dermis also contains substances, which help to make the skin ___32___ and maintain its biological functions.Artificial skins close wounds, which prevents bacterial infection and water loss and in result the wounded skin can ___33___. For example, one commonly used artificial skin, Integra. functions as a support between cells that helps regulate cell behavior and causes a new dermis to form by promoting cell growth and collagen(股原质) ___34___. The Integra “dermis” is also biodegradable(可生物降解的). It is gradually absorbed and replaced by the new dermis.Aside from its uses in the clinical35, artificial skin may also be used to model human skin for research. For example, artificial skin is used as an alternative in animal testing. Such testing may cause ___36___ pain and discomfort to the animals and it does not ___37___ predict the response of human skin. Some companies like L’óreal have already used ar tificial skin to test many ___38___ ingredients and products. Other research applications include how skin is affected by UV exposure and how certain substances in sunscreen and medicines are transported through skin.Today new technology has been developed by growing ___39 ___ of skin taken from the patient or other humans. One major source is the foreskins of newborns. Such cells often do not stimulate the body’s immune system-a mechanism that allows babies to develop within their mother’s body-and hence are much less likely to be ___40___ by the patient's body.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Scientists at Cornell University in New York studied the eating habits of 139 people enjoying an Italian buffet (自助餐) in a restaurant. The price of the food was set by the ___33___ at either $4 or $8 for the all-you-can-eat meal. Customers were askedto ___34___ how good the food tasted, the quality of the restaurant and to leave their names.The experiment ___35___ that the people who paid $8 for the food enjoyed their meal 11 percent more than those who ate the “cheaper” buffet. Interestingly those that paid for the $4 buffet said they felt guiltier about loading up their plates and felt that they ___36___ . However, the scientists said that both groups ate around the same quantity of food in total, according to the study ___37___ at the Experimental Biology meeting this week.Brian Wansink, a professor of ___38___ behaviour at the university, said: “We were fascinated to find that pricing has little impact on how much one eats, but a huge impact on how you ___39___ the experience.” He thinks that people enjoyed their food more as they associated cost with quality and that small changes to a restaurant can change how tasty people find their meals.Ina(n) ___40___ study, scientists from the university showed that people who eat in dim lighting consume 175 less calories (卡路里) than people who eat in brightly lit areas.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The Father of JD PrintingAbout twenty years ago, the surgeons at the Wilford Hull medical center working to separate a pair of conjoined(连体的) twins thought that only one would be able to walk after the operation. After a model of the girls’ bone structure was ____31____ using 3D printing, however, they found a shared upper leg bone to be bigger than expected and split it successfully, ____32_____ in both twins being able to walk. Now eighty and still working as chief technology officer of 3D Systems.Chuck Hull is enjoying some minor ____33____ 31 years after he first printed a small black eye-wash cup using a new method of manufacturing known as 3D printing.At the time, he was working for a company that used UV light to put thin layers of plastic coats on tabletops and ____34____. He had an idea that if he could place thousands of thin layers of plastic on top of each other and then cut their shape using light, he would be able to form three dimensional objects. After a year, he ____35____ a system where light was shone into a bottle of photopolymer – a material which changes from liquid to plastic-like solid when light shines on it –and traces the shape of one level of the object. Subsequent layers are then printed until it is ____36_____.After patenting the invention, he set up 3D Systems, ____37____ getting $6m (£3.5m) from a Canadian investor. The first ____38____ product came out in 1988 and proved a hit among car manufacturers, in the aerospace sector and for companies designing medical equipment. The possibilities appear endless – from home-printed food and medicine to ____39____ that pictures of objects be able to be taken in shops and then recreated using plans downloaded from the Internet Although deliberate in his responses, there is one moment when the ____40____ spoken Chuck Hull tells of his surprise about what exactly his creation was capable of achieving.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Want to figure out if someone is a psychopath (精神变态者)? Ask them what their favourite song is. A New York University study last year found that people who loved Eminem’s Lose Yourself and Justin Bieber’s What Do You Mean? were more likely to ___31___ highly on the psychopathy scale than people who were into Dire Straits.Over the past few years, Spotify has been enhancing its data analytic ___32___ in an attempt to help marketers ___33___ consumers with adverts tailored to the mood they’re in. They inferthis from the sort of music you’re listening to, ___34___with where and when you’re listening to it, along with third-party data that might be available.Now, to be clear, there’s nothing particularly ___35___ about what Spotify is doing with your data. I certainly don’t think that they are working with shadowy consulting firms to serve you ads promoting a culture war while you’re listening to the songs that ___36___ you might be in a casually racist mood. Nevertheless, I find it ___37___ that our personal private moments with music are increasingly being turned into data points and sold to advertisers.You can see where this could go, can’t you? As ad targeting gets ever more complicated, marketers will have the ability to target our emotions in ___38___ exploitative ways. According to one study, titled Misery Is Not Miserly, you are more likely to spend more on a ___39___ if you’re feeling sad. You can imagine some companies might take advantage of that. A nd on that note, I’m feeling a little down about all this. I’ll ___40___ off to treat myself to something expensive.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The ability of the herd mentality(从众心理) to increase people’s chances of liking or believing something may help explain a wide variety of phenomena. Aral (A managerial economist at the Massachusetts institute of technology) says, from housing ____31____ to gold prices and from political polls to restaurant reviews, the ____32____ that other people like something has a powerful ability to make people like it themselves.The new study ____33____ how simple it would be for companies to control reviews of their products by simply adding a few positive ____34____ of their own early reviews in the process, Aral adds.It found that effects were strongest when stories were about politics, business and culturesthan for fun or lifestyle pieces. In situations where there are more ____35____ news reviews, you have to be a little more cautious about interpreting likes and dislikes.“Think twice before you trust, how many likes something has,” he adds. “That’s something you have to ____36____ with a grain of salt (持怀疑态度).” And it’s a situation many online users ____37____ on a daily basis.Aral recently went on Yelp website to review a restaurant with a plan to give it three out of five stars, but when he got to the ____38____, he was shown how other people describe the same place and those reviews include someone with five stars. Seeing those positive reviews made him think twice about his own ____39____ average opinion.“A woman ____40____ how great it is, how great her great prices are and how the lemon sauce is so great,” he says. “Maybe it’s not such a good idea to say some rating right before you make your own.”Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Dealing with Difficult RelationshipsEveryone has at least one awkward or ____31____ relationship. It may be with somebody who will ____32____ your energy whenever you are with them. Or worse, it could be someone who always cuts you down. This person may be a family member or even a friend. No matter who it is, it’s necessary that you learn to set boundaries for yourself. Otherwise this kind of relationship can chip away at your self-esteem.Setting boundaries for difficult relationships starts by ____33____ how you are affected by the relationship. Do they b ring you closer to your goals or pull you farther away? For example, it’s time to study for tomorrow’s test. But your friend wants to take you to a party. Here, setting boundaries will help protect your ____34____ goals.Next, decide how much time you shou ld spend with these people. It’s easy to overcommit yourself. But it’s difficult to help others if you forget to protect your own ____35____.How do you know if a relationship is unhealthy, and it’s time to set boundaries? Here are a few practical questions to ask yourself.1. How does this relationship affect me?Every ____36____ can affect you positively or negatively. For example, someone whopressures you to something you’re not comfortable doing will ____37____ you out. But a friend who considers how you feel will respect your ____38____ to try something new.2. Why am I in this relationship in the first place?People may try to keep you in an unhealthy relationship. By ____39____ you it’s your obligation or duty, you forget about your own needs. Sadly, by remaining ____40____ to these people, you forget who you are. You allow them to take advantage of you or even belittle you.Settling boundaries requires taking a long, honest look at yourself. By saying “no” to harmful patterns in relationships, you say “yes” to a healthier you.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Is climate change consuming your favorite foods?Coffee: Whether or not you try to limit yourself to one cup of coffee a day, the effects of climate change on the world’s coffee-growing regions may leave you little choice. Coffee plantations in South America, Africa, Asia and Hawaii are all being threatened by rising air temperatures and unstable rainfall patterns, which invite disease and ____32____ species to live on the coffee plant and ripening beans. The result? Significant cuts in coffee yield and less coffee in your cup. It is estimated that, if current climate patterns continue, half of the areas ____33____ suitable for coffee production won't be by the year 2050.Tea: When it comes to tea, warmer climates and erratic precipitation aren’t only ____34____ the world’s tea-growing regions, they’re also messing with its distinct flavor. For example, in India, researchers have already discovered that the Indian Monsoon has brought more intense rainfall, making tea flavor weaker. Recent research coming out of the University of Southampton suggests that tea-producing areas in some places, ____35____ East Africa, could decline by as much as 55 percent by 2050 as precipitation and temperatures change. Tea pickers are also feeling the ____36____ of climate change. During harvest season, increased air temperatures are creating an increased risk of heatstroke for field workers.Seafood: Climate change is affecting the world's aquaculture as much as its agriculture. As air temperatures rise, oceans and waterways absorb some of the heat and ____37____ warming of their own. The result is a decline in fish population, including in lobsters (who are cold-blooded creatures), and salmon (whose eggs find it hard to survive in higher water temps). Warmer waters also _____38_____ toxic marine bacteria, like Vibrio, to grow and cause illness in humans whenever ingested with raw seafood, like oysters or sashimi.And that ____39_____ “crack” you get when eating crab and lobster? It could be silenced as shellfish struggle to build their calcium(碳) carbonate shells, a result of ocean acidification (absorb carbon dioxide from the air). According to a study, scientists predicted that if over-fishing and rising temperature trends continued at their present rate, the world's seafood ____40___ would run out by the year 2050.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Getting help with parenting makes a difference -- at any age New Oxford University study finds that parenting interventions(育儿干预) for helping children with behavior problems are just as effective in school age, as in younger children.。

2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解A篇--老师版(带答案已校对珍藏版)

2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解A篇--老师版(带答案已校对珍藏版)

III. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AI’ve become increasingly concerned about the linguistic sloppiness of the average worker, and not those who have learned English as a second language but native English speakers, regardless of income level, schooling or other determining factors.The number of people who read seems to be decreasing. The digital world has become the preferred baby sitter for children and the most effective way for adults to comfort themselves after a day’s work. Teachers, overworked and underpaid, seem to be fighting a losing battle – or are some prolonging it?These days I see glaring grammatical errors on résumés and cover letters, websites, signs, emails regardless of management skills or income level. Job hunters write asking me for “advise”. People who are in the job market, hoping to be invited in for an interview, write some of these, and the paperwork is full of punctuation and grammatical mistakes. Were they careless? Or do they not know? Maybe it doesn’t matter. Maybe the hiring authority doesn’t know the difference either.The other day I saw the back of a company shirt that said: “providing quality service since 10 years.” A company shirt? How many were printed and are worn by employees who walk around advertising that their company has someone in an upper-level management position who didn’t catch the error or, worse yet, didn’t know the difference?Last week a senior level manager emailed me. He confused “its” and “it’s” in three different places. Here’s another example: I do product testing for a research panel. The product came with a slip of paper that said: “This commitment covers not discussing this product or it’s usage with others outside your home.”Here’s what really bugs me: a rule that seems to have come into effect – if in doubt, add an apostrophe. So what has happened is that people all over America have lost the understanding of the difference between plural and possessive.Your résumés and your cover letter are not just a summary of your background. They are not just an introduction of you when you hope to be considered for an interview. First and foremost, it is a brochure, and it is selling a product, and the product is you. If you wouldn’t go to an interview in blue jeans, don’t send your cover letter and résumés with mistakes to a prospective employer.Don’t rely on Microsoft Word’s ABC/grammar checker. It isn’t able to detect if a word is spelled correctly but used out of context. The grammar checker won’t help you unless you have a fundamental understanding of grammar to begin with. In fact, if you defer to the grammar checker’s advice, you’ll probably increase your number of mistakes.An excellent reference book to keep on hand is The Elements of Grammar by Margaret Shertzer. In “Words Often Confused”, it clarifies the differences between pairs of words such as “well/good” and “less/fewer”.Don’t tell yourself it doesn’t matter. Above all, don’t tell yourself that everyone speaks poorly these days, and the hiring authority won’t know or care. The ability to communicate, written and spoken, is of utmost importance – certainly in business. And it only becomes more valuable as fewer people are able to demonstrate it.56.The examples cited in paragraphs 4 and 5 are intended to illustrate ______.A. the employees are proud of their companyB. to err is humanC. holding senior positions doesn’t guarantee correct usage of languageD. managers are so busy as to be careless with their language57.According to the author, when American people are not sure whether to use “it’s” or “its”, they are likely to ______.A. use the formerB. use the latterC. ask the author for adviceD. turn to Microsoft Word58.The underlined word “defer” can be best replaced by ______.A. consultB. followC. objectD. yield59.Which of the following statements will the author probably agree with?A. Going to a job interview in smart jeans is better than sending résumés with mistakes to a prospective employer.B. Microsoft Word’s spelling checker cannot always spot a mistake because it has a limitedvocabulary.C. Some teachers are themselves using language incorrectly.D. The hiring authorities care about linguistic correctness and act as role models.Keys: 56-59 CADCIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.The summer I turned 16, my father gave me his ‘69 Chevy Malibu convertible(敞篷车)’. Beautifully repainted with V-8 engine—it was a gift wasted on me at that age. What did I know about classic cars? The important thing was that Hannah and I could drive around Tucson with the top down.Hannah was my best friend, a year younger but much taller, almost five foot ten. “Hannah’s going to be something,” my mother always said. And sure enough, that summer she signed with a modeling agency. She was already doing catalog and runway work.A month after my birthday, Hannah and I went to the movies. On the way home, we stopped at the McDonald’s drive-through, putting the fries on the seat between us to share.“Let’s ride around awhile,” I said. It was a clear night, oven-warm, full moon cast low over the desert. Taking a curve too fast, I hit a patch of dirt and slid from side to side. I then cut through a neighbor’s landscape wall and drove into a full-grown palm. The front wheels came to rest halfway up the tree trunk.French fries on the floor, the dash, and my lap. An impossible amount of blood on Hannah’s face, pieces of skin hanging into her eyes. They took us in separate ambulances. In the emergency room, my parents spoke quietly: Best plastic surgeon in the city. End of her modeling career.We’d been wearing lap belts, but the car didn’t have shoulder bands. I’d damaged my cheekbone on the wheel; Hannah’s forehead had split wide open on the dash. What would I say to her?When her mother, Sharon, came into my hospital room, I started to cry, bracing myself for her anger. She sat beside me and took my hand. “I hit my best friend’s car in the rear when I was your age,” she said. “I wrecked her car and mine.”“I’m so sorry,” I said.“You’re both alive,” she said. “The rest is window dressing.” I started to protest, and Sharon stopped me. “I forgive you. Hannah will too.”Sharon’s forgiveness allowed Hannah and me to get back in the car together that summer, to stay friends throughout high school and college, to be in each other’s weddings, and to watch my four teenagers fawn over her three younger children. I think of her gift of forgiveness every time I’m tempted to blame someone for something recognized as wrong. And whenever I see Hannah. The scars are so faded that no one else would notice, but in the sunlight I can still see the faint shimmer(微光) just below her hairline—for me, an sign of grace.56. Which of the following about Hannah is TRUE according to the passage?A. She was not as badly injured as the author.B. She never really forgave me though her mother did.C. She learned the gift of forgiveness through the accident.D. She could have been a model if she hadn’t experienced the accident.57. In paragraph 4, “window dressing” is closest in meaning to “_______”.A. insignificantB. colorfulC. undeterminedD. hopeful58. According to the passage, Sharon comforted the author by _______.A. showing her own scarB. mentioning her own storyC. visiting the author in personD. teaching the author a personal lesson59. Which of the following might be the best title of the article?A. A Graceful FriendB. A Lasting FriendshipC. A Lucky Car AccidentD. The Gift of ForgivenessKeys: 56-59 DABDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AMeasles (麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine (疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called “herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work.But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out (决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption(豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.56. The first two paragraphs suggest that __________.A. a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trendB. the outbreak of measles attracts the public attentionC. anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasonsD. information about measles spreads quickly57. Herd immunity works well when __________.A. exemptions are allowedB. several vaccines are used togetherC. the whole neighborhood is involved inD. new regulations are added to the state laws58. What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?A. The overuse of vaccine.B. The lack of medical care.C. The features of measles itself.D. The vaccine opt-outs of some people.59. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To introduce the idea of exemption.B. To discuss methods to cure measles.C. To stress the importance of vaccination.D. To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.Keys: 56-59 ACDCIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Sandra Boynton, a children’s author, has in more recent years branched out into kids music. Her most recent album Hog Wild!, for example, features Samuel L. Jackson as a Tyrannosaurus Rex. She talked in an interview about how to tap into kids' imaginations and how to make scary things less threatening for them.In your years of writing and illustrating children’s books, have you noticed anything that really sparks a child’s imagination?I think maybe there’s no basic difference between what fascinates a child and what fascinates the rest of us. We’re all drawn to things that wake us up, things that grab our attention through our hearing or our sight or our sense of touch. We’re curious about the world as it is, and we’re curious about what could be. Imagination follows curiosity pretty naturally.It doesn’t feel to me like it’s been a long time that I’ve been drawing and writing things. It doesn’t feel like a short time, either. It just feels like what I do. I make things. I’m a permanent Kindergartner, I guess.You often take a threatening figure like a Tyrannosaurus Rex or a monster and make him cute. Do you have any suggestions for how to make children less afraid of things?Actually, I think kids kind of like being afraid of things, as long as someone calm is right there with reassurance. Hugging helps.What have you learned about childhood from writing kids’ books?Accessing childhood has actually never been that hard. It’s adulthood that’s still perplexing.I would guess that most children’s book writers are that way. I’m really writing books and making music for my own child-self. But I’m certainly delighted and grateful that my books work for people other than just me. It keeps me from having to find an actual job.A lot of authors are worried that children spend too much time on digital devices rather than with books, but you seem to have embraced it. Why?When the interactive book app universe was new, I was, as a creator of things, curious. My background is theater, and I thought it could be interesting to try to figure out how to create content that’s both theater-like and book-like. I found a superb partner in this, the insanely ingenious Loud Crow Interactive in Vancouver. We worked intensively together for a couple of years and made five very cool apps. I’m proud of them. But now, having too often seen very young kids sitting idly, staring at screens, I have my doubts.81. What does Sandra Boynton think about imagination?A. It fascinates both adults and children.B. It can be waken up by attention to senses.C. It can be naturally aroused out of curiosity.D. It lasts for long in a permanent kindergartner.82. When writing children’s books, Sandra ______.A. finds herself confused about remembering childhoodB. agrees with other book writers that writing is hardC. puts herself in a child’s place and thinks like a childD. is delighted that she doesn’t need to find another job83. Sandra thinks the apps she made with her partner were cool because they were ______.A. new ways to increase interactions between usersB. interactive by combining theatre and bookC. beneficial with the content both theatre-like and book-likeD. created by an insanely ingenious expert and friend84. We can conclude from the interview that ______.A. Sandra is good at making a threatening figure cuteB. kids are always calm instead of being afraid of thingsC. digital devices have been embraced by most of the authorsD. there were no interactive book apps before Sandra’s appsKeys: 81-84CCBAIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The days of the hunter are almost over in India. This is partly because there is practically nothing left to kill, and partly because some steps have been taken, mainly by banning tiger-shooting, to protect those animals which still survive.Some people say that Man is naturally a hunter. I disagree with this view. Surely our earliestforefathers, who at first possessed no weapons, spent their time digging for roots, and were no doubt themselves often hunted by meat-eating animals.I believe the main reason why the modern hunter kills is that he thinks people will admire his courage in overpowering dangerous animals. Of course, there are some who truly believe that the killing is not really the important thing, and that the chief pleasure lies in the joy of the hunt and the beauties of the wild countryside. There are also those for whom hunting in fact offers a chance to prove themselves and risk death by design; these men go out after dangerous animals like tigers, even if they say they only do it to rid the countryside of a threat. I can respect reasons like these, but they are clearly different from the need to strengthen your high opinion of yourself.The greatest big-game hunters expressed in their writings something of these finer motives. One of them wrote, “You must properly respect what you are after and shoot it cleanly and on the animal’s own territory. You must fix forever in your mind all the wonders of that particular day. This is better than letting him grow a few years older to be attacked and wounded by his own son and eventually eaten, half alive, by other animals, Hunting is not a cruel and senseless killing – not if you respect the thing you kill, not if you kill to enrich your memories, not if you kill to feed your people. ”I can understand such beliefs, and can compare these hunters with those who hunted lions with spears and bravely caught them by the tail. But this is very different from many tiger-shoots I have seen, in which modern weapons were used. The so-called hunters fired from tall trees or from the backs of trained elephants. Such methods made tigers seem no more dangerous than rabbits.56. There is no more hunting in India now partly because __________.A. it is dangerous to hunt thereB. hunting is already out of dateC. hunters want to protect animalsD. there are few animals left to hunt57. The author thinks modern hunters kill mainly __________.A. to make the countryside safeB. to earn people’s admirationC. to gain power and influenceD. to improve their health58. What do we learn about the big-game hunters?A. They hunt old animals.B. They mistreat animals.C. They hunt for food.D. They hunt for money.59. What is the author’s view on the tiger-shoots he has seen?A. Modern hunters lack the courage to hunt face-to-face.B. Modern hunters should use more advanced weapons.C. Modern hunters like to hunt rabbits instead of tigers.D. Modern hunters should put their safety first.Keys: 56-59DBCAIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.Over the past several decades, the U.S., Canada, and Europe have received a great deal of media and even research attention over unusual phenomena and unsolved mysteries. These include UFOs as well as sightings and enco unters with “nonhuman creatures” such as Bigfoot and the Loch Ness monster. Only recently has Latin America begun to receive some attention as well. Although the mysteries of the Aztec, Mayan, and Inca civilizations have been known for centuries, now the public is also becoming aware of unusual, paranormal phenomena in countries such as Peru.The Nazca “lines” of Peru were discovered in the 1930s. These lines are deeply carved into a flat, stony plain, and form about 300 intricate(精美的) pictures of animals such as birds, a monkey, and a lizard. Seen at ground level, the designs are a jumbled senseless mess. The images are so large that they can only be viewed at a height of 1,000 feet —meaning from an aircraft. Yet there were no aircraft in 300 B.C., when it is judged the designs were made. Nor were there then, or are there now, any nearby mountain ranges from which to view them. So how and why did the native people of Nazca create these marvelous designs? One answer appeared in 1969, when the German researcher and writer Erich von Daniken proposed that the lines were drawn by extraterrestrials(外星人) as runways for their aircraft. The scientific community did not takelong to scoff at and abandon von Daniken’s theory. Over the years severa l other theories have been put forth, but none has been accepted by the scientific community.Today there is a new and heightened interest in the Nazca lines. It is a direct result of the creation of the Internet. Currently there are over 60 sites dedicated to this mystery from Latin America’s past, and even respected scientists have joined the discussion through e-mail and chat rooms. Will the Internet help explain these unsolved mysteries? Perhaps it is a step in the right direction.56. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Latin America has long received attention for unusual phenomena.B. Public attention is now directed towards countries like Peru.C. Public interest usually focuses on North America and Europe.D. Some ancient civilizations have unsolved mysteries.57. We can infer from the passage that the higher the lines are seen, the _______ the images they present.A. smallerB. largerC. clearerD. brighter58. There has been increasing interest in the Nazca lines mainly because of ______.A. the participation of scientistsB. the emergence of the InternetC. the birth of new theoriesD. the interest in the Internet59. The author is _______ about the role of the Internet in solving mysteries.A. cautiousB. pessimisticC. uncertainD. optimisticKeys: 56-59 ACBDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)A traffic jam when you’re already late.A free ride when you’ve already paid.The fact that the King James Bible is the most spotlighted book in the United States.One of these three things is an example of irony-the reversal of what is expected or intended. The other two are not. The difference between them may be one of the most curious linguistic(语言学的)misunderstanding you’re likely to encounter. “Ironic” does not, technically, mean “unfortunate”, “interesting” or “coincidental” despite these terms often being used interchangeably. And that frequent misuse has not escaped linguists(语言学家); according to the editors “We estimate that ironic might be the most abused word in the English language.”So what does irony really mean and where does the confusion come from? Part of the ambiguity probably originates from the fact that there are no fewer than three definitions of irony depending on which dictionary you use. There’s Socratic irony (an ancient dialogue move) , and dramatic irony(an ancient theatrical move), but the definition of irony we care about is situational irony. Situational irony occurs when, as the Oxford English Dictionary defines it, “a state of affairs or an event... seems deliberately contrary to what one expects and is often slightly amusing as a result.”The trick, is the deliberately contrary part-for a situation to be ironic, it must be the opposite of what is expected, not merely an amusing coincidence. A traffic jam when you’re already late may be an undesirable coincidence, but it is not the opposite outcome one would expect when leaving for work late. Instead, College Humor writer Patrick Cassels corrects the situation like this: “A traffic jam when you’re already late to receive an award from the Municipal Planning Board for changing the city’s automobile congestion by 80 percent.” Now that’s irony.56.The common misunderstanding of the word “ironic” is that_______.A. It describes something unlucky, amusing or coincidentalB. It shows something that is opposite to what is expected or intendedC. It means unfortunate, interesting and coincidental at the same timeD. It is not the abused word in the English language57. The underlined word “ambiguity” means_________.A. distinctionB. understandingC. uncertaintyD. issue58.Which following situation can be described as “ironic” according to the above passage?A. John was supposed to enjoy a free ride but actually he had paid for it before.B. Alexander Bell invented the telephone, but refused to keep one in his study for fear of distractionC.You had planned a perfect wedding and invited all the important people, when it started to rain.D. McDonalds’ employee warned against eating Kentucky Chicken burgers and fries.59. What will be the best title for the passage?A. An Unexpected Traffic JamB. The Most Misused Word in EnglishC. Why Is the Word Irony MisusedD. Curious Linguists Settled Another MisunderstandingKeys: 56-59 ACBBIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Everyone gathered around and Paddy read out loud, slowly, his tone growing sadder and sadder. The little headline said: BOXER RECEIVES LIFF SENTENCE.Frank Cleary, aged 26, professional boxer, was today found guilty of the murder of Albert Gumming, aged 32, laborer, last July. The jury(陪审团) reached its decision after only ten minutes, recommending the most severe punishment to the court. It was, said the Judge, a simple case. Cumming and Cleary had quarreled violently at the Harbour Hotel on July 23rd and police saw Cleary kicking at the head of the unconscious Gumming. When arrested, Cleary was drunk but clear-thinking.Cleary was sentenced to life imprisonment with hard labour. Asked if he had anything to say, Clear y answered, “Just don’t tell my mother.”“It happened over three years ago,” Paddy said helplessly. No one answered him or moved, for no one knew what to do. “Just don’t tell my mother,” said Fee numbly(麻木地). “And no one did! Oh, God! My poor, poor Frank!”Paddy wiped the tears from his face and said. “Fee, pack your things. We’ll go to see him.”She half-rose before sinking back, her eyes in her small white face stared as if dead. “I can’t go,” she said without a hint of pain, yet making everyone feel that the pain was there. “It would kill him to see me. I know him so well—his pride, his ambition. Let him bear the shame alone, it’s what he wants. We’ve got to help him keep his secret. What good will it do him to see us?”Paddy was still weeping, not for Fr ank, but for the life which had gone from Fee’s face, for the dying in her eyes. Frank had always brought bitterness and misfortune, always stood between Fee and himself. He was the cause of her withdrawal from his heart and the hearts of his children. Eve ry time it looked as if there might be happiness for Fee, Frank took it away. But Paddy’s love for her was as deep and impossible to wipe out as hers was for Frank.So he said, “Well, Fee, we won’t go. But we must make sure he is taken care of. How about i f I write to Father Jones and ask him to look out for Frank?”There was no excitement in the eyes, but a faint pink stole into her cheeks. “Yes, Paddy, do that. Only make sure he knows not to tell Frank we found out. Perhaps it would ease Frank to think fo r certain that we don’t know.”56.Paddy cried because he thought ___________.A. Frank did kill someone and deserved the punishmentB. Frank should have told Fee what had happenedC. what had happened to Frank was killing FeeD. Frank had always been a man of bad moral character57.The underlined sentence “She half-rose before sinking back…” in Paragraph 6 shows that___________.A. Fee was so heart-broken that she could hardly stand upB. Fee didn’t want to upset Paddy by visiting FrankC. Fee couldn’t l eave her family to go to see Frank。

2019届上海市高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编(含答案)

2019届上海市高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编(含答案)

III. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Minghai had been a monk for four years. He came here when he was thirteen. The name of this place is a bit strange. It’s called Nunnery Zhao Village. Zhao, because most of the folks in the village were surnamed Zhao. It’s called a village, but people lived scattered all over – two or three families here, two or three families there. Stepping outside, the houses could be seen in the distance, but it took some time to reach them on foot because there were no roads, and a person had to follow the winding field ridges. Nunnery, because there was a nunnery there. It was called Bodhi Nunnery, but most people pronounced it Biqi Nunnery. _______67_______ “Where is your temple?” “Biqi Nunnery.” A nunnery was originally a place where nuns resided; monks lived in temples and nuns in nunneries. But Monks lived at Biqi Nunnery. Perhaps it was because Biqi Nunnery was small – temples are big and nunneries are small.When Minghai lived at home, he was called Little Mingzi. ______68______ They didn’t call it leaving the home life where he came from; they called it being a monk. His hometown producedmonks the way other places produced pig gelders, mat weavers, bucket makers, cotton fluffers, artisans, and prostitutes. His hometown produced monks. If a family had a lot of boys, one would be sent to be a monk. In order to be a monk, one had to rely on connections or groups. Minghai’s family didn’t have a large amount of farmland, and his three older brothers were enough to farm the land they had. He was the fourth son. The year he turned seven, his uncle, who was a monk, returned home for a visit. After his parents conferred with his uncle, it was decided that he would become a monk. ______69______ Being a monk had its advantages. One didn’t have to cook – every temple had someone who was in charge of the meals. One could also save money. As long as one learned to relieve the hunger of hungry ghosts and release their souls, and to chant the Litany of Liang Wu Di for the dead, he normally shared some money, and by saving it up, he could resume secular life by taking a wife. If he didn’t resume secular life, he could buy several mu of land. But being a monk wasn’t that easy. One had to have a face like a bright moon, a bell-like voice, and be smart and have a good memory. His uncle examined his features and had him take a few steps forward and then back. He had him shout as if he were driving an ox on a threshing ground: “gedangde…” His conclusion was: “Mingzi has what it takes to be a good monk. I guarantee it!” But to be a monk, one had to invest a little by studying for several years. _______70_______ Thus Mingzi began to study. He read The Three-Character Classic, The Hundred Surnames, The Four Characters and Mixed Words, The Elegant Valuable Collection for Young Learners, The Analects in two volumes, and The Mengzi in two volumes. Every day he wrote a page of characters, which the villagers praised as good and solid.Keys: 67-70 ACFBIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.Bill Gates doesn't pretend he lives in an egalitarian(主张平等的)household. When it comes to parenting his three children, the billionaire Microsoft giant readily admits his wife Melinda has done more than her share of the work raising the kids."My wife does 80%," Gates told a crowd of Harvard students last Thursday. Gates spent two years there taking math and computer science courses as a pre-law student, but never finished up his degree. "My eldest graduates from Stanford in June, so I'm optimistic she won't fall into my footsteps," Gates joked._______67_______ They followed a 1970s "Love and Logic" parenting model. The core idea of their philosophy is centered on the idea of exerting emotional control, essentially minimizing emotional reactions like shouting or scolding kids. ____68______ Gates admits he and his wife haven't been perfect at carrying out the approach. "Can you get rid of the emotion? You can't totally do it," he said.Aside from reining in hot-blooded parent tempers, the love and logic model also stresses the importance of not leaning into rewards for kids, but instead demonstrating unconditional love and admiring kids for who they are, not what they do (or don't) achieve, like a poor test score."Many highly successful people struggled with grades as children," Fay wrote on his site. "______69______"The model is a bit like the ideal method, in that it pushes parents to focus on asking questions of their kids and getting them to think about how to solve their own problems, instead of feeding them answers._____70_____. However, he knew he wanted to do things differently with his own kids.It wasn't the only way he set boundaries for his children while they were growing up. None of his kids owned a cell phone until they were 14 years old. And they will each get about $10 million of their parents fortune as inheritance, a mere fraction of the mogul's roughly $90 billion net worth. "We want to strike a balance where they have the freedom to do anything, but not a lot of money showered on them so they could go out and do nothing," Gates once told TED.Keys: 67-70 FBDCIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.There’s no denying crows are smart. They can remember where food has been hidden, recognize faces and craft tools.And, according to a new paper in Scientific Reports, some crows can even make those tools from memory. This skill may point to these clever corvids having a sort of culture of their own.Researchers, led by Sarah Jelbert at the University of Cambridge, worked specifically with New Caledonian crows. _____67_____ But experts haven’t been able to make sure where the crows pick up their skills. A bird in one area can construct the same tool as another bird miles away — but there’s no evidence bird one watched bird two build the gadget in order to copy it. And New Caledonian crows don’t really have a language, either._____68_____ Jelbert and her team had a hunch(预感) that it was because the birds were building based on the memory of tools they’d seen.To test this, the group trained eight crows to place pieces of paper into a pseudo-vending machine (really just a wooden box) to get a treat. _____69_____ Once they learned which sizes were rewarded, Jelbert and her team then gave the feathered participants large cards; the birds could fashion these into the coin sizes they’d picked up on earlier. Importantly, the crows didn’t get any sort of template(模板) when they were working with the big cards. And the birds snipped them into pieces that were similar in size to the coins they’d learned would get them treats.Given the lack of a template to copy, it seems the crows were able to construct mental images of the coins and use it to replicate a tool. ______70_____ These birds can see something and not just build it from memory, but potentially make improvements in their designs. “Most importantly,” the authors say in the study, “an improvement made by a crow during its lifetime could become part of the template learnt by subsequent generations, leading to an increase in tool complexity over time.” And this progression is a key component of cultural progression.Jelbert and her team recognize there’s still work to be done to see if their hypothesis is solid, like testing how long the crows can remember their mental images of the tools.Keys: 67-70 D A C EIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.When we talk about healthy brain ageing we are really discussing one of two things: how to minimise ongoing damage to the hardware of the brain, mostly by keeping its blood supply as good as possible; or how to improve the operation of the brain’s software. ______101_____ There is currently no magic bullet to protect the brain, but one area that has been best researched, and about which we can say with reasonable confidence, “this will help”, is mental activity.There is plenty of evidence that older people who stay mentally active, by learning a new language, doing crosswords or taking part in other intellectually challenging activities, preserve full cognitive function for longer. They have spent more time doing cognitively demanding activities over a lifetime, and they are, to some extent, buffered from the physical effects of brain ageing and degenerative diseases. We call this buffer “cognitive reserve” – a back-up reservoir of brain functionthat can protect from the consequences of brain damage, allowing us to continue to perform well. For example, people with a higher IQ, longer education or cognitively challenging employment have been found to have a lower risk of developing dementia. ______102______ In fact, studies have found that people with higher cognitive reserve who do get dementia exhibit less severe symptoms even when they have more brain damage than those with lower cognitive reserve.______103_____ The more we understand about its role in protecting our brain and how to boost our reserve, the more effective we will be in designing interventions to keep the human brain healthier for longer.The good news is that cognitive reserve isn’t exclusive to those who have the IQ of a genius or who’ve devoted their life to theoretical physics. ______104______ Therefore, taking part in cognitively challenging activities, learning new skills and continuing to “use it or lose it” probably applies no matter how old you are. Crucially, it’s never too late to start.Keys: 101-104 E C F AIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals, while the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seagoing boat, or calculated the length of the year but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think so much of them that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general. _______67_______.It is possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight, so do savages; so to be good at fighting is to be good in the way an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. ______68_______.People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some ways of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off greater number of the other side, and then saying that the side which has killed most has won. _______69______. For that is what going to war means; it means power is right.This is what the story of mankind has been like. But we must not expect too much. After all, the race of men has only just started. From the point of view of evolution, human beings are very young indeed, babies of a few months old. Scientists assume that there has been life of some sort on the earth for about twelve hundred million years; but there have been men for only one million years, and there has been civilized men for about eight thousand years.______70______. Taking man’s civilized past at about seven or eight hours, we may estimate his future at about one hundred thousand years. Thus mankind is only at the beginning of its whole a pretty beastly business, a business of fighting and killing. We must not expect even civilized peoples not to have done these things. All we can ask is that they will sometimes have done something else.Keys: 67-70BADEIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.In Western countries, it is common to talk about American technology being dominant. However, Asian firms have leapfrogged ahead, offering a new model of financial technology. Exhibit A is Ant Financial, a payments company attached to Alibaba. _____67_____ it has 520 million payments customers at home and 112 million in its affiliates(隶属机构) abroad, mainly in Asia. In May, Ant signed a deal to install its payments system in millions of American retail outlets. It is in the process of buying Money Gram, a Texas-based money-transfer firm active in over 200 countries.Jack Ma, the tycoon who controls Alibaba and Ant, has a grand vision to turn a Chinese empire into a global one. For Ant there are two opportunities. One is a business known as “merchants acceptance”, machines for paying for goods in shops and hotels. At the moment Chinese travellers often use Union Pay. _____68_____ Besides, Ant is expanding through its affiliates overseas. It owns about half of Paytm, an Indian digital-payments star. And has bought stakes in fintech firms in numerous Asian countries. Buying Money Gram would give Ant licenses abroad and clients who could be urged to use digital services._____69_____ First, rising competition is dampening(抑制) margins. At home WeChat has helped boost Tencent’s market share in digital payments from 15% in 2014 to 33% last year. Abroad, Ant is not the first mover. In South-East Asia several e-commerce firms are bolting payments onto their apps to attract and keep more customers. In America, Apple Pay is accepted in 4.5m locations. Another is foreign governments’ unwillingness for Chinese firms to have a big role in their financial systems. America’s national-security review panel is looking at the Money Gram deal. China’s financial system is isolated from the rest of the world. Ant has evolved in a distinct and more efficient way. ______70______.Keys: 67-70 CFADIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.FIVE WAYS TO KILL YOUR DREAMSI dedicated the past two years to understanding how people achieve their dreams. When we think about the dreams we have, and the dent we want to leave in the universe, it is striking to see how big of an overlap there is between the dreams that we have and projects that never happen. So I'm here to talk to you today about five ways how not to follow your dreams.One: 67You know the story, right? The tech guy built a mobile app and sold it very fast for a lot of money. You know, the story may seem real, but I bet it's incomplete. If you go investigate further, the guy has done 30 apps before and he has done a master's on the topic, a Ph.D. He has been working on the topic for 20 years.This is really interesting, I myself have a story in Brazil that people think is an overnightsuccess. I come from a humble family, and two weeks before the deadline to apply to MIT, I started the application process. And, voila! I got in. People may think it's an overnight success, but that only worked because for the 17 years prior to that, I took life and education seriously. Your overnight success story is always a result of everything you've done in your life through that moment. Two: Believe someone else has the answers for you.Constantly, people want to help out, right? All sorts of people: your family, your friends, your business partners, they all have opinions on which path you should take: 'And let me tell you, go through this pipe.' But whenever you go inside, there are other ways you have to pick as well. And you need to make those decisions yourself. 68 .And you need to keep picking those decisions, right? The pipes are infinite and you're going to bump your head, and it's a part of the process.Three: it's very subtle but very important: Decide to settle when growth is guaranteed.So when your life is going great, you have put together a great team, and you have growing revenue, and everything is set -- time to settle. When I launched my first book, I worked really, really hard to distribute it everywhere in Brazil. With that, over three million people downloaded it, over 50,000 people bought physical copies.When I wrote a sequel, some impact was guaranteed. Even if I did little, sales would be okay. But okay is never okay. When you're growing towards a peak, you need to work harder than ever and find yourself another peak. Maybe if I did little, a couple hundred thousand people would read it, and that's great already. But if I work harder than ever, I can bring this number up to millions. That's why I decided, with my new book, to go to every single state of Brazil. And I can already see a higher peak. There's no time to settle down.Four:Blame others for the fault.I constantly see people saying, 'Y es, I had this great idea, but no investor had the vision to invest.' 'Oh, I created this great product, but the market is so bad, the sales didn't go well.' Or, 'I can't find good talent; my team is so below expectations. 69 Y es, it may be hard to find talent. Yes, the market may be bad. But if no one invested in your idea, if no one bought your product, for sure, there is something there that is your fault. Definitely. You need to get your dreams andmake them happen. And no one achieved their goals alone. But if you didn't make them happen, it's your fault and no one else's. Be responsible for your dreams.Five: Only pay attention to dreams themselves.Once I saw an ad, and it was a lot of friends, they were going up a mountain, it was a very high mountain, and it was a lot of work. You could see that they were sweating and this was tough. And they were going up, and they finally made it to the peak. Of course, they decided to celebrate, right? I'm going to celebrate, so, 'Yes! We made it, we're at the top!' Two seconds later, one looks at the other and says, 'Okay, let's go down.'Life is never about the goals themselves. Life is about the journey. Yes, you should enjoy the goals themselves, but people think that you have dreams, and whenever you get to reaching one of those dreams, it's a magical place where happiness will be all around. 70The only way to really achieve all of your dreams is to fully enjoy every step of your journey. That's the best way.Keys: 67-70 BCDFIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.We Americans ingest an average of 25 pounds of rice a year-and a portion of that comes drinking beer. Yes, rice is a sample in our diet. But is it a safe one? Consumer Reports recently found" troubling "levels of inorganic arsenic, a known human carcinogen (a substance which can cause cancer), in almost every rice-containing food it tested. (67)._________ But rice takes up arsenic from soil and water more readily than other grains do.Health-conscious consumers rely on brown rice, which has even more arsenic. In the Consumer Reports test, a quarter cup of uncooked white rice had from roughly 1 to 7 micrograms of inorganic arsenic, while brown rice had from 4 to 10 micrograms. Why the difference? (68) __________.What about rice cakes? They contained from 2 to 8 micrograms per serving, while hot and ready-to-eat rice cereals had 2 to 7 micrograms: These levels are at least five times higher than rice cereals had 2 to 7 micrograms. These levels are at least five times higher than those found in other cereals, such as oatmeal.Studies show that people exposed to large amounts of arsenic for many years are more likely to die of cancer. In Bangladesh, people who drank tap water that contained 50 to 149 micrograms of arsenic per liter for a0 or 30 years, for example, were 44 percent more likely to die of cancer.(69)________ (The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency limits the total amount of arsenic in drinking water to 10 micrograms per liter.) But our total risk is unclear. There isn’t enough date to set a limit on inorganic arsenic in food, says the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences.The Bottom Line: (70)_______ Consumer Reports recommends that adults eat no more than 11/2 to 2 cups of cooked(brown or white)rice a week, And here is a way to lessen risk: Rinse yourrice, cook it in six parts water to one part rice until it reaches eating texture, and then pour off the extra water. This can remove about half the arsenic.Keys: 67-70 CFBDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.Asking for a little can go a long wayThroughout this book we’ve attempted to provide evidence to support ou r claims that we can successfully move people to say yes. 67Along with several colleagues, one of us sent out to do just that. We thought that, when asked to make a donation, even those who would like to support the charity in some way say no, because they can’t afford to donate very much, and they assume that the small amount that they can afford wouldn’t do much to help the cause. 68To set this hypothesis(假设), our research assistants went door to door to request donations for the American Cancer Society. After introducing themselves, they asked the residents, “Would you be willing to help by giving a donation?” For half the residents the request ended there. _____69_____When we analyzed the results we found that, consistent with our hypothesis, people in the “even a penny will help” half of the sample were almost twice as likely to donate to the cause. And the amount the individuals gave was also found to be more or less the same in both halves, so the people in the “even a penny” half did not donate less.70 Applications in the workplace might be: to a co-worker regarding a joint project, “Just an hour of your time would really help;” to a co-worker whose handwriting is illegible, “Just a little more clarity would help.” The chances are that this little step in the right direction won’t prove so little after all.Keys: 67-70 EACBIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.To Wear or Not to WearAfter a strict head teacher in the U.K. sent 80 students home for uniform violations(违例), the Guardian held a discussion about whether wearing school uniforms makes a difference.School uniform is very important. It does improve my concentration, because it reminds me that I’m at school to learn. But I’m not sure if that’s because I’m used to wear ing uniform and associate my own clothes with free time. 67 If everyone is wearing the same clothes, it’s impossible to make fun of other people’s clothing. I don’t think this ignores a child’s need to express themselves.-- David Hershman, a student at Stafford grammar school68 Students should start school with no uniform. As they progress through the school, they start wearing it. I always think children need to be proud of their school, and uniform is important for that. So, make them earn it! If they let the school down, they shouldn’t be allowed to wear it. Look at the Marines(海军陆战队)---- they can’t wait to get that beret(贝雷帽).--Tim Francis, a former teacherI have had experience of teaching in both uniform and non-uniform schools. I can definitely see the benefits of students wearing uniform. Uniform can be important in creating a sense of school identity and community. It is often a source of collective pride for students. 69Teaching students how to express themselves with confidence, rather than the length of their tie, should be the priority.--Enayah Byramjee, an educational development directorIn a perfect world, school uniform would not exist. Children would express their personalities through their clothes at school, just as they do at home. School wouldn’t impress on pupils the need to wear skirts to a certain length. We don’t live in a perfect world, however. 70My house is often filled with uniform-wearing girls. The best thing about uniform, for me as a parent, is the simplicity.--Joanna Moorhead, a mother of fourKeys: 67-70 BAEFIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Mansfield Sullivan, came to me. I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrasts between the two lives which it connects. It was the third of March, 1887, three months before I was seven years old.On the afternoon of that eventful day, I stood on the porch, dumb, 41 . I guessed vaguely from my mother's signs and from the hurrying to and fro in the house that something unusual was about to happen, so I went to the door and waited on the steps. The afternoon sun penetrated the mass of honeysuckle that covered the porch, and fell on my upturned face. My fingers lingered almost 42 on the familiar leaves and blossoms which had just ____43____ to greet the sweet southern spring. I did not know what the future held of ____44____or surprise for me. Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually for weeks and a deep languor (倦怠) had ____45____ this passionate struggle.Have you ever been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in, and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet (铅锤) and sounding-line (测深索), and you waited with beating heart for something to happen? I was like that ____46____ before my education began, only I was without ____47____ or sounding-line, and had no way of knowing how near the ____48____ was. "Light! Give me light!" was the wordless cry of my soul, and the light of love shone on me in that very hour.I felt approaching footsteps. I stretched out my hand as I would to my mother. Someone ____49____ it, and I was caught up and held close in the arms of her who had come to ____50____ all things to me, and, more than all things else, to love me.The morning after my teacher came she led me into her room and gave me a doll. The little blind children at the Perkins Institution had sent it and Laura Bridgman had dressed it; but I did not know this until ____51____. When I had played with it a little while, Miss Sullivan slowly spelled into my hand the word "d-o-l-l." I was at once interested in this finger play and tried to ____52____ it. When I finally succeeded in making the letters correctly I ____53____ with childish pleasure and pride. Running downstairs to my mother I held up my hand and made the letters for doll. I did not know that I was spelling a word or even that words existed; I was simply making my fingers go in monkey-like imitation. In the days that followed I learned to spell in this ____54____ way a great many words, among them pin, hat, cup and a few verbs like sit, stand and walk. But my teacher had been with me several weeks before I understood that everything has a ____55____.41. A. hesitant B. reluctant C. expectant D. defendant42. A. consequently B. unconsciously C. deliberately D. simultaneously43. A. come forth B. brought about C. left behind D. hidden away44. A. panic B. result C. position D. marvel45. A. succeeded B. exposed C. inherited D. demonstrated46. A. fog B. ship C. shore D. plummet47. A. compassion B. compromise C. compass D. companion48. A. paradise B. habitat C. residence D. harbor。

2019年上海卷高考英语阅读题真题解析

2019年上海卷高考英语阅读题真题解析

2019年上海卷高考英语阅读题真题解析在本文中,我们将对2019年上海卷高考英语阅读题进行解析和答案分析。

通过细致的分析和解读,帮助同学们更好地理解和掌握考试内容,从而更好地备考。

Passage 1文章1主要介绍了一个新兴的旅游目的地——南非,讲述了该地的美丽风光和悠久历史。

文章通过回答一系列问题帮助读者更好地了解南非。

问题1: 为什么南非逐渐成为最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一?答案解析: 南非有迷人的自然风光,包括壮丽的山脉、海岸线和丰富的野生动物。

此外,南非还有悠久的历史和丰富的文化。

这些都使得南非逐渐受到游客的喜爱。

问题2: 南非提供了哪些独特的旅游体验?答案解析: 南非不仅有各种各样的自然景观,还有丰富多样的旅游活动,如在国家公园观赏野生动物、沿着壮丽的海岸线驾驶等。

南非还提供了参观历史古迹和文化遗址的机会。

Passage 2文章2主要讨论了在线购物对传统商业的影响。

文章指出,虽然在线购物提供了便利和多样性,但也给实体店铺带来了许多挑战。

问题1: 在线购物的优势是什么?答案解析: 在线购物有许多优势,如方便快捷、多样的商品选择、灵活的支付方式等。

此外,网上购物还能节省时间和精力。

问题2: 实体店铺面临的挑战有哪些?答案解析: 由于在线购物的兴起,越来越多的人选择在网上购物,这给传统实体店带来了挑战。

实体店面临着销售额下降、经营困难等问题。

Passage 3文章3介绍了濒危动物的问题。

文章强调了濒危动物保护的重要性,并提出了保护濒危动物的措施。

问题1: 为什么保护濒危动物很重要?答案解析: 濒危动物是生态系统中不可或缺的一部分,它们对于维持生态平衡和生物多样性至关重要。

保护濒危动物可以保护生态环境,维护地球的可持续发展。

问题2: 保护濒危动物的措施有哪些?答案解析: 保护濒危动物需要采取多种措施,比如加强法律保护、建立自然保护区、开展宣传教育等。

此外,国际间的合作也是保护濒危动物的关键。

结语通过对2019年上海卷高考英语阅读题的解析,我们可以看到考试主要涉及旅游、商业和环保等方面的话题。

2019届上海市各大高中学校高二英语试题分类汇编--阅读理解B篇(带答案精确校对珍藏版)

2019届上海市各大高中学校高二英语试题分类汇编--阅读理解B篇(带答案精确校对珍藏版)

Section BDirections:Read passage A, B, C and D. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)Bill Gates recently predicted that online learning will make place-based colleges less significant, and five years from now, students will be able to find the best lectures in the world online. I applaud Mr. Gates. But what’s taking us so long?As early as 1997, MIT (麻省理工)decided to post videos of all university lectures online, for free, for all people. But today, how many students have you met who mastered advanced mathematics or nuclear physics from an MIT online video? Unfortunately, the answer is not many.The problem is the poor quality of online education websites and the experience they provide to students. Those who go to the MIT website and watch courses online are surely very smart people, but ifs not like playing a video game such as World of Warcraft. Only the most students, those who are highly motivated, will devote themselves to studying these boring online videos.The real question is why we aren’t spending more to develop better online education platforms. Where is the Avatar of education? Think about this. The market for Hollywood films per year is worth around 30 billion USD. Education in the world is a trillion-dollar-a-year market, hundreds of times bigger than Hollywood movies. Yet the most expensive digital learning system ever built cost well under 100 million dollars.Bill Gates’ prediction is going to happen. There is no doubt about it. But it will only happen when we create high level educational content and experiences that engage and excite more than has ever been possible in the real world.60. What has Bill Gates forecast about online learning?A. It will concentrate on physics lectures.B. It will completely replace real universities.C. It will help to make universities more successful.D. It will play an increasingly important role in education.61. What does the underlined word “ardent” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Creative.B. Enthusiastic.C. Well-behaved.D. Experienced.62. According to the author, what is holding back the popularity of online learning?A. The lack of lectures available online.B. The high cost of access to the websites.C. The low standard of educational websites.D. The competition with online computer games.63. Why does the author mention Hollywood?A. To show that Hollywood produces many successful movies.B. To prove that education is more profitable than entertainment.C. To argue that movie directors should produce educational content.D. To urge that more money be spent developing educational websites.Keys: 60-63 DBCDin coarse butternut wool and huge sunbonnets.But when I questioned my father on these matters he would give me no answers.My father was—how shall I say what he was?To this day I can only surmise many things of him.He was a Scotchman born,and I know now that he had a slight Scotch accent.At the time of which I write,my early childhood, he was a frontiersman and hunter.I can see him now,with his hunting shirt and leggings(绑腿)and moccasins(莫卡辛鞋);his powder horn,engraved with wondrous scenes;his bullet pouch and tomahawk and hunting knife.He was a tall,lean man with a strange,sad face.And he talked little except when he drank too many "horns,"as they were called in that country.These little bad behaviors of my father's were a permanent source of wonder to me—and,I must say,of delight.They occurred only when a passing traveler who hit his fancy chanced that way,or,what was almost as rare,a neighbor.Many a winter night I have lain awake under the skins,listening to a flow of language that held me spellbound,though I understood scarce a word of it."Virtuous(有德行的)and vicious(罪恶的)every man must be,Few in the extreme,but all in a degree."The chance neighbor or traveler was no less struck with wonder.And many the time have I heard the query,at the Cross-Roads and elsewhere,"Whar Alec Trimble got his larnin?"60.The mention of the dress in the second paragraph is most likely meant to .A.show the similarity between its owner and other members of the communityB.show how warm the climate wasC.show the dissimilarity between its owner and other members of the communityD.give us insight into the way most of the women of the region dressed61.Judging by the sentences surrounding it,the underlined word "surmise" in the third paragraph most nearly means .A.to form a negative opinionB.to praiseC.to desireD.to guess62.Why did the narrator enjoy it when his father drank too many "horns," or drafts of liquor?A.The father spoke brilliantly at those times.B.The boy was then allowed to do as he pleased.C.These were the only times when the father was not abusive.D.The boy was allowed to sample the drink himself.63.What is the meaning of the lines of verse(诗句)quoted in the passage?A.Men who pretend to be virtuous are actually vicious.B.Moderate amounts of virtuousness and viciousness are present in all men.C.Virtuous men cannot also be vicious.D.Whether men are virtuous or vicious depends on the difficulty of their circumstances.Keys: 60-63 CDABSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)Nowadays, people have a heated discussion on whether the pressure on international sports players kills the essence of sport --- the pursuit of personal excellence. Children kick a football around for fun. When they get older and play for local school teams, they become competitive but they still enjoy playing. The individual representing his country cannot afford to think about enjoying himself; he has to think only about winning. He is responsible for the entire nation’s hopes, dreams and reputation.A good example is the football World Cup. Football is the world’s most important sport. Winning the World Cup is perhaps the summit of international sporting success. Mention Argentina to someone and the chances are that he’ll think of football. In a sense, winning the World Cup put Argentina on the map.Sports fans and supporters get quite irrational about the World Cup. People in England felt that their country was somehow important after they won in 1966. Last year thousands of Scots sold their cars, and even their houses, and spent all their money travelling to Argentina, where the finals were played.So, am I arguing that international competition kills the idea of sport? Certainly not! Do the Argentinians really believe that because eleven of their men proved the most skillful at football, their nation is in every way better than all others? Not really, but it’s nice to know that you won and that in one way at least your country is the best.60. According to the passage, if a sportsman only thinks about winning, he will ___________.A. fail to succeedB. lose enjoymentC. achieve successD. go unreasonable61. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ____________.A. children take part in all kinds of sports because sports activities give them pleasure.B. competitions between different school teams make sports no longer a personal act for fun.C. some people believe that international competition makes sports a task, a responsibility, for the individuals.D. some people think international competition is in a way opposite to the pursuit of personal excellence.62. What does the speaker mean when he says “In a sense, winning the World Cup put Argentina on the map”?A. Winning the World Cup makes Argentina a football power in the world.B. Argentina is not important before it wins the Would Cup.r ... .. ^ •FRESH HANDMADE COSMETICS.A. advocate recyclable or even no packagingB. sell cosmetics without any wrapping paperC. have invented some refillable cosmeticsD. have improved ways of transporting products62. What is LUSH’s business philosophy we can find from the leaflet?A. The market image of a company should make way for its beliefs.B. Cosmetics are among the essentials of cur lives in modem society.C. Homegrown vegetables and fruit are natural and reliable sources of cosmetics.D. Social responsibilities of a company can go hand in hand with profit making.Keys: 60-62 BADSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)We have designed all our bank cards to make your life easier.How to use your NatWest Servicecard .As a Switch card, it lets you pay for all sorts of goods and services, wherever you see the Switch logo. The money comes straight out of your account, so you can spend as much as you like as long as you have enough money ( or an agreed overdraft (透支) to cover it. It is also a cheque guarantee for up to the amount shown on the card. And it gives you free access to your money from over 31,000 cash machines across the UK.How to use your NatWest CashcardYou can use your Cashcard as a Solo card to pay for goods and services wherever you see the Solo logo. It can also give you access to your account and your cash from over 31,000 cash machines nationwide. You can spend or withdraw what you have in your account, or as much as your agreed overdraft limit.Using your cards abroadYou can also use your Servicecard and Cashcard when you’re abroad. You can withdraw cash at cash machines and pay for goods and services wherever you see the Cirrus or Maestro logo displayed.We take a commission charge (手续费) of 2.25% of each cash withdrawal you make. We also apply a foreign-exchange transaction fee of 2.65%.How to use your Nat West Credit CardWith your credit card you can do the following:* Pay for goods and services and enjoy up to 56 days interest-free credit.* Pay in over 24 million shops worldwide that display the Mastercard or Visa logos.* Collect one AIR MILE for every£20 of spending that appears on your statement(结算单).(This does not include foreign currency or traveller’s cheques bought,interest and other charges.)60. If you carry the Servicecard or the Cashcard , _____________.Section BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)Traffic jam and cities, it seems, go hand in hand. Everyone complains about being stuck in traffic; but, like the weather, no one seems to do anything about it. In particular, traffic engineers, transportation planners, and public officials responsible for transportation systems in large cities are frequently criticized for failing to solve traffic jam.But is traffic jam a sign of failure? Long queues at restaurants or theater box offices are seen as signs of success. Should transportation systems be viewed any differently? I think we should recognize that traffic jam is an unpreventable by-product of successful cities, and view the "traffic problem" in a different light.Cities exist because they promote social interactions and economic transactions (交易) .Traffic jam occurs where there are lots of people but limited spaces. Culturally and economically successful cities have the worst traffic problems, while decaying cities don't have much traffic. New York and Los Angeles are America's most crowded cities. But if you want access to major stock markets, you will find them easier to reach in crowded New York than in any other large cities. And if your firm needs access to satellite-guidance engineers, you will reach them more quickly through the crowded freeways of LA than through less crowded roads elsewhere.Despite traffic jam, a larger number and wider variety of social interactions and economic transactions can be made perfect in large, crowded cities than elsewhere. Seen in this light, traffic jam is an unfortunate consequence of prosperity, not a cause of economic decline and urban decay.So while we can consider traffic jam as increasing costs on the areas of big cities, the costs of inaccessibility in uncrowded places are almost certainly greater.There is no doubt that traffic jam brings the terrible economic and environmental damage in places like Bangkok, Jakarta, and Lagos. But mobility is far higher and traffic jam levels are far lower here in the US, even in our most crowded cities.That's why, for now, we don't see people streaming out of San Francisco and Chicago, heading for cities like Phoenix, and Cleveland.60. We can conclude from the first paragraph that _________.A. traffic jam and weather are the two factors preventing the development of a big cityB. traffic jam seems to be very difficult to deal withC. if traffic engineers try their best, traffic jam can be solvedD. public officials are always criticized for misusing their power61. According to the passage, what's the author's opinion towards traffic jam?A. Traffic jam is unavoidable in large cities.B. Traffic jam is both a sign of success and a sign of failure.C. Traffic jam is the consequence of successful cities.D. Traffic jam is not unpreventable for a successful city.62. According to this passage, which of the following is TRUE?A. Crowded cities tend to promote economic transactions.B. New York and Los Angeles have less limited spaces than other cities.According to the World Bank, global food prices, driven in part by higher fuel costs, are 36% above their level a year ago. Food and drink are among our biggest ongoing expenses, which means it's also one of the biggest opportunities for savings.There are changes of the way you buy and prepare food that can make a big impact on your bank account. Making significant savings on your grocery bill isn't as hard as you might think, and you can still live well. Here is how.COOK FROM THE BEGINNINGIn general, the more preparation or processing steps a food hag undergone, the higher the price. So it's best to cook things from the very beginning where possible. Even small changa can make a big cost difference. Try buying unwashed whole lettuce or salad leaves and giving them a cleaning yourself, The per-ki10ÿam price can be as much as ten times more for prepackaged salad leaves.STEWNG MEATSupply and demand play a big role in food pricing. Food that isn't fashionable can be excellent value for money. Unfortunately, lamb chops are not as inexpensive as they once were—but there are still plenty of other options. Look for oxtail, chicken wing tip' and feet, or • other organs such as livers and lungs. A quick internet search will give you a host of ideas on how to prepare unfamiliar ingredients. A good place to start is with slow cooked casseroles or stews, BUY IN BULKA good rule, based on experience, is that is cheaper", but larger pack sizes aren't always better value. It does pay to compare the price to make sure you really are saving-a—if you can, check the ''unit pricing", which cc—pates prices by volume and weight. And make sure you'll not end up throwing half of it out than using it by the expiry date.TAKE A LISTPlanning ahead is great way to economize and reduce the risk of expensive impulse purchases, so make a list of what you need before you head to the supermarket. It's also a good idea not to shop while you are hungry to resist the urge to pick up unnecessary food items, IGNORE THE LISTGive yourself the flexibility to make the most of the supermarket specials and discounts, and to use different ingredients or change your weekly recipe plans depending on what's on sale or the best value for money on the day.60. It can be learned from the passage that___________.A.there may be less opportunity for you to save money when food prices are increasing greatly.B.checking the expiry date is important when buying foods.C.the way we prepare our food affects our expenses.D.changing your weekly recipe plans will help you stay healthy.61. "Buy in bulk" most probably means "___________.A. Buy foods in large quantitiesB. Buy unpackaged goods OnlyC.Bu y what's on saleD.Buy goods in smaller pack sizes62. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Prepackaged food is usually of high quality.B.We had better make a plan in advance about what to buy before going to the supermarket.C.Preparing unfamiliar ingredients usually costs your money and time.picnic.In some places,people can be seen taking drinks in public places from cans wrapped in brown-paper bags.These are not cans of Coca- Cola.And in many states you are not allowed to drink alcohol while driving,or even have an opened alcohol container in the car.Some bars have a license(执照)only for beer and wine.Others are also allowed to sell spirits(烈性酒)and thus,as Americans say,"mixed drinks".Many bars have a period known as "happy hour",often longer than an hour,when they sell drinks at lower-than- usual prices.This is usually around 5 p.m.and may be only on certain days of the week.Legal drinking age varies from place to place but is generally between 18 to 21.Some places permit the consumption(消费)of beer at 18 but spirits only at 21.Others permit the consumption only of "three-two" beer from 18 to 21.(Young people therefore often drive from one place to another with more liberal drinking laws.)In any case, in some parts of the USA young people are allowed to vote,marry,raise children,keep full-time jobs,be tried in courts as adults,join the army and even buy guns—but NOT have a glass of beer.In some places people aged between 18 to 21 are allowed to go into bars but not allowed to drink.Another even more interesting aspect of American drinking-age laws is that in some places people below legal drinking age are not even allowed to sell alcohol.60.If people are seen drinking in public from brown-paper bags,it is for sure that they are_______.A.very thirstyB.not having spiritsC.not having Coca-ColaD.having Coca-Cola61."happy hour" in many bars refers to___________.A.certain days of the week when people are happyB.a certain time usually around 7 pm in a barC.an hour during which people feel happyD.a period of time when some bars sell drinks at lower than usual prices62.Which of the following is a part of American drinking-age laws?A.In some parts of the USA,young people can buy guns and have a glass of beer.B.Legal drinking age is 21.C.In some places people below legal drinking age are not allowed to marry.D.Legal drinking age varies from state to state.Keys: 60-62 BDDNine【2018届上海市南汇中学高二英语月考试题】Section BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)What we doEFP Courses provide courses in English language andBritish culture. Our courses are aimed at students agedbetween 12 and 17 who are at pre-intermediate level orabove in English. The courses are held in Guildford, ahistoric town near LondonTypical structure of a one-week course➢up to 25 hours of English run by native speakers, qualified in teaching English as a foreign language and specialist drama teachers➢ 2 full-day sightseeing trips to London and Oxford (at weekends)➢full board (全食宿) with local, English-speaking familiesWhen we run the coursesEFP courses can be organized only during British state school terms. For this academic year, courses can be booked between now and 23 May and between 30 May and 30 June. We welcome you to book from 3 September 2016 to 25 October 2016 and from 31 October to 20 December 2016.Why choose EFP courses➢in addition to our standard English classes, we also run drama and expression English classes, taught by specialist drama teachers➢we expose our students to British culture for the entire length of the course➢we tailor courses to each group’s needs, creating a unique experience for our students. Note that any changes to our courses are made within reason and only if all participants from a group share the same language level. Please see further details on our website.Length of a courseEFP courses run for either one or two weeks depending on the specific requirements for your group.How to applyPlease register your interest by sending an email to info efpcourses co uk. By contacting us before you make any travel arrangements you ensure that we can put your group up on the dates that you require.See you in Guildford soon!60. What does the leaflet tell us about EFP courses?A. Their target students are teenagers of all English levels.B. They are available on the school campuses in London and Oxford.C. Every individual participant is supplied with tailored language support.D. They involve students in British culture activities during the whole course.A large part of the world’s oceans had never been explored till recently. Since scuba divers (戴水肺的潜水员)could only dive down to 200 feet, only a small part of the seabed was reachable to them. It was impossible to study the shipwrecks(沉船)in deeper depths as they were beyond reach. Now, with the aid of the Remotely Operate Vehicles (ROVs), we are no longer so constrained.The ROVs were developed largely by the supporting from the US Navy in the 1960s. ROVs are machines equipped with video camera, sonar and even mechanical arms to pick up and study items on the seabed. Thus, people can examine artifacts(手工艺品)from shipwrecks up close. The best part is that the ROVs can be controlled from a well-equipped ship so that the person does not even have to get wet! These underwater robots have been used to locate many historic shipwrecks, including that of the remains of Titanic.One of the latest expeditions was launched in the Mediterranean Sea to search for old shipwrecks. The explorations provided many exciting results, as shipwrecks that were centuries old were found and seen for the first time. How did the shipwrecks end up on the ocean floor in the first place? Well, often times, the cause was storms. Some ships might have sunk at once, other ships might have taken longer – the sailors would have tried to save their ships by throwing heavy items into the sea. If the ship was lighter, there was a great chance that it would stay afloat.Some of the items recovered because of the expedition were wine jars, stone blocks and old anchors(锚). From those items, much more could be learnt about the economy of the old empires. For example, many of the shipwrecks were dated back to the time of the Roman Empire. Some of the saved items included goods that were traded then. From the study of those goods, historians were able to figure out where they were traded.Besides, the new technology of the ROVs allows explorers to make maps of the areas of the shipwrecks within a few hours……59. The expression “no longer so constrained” can be understood as ______.A. not forced to join the US Navy any longerB. no more limited by not being able to dive so deepC. not defeated by the fear of drowning any longerD. no more pushed by the equipment of modern technology60. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A. Causes of the shipwrecks can be told by the ROVs.B. The ROVs rely heavily on high technology.C. The ROVs have a nickname of underwater robots.D. People on a sinking ship usually get rid of heavy loads to stay safe.61. What is most likely to be discussed in the last paragraph?A. Some other oceans with ancient shipwrecks.B. The magnificent history of the Roman Empire.C. Some other uses the ROVs can provide us with.D. The cause of the sinking of Titanic.62. According to the passage, experts in history might ______ by studying the items found from the shipwrecks.A. add more value to the Roman EmpireB. picture how the shipwrecks happenedDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)Recently, in the hope of earning both money and social experience, I became a door-to-door salesman.I once read a saying, “If somebody wants something of yours, you will be treated as warmly as spring, but if they don’t, you may be treated as coldly as winter.”You may consider this an exaggeration(夸张), but if you are a salesman, it is clearly correct.You would never have found it to be so true if you hadn’t been a salesman. You needn’t stand doubtful looks and friendly comments; you needn’t listen to something completely wrong and nod to say that it was quite right; you needn’t always keep patience and a smile; you needn’t repeat the same sentences over and over again; you needn’t talk to somebody you dislike…I did this work for a month, and then I decided to give it up. Apart from the reasons above, I found I was paying too much attention to the job and thus sacrificing my study time. The latest test result proved that my grades were getting worse.Even worse, I hadn’t enough time to join my classmates in college activities. Sometimes I felt lonely and unhappy because of both my study and my part-time job. Now I don’t think it is worth doing such a thing for even though I was earning money it came at great cost.Newspapers and magazines often publish stories about excellent students who do part-time work while also keeping high scores in class. But according to my experience, part-time work can have some strong negative(负面的)influences on study.Most students don’t view the relationship between study and work correctly. In my opinion, it isn’t a must for financial reasons; students should be careful about taking up a part-time job.49. From the text, we can tell that the writer is ___________ .A. an unemployed manB. a middle school studentC. a college studentD. a door-to-door salesman50. Which of the following words has the closest meaning to the underlined word “sacrificing”?A. giving upB. wastingC. usingD. gettingKeys: 49-50 CASection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)As much as we may want to protect children from all the terrible, horrible and very bad things in life, too often we don’t get a choice. These four new kids’ books serve as guides for a variety of difficulties and as important reminders that we have a choice in how we react to such trials.These stories introduce young readers to relatable characters who are processing and recovering from hardships and sorrows. Each book, in its own way, offers a guide for young。

2019届上海市各区高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编--完型填空--老师版(纯净word带答案已校对

2019届上海市各区高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编--完型填空--老师版(纯净word带答案已校对

One【2019届上海市虹口区高三英语二模试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Technology is playing a vital role in preservation and ecology research. Drones (无人机)hold huge 41 in the fight to save the world ' s remaining wildlife from extinction. So researcherscan now track wild animals through dense forests and monitor whales in vast oceans. It ' s that up to five living species become extinct every day, making it urgent that universities develop new technologies to capture the data that can persuade 42 to act.The British International Education Association hosted a conference in January to 43the importance of technological solutions in protecting vulnerable (易受伤害的)species and ecosystems. Speakers underlined how technology can help 44: drones can circle high abovethe ocean to spot whales, while certain cameras can identify members of an individual species. According to Claudio Sillero, biology professor at Oxford University, technology is changinghow preservation research is done —— but it ' s in a(n)45 way. As technology gets better andcheaper, researchers become better at doing what they were already doing. 46, remote sensing used to be a very technical tool but is now widespread, and everyone uses global positioning system (GPS) for surveying.But teaching preservation and ecology courses in university 47. Some teach dronesurveying methods in depth while others don ' t even mention them. " The fact is, using drones isquite a(n)48 to the interdisciplinary (跨学科的) 'unknown ' of engineering, and potentiallyan area where lecturers may not feel confident to teach yet, 'Serge Wich, an expert in primate biology says. " Students ghe about 49 technologies such as automatic sound recorders,but drones are often missing from university teaching. Consequently, drone use among researchers is still fairly 50 and focused on getting photos. ”Wich ' s team of researchers useddchniques to develop a fully automated drone technologysystem that 51 and monitors the health of endangered animals globally. It ' s designed to b cheap, stable and simple to use, so that local communities in developing countries can operate it52 without technical background. Yet it ' not more widely used on the grounds ofresearchers ' lack of skills to use this technology. In biology, where drones are used, few can program an algorithm (算法)specifically for their preservation or research problem. "There much that needs to be done to 53 those two worlds and to make AI more user-friendly so that peoplewho can ' t program can still use the technology, " Wich says.54, the sad truth is that better technology alone will not save any more species from dying out, Greengrass warns. " As human populations increase, so do threats and pressure on wildplaces. Preservationists are 55 for not doing enough but it ' often an issue of people,conflict and governance. " Technologylpnprovide far greater knowledge, but governmentsstill need to act.41. A. shortage B. threats C. potential D. responsibilities42. A. researchers B. authorities C. opponents D. professionals43. A. highlight B. overlook C. assess D. calculate44. A. education B. preparation C. preservation D. distinction45. A. evolutionary B. flexible C. virtual D. dramatic46 A. As a result B. In conclusion C. On the contrary D. For example47. A. differs B. equals C. multiplies D. struggles48. A. obstacle B. leap C. equivalent D. exception49. A. ill-intentioned B. fully-prepared C. well-established D. narrowly-applied50. A. definite B. vague C. simple D. limited51. A. controls B. tracks C. supervises D. improves52. A. earnestly B. independently C. secretly D. impersonally53. A. bridge B. fix C. dismiss D. grasp54. A. Therefo__^^| B. Moreover C. However D. Otherwise55. A. fired B. insulted C. qualified D. criticizedKeys: 41-45 CBACA 46-50 DABCD 51-55 BBACDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.How comfortable are you around water? Are you a strong swimmer or do you struggle to keep your head above water? Are you comfortable venturing into the deeper water or do you prefer to move into shallow water where the bottom is 41?Most people expose themselves to water and swimming situations according to their42 levels of skill and comfort. The same might be true as you assess your comfort levelwith different academic environments 43 a good college "fit " . Just as you might study abody of water to figure out its temperature, depth and current before venturing in, you need to44 the difficulties, pace and depth of an academic environment — and your ability to keepyour " head above water " if adrbetede deciding to apply.When looking at academic difficulties as a(n)45 of " fit ” , you are li kely to find that you have the capacity to "ge t he job done" academically in a range of college environments.46, you are not likely to have difficulty with the " water " itself. You will fit best, however,at colleges and universities where your ability and preparation enable you to rise to new levels of47 .Your goal should be to find academic environments where your levels of ability and preparation will enable you to achieve well as you stretch yourself 48. These places represent appropriate "bodies of water " for you academically.The best 49 of comprehension regarding your preparedness to meet the academicrequirements of various colleges and universities are your high school teachers. Because they are very familiar with your capabilities, your teachers can offer 50 help in identifying the colleges where you will find the best academic programs for you.Assuming you are able to find appropriate environments academically, you then need to assess the 51 of your school reports for admission to those colleges. How does your academic record (grades and test scores) pile up against those of other students who will be52, most (about 90%) of whom are just like you in that they can do the work too?You need to be honest in 53 this part of the picture, especially if you are consideringcolleges that can be highly selective and tend to admit very small percentages of the students who apply. A lot of students get in over their heads competitively when they fail to consider the realodds of gaining admission. While you might feel you are a 54 candidate at schools that canbe very choosy, the reality is that you need to be in the top 25 percent of applicant pools at such schools to have a fighting chance of being admitted. By the way, you don' 55 your chances of getting into at least one such school by applying to a dozen of them!41. A. tough B. mysterious C. visible D. different 42. A. explosiveB. respectiveC. potentialD. reasonable 43. A. on behalf of B. in the place of C. in case of D. in search of 44. A. observe B. overcome C. investigate D. complete 45. A. indication B. implication C. innovation D. intention 46. A. In addition B. In other words C. By comparison D. By contrast 47. A. continent B. contribution C. challenge D. conscience 48. A. considerately B. traditionally C. influentially D. intellectually 49. A. sources B. origins C. concerns D. demands 50. A. continuous B. invaluable C. powerless D. unforgettable 51. A. reliability B. alternative C. competitiveness D. recommendation 52. A. applying B. considering C. comparing D. persisting 53. A. appreciating B. assessing C. presenting D. comprehending 54. A. flexible B. positive C. feasible D. progressive 55. A. graspB. changeC. createD. increaseKeys: 41-45 CBDCA46-50 BCDAB 51-55 CABBDIII. Reading Comprehension Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.If you are a perfectionist, you are probably familiar with the feeling of wanting to get everything just right. You may struggle with handing in papers, agonize(苦苦思索) over projects at work, and even worryabout small errors from the past. High 41 are one thing, but perfectionism is quite another. And as some researchers havediscovered,42 perfection canhave serious consequences to mental and physical well-being.Since perfectionism is 43 with negative outcomes, what can someone with perfectionist tendencies do to change their behavior? Although people are sometimes ___44___ to give up their perfectionist tendencies, psychologists point out that giving up on perfection doesn ' t mean being unsuccessful. 45, mistakes are an important part of learning and growing. 46, imperfection can actually help us in the long run.One possible 47 to perfectionism involves developing what psychologists call a growth mindset (思维方式).Researchers at Stanford University have found that cultivating a growth mindset is a key way to help us learn from our failures. Unlike those with 48 mindsets --- who see their skill levels as inborn and unchangeable, those with growth mindsets believe they can improve their abilities by learning from their mistakes. Psychologists point out that parents can play a 49 role in helping their children develop healthier attitudes towardsfailure: they can praise their children for making an effort even if their results are imperfect and help children learn to 50 when they make mistakes.Another 51 option for perfectionism is to cultivate self-compassion (自我同情).Tounderstand self-compassion, thank about how you would 52 a close friend if they made amistake. Chances are that you ' (probably make responses with kindness and understanding, knowing that your friend meant well. The idea behind self-compassion is that we should treat ourselves 53 when we make mistakes, remind ourselves that mistakes are part of beinghuman, and avoid being 54 by negative emotions. Self-compassion can be beneficial formental health, but perfectionists tend not to treat themselves in compassionate ways. If you ' re interested in trying to foster more self-compassion the researcher who developed the concept of self-compassion has a short exercise you can try.Psychologists have also suggested that cognitive (认知的)behavioral therapy can be a way to help people change their beliefs about perfectionism. Although perfectionism is linked to lower mental health, the good news is that perfectionism is something you can change. By working to see mistakes as learning 55, and replacing self-criticism with self- compassion, it ' s possibleto overcome perfectionism and develop a healthier way of setting goals for yourself.41. A. risks B. values C. profits D. standards42. A. identifying B. mirroring C. concealing D. pursuing43. A. hardened B. associated C. compared D. replaced44. A. hesitant B. courageous C. desperate D.bound45. A. for instance B. By contrast C. In fact D. On average46. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Furthermore D. Instead47. A. obstacle B. alternative C. attitude D. equivalent48. A. various B. fixed C. positive D.keen49. A. casual B. creative C. crucial D. changeable50. A. persevere B. scheme C. negotiate D. survive51. A. potential B. conditional C. unique D. sustainable52. A. compete with B. run after C. respond to D. argue with53. A. favorably B. kindly C. accordingly D. differently54. A. promoted B. inspired C. monitored D. consumed55. A. skills B. outcomes C. levels D. opportunitiesKeys: 41~45 DDBAC 46~50 ABBCA 51~55 ACBDDFour【2019届上海市长宁区高三英语二模试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Keeping it in the family"You understand grandmother when she talks to you, don ' t you, darling? I " The girl nods. met her, her Danish mother and English father on a plane to Japan. The parents were eager to41 their experience of bringing up their daughter bilingually(使用双语地)in London. Itisn ' easy: the husband does not speak Japanese, so the child hears the language only from hermother, who has come to 42 that she will reply in English. This can be painful. Not sharingyour first language with loved ones is hard. Not passing it on to your own child can be especiallytough. Many immigrant parents feel a sense of 43.Children are languages easily, but this doesn ' t mean that exposure is enough. They must hear a language quite a bit to understand it — and use it often to be able to speak it comfortably. This is mental work, and a child who doesn an intention haspeak a languagewill often avoid it. So languages often die when parents move abroad. In the past, governments discouraged immigrant families from keeping their languages. These days, officials tend to be45; some even see a valuable resource in immigrants ' language abilities. Yet many factorsensure that children still lose their parents ' languages, or never learn them.A big one is institutional 46 . A child ' s time spent with a second language is time notspent on their first. So teachers often discourage parents from speaking their languages to their children. Parents often 47 obey, worried about their children' seducation. This is a(n)48, for children really can master two languages or even more. Research does indeedsuggest their vocabulary in each language may be somewhat smaller for a while. But other studieshint at intellectual advantages among bilinguals. They may be more skillful at complex tasks, better at maintaining attention.Even without those side-effects,49 , a bilingual child ' s connection to another cultureis a good thing in itself. How to 50? When both parents share the native language, thestrategy is often to speak that at home, and the national language outside. But when they have51languages, perhaps the most common approach is " one parent, one language " . Fran?oi Grosjean, a language expert from Switzerland,52 the necessity. He recommends reservingoccasions on which the only language that may be spoken is the one that needs 53. SabineLittle, a language expert at the University of Sheffield, puts the emphasis elsewhere. Making thenative language yet another task 54 by parents can lead to rejection, she argues. Sherecommends letting the child form their own 55 connection to the language, for languagesare not just another thing to be drilled into a young mind, but a matter of the heart.41. A. conceal B. publicize C. discuss D. imagine42. A. accept B. argue C. decide D. ensure43. A. excitement B. inferiority C. failure D. injustice44. A. momentary B. maximum C. repeated D. continued45. A. less stimulated B. less controlling C. more relieved D. more discouraging46. A. engagement B. feature C. prejudice D. pressure47. A. cheerfully B. faithfully C. immediately D. reluctantly48. A. instance B. shame C. ambition D. suggestion49. A. though B. hence C. besides D. otherwise50. A. keep it up B. carry it on C. figure it out D. bring it about51. A. multiple B. different C. foreign D. target52. A. removes B. challenges C. emphasizes D. ignores53. A. performed B. imposed C.shared D. recommended54. A. skillful B. powerful C. apparent D. emotionalKeys: 41-45 CACAB 46-50 DDBAD 51-55 BCABDFive [2019届上海市徐汇区高三英语二模试题] 一III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Students in Caldwell, Idaho, can attend class in their pajamas(睡衣)! At Vallivue Virtual Academy, courses are taught online. Students work at home with parents, who serve as learning coaches. A certified teacher 41 the students ' progress.The cyber school was 42 as a free option for students in kindergarten through grade8 who have trouble succeeding in the district ' s43 public school. Supporters of the program say that virtual schools help students avoid the social pressures that can 44 withlearning. In addition, supporters argue, online courses provide kids with more focused 45 and course options than they can get in a typical school.Not everyone gives cyber schools a passing grade, however. Some educators argue that online learning makes it hard for students to make friends. Many parents also feel that cyber schools put 46 time demands on them because they have to oversee their kids 'dailywork.Technology can benefit education, but it shouldn 47"education. Students who go to virtual schools will miss many of the benefits of being in a real school.If kids attend school online, they will miss out on important social 48. Paytonsays Angela Goscilo, a seniorfrom Pound Ridge, N.Y. cloh "We need to dev e chn(blogy skills that will help us in whatever we Mcdonough, 13, a seventh grader from Glencoe, III ., agrees. "I don ' t know how I could sit at a computer all day without 49 interacting with my peers and teachers," he says.In addition, virtual schools don' have enough structure. Students who take online courses can set their own schedules, which will cause problems for students who have trouble staying 50.Furthermore, online schooling puts stress on parents because they have to 51 whattheir kids do at home. Many parents have full Time jobs. How are they going to run their children education, 52 in their jobs, and take care of their other responsibilities at home?Virtual schools will make it harder for students to learn and will put too much pressure on parents.Virtual learning does not need to replace classroom learning ________ 53 _____ , but it can help students work at their own pace. If students struggle with subjects, they can take those coursesonline and spend more time on them. Virtual schools can also offer students much more54schedules.Studentsoftenhandle extracurricular activities, sports, and schoolwork, and cyber schools could help them manage everything.Finally, attending virtual school can prepare students for college and for work after 55." We need to be responsible for working on our own, do. Getting an early start is a good idea.41. A. oversees B. suspected C. admitted D. predicted 42. A. tolerated B. launched C. undergone D. t ransformed 43. A. virtual B. superior C. traditional D. specialized 44. A. agree B. put up C. goD. i nterfere 45. A. attention B. definition C. foundation D. i nstruction 46. A. unlimited B. uncivilized C. unrealistic D. u naffected 47. A. turn to B. take over C. take in D. m ake up 48. A. interactions B. education C. occupation D. i dentification 49. A. actually B. presently C. naturally D. logically 50. A. examined B. motivated C. exhausted D. represented51. A. compliment B. award C. supervise D. tempt 52. A. negotiate B. innovate C. control D. excel 53. A. entirely B. partially C. regularly D. purposely 54. A. sustainableB. flexibleC. relevantD. optimistic 55. A. schoolB. studyC. graduationD. educationKeys: 41-45 ABCDD 46-50 CBAAB 51-55 CDABCIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.People hold different views on almost anything, mainly because of the culture we are familiarwith or the education we have received. We live in a 41 world where people are quick topoint out the faults and imperfections of others, yet seem unaware of their own. Some misguidedsouls believe they have a duty to help you to be a better person by telling you what a failure youreally are first and then offering suggestions as to how you can improve.So what is the possible solution to 42? If you are the one forcing others to feel43 themselves, STOP. Make a conscious decision rather than 44 the negative aspectof a person ' s performance or attitudes. You ' ll offer helpfiomugheesegiming. If I ' mpainting our living room and 45 in doing so, I would like my h usband to say to me, " Thisis a tough job. Can I offer a suggestion that might make it easier for you? ” rather than have point out what a 46 painter I am and then tell me how I should be doing it.If you are on the 47 end of criticism, the " OK' response is a perfect WHetton.someone comments negatively on a task you are doing or a personality issue of yours, a(n)48 response is to defend and attack. However, this approach is rarely effective as it putsboth parties on the 49. Instead, simply reply with " OK' T his brief one-word response50 the other person ' s comment without agreeing with it or feeling necessary to engage in adebate about it.It is important to remain emotionally attached to what the other person is saying, to listen上海市各区2019届高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编终结版:完型填空without feeling, to be a(n) 51 observer. In fact, there is much that one can learn from a 52review. You can ask yourself: Did I make a mistake? Could I have done better? Did Igive 100% of myself to the task at hand? If so, how can I improve myself? As for chronic (习惯性 的)criticizers: It is important to set strict boundary with them. Remove yourself from their53 when necessary. 54, one can learn to be " OK' with criticism and not allow it to negatively impact your life or relationship with theother party. Examine it for any potential 55, and then let it go and just be" OK'.41. A. dependent B. judgmental C. selfish D. creative 42. A. criticism B. imperfection C. failure D. unawareness 43. A. devoted toB. connected withC. ashamed ofD. concerned about 44. A.turn downB. get rid ofC. cover upD. focus on45. A. making a messB. asking for troubleC. having funD. offering a helpful hand46. A. considerate B. careless C. humble D. modest 47. A. forcing B. receiving C. criticizing D. advising 48. A. avoidable B. meaningless C. extreme D. natural 49. A. impolite B. dangerous C. defensive D. regretful 50. A. ignores B. acknowledges C. eliminates D. declines 51. A. active B. initiative C. creative D. objective 52. A. reasonable B. agreeable C. negative D. instructive 53. A. praise B. presence C. comment D. help 54. A. In any case B. On the contrary C. To begin with D. For instance 55. A. harmB. conflictC. obstacleD. truthIII. Reading ComprehensionKeys: 41-45 BACDA46-50 BBDCB 51-55 DCBADSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Open data-sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would promote science, most are 41 to post the resultsof their own labours online.Some communities have agreed to share online-geneticists, for example, post DNA sequences at the GenBank repository (库),and astronomers are accustomed to 42 imagesof galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some 500 million objects -- but these remain the 43, not the rule. Historically, scientists have44 sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did not exist;grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on standards for formatting data; and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data.But the 45 are disappearing in part because journals and funding agencies worldwideare encouraging scientists to make their data 46. Last year, the Royal Society in London said in its report that scientists need to 47 a research culture where data is viewed as private preserve Funding agencies n ote that data paid for with public money should be public information, and the scientific community is recognizing that data can now be shared online in ways that were not possible before. To match the growing demand, services are springing up to make it easier to publish research products 48 and enable other researchers to discover andcite (引用)them.Although calls to share data often concentrate on the 49 advantages of sharing, thepractice is not purely beneficial to others. Researchers who share get plenty of personal benefits, including more connections with colleagues, improved 50 and increased citations. The most successful sharers -- those whose data are downloaded and cited the most often -- get noticed, and their work gets used.51, one of the most popular data sets on multidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world; it has been 52 5,700 times.Co-author Amy Zanne thinks that users probably range from climate-change researchers wanting to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to foresters looking for information on different grades of trees. "I ' d much prefer to have my data use>y the 53 number of people to asktheir own questions, " she says. It's important to allow readers and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results. Publishing data and code allows your science to be 54."Even people whose data are less popular can benefit. By making the effort to organize andlabel files so others can understand them, scientists can become more organized and better disciplined themselves, thus avoiding 55 later on.Keys: 41-45 BACDB46-50 DABCA 51-55 CABCB41. A. restricted B. reluctant C. desperate D. generous42. A. accessing B. processing C. analyzing D. identifying43. A. assumption B. mystery C. exception D. phenomenon44. A. longed for B. appealed to C. focused on D. objected to45. A. symptoms B. barriers C. advantages D. consequences46. A. controllable B. unique C. reliable D. public47. A. shift away from B. end up with C. give rise to D. build up48. A. secretly B. digitally C. ethically D. fairly49. A. material B. individual C. moral D. economic50. A. visibility B. awareness C. condition D. confidence51. A. On the contrary B. As a result C. For example D. After all52. A. downloaded B. updated C. optimized D. addressed53. A. moderate B. maximum C. average D. estimated54. A. reversible B. profitable C. reproducible D. recognizable55. A. crisis B. confusion C. risk D. conflictEight【2019届上海市静安区高三英语二模试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.From the nation's earliest days, farming has held a crucial place in the American economy and culture. Farmers play an important role in any society, of course, since they feed people. But farming has been particularly 41 in the United States with intensified attention from civilians and government as well.41.A valued42.A. regulations43.A. shortcut B. accessedB. virtuesB. implicationC. implementedC. obligationsC. rewardD.illustratedD.Early in the nation's life, farmers were seen as exemplifying economic 42 such ashard work, perseverance, and self-sufficiency. Moreover, many Americans, particularly immigrants who may have never held any land in the country, found that owning a farm was the43 to enter the American economic system. They were immediately playing a part in thecountry ' s economy.The American farmer has generally been quite successful at producing food. Indeed, sometimes his success has created his biggest problem: the agricultural sector has suffered periodic explosions of overproduction that have 44 prices. When the government have tostep in and 45 the worst of these events.American farmers owe their ability to produce large yields to a number of factors. For one thing, they work under 46 natural conditions. The American Midwest has some of therichest soil in the world. Rainfall is 47 over most areas of the country; rivers and underground water permit extensive irrigation where it is not.Increasing use of high-quality 48 labor also have contributed to the success of Americanagriculture. It is not unusual to see today's farmers 49 plows or harvesters. One farmer canmanage large lands of farms. Fertilizers and pesticides are commonly used although some environmentalists 50 it. Computers track farm operations, and even 51 technologyis utilized to find the best places to plant and fertilize crops. US agriculture is among the most advanced in the world.Farmers still fight with forces beyond their control,52. Despite its generally benign weather, North America also experiences frequent floods and droughts. Changes in the weather give agriculture its own economic cycles, often 53 the general economy. When negativefactors hit farmers, calls for government assistance are particularly intense. In the 1930s, for instance, bad weather, and the Great Depression combined to push farms over the edge into a(n)54 situation. The government responded with 55 agricultural reforms -- most notably, a system of price supports, whose significance toward the large-scale campaign lasted for many years.。

2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解C篇

2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解C篇

III. Reading ComprehensionSection B ( 22%)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Open data-sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would accelerate science—because other scientists might be able to make advances not foreseen by the data's producers—most are reluctant to post the results of their own labours online. When Wolkovich, for instance, went hunting for the data from the 50 studies in her meta-analysis, only 8 data sets were available online, and many of the researchers whom she e-mailed refused to share their work. Forced to extract data from tables or figures in publications, Wolkovich's team could conduct only limited analyses.Some communities have agreed to share online—geneticists, for example, post DNA sequences at the GenBank repository(库), and astronomers are accustomed to accessing images of galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some 500 million objects –but these remain the exception, not the rule. Historically, scientists have objected to sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did not exist; grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on standards for formatting data and the contextual information called metadata; and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data.But the barriers are disappearing in part because journals and funding agencies worldwide are encouraging scientists to make their data public. Last year, the Royal Society in London said in its report that scientists need to ‘shift away from a research culture where data is viewed as private preserve’. Funding agencies note that data paid for with public money should be public information, and the scientific community is recognizing that data can now be shared digitally in ways that were not possible before. To match the growing demand, services are springing up to make it easier to publish research products online and enable other researchers to discover and cite them.Although calls to share data often concentrate on the moral advantages of sharing, thepractice is not purely altruistic(利他的). Researchers who share get plenty of personal benefits, including more connections with colleagues, improved visibility and increased citations. The most successful sharers –those whose data are downloaded and cited the most often – get noticed, and their work gets used. For example, one of the most popular data sets on multidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world; it has been downloaded 5,700 times. Co-author Amy Zanne, a biologist at George Washington University in Washington DC, thinks that users probably range from climate-change researchers wanting to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to foresters looking for information on different grades of timber. ‘I would much prefer to have my data used by the maximum number of people to ask their own questions,’ she says. ‘It's important to allow readers and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results. Publishing data and code allows your science to be reproducible.Even people whose data are less popular can benefit. By making the effort to organize and label files so others can understand them, scientists become more organized and better disciplined themselves, thus avoiding confusion later on.62. What do many researchers generally accept?A. Open data sharing is conducive to scientific advancement.B. Open data sharing is most important to medical science.C. Repositories are essential to scientific research.D. It is imperative to protect scientists’ patents.63. What is the attitude of most researchers towards making their own data public?A. Ambiguous.B. Neutral.C. Liberal.D. Opposed.64. According to the passage, what might hinder open data sharing?A. The fear of massive copying.B. The lack of a research culture.C. The belief that research data is private intellectual property.D. The concern that certain agencies may make a profit out of it.65. What helps lift some of the barriers to open data sharing?A. The ever-growing demand for big data.B. The advancement of digital technology.C. The changing attitude of journals and funders.D. The trend of social and economic development.66. Dryad serves as an example to show how open data sharing ________.A. benefits sharers and users alikeB. saves both money and laborC. makes researchers successfulD. is becoming increasingly popularKeys: 62-66 ADCCAIII. Reading ComprehensionSection B ( 22%)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump's use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source. Not a president's social media platform.Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to sharpen their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14 and 24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives—especially those that are open about any bias. “Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,” the survey concluded.Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people's reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,” more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social media.In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,” says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief at Barna Group.So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills – and in their choices on when to share on social media.63. According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubt on ____________.A. the justification of the news-filtering practiceB. people's preference for social media platformsC. the administration’s ability to handle informationD. social media was a reliable source of news64. According to the knight foundation survey, young people .A. tend to voice their opinions in cyberspaceB. verify news by referring to diverse resourcesC. have a strong sense of responsibilityD. like to exchange views on “distributed trust”65. The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem is ______________.A. readers’ outdated valuesB. journalists' biased reportingC. readers' misinterpretationD. journalists' made-up stories66. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting TrendB. A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News OnlineC. The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social MediaD. The Platforms for Projection of Personal InterestsKeys: 63-66 DBCBIII. Reading ComprehensionSection B ( 22%)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Privacy is necessary for human society to function. The problem is not that the information exists but that it reaches the wrong people. Information on the Internet could bring great benefits to society, and to individuals, when huge datasets(数据集集) can yield information otherwise unavailable. But once the information is gathered, a precautionary principle has to apply. It is unreasonable to agree with John Perry Barlow, the Internet rights pioneer, when he wittily remarked that "relying on the government to protect your privacy is like asking a peeping Tom to install your window blinds"; but it does not help when it appears that everything the public sector does with the huge datasets it has will be overseen by the media.Governments need to keep our trust; but technology wears away privacy in two ways. The first is simply smartphones. Most Britons-70%-now carry around with them devices which record and report their location, their friends and their interests all the time. The second is the ease with which two or more datasets can be combined to bring out secrets that are apparent in neither set on its own Now nearly 90% of the US population can be uniquely identified simply by combining their gender, date of birth and postal code. All kinds of things can be reliably inferred from freely available data: four likes on Facebook are usually enough to reveal a person's standard of spouse selection.Underlying such problems is human psychology. No one forces anybody to reveal their preferences on Facebook. The latest spectacular breach (泄露) of privacy came when the exercise app Strava published a global map of the 3 trillion data points its users had uploaded, which turned out to reveal the location of secret US military bases around the world. But the chance to boast about where you have been and how fast you were moving is exactly what makes Strava popular.Psychology, as much as technology, made this a massive security breach The users gave enthusiastic consent(允许), but it was fantastically ill-informed. Then again how could anyone give informed consent when not even the firms that collect the data can know how it will be used?The protection of private data from unintentional disclosure(公开) is primarily a social or psychological problem. What’s needed is a chance of attitude among those who harvest and process the data. They need constantly to ask themselves -or to be asked by society-how this information could be used for harm, and how to prevent that from happening.63. The underlined word “overseen” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to“______”A supervised B. disturbed C. overlooked D. underestimated64. The Strava incident is recalled to indicate____________.A. users should have stopped the app from publicly broadcasting their locationB. users should be reliably informed before giving consent for access to their dataC. users give away their personal data to satisfy their basic human desiresD. users have lost confidence in the government to protect their privacy65. According to the writer, the key to solving privacy problems is_____.A. for technicians to upgrade smartphone systems and instruct social media behaviorB. for data providers to give informed consent before using any appC for the government to ban the unapproved in formation exchange between datasetsD. for the data collectors to ensure the appropriate use of data66. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Two datasets are better than oneB. It's the psychology, stupidC. Technology: a two-edged swordD. No privacy on the Internet, experts warnKeys: 63-66: ACDBIII. Reading ComprehensionSection B ( 22%)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)The health benefits of engaging in physical activity (PA) during childhood include enhanced fitness,cognitive function and bone health;reduced body fatness,motor skill development,and favourable cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk profiles.Being active during childhood can also improve self-esteem and reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression.Participation in PA in youth is of great importance as PA mat track into adulthood where adequate levels pf PA are protective against many chronic diseases.However,in the UK appropriately 75% of boys and 80% of girls aged 5-10 years are not meeting the daily recommendation of 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity...Unstructured play is also an essential part of childhood which enables children to develop a relationship with their surroundings and enhances social skills,coordination and strength.Outdoor environments facilitate play and are associated with increased levels of PA.Thus,children should be provided with daily opportunities to play outdoors. The school environment provides such an opportunity through the provision of playtime.Playtime normally takes place on the concrete school playground and lasts for at least one hour per day.However,universally playtime is reported to make relatively small contributions to children's overall daily activity requirements.In the UK,only one known study has reported the contribution of playtime to overall activity requirements,with contributions being as low as 4.5%.A number of studies have successfully increased playtime PA through the introduction of interventions such as sports or games equipment,playground markings,fitness breaks and playground structures.However,these types of interventions tend to facilitate structured rather than unstructured PA.Unstructured PA is essential to childhood development and therefore needs to be encouraged during playtime.Natural environments can encourage unstructured play and may therefore play a role in facilitating unstructured PA during playtime.Natural environments provide large open spaces which encourage individuals to be active,whilst areas lacking nature may restrict PA due to limited space and parental fears over crime and road traffic.Children report a preference for play in natural environments,with nature facilitating more imaginative and inventive play.Furthermore,adolescents living in urban settings with access to green spaces such as parks are more likely to be physically active than their peers without park access,indicating that all forms of nature can be used as a tool for engaging youth in PA.Thus,if school playtime were performed on the school field it is possible that children's PA levels would be increased.To date,there is a lack of data quantifying the impact of natural environments on levels of PA in children,particularly within the school setting.Performing PA in a natural environment ("Green Exercise") has also been demonstrated to provide improvements in self-esteem in adults,whether participants are simply viewing scenes of nature or directly interacting with natural environments.Studies in adolescents and children suggest that Green Exercise has no such additive effect on self-esteem compared to exercise in other environments.However,the only known study in children examined the impact of a green playtime intervention consisting of orienteering(定向越野比赛).The task-oriented,structured nature of orienteering may not facilitate the green exercise effect.Unstructured free play in a natural environment may allow greater interaction with the environment, thus benefiting self-esteem.63.The main purpose of the passage is to ?A.defend an unpopular belief.B.confirm a previously untested hypothesis.C.summarize various studies of a social condition.D.expose common misconceptions surrounding an issue.64.As used in par.1 "track" most nearly means .A.carryB.assignC.monitorD.linger65.What does the author claim about "Green Exercise" in par.6?A.It benefits adults' self-esteem but its effects on children have not been fully determined.B.Looking at images of natural environments is the best way to improve self-esteem.C.Adolescents do not benefit from green exercise in the same way that adults do.D.Self-esteem can only rise through direct interaction with the environment.66.What does the author imply about physical activity in a natural environment?A.Scientific studies have determined that physical activity can only benefit self-esteem in adults.B.The relationship between physical activity in nature and self-esteem requires further study.C.Although it has been studied,physical activity in a natural environment's effects are unclear in both children and adults.D.Physical activity in a natural environment benefits self-esteem in both children and adults.Keys: 63-66 CDABIII. Reading ComprehensionSection B ( 22%)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? Your neighbour or a super star? A few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality device.Rikke Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She swapped with her partner, an actor, using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man. "As I looked down, I saw my whole body as a man, dressed in my partner's pants," she said. "That's the picture I remember best."The set-up is relatively simple.Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top. The video from each camera is sent to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your partner. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it.To get used to seeing another person's body without actually having control of it, participants start by raising their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along.Eventually, this kind of slow synchroni z ed(同步的)movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another person's body.Using such technology promises to alter people's behaviour afterwards-potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias thathumans have against those who don't look or sound like them. Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people's associations between,for instance, black people and adjectives such as good, bad, athletic or awkward. Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses, before taking the test again. This time, the participants' bias scores were lower. The idea is that once you've"put yourself in another’s shoes" you're less likely to think ill of them, because your brain has internali z ed the feeling of being that person.The creators of The Machine to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result. "At the end of body swapping,people feel like holding each other in their arms," says Arthur Pointeau,a programmer with the project. "It's a really nice way to have this kind of experience. I would really, really recommend it to everyone."63.The word "swapping" (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to______.A. buildingB. exchangingC. controllingD. transplanting64.We can infer from the experiment at the Be Another lab that______.A. our feelings are related to our bodily experienceB. we can learn to take control of other people's bodiesC. participants will live more passionately after the experimentD. The Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes65.In the Implicit Association Test,before the participants used virtual reality glasses to control a dark skinned digital character, ______.A. they fought strongly against racismB. they scored lower on the test for racismC. they changed their behaviour dramaticallyD. they were more biased against those unlike them66.It can be concluded from the passage that______.A. technology helps people realize their dreamsB. our biases could be eliminated through experimentsC. virtual reality helps promote understanding among peopleD. our points of view about others need changing constantlyKeys 63-66 BADCIII. Reading ComprehensionSection B ( 22%)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)“The Heart of the Matter,” the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report's failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by "federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others" to "maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education."In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission's 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students' ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.Unfortunately, despite 2½ years in the making, "The Heart of the Matter" never gets to theheart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don't know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing "progressive," or left-liberal propaganda.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets or self-reliance —as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.63. Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to _____.A. maintain people’s interest in liberal educationB. define the government’s role in educationC.keep a leading position in liberal educationD. safeguard individual’s rights to education64. Which one of the following statements about what the AAAS plan suggests is true?A. an exclusive study of American historyB. a greater emphasis on theoretical subjectsC. the application of emerging technologiesD. funding for the study of foreign languages65. It can be inferred from the passage that .A. professor are routinely supportive of free marketsB. intellectual investigation are put great value on in collegeC. progressive public policy is out of boundaries of proper studyD. professors have prejudice against classical liberal ideas66. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A.. The AAAS’s Contribution to Liberal EducationB. Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter”C. Ways to Grasp “The Heart of the Matter”D. Progressive Policy vs. Liberal EducationKeys: 63-66 CCDBIII. Reading ComprehensionSection B ( 22%)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Dr. Donald Sadoway at MIT started his own battery company with the hope of changing the world’s energy future. It’s a dramatic endorsement for a technology most people think about only when their smartphone goes dark. But Sadoway isn’t al one in boasting energy storage as a missing link to a cleaner, more efficient, and more equitable energy future.Scientists and engineers have long believed in the promise of batteries to change the world. Advanced batteries are moving out of specialized markets and creeping into the mainstream, signaling a tipping point for forward-looking technologies such as electric cars and rooftop solar panels.The ubiquitous (无所不在的)battery has already come a long way, of course. For better or worse, batteries make possible our mobile-first lifestyles, our screen culture, our increasingly globalized world. Still, as impressive as all this is, it may be trivial compared with what comes next. Having already enabled a communications revolution, the battery is now poised to transform just about everything else.The wireless age is expanding to include not just our phones, tablets, and laptops, but also our cars, homes, and even whole communities. In emerging economies, rural communities are bypassing the wires and wooden poles that spread power. Instead, some in Africa and Asia are seeing their first lightbulbs illuminated by the power of sunlight stored in batteries.Today, energy storage is a $33 billion global industry that generates nearly 100 gigawatt-hours of electri city per year. By the end of the decade, it’s expected to be worth over $50 billion and generate 160 gigawatt-hours, enough to attract the attention of major companies that。

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III. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AI’ve become increasingly concerned about the linguistic sloppiness of the average worker, and not those who have learned English as a second language but native English speakers, regardless of income level, schooling or other determining factors.The number of people who read seems to be decreasing. The digital world has become the preferred baby sitter for children and the most effective way for adults to comfort themselves after a day’s work. Teachers, overworked and underpaid, seem to be fighting a losing battle – or are some prolonging it?These days I see glaring grammatical errors on résumés and cover letters, websites, signs, emails regardless of management skills or income level. Job hunters write asking me for “advise”. People who are in the job market, hoping to be invited in for an interview, write some of these, and the paperwork is full of punctuation and grammatical mistakes. Were they careless? Or do they not know? Maybe it doesn’t matter. Maybe the hiring authority doesn’t know the difference either.The other day I saw the back of a company shirt that said: “providing quality service since 10 years.” A company shirt? How many were printed and are worn by employees who walk around advertising that their company has someone in an upper-level management position who didn’t catch the error or, worse yet, didn’t know the difference?Last week a senior level manager emailed me. He confused “its” and “it’s” in three different places. Here’s another example: I do product testing for a research panel. The product came with a slip of paper that said: “This commitment covers not discussing this product or it’s usage with others outside your home.”Here’s what really bugs me: a rule that seems to have come into effect – if in doubt, add an apostrophe. So what has happened is that people all over America have lost the understanding of the difference between plural and possessive.Your résumés and your cover letter are not just a summary of your background. They are not just an introduction of you when you hope to be considered for an interview. First and foremost, it is a brochure, and it is selling a product, and the product is you. If you wouldn’t go to an interview in blue jeans, don’t send your cover letter and résumés with mistakes to a prospective employer.Don’t rely on Microsoft Word’s ABC/grammar checker. It isn’t able to detect if a word is spelled correctly but used out of context. The grammar checker won’t help you unless you have a fundamental understanding of grammar to begin with. In fact, if you defer to the grammar checker’s advice, you’ll probably increase your number of mistakes.An excellent reference book to keep on hand is The Elements of Grammar by Margaret Shertzer. In “Words Often Confused”, it clarifies the differences between pairs of words such as “well/good” and “less/fewer”.Don’t tell yourself it doesn’t matter. Above all, don’t tell yourself that everyone speaks poorly these days, and the hiring authority won’t know or care. The ability to communicate, written and spoken, is of utmost importance – certainly in business. And it only becomes more valuable as fewer people are able to demonstrate it.56.The examples cited in paragraphs 4 and 5 are intended to illustrate ______.A. the employees are proud of their companyB. to err is humanC. holding senior positions doesn’t guarantee correct usage of languageD. managers are so busy as to be careless with their language57.According to the author, when American people are not sure whether to use “it’s” or “its”, they are likely to ______.A. use the formerB. use the latterC. ask the author for adviceD. turn to Microsoft Word58.The underlined word “defer” can be best replaced by ______.A. consultB. followC. objectD. yield59.Which of the following statements will the author probably agree with?A. Going to a job interview in smart jeans is better than sending résumés with mistakes to a prospective employer.B. Microsoft Word’s spelling checker cannot always spot a mistake because it has a limitedvocabulary.C. Some teachers are themselves using language incorrectly.D. The hiring authorities care about linguistic correctness and act as role models.Keys: 56-59 CADCIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.The summer I turned 16, my father gave me his ‘69 Chevy Malibu convertible(敞篷车)’. Beautifully repainted with V-8 engine—it was a gift wasted on me at that age. What did I know about classic cars? The important thing was that Hannah and I could drive around Tucson with the top down.Hannah was my best friend, a year younger but much taller, almost five foot ten. “Hannah’s going to be something,” my mother always said. And sure enough, that summer she signed with a modeling agency. She was already doing catalog and runway work.A month after my birthday, Hannah and I went to the movies. On the way home, we stopped at the McDonald’s drive-through, putting the fries on the seat between us to share.“Let’s ride around awhile,” I said. It was a clear night, oven-warm, full moon cast low over the desert. Taking a curve too fast, I hit a patch of dirt and slid from side to side. I then cut through a neighbor’s landscape wall and drove into a full-grown palm. The front wheels came to rest halfway up the tree trunk.French fries on the floor, the dash, and my lap. An impossible amount of blood on Hannah’s face, pieces of skin hanging into her eyes. They took us in separate ambulances. In the emergency room, my parents spoke quietly: Best plastic surgeon in the city. End of her modeling career.We’d been wearing lap belts, but the car didn’t have shoulder bands. I’d damaged my cheekbone on the wheel; Hannah’s forehead had split wide open on the dash. What would I say to her?When her mother, Sharon, came into my hospital room, I started to cry, bracing myself for her anger. She sat beside me and took my hand. “I hit my best friend’s car in the rear when I was your age,” she said. “I wrecked her car and mine.”“I’m so sorry,” I said.“You’re both alive,” she said. “The rest is window dressing.” I started to protest, and Sharon stopped me. “I forgive you. Hannah will too.”Sharon’s forgiveness allowed Hannah and me to get back in the car together that summer, to stay friends throughout high school and college, to be in each other’s weddings, and to watch my four teenagers fawn over her three younger children. I think of her gift of forgiveness every time I’m tempted to blame someone for something recognized as wrong. And whenever I see Hannah. The scars are so faded that no one else would notice, but in the sunlight I can still see the faint shimmer(微光) just below her hairline—for me, an sign of grace.56. Which of the following about Hannah is TRUE according to the passage?A. She was not as badly injured as the author.B. She never really forgave me though her mother did.C. She learned the gift of forgiveness through the accident.D. She could have been a model if she hadn’t experienced the accident.57. In paragraph 4, “window dressing” is closest in meaning to “_______”.A. insignificantB. colorfulC. undeterminedD. hopeful58. According to the passage, Sharon comforted the author by _______.A. showing her own scarB. mentioning her own storyC. visiting the author in personD. teaching the author a personal lesson59. Which of the following might be the best title of the article?A. A Graceful FriendB. A Lasting FriendshipC. A Lucky Car AccidentD. The Gift of ForgivenessKeys: 56-59 DABDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AMeasles (麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine (疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called “herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work.But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out (决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption(豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.56. The first two paragraphs suggest that __________.A. a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trendB. the outbreak of measles attracts the public attentionC. anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasonsD. information about measles spreads quickly57. Herd immunity works well when __________.A. exemptions are allowedB. several vaccines are used togetherC. the whole neighborhood is involved inD. new regulations are added to the state laws58. What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?A. The overuse of vaccine.B. The lack of medical care.C. The features of measles itself.D. The vaccine opt-outs of some people.59. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To introduce the idea of exemption.B. To discuss methods to cure measles.C. To stress the importance of vaccination.D. To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.Keys: 56-59 ACDCIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Sandra Boynton, a children’s author, has in more recent years branched out into kids music. Her most recent album Hog Wild!, for example, features Samuel L. Jackson as a Tyrannosaurus Rex. She talked in an interview about how to tap into kids' imaginations and how to make scary things less threatening for them.In your years of writing and illustrating children’s books, have you noticed anything that really sparks a child’s imagination?I think maybe there’s no basic difference between what fascinates a child and what fascinates the rest of us. We’re all drawn to things that wake us up, things that grab our attention through our hearing or our sight or our sense of touch. We’re curious about the world as it is, and we’re curious about what could be. Imagination follows curiosity pretty naturally.It doesn’t feel to me like it’s been a long time that I’ve been drawing and writing things. It doesn’t feel like a short time, either. It just feels like what I do. I make things. I’m a permanent Kindergartner, I guess.You often take a threatening figure like a Tyrannosaurus Rex or a monster and make him cute. Do you have any suggestions for how to make children less afraid of things?Actually, I think kids kind of like being afraid of things, as long as someone calm is right there with reassurance. Hugging helps.What have you learned about childhood from writing kids’ books?Accessing childhood has actually never been that hard. It’s adulthood that’s still perplexing.I would guess that most children’s book writers are that way. I’m really writing books and making music for my own child-self. But I’m certainly delighted and grateful that my books work for people other than just me. It keeps me from having to find an actual job.A lot of authors are worried that children spend too much time on digital devices rather than with books, but you seem to have embraced it. Why?When the interactive book app universe was new, I was, as a creator of things, curious. My background is theater, and I thought it could be interesting to try to figure out how to create content that’s both theater-like and book-like. I found a superb partner in this, the insanely ingenious Loud Crow Interactive in Vancouver. We worked intensively together for a couple of years and made five very cool apps. I’m proud of them. But now, having too often seen very young kids sitting idly, staring at screens, I have my doubts.81. What does Sandra Boynton think about imagination?A. It fascinates both adults and children.B. It can be waken up by attention to senses.C. It can be naturally aroused out of curiosity.D. It lasts for long in a permanent kindergartner.82. When writing children’s books, Sandra ______.A. finds herself confused about remembering childhoodB. agrees with other book writers that writing is hardC. puts herself in a child’s place and thinks like a childD. is delighted that she doesn’t need to find another job83. Sandra thinks the apps she made with her partner were cool because they were ______.A. new ways to increase interactions between usersB. interactive by combining theatre and bookC. beneficial with the content both theatre-like and book-likeD. created by an insanely ingenious expert and friend84. We can conclude from the interview that ______.A. Sandra is good at making a threatening figure cuteB. kids are always calm instead of being afraid of thingsC. digital devices have been embraced by most of the authorsD. there were no interactive book apps before Sandra’s appsKeys: 81-84CCBAIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The days of the hunter are almost over in India. This is partly because there is practically nothing left to kill, and partly because some steps have been taken, mainly by banning tiger-shooting, to protect those animals which still survive.Some people say that Man is naturally a hunter. I disagree with this view. Surely our earliestforefathers, who at first possessed no weapons, spent their time digging for roots, and were no doubt themselves often hunted by meat-eating animals.I believe the main reason why the modern hunter kills is that he thinks people will admire his courage in overpowering dangerous animals. Of course, there are some who truly believe that the killing is not really the important thing, and that the chief pleasure lies in the joy of the hunt and the beauties of the wild countryside. There are also those for whom hunting in fact offers a chance to prove themselves and risk death by design; these men go out after dangerous animals like tigers, even if they say they only do it to rid the countryside of a threat. I can respect reasons like these, but they are clearly different from the need to strengthen your high opinion of yourself.The greatest big-game hunters expressed in their writings something of these finer motives. One of them wrote, “You must properly respect what you are after and shoot it cleanly and on the animal’s own territory. You must fix forever in your mind all the wonders of that particular day. This is better than letting him grow a few years older to be attacked and wounded by his own son and eventually eaten, half alive, by other animals, Hunting is not a cruel and senseless killing – not if you respect the thing you kill, not if you kill to enrich your memories, not if you kill to feed your people. ”I can understand such beliefs, and can compare these hunters with those who hunted lions with spears and bravely caught them by the tail. But this is very different from many tiger-shoots I have seen, in which modern weapons were used. The so-called hunters fired from tall trees or from the backs of trained elephants. Such methods made tigers seem no more dangerous than rabbits.56. There is no more hunting in India now partly because __________.A. it is dangerous to hunt thereB. hunting is already out of dateC. hunters want to protect animalsD. there are few animals left to hunt57. The author thinks modern hunters kill mainly __________.A. to make the countryside safeB. to earn people’s admirationC. to gain power and influenceD. to improve their health58. What do we learn about the big-game hunters?A. They hunt old animals.B. They mistreat animals.C. They hunt for food.D. They hunt for money.59. What is the author’s view on the tiger-shoots he has seen?A. Modern hunters lack the courage to hunt face-to-face.B. Modern hunters should use more advanced weapons.C. Modern hunters like to hunt rabbits instead of tigers.D. Modern hunters should put their safety first.Keys: 56-59DBCAIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.Over the past several decades, the U.S., Canada, and Europe have received a great deal of media and even research attention over unusual phenomena and unsolved mysteries. These include UFOs as well as sightings and enco unters with “nonhuman creatures” such as Bigfoot and the Loch Ness monster. Only recently has Latin America begun to receive some attention as well. Although the mysteries of the Aztec, Mayan, and Inca civilizations have been known for centuries, now the public is also becoming aware of unusual, paranormal phenomena in countries such as Peru.The Nazca “lines” of Peru were discovered in the 1930s. These lines are deeply carved into a flat, stony plain, and form about 300 intricate(精美的) pictures of animals such as birds, a monkey, and a lizard. Seen at ground level, the designs are a jumbled senseless mess. The images are so large that they can only be viewed at a height of 1,000 feet —meaning from an aircraft. Yet there were no aircraft in 300 B.C., when it is judged the designs were made. Nor were there then, or are there now, any nearby mountain ranges from which to view them. So how and why did the native people of Nazca create these marvelous designs? One answer appeared in 1969, when the German researcher and writer Erich von Daniken proposed that the lines were drawn by extraterrestrials(外星人) as runways for their aircraft. The scientific community did not takelong to scoff at and abandon von Daniken’s theory. Over the years severa l other theories have been put forth, but none has been accepted by the scientific community.Today there is a new and heightened interest in the Nazca lines. It is a direct result of the creation of the Internet. Currently there are over 60 sites dedicated to this mystery from Latin America’s past, and even respected scientists have joined the discussion through e-mail and chat rooms. Will the Internet help explain these unsolved mysteries? Perhaps it is a step in the right direction.56. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Latin America has long received attention for unusual phenomena.B. Public attention is now directed towards countries like Peru.C. Public interest usually focuses on North America and Europe.D. Some ancient civilizations have unsolved mysteries.57. We can infer from the passage that the higher the lines are seen, the _______ the images they present.A. smallerB. largerC. clearerD. brighter58. There has been increasing interest in the Nazca lines mainly because of ______.A. the participation of scientistsB. the emergence of the InternetC. the birth of new theoriesD. the interest in the Internet59. The author is _______ about the role of the Internet in solving mysteries.A. cautiousB. pessimisticC. uncertainD. optimisticKeys: 56-59 ACBDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)A traffic jam when you’re already late.A free ride when you’ve already paid.The fact that the King James Bible is the most spotlighted book in the United States.One of these three things is an example of irony-the reversal of what is expected or intended. The other two are not. The difference between them may be one of the most curious linguistic(语言学的)misunderstanding you’re likely to encounter. “Ironic” does not, technically, mean “unfortunate”, “interesting” or “coincidental” despite these terms often being used interchangeably. And that frequent misuse has not escaped linguists(语言学家); according to the editors “We estimate that ironic might be the most abused word in the English language.”So what does irony really mean and where does the confusion come from? Part of the ambiguity probably originates from the fact that there are no fewer than three definitions of irony depending on which dictionary you use. There’s Socratic irony (an ancient dialogue move) , and dramatic irony(an ancient theatrical move), but the definition of irony we care about is situational irony. Situational irony occurs when, as the Oxford English Dictionary defines it, “a state of affairs or an event... seems deliberately contrary to what one expects and is often slightly amusing as a result.”The trick, is the deliberately contrary part-for a situation to be ironic, it must be the opposite of what is expected, not merely an amusing coincidence. A traffic jam when you’re already late may be an undesirable coincidence, but it is not the opposite outcome one would expect when leaving for work late. Instead, College Humor writer Patrick Cassels corrects the situation like this: “A traffic jam when you’re already late to receive an award from the Municipal Planning Board for changing the city’s automobile congestion by 80 percent.” Now that’s irony.56.The common misunderstanding of the word “ironic” is that_______.A. It describes something unlucky, amusing or coincidentalB. It shows something that is opposite to what is expected or intendedC. It means unfortunate, interesting and coincidental at the same timeD. It is not the abused word in the English language57. The underlined word “ambiguity” means_________.A. distinctionB. understandingC. uncertaintyD. issue58.Which following situation can be described as “ironic” according to the above passage?A. John was supposed to enjoy a free ride but actually he had paid for it before.B. Alexander Bell invented the telephone, but refused to keep one in his study for fear of distractionC.You had planned a perfect wedding and invited all the important people, when it started to rain.D. McDonalds’ employee warned against eating Kentucky Chicken burgers and fries.59. What will be the best title for the passage?A. An Unexpected Traffic JamB. The Most Misused Word in EnglishC. Why Is the Word Irony MisusedD. Curious Linguists Settled Another MisunderstandingKeys: 56-59 ACBBIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Everyone gathered around and Paddy read out loud, slowly, his tone growing sadder and sadder. The little headline said: BOXER RECEIVES LIFF SENTENCE.Frank Cleary, aged 26, professional boxer, was today found guilty of the murder of Albert Gumming, aged 32, laborer, last July. The jury(陪审团) reached its decision after only ten minutes, recommending the most severe punishment to the court. It was, said the Judge, a simple case. Cumming and Cleary had quarreled violently at the Harbour Hotel on July 23rd and police saw Cleary kicking at the head of the unconscious Gumming. When arrested, Cleary was drunk but clear-thinking.Cleary was sentenced to life imprisonment with hard labour. Asked if he had anything to say, Clear y answered, “Just don’t tell my mother.”“It happened over three years ago,” Paddy said helplessly. No one answered him or moved, for no one knew what to do. “Just don’t tell my mother,” said Fee numbly(麻木地). “And no one did! Oh, God! My poor, poor Frank!”Paddy wiped the tears from his face and said. “Fee, pack your things. We’ll go to see him.”She half-rose before sinking back, her eyes in her small white face stared as if dead. “I can’t go,” she said without a hint of pain, yet making everyone feel that the pain was there. “It would kill him to see me. I know him so well—his pride, his ambition. Let him bear the shame alone, it’s what he wants. We’ve got to help him keep his secret. What good will it do him to see us?”Paddy was still weeping, not for Fr ank, but for the life which had gone from Fee’s face, for the dying in her eyes. Frank had always brought bitterness and misfortune, always stood between Fee and himself. He was the cause of her withdrawal from his heart and the hearts of his children. Eve ry time it looked as if there might be happiness for Fee, Frank took it away. But Paddy’s love for her was as deep and impossible to wipe out as hers was for Frank.So he said, “Well, Fee, we won’t go. But we must make sure he is taken care of. How about i f I write to Father Jones and ask him to look out for Frank?”There was no excitement in the eyes, but a faint pink stole into her cheeks. “Yes, Paddy, do that. Only make sure he knows not to tell Frank we found out. Perhaps it would ease Frank to think fo r certain that we don’t know.”56.Paddy cried because he thought ___________.A. Frank did kill someone and deserved the punishmentB. Frank should have told Fee what had happenedC. what had happened to Frank was killing FeeD. Frank had always been a man of bad moral character57.The underlined sentence “She half-rose before sinking back…” in Paragraph 6 shows that___________.A. Fee was so heart-broken that she could hardly stand upB. Fee didn’t want to upset Paddy by visiting FrankC. Fee couldn’t l eave her family to go to see Frank。

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