(完整word版)英文科技文献阅读
一篇英语科技文献摘要范文
一篇英语科技文献摘要范文Title: The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on HealthcareAbstract:Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been revolutionizing various industries, and healthcare is no exception. This paper explores the impact of AI on healthcare, includingits benefits and challenges. AI technologies such as machine learning, natural language processing, and robotics have the potential to improve patient care, diagnosis, treatment, and operational efficiency in healthcare settings. However, the integration of AI in healthcare also raises ethical, privacy, and security concerns. This paper discusses both the positive and negative implications of AI in healthcare and provides recommendations for future research and development in this field.中文：标题：人工智能对医疗保健的影响摘要：人工智能（AI）已经在各个行业进行革命性改变，医疗保健行业也不例外。
本文探讨了人工智能对医疗保健的影响，包括其益处和挑战。
英文文献 科技类 原文及译文33
Multi-texture-model for Water Extraction Based on Remote Sensing ImageHua WANG, Li PAN, Hong ZHENGSchool of Remote Sensing and Information & Engineering, Wuhan University 129 Luoyu Road,Wuhan 430079,P.R.ChinaSchool of Electronic Information, Wuhan University 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079,P.R.ChinaAbstract:In this paper, a multi-texture-model for water extraction based on remote sensing imagery is proposed. The model is applied to extract inland water (including wide river, lake and reservoir)from high-resolution panchromatic images. Firstly directional variance is used to find river regions, and then grain table is adopted to avoid noise including objects that have similar directional variance characteristic as water surfaces. The experiment result shows that the proposed method provides an effective way for water extraction.1. IntroductionThe recognition of water from remote sensing image has drawn considerable attention in recent yeas. A large number of publications about water extraction appeared and various approaches for water extraction have been proposed. Zhou developed a descriptive model for automatic extraction of water based on spectral characteristics[1]. Barton applied channel 4 for NOAA/AVHRR to extract water[2]. Du proposed a approach for water extraction from SPOT-5 based on decision tree algorithm[3]. Li recognized and monitored clear water from MODIS[4]. Wu extracted water from Quick Bird image and used active contour model to obtain accurate position of river bank[5]; In order to extract water from high-spatial remote sensing images, He used wavelet technique to expend the information and cleaned main noise of the images, and then presented multi-window linearity reserve technique to conserve linear water[6].Recently, most research work on water extraction was forced on automatic recognition of water from remote sensing images based on spectral characteristics. However, there are some disadvantages of these methods: (1) The resolution of image used for water extraction is low. The minimum size of recognizable object is depended on the spatial resolution of sensor. Therefore it is difficult to obtain accurate position of water boundary. (2) Due to the characteristic of water itself and the sensor applied, in certain channels the spectral features of different objects are equilibrated. The equilibration leads to the phenomena of “different objects same image” or“different images same object”, which results in noise objects included in extraction result.In this paper, a multi-texture-model for water extraction based on remote sensing is proposed. The model is applied to extract inland water (including wide river, lake and reservoir) fromhigh-resolution panchromatic image. Firstly directional variance is applied to find river regions, and then grain table is adopted to avoid noise including objects that have similar directional variance characteristic as water surfaces. The experiment result shows that the proposed method provides an effective way for water extraction.This paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, the directional variance model adopted is introduced. Then, fusion of proposed grain table model with directional variance model is discussed in Section 3.The experimental results of the proposed multi-texture-model and comparative studies with single models are given in Section 4. We conclude this paper in Section 5.2. Directional Variance ModelThe aim of our research is to extract water larger than 100m2from panchromatic images. As shown in Figure 2(a), the research objects can be divided into three classes: wide river, lake and reservoir, which all represent as region in high-resolution imageries. The objects of background can be divided into two classes: building and cropland, which also represent as region.In panchromatic imagery, wide river has a similar gray level to building and cropland, though the mean grayof lake and reservoir is much lower than the background objects. Conventional methods for water extraction based on spectral characteristics are not effective in the situation. In the meantime, water body defines homogeneous areas whereas building and cropland correspond to heterogeneous regions. Therefore, we take into account the homogeneity of the image to separate wide river, lake and reservoir from background instead. To characterize the difference of homogeneity between water body and the other types of areas, we use a textual operator: the directional variance.2.1. The Directional Variance OperatorThe operator is derived from those defined by Guerin & Maitre and Airault & Jamet[10]. As shown in Figure1, the directional variance consists in computing, for each pixel M of the image, the variance of the gray levels of the image on several direction of a circle whose center is M and radius is R. Then, the direction with the highest variance value is kept. Its direction defines the direction for which image is the most heterogeneous, locally. Its variance value is the directional variance value of the pixel M.2.2. Extraction of water based on directional varianceAccording to the definition of the operator, the minimum acreage of recognizable water body is depended on the length of radius R. We have chosen a length of 10 pixels for 1m resolution. The directional variances of the five typical training samples (wide river, lake, reservoir, building and cropland) have been computed and the statistical comparison is summarized in Table1. The overall average of water directional variance is lower than the objects of background.Nevertheless, the directional variance of cropland is similar to wide river with overlapping potion over 90%.Inhigh-resolution panchromatic imagery, details inside wide river, such as boat, wave, etc, are represented clearly which result in the heterogeneous of water. In the meantime, the textures of parts of building (for example, roof ) and cropland are rather fine. In a small window, these potions define homogeneous areas with similar directional variance as wide river. The result is improved if we chosen a length of 100 pixels. The statistical comparison is shown in Table2. If the length of radius is large enough, directional variance of building is higher than other objects obviously with no overlapping portion; the difference between cropland and wide river is increased while the overlapping potion is decreased. However, increasing the radius leads to two problems which are outlined as follow:1) The size of recognizable water body increases;therefore water which has small acreage (for example narrow river) can not be detected.2) The position of water bank is not accurate although the spatial resolution of imagery is rather high.Hence, in this paper, a multi-texture-model is presented and two texture models are fused to extract water from panchromatic images. Firstly, we chose a radius of 10 pixels to extract water based on directional variance; and then, grain table is adopted to avoid noise including parts of building and cropland that have similar directional variance characteristic as water surface.3. Multi-texture-modelIn high-resolution imagery, cropland and building represents structural characteristic. According to this characteristic, grain analysis is adopted for further research on the original extraction based on directional variance. The grain table histogram is able to represent structural characteristic of the research object, which can be applied to recognize many kinds of different objects [12].3.1. Extraction of water fused by grain tableThe grain table histograms of the five typical training samples (wide river, lake, reservoir, building and cropland) are computed and correlation coefficients between them are summarized in Table3. Correlation coefficients between water classes are over 85%, however, correlation coefficients between water classes and background classes are lower than 65%.Hence, we compare the correlation coefficients of regions in extraction image base on directional variance with three water samples and two background samples respectively. If the region has a higher correlation coefficient with background classes, it will be marked background and wiped off[13].4.Experimental ResultsWe run the algorithm on several high-resolution panchromatic images. In Figure2.(a), we have been considering an aerial photograph(6126×4800) of a region in Wuhan, China, the resolution of which is 1m,including building, cropland, wide river( Changjiang river), lake, reservoir and cropland. The results of extraction based on directional variance with radius of 10 pixels is displayed in Figure2.(b), and clearly, water has been detected completely, whereas parts of building and cropland are included as noise objects in the result. Water extraction using directional variance with radius of 100 pixels is displayed in Figure2.(c)with correctness over 95%, however, small lakes are missed and the position of bank is not as accurate as Figure2.(b). Finally, in Figure2.(d), the result of Figure2.(b) is fused by grain table analysis, so that the correctness and completeness of extraction are both over 90%.5. ConclusionsBased on textural analysis of water in high-resolution panchromatic imagery, a multi-texture-model is presented for water extraction.The experimental results proved that the approach is efficient for inland water (including wide river, lake and reservoir) extraction. As the complexity and diversity of water, the rate of recognition of our algorithm fluctuates. Furthermore, the method is supervised which needs a lot of human interference to obtain training samples. Therefore, there are problems to be solved in future:1) Our further work should be extensible to multispectral remote sensing images.2) To decrease human interference, old vector will be applied to obtain training samples instead. 6. AcknowledgmentsThe work was supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China under grant No.2006BAB10B01.根据遥感图象的多纹理模型相关的水抽取Hua WANG, Li PAN, Hong ZHENGSchool of Remote Sensing and Information & Engineering, Wuhan University 129 Luoyu Road,Wuhan 430079,P.R.ChinaSchool of Electronic Information, Wuhan University 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079,P.R.China文摘：在本文中，提议了一个多纹理模型为根据遥感成像的水提取。
科技文献英语
Sophie-EST
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1.5 Syntactic/grammatical Features
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1.5.1 More Use of Longer and Statement-type Sentences
1.5 Syntactic/Grammatical Features 语法特征
1.6 Semantic Features语篇特征
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1.4 Lexical Features
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highly technical words precise, narrow meanings unique to the discipline semi-technical words
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1.5 Syntactic/grammatical Features
1.5.3 The frequent use of prepositional phrases and participle phrases
e.g. Non-finite structure
strength within reasonable limits. 2. It is necessary to use a more reliable method of
inspection in the form of a suitable test. the frequent use of passive voice
1.2.2 General Features the impersonal formal style and a very high concentration of technical terms • interpreting a phenomenon “out there” • impersonal, objective statements • being accurate and concise • to avoid misunderstanding
英语科普阅读材料双语——科技4篇
英语科普阅读材料双语——科技4篇英语科普阅读材料双语——科技4篇（一）我们如何在28小时内到达火星？ (1)（二）饮水鸟蕴含的工程学原理 (9)（三）人们是否应该接受人造肉 (29)（四）为什么当代手机电池还是这么不经用 (40)（一）我们如何在28小时内到达火星？How Could We Get To Mars In Only 28 Hours?Everyone always wants to get to Mars.每个人都总是渴望去火星Unfortunately, the journey would be a long one,不幸的是依靠我们目前的技术taking hundreds of days of travel with our current technology.这趟旅途将会十分漫长长达几百天Well, what if we could shorten that time to only a matter of days试想如果我们不使用宇宙飞船by throwing away our spaceships而是用一些在太空中急速穿梭的东西and using something that’s already zooming acr oss space?这趟旅程可以缩短到几天？I’m talking about comets.我说的是彗星Comets are big ol’ cosmic snowballs,彗星是一个由冻结气体岩石和尘埃made from frozen gases, rock, and dust组成的巨大雪球that end up orbiting the Sun after the other planets当其他行星试图把彗星扔向地球tried throwing them at Earth and missed.但没成功时它们便围绕地球飞行Well, that last part probably isn’t true.当然最后那部分可能是假的Everyone knows that the planets only have water gun battles.我们都知道行星上只有水枪之战Not to mention, comets can actually be pretty big.更不必说彗星实际上可能非常大Frozen, you could probably liken them to about the size of a small town.这些雪球你可以把它们比做一个小镇那么大However, when these things get close to the Sun in their orbit, 然而它们在自己的轨道环形并接近太阳时they can begin to heat up.会逐渐变热Then they start spewing dust and gases,接着喷涌出尘埃和气体forming a giant glowing head.形成一个巨大的发光脑袋Huh. I thought only I had that problem.哈我认为只有我有这个顾虑Luckily enough, if we want to use one of these things for stellar travel,幸运的是如果我们想用其中一个彗星进行星际旅行we have quite a few to choose from!我们的选择有很多！According to NASA,根据美国航天局there are around 3,600 comets that we currently know of.我们目前已知的彗星约有3600颗Beyond that, it’s believed that there are billions of other comets out there此外据说在遥远的柯伊伯带还有数十亿颗彗星orbiting our Sun in the Kuiper Belt and even more distant Oort Cloud. 甚至是更远的奥尔特云围绕着太阳运行的What makes comets great for getting around in space彗星能够穿梭星际is that they can go SUPER fast.是因为其速度极快Yeah, this baby can fly!是的这小东西会飞！How fast they’re t ravelling depends on a bunch of different factors,它们的速度取决于多种不同因素but they can travel anywhere from a few thousand kilometers per hour,但在一定条件下它们的速度可以从时速几千公里to over 160,000 kilometers per hour under certain conditions.达到每小时超16万公里在任何地方飞行In fact, in 2016, scientists at NASA recorded2016年美国航天局的科学家们记录了a comet traveling at nearly 600 kilometers per second as it dove toward the Sun.一颗秒速六百公里驶向太阳的彗星That’s over 2 /million/ kilometers per hour!那超过了两百万公里每小时！To put that in perspective,就此展望if we could travel at 2 million kilometers per hour,如果我们能以每小时两百万公里的速度飞行then wecould get to Mars from Earth in around 28 hours,我们可以在一天多的时间里just little more than a single day,约28小时就可以完成火星之旅assuming the two planets were close together in their orbits. 假设轨道上有两颗行星距离很近Lining up the planets is the least of our worries though.我们可以在可控范围内排列行星While comets can go super fast,彗星的速度超快getting to them would be a big problem.登上彗星仍会是一大问题That’s because, not even considering how hard it would be to actually commandeer one,因为我们甚至没有考虑控制一个彗星有多难comets just don’t typically get that close to Earth.彗星一般离地球很远Hale-Bopp, a comet that made the news about two decades ago, 大概二十年前新闻上报道了海尔-波普彗星came closer to Earth than most comets do,它比大多彗星更靠近地球and it was still about 200 million kilometers away.但还是有约两百万公里的距离We might as well just go straight to Mars at that point!照那样我们还不如直接去火星吧！Even if a comet did come by Earth,即使彗星确实经过地球we assume that its trajectory is towards Mars,我们也断定它的轨道是朝着火星的and we ignore that it would likely be in its more gassy, less-solid state,并且我们忽略了它可能更多的是气体而非固态物质you’d still have to keep yourself alive on the comet.你还要在彗星上生存下去I guess if it’s only a day or so then food and water would be less of an issue我猜如果只是一天左右那食物和水就不是问题了since the aliens would definitely feed you once we got there, 因为一旦我们到了那里外星人肯定会伺候我们的but you’d still have to worry about oxygen and protecting your self from space.但你仍要担心氧气并且保护自己远离太空You would need about 0.84 kilograms of oxygen a day,你每天约需0.84公斤的氧气so you better grab a spacesuit and take a big breath before jumping on the comet.所以跳上彗星前你最好穿上宇航服深吸一口气So yeah, using comets as a means of space travel is probably not that viable in the end.所以利用彗星进行太空旅行或许并不可行Sometimes I like doing these thought experiments, you know, 有时我喜欢做这些思维实验and t hen realizing that they can’t work.然后意识到不可能实现But it’s still interesting!仍然它仍很有趣！That’s how we learn people!这也是咱认识人类的方法！So do you have any questions about space that you want me to answer.你有关于太空的疑问想要我解答？Any planets that we should cover next?接下来我们要讲哪些行星？Let me know right now in the comment section below!请立刻在下方评论区告诉我吧！Curious to know what would happen if you were trapped on the international space station?我很好奇如果你被困在国际空间站会发生什么？We teamed up with our friend William Osman to answer that question.我们会与我们的朋友William Osman一起为你解答ISS actually gets its power from solar arrays made up of thousands of solar cells.国际空间站的能量来自上万个太阳能电池组成的阵列These arrays can efficiently covert solar energy into electrical power. 这些阵列可以有效地将太阳能转换成电能Typically producing more power than the station needs at one time. 通常在同一时间产生超出所需的电力（二）饮水鸟蕴含的工程学原理The Engineering of the Drinking BirdThis toy has fascinated me since childhood.我从小就对这个玩具着迷To me its motion is almost hypnotic.对我来说它的运动就像是催眠Here’s how it operates.它是这样运转的Wet the bird beak thoroughly with room temperature water.将鸟喙完全浸透在室温的水中The opaque container makes it looked chilled,不透明容器使它看起来冷淬了but it isn’t…其实并没有Then stand it upright…然后让它直立It will take a few seconds for it to start drinking…它要等几秒钟后才开始喝水Notice that all of the action right now takes place in the stem here 注意现在所有的运动都发生在躯干这里As l speed up the action当我快进这个过程you see liquid rising and the bird rocking back and forth.可以看见液面上升饮水鸟开始前后摇摆If I return to normal speed,如果调回常速播放you can see the bird slowly …可以看到饮水鸟慢慢地very, very slowly ….非常非常慢地Rock forward…向前摆动Until it takes a drink,直到它喝到了水which it will do again and again.然后一遍又一遍地重复此过程In this video I’ll detail the bird’s clever engineering design,在本视频中我将详述这只鸟精妙的工程设计explain how it uses thermodynamics,阐明它是如何运用热力学知识and link its action to some of the greatest将其运动与一些工程师创造的and most impactful devices created by engineers.伟大且影响深远的装置联系起来的This toy has long history,这个玩历史悠久but its current incarnation is due to Miles V. Sullivan—它的当前形态是由贝尔实验室一名科学家a scientist at Bell Labs.Miles V. Sullivan创造的He specialized in methods of manufacturing semiconductors, 他专精于研究制造半导体的方法but as a sideline invented toys.发明玩具是他的副业Its reported that this bird delighted U.S. President Herbert Hoover,据说这只饮水鸟深得美国总统赫伯特·胡佛喜爱an engineer who failed to figure out how it worked,作为一名工程师他没搞懂它的工作原理and it also defeated the great scientist Albert Einstein,而且它还难倒了伟大的科学家艾尔伯特·爱因斯坦who spent three and half months studying it.爱因斯坦花了三个半月来研究它It’s reported that he refused to take t he bird apart.据报道他拒绝把这只鸟拆开With the benefit of hindsight,有了后见之明let’s start by exploring how it works让我们从探索它的工作原理and examining the key engineering design aspects.以及检查关键的工程设计方面开始First, let’s ask is the water ornamental or essential?首先要问的是水是装饰品还是必需品？At first the bird acts just as if the water were still there.最初饮水鸟的行为好像水还在那里一样Now let’s speed up the bird’s motion我们快进饮水鸟的动作you see at 15 minutes it is still drinking.可以看见过了15分钟它仍在喝水At 30 still drinking.30分钟还在喝水45 minutes still drinking.45分钟依然还在喝水60 minutes still drinking.60分钟还在喝水75 minutes still drinking.75分钟仍然还在喝水And five or ten minutes later,又过了5到10分钟后at eighty or eight-five minutes it takes its last drink.约在80到85分钟它喝了最后一次水The liquid still rises a bit,虽然液面上升了一点but it never rises enough to make the bird tip over,但它从没上升到足够使鸟翻倒的高度which shows that the motion is not perpetual说明这个运动不是永恒的—as long as there is water, the bird keeps drinking.只要有水鸟就一直喝水Let’s look inside the bird来看看饮水鸟的内部to get an idea of how it works.了解它的工作原理Underneath the bird’s hat, beak and fabric covering lies aglass bulb 在鸟帽鸟嘴和织物覆盖物下面有一个玻璃泡smaller than the bulb at the base, and also rounder.它比底部的玻璃泡小也更圆Now, watch as I put a few drops of isopropyl alcohol on the bulb to cool it.现在我滴几滴异丙醇在玻璃泡上使它降温The liquid rapidly rises to the head,里面的液体快速上升到头部this changes the bird’s center of gravity这改变了饮水鸟的重心so that it will tilt forward.使它向前倾斜The head now fills with liquid and then …现在头部充满了液体接下来……there…你看…it …drinks.它喝水了It becomes upright and the liquid drains from the head.它直立后液体从头部排出Liquid rises again to the head and…液体再一次上升到头部……the bird drinks again.饮水鸟再一次喝水This cycle repeats until all of the isopropyl alcohol on the bird ’s head evaporates.这个过程循环往复直到鸟头上的异丙醇都蒸发掉Why does the liquid rise?为什么液面会上升呢？The place to begin is with the bird’s manufacture.我们从饮水鸟的制造说起The bird is filled through this “tap ”—a small pipe built into the head —通过装在头部里的小管子即龙头with methylene chloride dyed red, which is then frozen,向鸟内装入冷冻的染成红色的二氯甲烷a vacuum applied to evacuate the air,抽走空气形成真空the tap sealed ( and of course, later hidden by the bird’s hat )…把龙头密封(当然后来被鸟帽盖住了)And then the methylene chloride melts:之后二氯甲烷融化It turns to liquid and then some of it evaporates（turns into vapor）.转变为液态其中部分二氯甲烷蒸发(变成蒸汽)The ke y to the bird’s operation is饮水鸟运转的关键就在于that the vapor in the head and in the base are separated by the liquid in the base.头部和底部的气体被底部的液体所隔离It’s hard to see,这很难看清楚but the tube extends into the base, nearly reaching the bottom.不过管子延伸到底部几乎接触到底面This separates the vapor in base and the vapor in the tube 使得底部和管中的气体隔离……and …of course, the head.当然还有头部的气体So, at rest the pressure in these two spaces are equal,在静止状态这两个空间的压强相等but when the bird’s beak is wet,但当鸟喙湿润时the temperature falls鸟喙温度下降and as I’ll explain in a moment the pressure in the head drops头部的压强下降这个我稍后会解释below that in the base and the liquid rises.降到低于底部的压强然后液面上升Of course this liquid in the head causes the bird to…tilt forward, to drink …自然头部的液体导致饮水鸟向前倾斜喝水and when it drinks,当它喝水时the vapor in the head and the base are connected,头部和底部的蒸汽连通the pressures is nearly equalize两端压强几乎相等—a slug of vapor rises to the top and some liquid drains from the head一股蒸汽上升到头部迫使部分液体流出and then the cycle repeats.然后循环重复To see the pressure equalize为了看到压强平衡过程l will slow down the bird as I tilt it forward.我会慢一点倾斜饮水鸟Right now the head is half full.现在头部已经半满了When I tilt it you see a slug of vapor go from bottom to top.当它倾斜时可以看见一股蒸汽从底部升到顶部I’ve tilted it far enough forward我把它倾斜得够多that the liquid in the head is below the top of the tube以至于头部的液面低于管子的顶端and the liquid in the base is below the section of the tube that almost reaches the bottom of the bird.同时底部液面也低于几乎触底的管子底端This allows the pressure to equalize,这样头部和底部的压强相等and as the bird becomes upright而当饮水鸟站起来时the liquid returns to the base before the cycle starts again.液体会在下一次循环开始之前返回到底部In operation it doesn’t tilt quite this far forward实际运转时它不会向前倾斜这么多and so the pressures don’t fully equalize.因此压强不会完全平衡Why, though, does the pressure in the head drop as the temperature falls?那么头部压强为何会随着温度下降而下降呢？You can see the answer if I shoot cool, compressed gas across the bird’s head.你看我向头部射低温压缩气体就知道答案了As the cool gas strikes,遇到低温气体时you see liquid condensing inside the head;头部内壁出现了冷凝的液体and, as you see on the left,正如你在左图看到的this causes the liquid in the base to rise.这导致底部的液面上升The cool gas withdraws energy as heat from the head,低温气体带走头部的热量causing some of the methylene chloride vapor inside to condense –to turn into a liquid.导致头部部分二氯甲烷气体冷凝成液体This decreases dramatically the amount of vapor in the head.这大大减少了头部的气体体积Liquid is 1,000 times more dense than vapor.液体的密度是气体的1000倍This in turn lowers the pressure in the head and causes the liquid to rise.结果降低了头部的压强使液面上升I used compressed gas to cool the head我用压缩气体给头部降温because I can control the amount of cooling;因为我可以控制降温的程度the bird, though, cools its head by “drinking.”然而饮水鸟通过喝水来降温The head is wrapped in fabric that absorbs water.其头部包裹在吸水的织物中。
英文文献科技类原文及翻译（电子电气自动化通信…）50
目录1译文 (1)2原文 (7)1参考文献译文绿色创想建筑商计划提供了节能解决方案与行业认可的新住房平均相比，绿色畅想建筑商计划旨在降低家用能源和水的想好，减少排放。
该项目创新性地结合了建筑科学和高品质的产品，在帮助建筑商和开发商建造舒适型住房的同时，降低房屋对环境的影响。
随着生活费用的不断上涨，悦来愈多的人开始考虑将环保技术纳入新住房当中。
与行业认可的新住房陪你冠军水瓶相比，依照GE绿色创想建筑商计划所建造的房屋每年客减少20%的能耗与室内用水量，并且使生活用气排放量减少20%。
对于一套面积为2500平方英尺的住房而言，该计划每年可使购房者减少600至1500美元的电费和水费。
自该计划于2007年5月启动以来，整个美国与加拿大的建筑商与开发商纷纷申请建造绿色创想式房屋，其中包括德州西斯顿峡谷们的社区开发商。
按照绿色畅想计划正在开发的首个峡谷么社区被称为Discovery Companies，预计将于2008年夏季开盘。
加拿大的Fi的零售税环保想象住房计划推出在2007年9月，GE加拿大与波尔多发展组织签订计划，决定在位于加拿大阿尔伯他省卡尔加里西部的社区Rocky View实施加拿大首个绿色创想建筑商计划。
这块地区60多年来，一直有当地的一个牧民家庭所有，长期以来除了放养家畜之外始终难以用于其他用途。
迫于地区发展的强大压力，这个家庭决定对这块土地进行开发。
当这家人了解到如何最邮箱的进行地产开发之后，开始认真考虑如何处理这篇土地。
其中，家庭价值、对环境的保护意识以及社区精神都称为了需要考虑的关键问题。
实施证明，将GE的绿色创想建筑商计划与波尔多发展组织的环境可持续发展战略相结合是非常成功的。
规划中的面积为1750英亩的混用型绿色创想建筑商和谐开发项目见那个进行客持续开发，其中包括关于有效实用土地的创新性环保计划。
竣工使，此开放项目将建筑起3500所住房和衣架保健中心、一个27洞国际高尔夫球场、一所学校和一篇商业用地。
阅读科技文献英文作文
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文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!Technology is changing the way we live and work. From smartphones to smart homes, the impact of technology is undeniable. It has made our lives more convenient and efficient, but it has also brought about new challenges and concerns.In the field of medicine, technology has revolutionized the way we diagnose and treat diseases. With the development of advanced imaging techniques and robotic surgery, doctors are able to provide better care to their patients. However, there are also concerns about theethical implications of using technology to prolong life and the potential for misuse of personal health data.In the business world, technology has transformed the way we communicate and collaborate. With the rise of remote work and virtual meetings, companies are able to operate on a global scale more easily. At the same time, there are concerns about the impact of technology on job security andthe potential for automation to replace human workers.In the realm of education, technology has opened up new opportunities for learning and skill development. Online courses and educational apps have made it possible for people to access knowledge from anywhere in the world. However, there are also concerns about the digital divide and the unequal access to educational resources.In conclusion, technology has had a profound impact on every aspect of our lives. While it has brought about many benefits, it has also raised new challenges and concerns. As we continue to embrace new technologies, it is important to consider the ethical and social implications of their use.。
英语科普阅读材料双语——科技4篇
英语科普阅读材料双语——科技4篇（一）我们如何在28小时内到达火星？ (1)（二）饮水鸟蕴含的工程学原理 (9)（三）人们是否应该接受人造肉 (29)（四）为什么当代手机电池还是这么不经用 (40)（一）我们如何在28小时内到达火星？How Could We Get To Mars In Only 28 Hours?Everyone always wants to get to Mars.每个人都总是渴望去火星Unfortunately, the journey would be a long one,不幸的是依靠我们目前的技术taking hundreds of days of travel with our current technology.这趟旅途将会十分漫长长达几百天Well, what if we could shorten that time to only a matter of days试想如果我们不使用宇宙飞船by throwing away our spaceships而是用一些在太空中急速穿梭的东西and using something that’s already zooming acr oss space?这趟旅程可以缩短到几天？I’m talking about comets.我说的是彗星Comets are big ol’ cosmic snowballs,彗星是一个由冻结气体岩石和尘埃made from frozen gases, rock, and dust组成的巨大雪球that end up orbiting the Sun after the other planets当其他行星试图把彗星扔向地球tried throwing them at Earth and missed.但没成功时它们便围绕地球飞行Well, that last part probably isn’t true.当然最后那部分可能是假的Everyone knows that the planets only have water gun battles.我们都知道行星上只有水枪之战Not to mention, comets can actually be pretty big.更不必说彗星实际上可能非常大Frozen, you could probably liken them to about the size of a small town.这些雪球你可以把它们比做一个小镇那么大However, when these things get close to the Sun in their orbit,然而它们在自己的轨道环形并接近太阳时they can begin to heat up.会逐渐变热Then they start spewing dust and gases,接着喷涌出尘埃和气体forming a giant glowing head.形成一个巨大的发光脑袋Huh. I thought only I had that problem.哈我认为只有我有这个顾虑Luckily enough, if we want to use one of these things for stellar travel,幸运的是如果我们想用其中一个彗星进行星际旅行we have quite a few to choose from!我们的选择有很多！According to NASA,根据美国航天局there are around 3,600 comets that we currently know of.我们目前已知的彗星约有3600颗Beyond that, it’s believed that there are billions of other comets out there此外据说在遥远的柯伊伯带还有数十亿颗彗星orbiting our Sun in the Kuiper Belt and even more distant Oort Cloud. 甚至是更远的奥尔特云围绕着太阳运行的What makes comets great for getting around in space彗星能够穿梭星际is that they can go SUPER fast.是因为其速度极快Yeah, this baby can fly!是的这小东西会飞！How fast they’re travelling depends on a bunch of different factors,它们的速度取决于多种不同因素but they can travel anywhere from a few thousand kilometers per hour,但在一定条件下它们的速度可以从时速几千公里to over 160,000 kilometers per hour under certain conditions.达到每小时超16万公里在任何地方飞行In fact, in 2016, scientists at NASA recorded2016年美国航天局的科学家们记录了a comet traveling at nearly 600 kilometers per second as it dove toward the Sun.一颗秒速六百公里驶向太阳的彗星That’s over 2 /million/ kilometers per hour!那超过了两百万公里每小时！To put that in perspective,就此展望if we could travel at 2 million kilometers per hour,如果我们能以每小时两百万公里的速度飞行then wecould get to Mars from Earth in around 28 hours,我们可以在一天多的时间里just little more than a single day,约28小时就可以完成火星之旅assuming the two planets were close together in their orbits. 假设轨道上有两颗行星距离很近Lining up the planets is the least of our worries though.我们可以在可控范围内排列行星While comets can go super fast,彗星的速度超快getting to them would be a big problem.登上彗星仍会是一大问题That’s because, not even considering how hard it would be to actually commandeer one,因为我们甚至没有考虑控制一个彗星有多难comets just don’t typically get that close to Earth.彗星一般离地球很远Hale-Bopp, a comet that made the news about two decades ago, 大概二十年前新闻上报道了海尔-波普彗星came closer to Earth than most comets do,它比大多彗星更靠近地球and it was still about 200 million kilometers away.但还是有约两百万公里的距离We might as well just go straight to Mars at that point!照那样我们还不如直接去火星吧！Even if a comet did come by Earth,即使彗星确实经过地球we assume that its trajectory is towards Mars,我们也断定它的轨道是朝着火星的and we ignore that it would likely be in its more gassy, less-solid state,并且我们忽略了它可能更多的是气体而非固态物质you’d still have to keep yourself alive on the comet.你还要在彗星上生存下去I guess if it’s only a day or so then food and water would be less of an issue我猜如果只是一天左右那食物和水就不是问题了since the aliens would definitely feed you once we got there,因为一旦我们到了那里外星人肯定会伺候我们的but you’d still have to worry about oxygen and protecting your self from space.但你仍要担心氧气并且保护自己远离太空You would need about 0.84 kilograms of oxygen a day,你每天约需0.84公斤的氧气so you better grab a spacesuit and take a big breath before jumping on the comet.所以跳上彗星前你最好穿上宇航服深吸一口气So yeah, using comets as a means of space travel is probably not that viable in the end.所以利用彗星进行太空旅行或许并不可行Sometimes I like doing these thought experiments, you know,有时我喜欢做这些思维实验and then realizing that they can’t work.然后意识到不可能实现But it’s still interesting!仍然它仍很有趣！That’s how we learn people!这也是咱认识人类的方法！So do you have any questions about space that you want me to answer.你有关于太空的疑问想要我解答？Any planets that we should cover next?接下来我们要讲哪些行星？Let me know right now in the comment section below!请立刻在下方评论区告诉我吧！Curious to know what would happen if you were trapped on the international space station?我很好奇如果你被困在国际空间站会发生什么？We teamed up with our friend William Osman to answer that question.我们会与我们的朋友William Osman一起为你解答ISS actually gets its power from solar arrays made up of thousands of solar cells.国际空间站的能量来自上万个太阳能电池组成的阵列These arrays can efficiently covert solar energy into electrical power. 这些阵列可以有效地将太阳能转换成电能Typically producing more power than the station needs at one time. 通常在同一时间产生超出所需的电力（二）饮水鸟蕴含的工程学原理The Engineering of the Drinking BirdThis toy has fascinated me since childhood.我从小就对这个玩具着迷To me its motion is almost hypnotic.对我来说它的运动就像是催眠Here’s how it operates.它是这样运转的Wet the bird beak thoroughly with room temperature water.将鸟喙完全浸透在室温的水中The opaque container makes it looked chilled,不透明容器使它看起来冷淬了but it isn’t…其实并没有Then stand it upright…然后让它直立It will take a few seconds for it to start drinking…它要等几秒钟后才开始喝水Notice that all of the action right now takes place in the stem here 注意现在所有的运动都发生在躯干这里As l speed up the action当我快进这个过程you see liquid rising and the bird rocking back and forth.可以看见液面上升饮水鸟开始前后摇摆If I return to normal speed,如果调回常速播放you can see the bird slowly …可以看到饮水鸟慢慢地very, very slowly ….非常非常慢地Rock forward…向前摆动Until it takes a drink,直到它喝到了水which it will do again and again.然后一遍又一遍地重复此过程In this video I’ll detail the bird’s clever engineering design,在本视频中我将详述这只鸟精妙的工程设计explain how it uses thermodynamics,阐明它是如何运用热力学知识and link its action to some of the greatest将其运动与一些工程师创造的and most impactful devices created by engineers.伟大且影响深远的装置联系起来的This toy has long history,这个玩历史悠久but its current incarnation is due to Miles V. Sullivan—它的当前形态是由贝尔实验室一名科学家a scientist at Bell Labs.Miles V. Sullivan创造的He specialized in methods of manufacturing semiconductors,他专精于研究制造半导体的方法but as a sideline invented toys.发明玩具是他的副业Its reported that this bird delighted U.S. President Herbert Hoover,据说这只饮水鸟深得美国总统赫伯特·胡佛喜爱an engineer who failed to figure out how it worked,作为一名工程师他没搞懂它的工作原理and it also defeated the great scientist Albert Einstein,而且它还难倒了伟大的科学家艾尔伯特·爱因斯坦who spent three and half months studying it.爱因斯坦花了三个半月来研究它It’s reported that he refused to take the bird apart.据报道他拒绝把这只鸟拆开With the benefit of hindsight,有了后见之明let’s start by exploring how it works让我们从探索它的工作原理and examining the key engineering design aspects.以及检查关键的工程设计方面开始First, let’s ask is the water ornamental or essential?首先要问的是水是装饰品还是必需品？At first the bird acts just as if the water were still there.最初饮水鸟的行为好像水还在那里一样Now let’s speed up the bird’s motion我们快进饮水鸟的动作you see at 15 minutes it is still drinking.可以看见过了15分钟它仍在喝水At 30 still drinking.30分钟还在喝水45 minutes still drinking.45分钟依然还在喝水60 minutes still drinking.60分钟还在喝水75 minutes still drinking.75分钟仍然还在喝水And five or ten minutes later,又过了5到10分钟后at eighty or eight-five minutes it takes its last drink.约在80到85分钟它喝了最后一次水The liquid still rises a bit,虽然液面上升了一点but it never rises enough to make the bird tip over,但它从没上升到足够使鸟翻倒的高度which shows that the motion is not perpetual说明这个运动不是永恒的—as long as there is water, the bird keeps drinking.只要有水鸟就一直喝水Let’s look inside the bird来看看饮水鸟的内部to get an idea of how it works.了解它的工作原理Underneath the bird’s hat, beak and fabric covering lies a glass bulb 在鸟帽鸟嘴和织物覆盖物下面有一个玻璃泡smaller than the bulb at the base, and also rounder.它比底部的玻璃泡小也更圆Now, watch as I put a few drops of isopropyl alcohol on the bulb to cool it.现在我滴几滴异丙醇在玻璃泡上使它降温The liquid rapidly rises to the head,里面的液体快速上升到头部this changes the bird’s center of gravity这改变了饮水鸟的重心so that it will tilt forward.使它向前倾斜The head now fills with liquid and then …现在头部充满了液体接下来……there…你看…it …drinks.它喝水了It becomes upright and the liquid drains from the head.它直立后液体从头部排出Liquid rises again to the head and…液体再一次上升到头部……the bird drinks again.饮水鸟再一次喝水This cycle repeats until all of the isopropyl alcohol on the bird ’s head evaporates.这个过程循环往复直到鸟头上的异丙醇都蒸发掉Why does the liquid rise?为什么液面会上升呢？The place to begin is with the bird’s manufacture.我们从饮水鸟的制造说起The bird is filled through this “tap ”—a small pipe built into the head —通过装在头部里的小管子即龙头with methylene chloride dyed red, which is then frozen,向鸟内装入冷冻的染成红色的二氯甲烷a vacuum applied to evacuate the air,抽走空气形成真空the tap sealed ( and of course, later hidden by the bird’s hat )…把龙头密封(当然后来被鸟帽盖住了)And then the methylene chloride melts:之后二氯甲烷融化It turns to liquid and then some of it evaporates（turns into vapor）.转变为液态其中部分二氯甲烷蒸发(变成蒸汽)The key to the bird’s operation is饮水鸟运转的关键就在于that the vapor in the head and in the base are separated by the liquid in the base.头部和底部的气体被底部的液体所隔离It’s hard to see,这很难看清楚but the tube extends into the base, nearly reaching the bottom.不过管子延伸到底部几乎接触到底面This separates the vapor in base and the vapor in the tube使得底部和管中的气体隔离……and …of course, the head.当然还有头部的气体So, at rest the pressure in these two spaces are equal,在静止状态这两个空间的压强相等but when the bird’s beak is wet,但当鸟喙湿润时the temperature falls鸟喙温度下降and as I’ll explain in a moment the pressure in the head drops头部的压强下降这个我稍后会解释below that in the base and the liquid rises.降到低于底部的压强然后液面上升Of course this liquid in the head causes the bird to…tilt forward, to drink …自然头部的液体导致饮水鸟向前倾斜喝水and when it drinks,当它喝水时the vapor in the head and the base are connected,头部和底部的蒸汽连通the pressures is nearly equalize两端压强几乎相等—a slug of vapor rises to the top and some liquid drains from the head一股蒸汽上升到头部迫使部分液体流出and then the cycle repeats.然后循环重复To see the pressure equalize为了看到压强平衡过程l will slow down the bird as I tilt it forward.我会慢一点倾斜饮水鸟Right now the head is half full.现在头部已经半满了When I tilt it you see a slug of vapor go from bottom to top.当它倾斜时可以看见一股蒸汽从底部升到顶部I’ve tilted it far enough forward我把它倾斜得够多that the liquid in the head is below the top of the tube以至于头部的液面低于管子的顶端and the liquid in the base is below the section of the tube that almost reaches the bottom of the bird.同时底部液面也低于几乎触底的管子底端This allows the pressure to equalize,这样头部和底部的压强相等and as the bird becomes upright而当饮水鸟站起来时the liquid returns to the base before the cycle starts again.液体会在下一次循环开始之前返回到底部In operation it doesn’t tilt quite this far forward实际运转时它不会向前倾斜这么多and so the pressures don’t fully equalize.因此压强不会完全平衡Why, though, does the pressure in the head drop as the temperature falls?那么头部压强为何会随着温度下降而下降呢？You can see the answer if I shoot cool, compressed gas across the bird’s head.你看我向头部射低温压缩气体就知道答案了As the cool gas strikes,遇到低温气体时you see liquid condensing inside the head;头部内壁出现了冷凝的液体and, as you see on the left,正如你在左图看到的this causes the liquid in the base to rise.这导致底部的液面上升The cool gas withdraws energy as heat from the head,低温气体带走头部的热量causing some of the methylene chloride vapor inside to condense –to turn into a liquid.导致头部部分二氯甲烷气体冷凝成液体This decreases dramatically the amount of vapor in the head.这大大减少了头部的气体体积Liquid is 1,000 times more dense than vapor.液体的密度是气体的1000倍This in turn lowers the pressure in the head and causes the liquid to rise.结果降低了头部的压强使液面上升I used compressed gas to cool the head我用压缩气体给头部降温because I can control the amount of cooling;因为我可以控制降温的程度the bird, though, cools its head by “drinking.”然而饮水鸟通过喝水来降温The head is wrapped in fabric that absorbs water.其头部包裹在吸水的织物中As I put drops on its beak当我把水滴在鸟喙上you can see the water beads up at first…一开始你可以看到水珠……and then saturates the fabric and spreads rapidly across the bird’s face.然后水珠浸透织物并迅速扩散到鸟的整个面部On the right side you can see it creeping to back of the head.从右边看可以看到水渍浸到了后脑勺If I now turn the bird around,如果我现在把鸟转过来you can see that the water has spread to the back.可以看到水已经蔓延到后面As I continue adding drops on the beak如果我继续往鸟喙上滴水the saturated area on the back increases.头背处渗水区域扩大When this water evaporates into the air, it removes energy from the bulb as heat当水蒸发到空气中带走了头部的热量you feel this effect every time you step out of the shower,每次你洗完澡都会有这种感受the evaporating water withdraws energy as heat and chills you.蒸发的水带走热量让你感到冷飕飕的This evaporation, this withdrawal of heat, lowers the temperature 蒸发吸热降低了头部的温度and begins the condensation of the vapor, which starts the cycle 蒸汽冷凝启动循环as I showed you with the cool, compressed gas.就像我之前用低温压缩气体做的演示一样As long as the head is wet and heat is withdrawn from it,只要头部保持潮湿而且有热量带走the bird will always “drink, ”饮水鸟将一直“喝水”but if you were to operate the bird in humid air,但如果你把饮水鸟放在潮湿的环境it would slow down, because little water would evaporate,它就会减速喝水因为很少有水分蒸发and if the air were at 100 % humidity the bird would stop如果空气湿度是100% 饮水鸟将停止喝水because no water would evaporate at all.因为根本没有水蒸发Now, to make this dramatic condensation happen现在为了达到明显的冷凝效果when the temperature is lowered just slightly当温度只稍微降低时the evaporating water lowers the temperature by only about three-tenths of a degree水的蒸发只降低了0.3 度the bird’s designer choose a highly volatile liquid.饮水鸟的设计者选择了一种极易挥发的液体This means one whose boiling point is near ambient temperature这就需要这种液体的沸点接近室温because for small changes in temperature因为即使温度轻微变化there is a large change from vapor to liquid从气态至液态的变化也是巨大的and so the variation of pressure is large.从而引起压强的巨大变化Watch what happens as I “heat ”the base of the bird with my hand.观察我用手加热饮水鸟的底部时会怎么样You see the liquid level in the base dropping,可以看到底部的液面在下降that’s because energy from my hand is converting some of the liquid into vapor,这是由于手的热量使部分液体转化成气体which increases the pressure in this region…增大了这个区域的压强and that causes the liquid to rise to the head.从而使液体上升到头部Eventually I heat the vapor so much that it shoots up the stem.最终我把蒸汽加热到从管子中冒出来Now watch as I place my hand around the head.现在看我把手放在头部Heat from my hand converts liquid to vapor,手上的热量将液体转化为蒸汽which increases the pressure从而增大了压强and forces the liquid back to the base.并迫使液体回到底部To test this explanation of the bird’s operation,为了验证这个饮水鸟运转的解释let’s activate the bird in different ways.让我们用不同方式来触发饮水鸟As I noted it is the temperature difference between its top and bottom我说过是它顶部和底部的温差that drives liquid to rise to the head.驱使液体上升至头部So, let’s see what happens if I point a light at the base of the bird,那么我们看看对底部进行光照会怎么样which I’ve painted black我把饮水鸟的底部涂成了黑色so it will absorb the energy from the light better.这样它能更好地吸收光能As I heat the base of the bird,当我给饮水鸟底部加热时the liquid rises, as before but …液体像之前一样上升但是……五倍速播放the bird tips backwards.饮水鸟向后倾斜The wet nose tilted the center of gravity……湿润的鼻子倾斜了饮水鸟的重心……and so I added some modelling clay to the nose于是我在鸟鼻子上加了些粘土to get the bird to tilt forward.好让鸟向前倾斜And now when I turn on the light the liquid rises,现在当我打开灯光液体上升the birds drinks as if there were liquid in front of it until…鸟儿就像面前有水一样喝水直到……I turn the light off我把灯关掉and the bird drinks for a little bit longer until eventually…这只鸟再坚持了一会儿直到最终……it comes to rest.它停了下来Next, let’s see what happens if we use this: Whiskey.接下来让我们看看用这个会怎么样：威士忌Again, thoroughly wet the bird’s beak with the liquid…再次用液体浸润鸟喙……stand it upright …让它直立……and then we see again the liquid rising in the bird …然后我们又看到饮水鸟体内的液面上升and then …it drinks.然后……它在喝水We can also now understand why the bird’s rate of drinking differs 我们现在也能理解在三种不同的刺激下among the three methods I used to “activate ”the bird:为什么饮水鸟的喝水频率不同了a heat lamp, whiskey and water.加热灯威士忌和水三种刺激Roughly, heat bird takes three drinks for every one of the water bird,大致上饮水鸟每喝一次水受热鸟喝三次the whiskey bird takes two for every drink of the water bird.而饮水鸟每喝一次饮酒鸟喝两次The reason the bird drinks whiskey faster than water is之所以饮酒鸟比饮水鸟快because the rate of evaporation of the alcohol is greater than that of water.是因为相对于水酒精更易挥发This means that heat is withdrawn faster from the head也就是说头部的热量散失更快and so more vapor condenses in a shorter amount of time,短时间内冷凝的蒸气更多which accelerates the pressure difference.从而加速扩大压差The heat lamp causes the greatest difference of all,加热灯导致的压差最大which highlights how an engineer thinks about this bird.这重点表明了工程师对饮水鸟的想法To an engineer this bird is a heat engine.对工程师来说饮水鸟是一个热机A heat engine turns heat differences into work —mechanical motion.热机将热能转化为功——机械运动To see that recall that when the bird is just about to drink回想一下当鸟正要喝水时that its head is at a lower temperature than its base,它的头部温度比底部的低which is at ambient temperature.底部温度就是环境温度Then when it “drinks ”, the pressure in the head and base start to equalize,当它“喝水”时头部和底部的压强开始平衡so liquid returns to the base,于是液体回到底部but the overall temperature of the bird但是现在饮水鸟的整体温度is now just a little below ambient temperature.只是稍低于环境温度When it return to upright, the base draws in energy as heat…当它恢复直立时底部吸热……the head then rejects some energy as heat头部放热and the bird drinks again.然后饮水鸟再次喝水These two flows define a heat engine:这种热传递定义了热机：a device, operating in a cycle一种循环运行的装置that absorbs heat from a high temperature reservoir,从高温热源处吸热converts part of it into work,将部分热能转化为功and rejects the remainder into a low temperature reservoir.向低温热源放热The fact that this is a heat engine饮水鸟就是热机这一事实means it’s related to the great machines that make our globalized world happen:表明它跟实现全球化的许多伟大机器有关among those the mighty steam turbine that generates electricity,其中有能发电的大型蒸汽轮机the giant diesel engine that propels container ships across the oceans,推动货轮穿越海洋的大型柴油机and the great gas turbine that flies us around the globe.还有让我们飞遍全球的燃气轮机（三）人们是否应该接受人造肉Lab-Grown Meat Is Coming to Your Supermarket. Ranchers Are Fighting Back.Would you eat a hamburger or a chicken nugget你会吃在实验室生长的肉made of meat grown in a laboratory?所制的汉堡或鸡块吗？Joshua Tetrick, co-founder and CEO of JUST is betting that you will. JUST的合伙人兼CEO Joshua Tetrick断言你会吃In tomorrow’s world, you can eat more meat,在将来你能在不吃动物的情况下hopefully safer meat, even better tasting meat, without eating the animal.吃到更多的肉很可能是更安全甚至更好吃的肉JUST which is based in San Francisco,JUST公司位于美国旧金山has been producing and selling2013年起就生产销售non animal versions of food like mayonnaise since 2013各种无动物食品and it’s raised more than 310 million dollars in venture capital.并筹集到超过3.1亿美元的风险投资基金Tetrick and his team have created products like JUST Mayo Tetrick及其团队通过寻找鸡蛋等常见动物产品的植物替代品by identifying plant based alternatives to common animal products like eggs.创造了像JUST Mayo这样的产品We’re one part pharma,我们公司有医药部one part bio-tech and a whole bunch of regular food company.有生物技术部总得来说是一个常规的食品公司We built a discovery system that我们创建的搜索系统has the only patent of the world拥有世界上唯一能够that utilizes machine learning for food ingredient discovery利用机器学习如何搜索食物组成的专利and it helped us find this mung bean该系统还帮我们找到了that when you put it in a pan scrambles一种放入平底锅时变得蓬松的绿豆and that process broken down means that这一过程的突破意味着we source from over 51 countries in the world,我们的原料来自超过世界上51个国家we look at about 21 different molecular properties,我们要研究大约21种不同分子的性能we look at how that bean functions,研究这种绿豆的作用does it bake a cake, does it gel in a pan看它能否用来烤蛋糕是否会粘在平底锅上and then we see if it makes ice cream or butter or scrambled eggs. 以及能否用来做冰淇淋黄油或炒鸡蛋Our process of finding these new tools is high tech,这些新工具的开发过程技术含量高but what we find is not high tech at all.但开发结果却简单的很The mung bean has been in the world’s food system for 4400 years.早在4400年前绿豆就已经被当做食物了I sure as hell didn’t invent the mung bean.我很肯定绿豆不是我发明的JUST is one of the handful of tech companies workingJUST只是众多致力于to disrupt the meat production industry.颠覆肉类供应行业的高科技公司之一While many of its competitors are pursuing better plant based meat substitutes,正当其他竞争者还在寻找更好的以植物为基础的肉类替代品时JUST is pushing ahead with so called clean meatJUST已经开始推进所谓的瘦肉or lab grown animal tissue that requires no farming,和无需农场养殖无需喂养牲畜且无需屠宰场no feeding of livestock and no slaughterhouses.的实验室生长的动物组织Only a single sample from a single animal duplicated endlessly.只需要动物身上的一个样本就可以无限克隆JUST and companies like it are poised toJUST和其他同类公司准备disrupt the entire livestock industry but颠覆整个畜牧业the established players are turning to the government to protect their turf.但是现有的畜牧公司正在向政府寻求庇护The United States Cattlemen’s Association, which declined to participate in this story,美国牧民协会拒绝受访submitted a petition still under consideration by the United States Department of并向美国农业部递交了请愿书目前正在受理中Agriculture asking that the words meat and beef exclude any products他们请求肉和牛肉这样的词汇不得用于that are ‘neither derived from animals, nor slaughtered in the traditional manner.’任何既不来自动物也不经传统方法宰杀的肉类产品The power of the terms is a lot more powerful than people think, 这些术语的影响力远比人们想象的要大especially in food尤其是在食品行业Imagine Tesla launches a pickup truck,想象一下如果特斯拉推出了一辆小货车but US Department of Transportation says然后美国交通部门说-Hold up, Tesla, y ou can’t call it a pickup truck.-等等特斯拉你不能把它称作小货车You have to call it electric mobility transport unit.你必须叫它“电动交通装置”That’s not winning in Alabama, even though it might be fast,这在阿拉巴马州行不通即使它可能很快even though it might have an amazing amount of horsepower,马力也超级大because a car is identity, but food’s identity even more.因为车有它的定义而食物的定义则更复杂JUST is also looking to transcend the vegan vs carnivore paradigm. JUST也在试图寻找一种超越纯素食主义者和肉食主义者的范式来界定We don’t allow the term vegan to be used in our company.我们公司不允许使用“纯素食主义者”这个词Not because we don’t believe in the spiri of it,并不是因为我们不相信素食主义精神that word ends up turning off 99% of people.而是这个词会令99%的人反感The food system needs to start over,食物体系需要革新了little girls in the second row of a class in Liberia aren’t ge tting proper nutrients,在利比里亚教室里第二排的女孩们营养不良a young boy growing up in Birmingham Alabama is阿拉巴马州伯明翰的一个男孩accelerating a path to Type 2 diabetes,患2型糖尿病的速度加快了animals are being confined in needless ways,动物们受到了一些不必要的限制it’s contributing to climate change,这加剧了气候变化and I think if we can think differently about the food system而且我觉得如果我们对食物系统换种思维while also realizing that we can’t be so new and so out there同时认识到我们不能太新奇太超前that it doesn’t relate to the everyday human being,以至和百姓的寻常生活脱节we can do a whole lot of good.我们就可以造福大家And that’s what I want to do.而这就是我想要做的This isn’t Tetrick’s first fight with entrenched food interests.。
科技英语阅读(李健版)
Unit 1 EnvironmentEarth’s Health in Sharp Decline, Massive Study Finds大规模研究发现：地球的“安康〞每况愈下The report card has arrived from the largest ever scientific Earth analysis, and many of the planet’s ecosystems are simply not making the grade.有史以来对地球进展的最大规模的科学分析结果说明，地球上的许多生态系统都达不到标准。
The UN-backed Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Synthesis Report found that nearly two-thirds of Earth’s life-supporting ecosystems, including clean water, pure air, and stable climate, are being degraded by unsustainable use.由联合国主持的《千年生态系统评估综合报告》指出，由于不可持续的使用，地球上将近三分之二的用来维持生命的生态系统〔包括干净的水源、纯洁的空气以与稳定的气候〕正遭受破坏。
Human has caused much of this damage during the past half century. Soaring demand for food, fresh water, timber, fiber and fuel have led to dramatic environmental changes, from deforestation to chemical pollution, the report says.The already grim situation may worsen dramatically during the first half of the 21st century, the report’s authors warn.以上大局部的破坏都是人类在过去的半个世纪里造成的。
英语科技文阅读
世界水资源的缺乏World Water ShortageA new study warns that about thirty percent of the world's people may not have enough water by the year 2025.一项新的研究结果提出警告：到2025年，世界上将有30%的人没有足够的水饮用。
A private American organization called Population Action International did the new study. It says more than three-hundred-thirty-five-million people lack enough water now. The people live in twenty-eight countries. Most of the countries are in Africa or the Middle East.这项研究是由美国一家名叫“人口行动”的私立机构进行的。
报告说现在世界上有三亿三千五百万人没有足够的水。
这些人主要分布在非洲或中东的28个国家。
P-A-I researcher Robert Engelman says by the year 2025, about three-thousand-million people may lack water. At least 18 more countries are expected to have severe water problems. The demand for water keeps increasing. Yet the amount of water on Earth stays the same.人口行动组织的研究人罗博特.安格曼说，到2025年大约三十亿人缺水。
英文科技文献阅读及写作
Academic Writing: PhDChapter SixProcess and Techniques of Academic WritingCoherence determines whether a paper makes sense. The writer must make sure that his/her sentences and paragraphs are logically coherent and presented so as to make his/her thoughts and language acceptable and identifiable to his/her readers. Here are some of the ways of achieving coherence.I Organizing Information and Arguments LogicallyA coherent paragraph is made up of a series of points that lead logically from one to the next and that all contribute to the topic sentence. Compare the following two paragraphs and make comments on them. Which one is coherent and which one is not? Why?In my opinion, most Americans are weight conscious, because they are very concerned with the size and shape of bodies. If they are not, then there are endlessremedies such as fad diets, diet pills, and health spas to help them lose the extra weight.They like sports and travel. They also like moving from one place to another. I believethat even though people look and feel healthy, fashion insists that they be even thinnerand more well-proportioned than they already are. It is not at all surprising thatAmericans spend millions of dollars each year on their remedies to achieve their goal.In my opinion, most Americans are weight conscious. Thus they are very concerned with the size and shape of bodies. I believe that even though people lookand feel healthy, fashion insists that they be even thinner and more well-proportionedthan they already are. If they are not, then there are endless remedies such as fad diets,diet pills, and health spas to help them lose the extra weight. On the whole, it is not atall surprising that Americans spend millions of dollars each year on their remedies toachieve their goal.Logical organization is essential for developing a discourse coherently. In the following example, the author begins with a problem statement (containment site conditions and high-water flow rates) in the first paragraph. The next two paragraphs present data to supporthis hypothesis, and the final paragraph offers a series of counter-proposals:While several proposals have indicated that a containment pond above the proposed bridge would eliminate the potential for structural damage during high-water conditions, both the social characteristics around the containment site and the average high-water flow rate still present problems.The soil conditions around the proposed site have failed percolator tests at over 50 percent of the test wells. Given the porous nature of the containment walls, it is unlikely that they can successfully retain high-water levels such as those encountered in the spring of 1984. It is also unlikely that adequate bonding can be provided in this earthen fill because of the incompatible granular sizing of the proposed backfill sands.Similarly, the high-water flow rate has not been taken into consideration in the proposed design. While the present design does consider the containment pond is over 800 feet higher the elevation than the bridge pilings, the flow rate could be considered during high-water conditions. Tentatively, a flow rate of 1,200 ft/bs at the piling level has been calculated. This leaves a safety margin of less than 22 percent (the state’s road and bridge commission both require 35 percent).Thus, three steps must be considered before continuing work on this project:1. Test site both higher and lower than the current one to determine the percolationcharacteristics of a larger section of the streambed.2. Select a backfill material more consistent with the in situ material to improve thebonding characteristics of the containment wall.3. Consider other measures of reducing the outlet flow arte during high-waterconditions—that is, rub-off spillways, laddered streambed upstream from thepilings, or additional power work on the bridge.2. Using Transitional Words or Phrases AppropriatelyThe use of transitional words or phrases is important for creating coherence in paper writing. There are many ways to show transitions, including transitional expressions, deliberate selective repetition, parallel structures, logical arrangement, and special paragraphs.Transitional expressions are probably the device you have learned about the most. The following list is for your reference. You should work in your own writing on making use of a variety of transitional expressions. If, while revising and editing your paper, you find that you tend to use the same expressions over and over, look to this list for other possibilities. Note that they are not all synonyms and they are not all used in formal academic writing.Examples for example, for instance, such as, specifically,thus, to illustrate, as an illustration, namely Cause and effect therefore, so, as a result, consequently, sinceaccordingly, if…then, due to this, for this reasonas a consequence ofAddition and, too, moreover, in addition, besides, further,furthermore, equally important, next, also, finallyas well asComparison likewise, similarly, also, again, in the samemanner, in the same way, in comparison Contrast in contrast, on one hand…on the other hand,however, although, even though, though, still, yet,but, nevertheless, nonetheless, conversely, at thesame time, regardless, despite, on the contrary Summary in conclusion, as a result, hence, in summary, tosum up, to summarize, therefore, finally, on thewhole, as I have demonstrated, as the data showTime and Sequence first, second, third (firstly, secondly, thirdly), next,then, last, finally, afterwards, before, after, soon, assoon as, since, later, during, while, meanwhile,subsequently, immediately, eventually, as long as,concurrently, currently, thereafter, at that time Place next to, above, behind, beyond, near, nearbyacross from, to the right, here, there, in theforeground, in the background, in between,opposite to, at the side, adjacent, in the distance Concession of course, naturally, it may be the case that,Granted, it is true that, certainly, to be sure Repetition to repeat, in other words, once again, as I saidearlier, as I pointed out earlier, as mentionedpreviously, as mentioned earlierExercise 1In the following examples consider the transitional devices used and complete the sentences so that they are logically related to the other sentence.cators are beginning to conclude that children who watch violent TV programs will actmore violently themselves. However, __________cators…themselves. As a result, ___________.cators…themselves. Moreover, ___________.Exercise 2The following sentences lack transitions. Consider the relationship between the two sentences and fill in an appropriate transition for each example.1.China is opening its door to the West. It will probably always remain a traditionally Easternculture.2.China is opening its door to the West. Its traditionally Eastern culture is likely to undergosome changes.3.China is opening its door to the West. The west is embracing much of the culture of the East.Exercise 3The following paragraph is difficult to read because it lacks transitions. Insert transitions to improve its readability.Many people still consider the choice of college the most important career decision you can make. Graduate school is the most important choice. The competition for all kinds of jobs has gotten fiercer. Business positions at the entry level often go to people with MBAs and law degrees. Many good jobs require advanced training and skills.Employers pay attention to more than the presence of an advanced degree on your resume.They look at the program of study. They consider the quality of the school. Think about going to graduate school. Choose your school carefully.Due to sex-role stereotyping, girl’s experiences with computers in the classroom lead to unsatisfactory results. Girls are often not aggressive in bullying other students.They lose their rightful turn at the computer. When they work at the terminal, they find that they don’t like the violence in many computer programs. They stop using the computer. By the time girls enter junior high school, they don’t get special recognition from their peers. Girls are assumed not to be the brightest math students. They are often not placed in computer programming courses. Because of lack of interest in computers and limited computer experience, girls may be unprepared for the high-tech professional world of the future.In addition to logical organization and the use of transitional words, coherence can also be further maintained in other ways.3. Using Deliberate Selective RepetitionDeliberate selective repetition is another way of linking thoughts together. By repeating key words, you can keep your reader aware of a paragraph’s focus. You need to be careful not to overuse this method, however, as it can become monotonous. If a paragraph is very short, it is more difficult to use this technique effectively. One technique to help prevent your writing from sounding too repetitious is to use different word forms, as in the example below. Notice how the careful reuse of the key words demand, difficulty, game, rules and fun helps make this paragraph coherent.We demand difficulty even in our games. We demand it because withoutdifficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard forthe fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of difficulty.When the spoilsport ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by therules. It is easier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to change thewholly arbitrary rules, but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty,no fun.—John Ciardi, “Is Everybody Happy?”4. Using Parallel StructuresParallel structures are grammatically equivalent forms. It is similar to the technique of repeating words, but instead it is a repetition of grammatical structures. When the same form is used several times in a paragraph, it can create a rhythm that unifies the paragraph. The same type of problem can occur with this technique; if overused or not skillfully used, your writing will appear wordy. The paragraph below has many examples of parallel structures, which are bolded. Read the paragraph aloud to hear the effect of parallelism.This is our hope. This is the faith with which I return to the South. With thisfaith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope.With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nationinto a beautiful symphony of brother hood. With this faith we will be able towork together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, tostand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.—Martin Luther King, “I Have a Dream”Most of the time, the techniques discussed above are used in combination. In other words, most writers will use transition expressions, selective repetition of words, and parallel structures together to achieve a coherent text. The examples above are for paragraphs, but similar types of techniques can also be used to link paragraphs together.Also, by establishing a clear logical order to your writing, you increase the coherence. There are several different ways to organize a paper, which you have not doubt learned before, such as, narration, description, process, exemplification, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, and analogy.。
英文文献科技类原文及翻译39
英文文献科技类原文及翻译39摘要：讨论了一种具有普遍运用前景的指纹IC卡电子门禁系统，引见了其设计方案、系统的总线结构以及单片机控制局部的软、硬件完成。
该系统将成熟的指纹生物识别技术和IC卡技术严密结合在一同，很好地处置了门禁系统中的身份认证效果和纸质门票带来的方便，具有很强的灵敏性、牢靠性和平安性，十分适宜于大型景色区等公共场所的门禁管理。
关键词：指纹门禁，智能卡，指纹识别，单片机关于一票制而需屡次进入的地铁、旅游胜地入口等场所，传统的纸质售票方式曾经越来越不适用于各部门管理的要求，停止计算机电子门票管理是社会开展的大势所趋。
其中入口处的身份认证是门禁管理的中心任务。
在现行的许多计算机系统中，用户的身份认证大都运用"用户ID+密码"的方法。
实践上，这种方法隐含着密码易遗忘、可传递、易被他人窃盗用等平安效果，同时在入口处需求密码输入不适宜人流量较大的公共场所，因此在电子门禁中需求一种更为便捷牢靠的身份认证方案。
针关于上述效果，本文讨论了一种已研制成功的基于成熟的指纹生物识别技术和IC卡技术的电子门禁系统，它具有"人卡合一"的功用，方便牢靠地停止入口身份认证，十分便于部门管理。
1 门禁系统总体方案1.1"人卡合一"的设计思绪生物识别技术是一种依据人类的生理特征(指纹、声响、面孔、虹膜等)来停止团体身份认证的辩识技术。
近年来，随着信息产业的开展，生物识别技术在国际外失掉了越来越普遍的研讨和运用。
其中指纹自动识别技术是当今开展最成熟的一种生物识别技术，指纹作为人体生物识别的一种方式，它具有以下几个清楚的优点：(1)确定性：每个指纹在人六个月的时分构成，以后终身不会改动，即使被划伤、烧伤，只需不伤及真皮，都不会改动他的指纹外形。
(2)独一性：两个完全一样的指纹出现的概率十分小，不超越600亿分之一。
(3)取样复杂：只需一个电容或光学的指纹采集器就可采集指纹图像。
科技外文文献原文
AMBULANT:A Fast,Multi-Platform Open Source SML Player Dick C.A. Bulterman, Jack Jansen, Kleanthis Kleanthous, Kees Blom and Daniel Benden CWI: Centrum voor Wiskunde en InformaticaKruislaan 4131098 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands +31 20 592 43 00 Dick.Bulterman@cwi.nl ABSTRACTThis paper provides an overview of the Ambulant Open SMIL player. Unlike other SMIL implementations, the Ambulant Player is a reconfigureable SMIL engine that can be customized for use as an experimental media player core.The Ambulant Player is a reference SMIL engine that can be integrated in a wide variety of media player projects. This paper starts with an overview of our motivations for creating a new SMIL engine then discusses the architecture of the Ambulant Core (including the scalability and custom integration features of the player).We close with a discussion of our implementation experiences with Ambulant instances for Windows,Mac and Linux versions for desktop and PDA devices.Categories and Subject Descriptors H.5.1 Multimedia Information Systems [Evaluation]H.5.4 Hypertext/Hypermedia [Navigation]. General TermsExperimentation, Performance, V erification KeywordsSMIL, Player, Open-Source, Demos1.MOTIV ATIONThe Ambulant Open SMIL Player is an open-source, full featured SMIL 2.0 player. It is intended to be used within the researcher community (in and outside our institute) in projects that need source code access to a production-quality SMIL player environment. It may also be used as a stand-alone SMIL player for applications that do not need proprietary mediaformats.The player supports a range of SMIL 2.0 profiles ( including desktop and mobile configurations) and is available in distributions for Linux, Macintosh, and Windows systems ranging from desktop devices to PDA and handheld computers. While several SMIL player implementationsexist,including the RealPlayer [4], InternetExplorer [5], PocketSMIL [7],GRiNS [6],X-SMILES [8] and various proprietary implementations for mobile devices, we developed Ambulant for three reasons:Permission to make digital or hard copiesof all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, or republish,to post on servers or to redistribute tolists,requires prior specific permissionand/or a fee.'MM' 04, October 10-16, 2004, New Y ork, New Y ork, USA.Copyright 2004 ACM 1-58113-893-8/04/0010...$5.00.•N one of the existi ng SMIL players provides a complete and correct SMIL 2.0 implementation. The Ambulant player implements all of SMIL, based on the SMIL 2.0 Language profile plus extensions to support advanced animation and the needs of the mobile variant used by the 3GPP/PSS-6 SMIL specification [9]. •A ll commercial SMIL players are geared to the presentation of proprietary media. The Ambulant player uses open-source media codecs and open-source network transfer protocols, so that the player can be easily customized foruse in a wide range of researchprojects.• Our goal is to build a platform that will encourage the development of comparable multimedia research output.By providing what we expect will be a standard baseline player, other researchers and developmentorganizations can concentrate on integratingextensions to the basic player (either in terms of new media codecs or new network control algorithms). These extensions can then be shared by others.In contrast to the Helix client architecture [10], which also moved to a GPL core in mid-2004, the Ambulant player supports a wider range of SMIL target application architectures,it provides a more complete and correct implementation of the SMIL language,it provides much better performance on low-resource devices and it provides a more extensible media player architecture. It also provides an implementation that includes all of the media codecs as part of the open client infrastructure.The Ambulant target community is not viewers of media content, but developers of multimedia infrastructures, protocols and networks. Our goal has been to augument the existing partial SMIL implementations produced by many groups with a complete implementation that supports even the exotic features of the SMIL language. The following sections provide an introduction to the architecture of the player and describe the state of the various Ambulant implementations. We then discuss how the Ambulant Core can be re-purposed in other projects. We start with a discussion of Ambulant 's functional support for SMIL.2.FUNCTIONAL SUPPORT FOR SMIL 2.0The SMIL 2.0 recommendation [1] defines 10 functional groups that are used to structure the standard '5s0+ modules. These modules define the approximately 30 XML elements and 150 attributes that make up the SMIL 2.0 language. In addition to defining modules, the SMIL 2.0 specification also defines a number of SMIL profiles: collection of elements, attributes and attribute values that are targeted to meet the needs of a particular implementation community. Common profiles include the full SMIL 2.0 Language, SMIL Basic, 3GPP SMIL,XHTML+SMIL and SMIL 1.0 profiles.A review of these profiles is beyond the scope of this paper(see [2]), but a key concern of Ambulant ' sdevelopment has been to provide a player core that can be used to support a wide range of SMIL target profiles with custom player components.This has resulted in an architecture that allows nearly all aspects of the player to be plug-replaceable via open interfaces. In this way, tailored layout, scheduling, media processing and interaction modules can be configured to meet the needs of individual profile requirements. The Ambulant player is the only player that supports this architecture.The Ambulant player provides a direct implementation of the SMIL 2.0 Language profile, plus extensions that provide enhanced support for animation and timing control. Compared with other commercial and non-commercial players, the Ambulant player implements not only a core scheduling engine, it also provides complete support for SMIL layout,interaction, content control and networking facilities.Ambulant provides the most complete implementation of the SMIL language available to date.3.AMBULANT ARCHITECTUREThis section provides an overview of the architecture of the Ambulant core. While this discussion is high-level, it will provide sufficient detail to demonstrate the applicability of Ambulant to a wide range of projects. The sections below consider thehigh-level interface structure, the common services layer and the player com mon core architecture.3.1The High-Level Interface StructureFigure 1 shows the highest level player abstract ion. The player core support top-level con trol exter nal entry points (in clud ing play/stop/pause) and in turn man ages a collection of external factories that provide in terfaces to data sources (both for sta ndard and pseudo-media), GUI and window system interfaces and in terfaces to ren derers. Unlike other players that treat SMIL as a datatype [4],[10], the Ambula nt en gi ne has acen tral role in in teractio n with the input/output/scree n/devices in terfaces.This architecture allows the types of entry points (and the moment of evaluation) to be customized and separated from the various data-sources and renderers. This is important forintegration with environments that may use non-SMIL layout or special device in terface process ing.Figuit 1 k Ambulaittliigk-ljtwLstruchm.3.2The Common Services LayerFigure 2 shows a set of com mon services that are supplied for the player to operate. These in clude operati ng systems in terfaces, draw ing systems in terfaces and support for baseli ne XML fun ctio ns.All of these services are provided by Ambulant; they may also be integrated into other player-related projects or they may be replaced by new service components that are optimized for particular devices or algorithms. Hsurt 2. Amldant Common [Services Liwr/3.3The Player Common CoreFigure 3 shows a slightly abstracted view ofthe Ambula nt com mon core architecture. The view is essentially that of a single instanceof the Ambula nt player. Although only oneclass object is shown for eachservice,multiple interchangeable implementations have been developed for all objects (except the DOM tree) during theplayer 'development. As an example,multiple schedulers have bee n developed to match the fun cti onalcapabilities of various SMIL profiles.Arrows in the figure denote that one abstract class depends on the services offered by the other abstract class. Stacked boxes denote that a si ngle in sta nce of the player will con tain in sta nces of multiple con crete classes impleme nting that abstract class: one for audio, one for images, etc. All of the stacked-box abstract classes come with a factory function to create the in sta nces of the required con crete class.The bulk of the player implementation is architected to be platform in depe ndent. As we will discuss, this platform in depe ndent component has already been reused for five separate player impleme ntati ons. The platform dependent portions of the player include support for actual ren deri ng, UI in teract ion and datasource processing and control. When the player is active, there is asingle instanee of the scheduler and layout manager, both of which depend on the DOM tree object. Multiple instances of data source and playable objects are created. These in teract with multiple abstract rendering surfaces. The playable abstract class is the scheduler in terface (play, stop) for a media no de, while the renderer abstract class is the drawing in terface (redraw). Note that not all playables are ren derers (audio, SMIL ani mati on). The architecture has bee n desig ned to have all comp onents be replaceable, both in terms of an alter native impleme ntati on of a give n set of functionality and in terms of a complete re-purposing of the player components. In this way, the Ambulant core can be migrated to being a special purpose SMIL engine or a non-SMIL engine (such as support for MPEG-4 or other sta ndards).The abstract in terfaces provided by the player do not require a “ SMIL on Top” model of docume nt process ing. The abstract in terface can be used with other high-level control 4.1 Implementation PlatformsSMIL profiles have been defined for a widerange of platforms and devices, ranging fromdesktop implementations to mobile devices. Inorder to support our research on distributedmodels (such as in an XHTML+SMIL implementation), or to control non-SMILlower-level rendering (such as timed text).Note that in order to improve readability of theillustrati on, all auxiliary classes (threadi ng, geometry and color han dli ng, etc.) and several classes that were not important for general un dersta nding (player driver engine, transitions, etc.) have been left out of the diagram.4. IMPLEMENTATION EXPERIENCESThis sectio nwill briefly review ourimpleme ntatio n experie nces with theAmbula nt player. We discuss the implementation platforms used during SMIL ' s development and describe a set of test documents that were created to test the fun cti on ality of the Ambula nt player core. We con clude with a discussi on on the performa nee of the Ambula nt player.SMIL document extensions and to provide a player that was useful for other research efforts, we decided to provide a wide range of SMIL implementations for the Ambulant project. The Ambulant core is available as a single C++ source distribution that provides support for the following platforms:•Linux: our source distributi on in elude makefiles that are used with the RH-8 distribution of Linux. We provide support for media using the FF-MPEG suite [11]. The player interface is built using the Qt toolkit [12]. •Macintosh:Ambulant supports Mac OS X 10.3. Media rendering support is available via the internal Quicktime API and via FF-MPEG . The player user interface uses standard Mac conventions and support (Coca). •Windows: Ambulant provides conventional Win32 support for current generation Windows platforms. It has been most extensivelytested with XP (Home,Professional and TabletPC) and Windows-2000. Media rendering include third-party and local support for imaging and continuous media. Networking and user interface support are provided using platform-embeddedlibraries.•PocketPC: Ambulant supports PocketPC-2000,PocketPC-2002andWindows Mobile 2003 systems. The PocketPC implementations provide support for basic imaging, audio and text facilities.•Linux PDA support:Ambulant provides support for the Zaurus Linux-PDA. Media support is provided via the FF-MPEG library and UI support is provide via Qt. Media support includes audio, images and simple text.In each of these implementations, our initial focus has been on providing support for SMIL scheduling and control functions.We have not optimized media renderer support in the Ambulant 1.0 releases, but expect to provide enhanced support in future versions. 4.2 Demos and Test SuitesIn order to validate the Ambulant player implementation beyond that available with the standard SMIL test suite [3], several demo and test documents have been distributed with the player core. The principal demos include: •Welcome: A short presentation that exercises basic timing,media rendering, transformations and animation.•NYC: a short slideshow in desktop and mobile configurations that exercises scheduling, transformation and media rendering.•News: a complex interactive news document that tests linking, event-based activation, advanced layout, timing and media integration. Like NYC, this demo support differentiated mobile and desktop configurations.•Links: a suite of linking and interaction test cases.•Flashlight: an interactive user'sguide that tests presentation customization using custom test attributes and linking/interaction support. These and other demos are distributed as part of the Ambulant player web site [13].4.3Performance EvaluationThe goal of the Ambulant implementation was to provide a complete and fast SMIL player. We used a C++ implementation core instead of Java or Python because our experience had shownthat on small devices (which we feel hold significant interest for future research), the efficiency of the implementation still plays a dominant role. Our goal was to be able to read, parse, model and schedule a 300-node news presentation in less than two seconds on desktop and mobile platforms. This goal was achieved for all of the target platforms used in the player project. By comparison, the same presentation on the Oratrix GRiNS PocketPC player took 28 seconds to read, parse and schedule. (The Real PocketPC SMIL player and the PocketSMIL players were not able to parseand schedule the document at all because of their limited SMIL language support.)In terms of SMIL language performance, our goal was to provide a complete implementation of the SMIL 2.0 Language profile[14]. Where other players have implemented subsets of this profile,Ambulant has managed to implement the entire SMIL 2.0 feature set with two exceptions: first, we currently do not support the prefetch elements of the content control modules; second, we provide only single top-level window support in the platform-dependent player interfaces. Prefetch was not supported because of the close association of an implementation with a given streaming architecture. The use of multiple top-level windows, while supported in our other SMIL implementation, was not included in version 1.0 of Ambulant because of pending working on multi-screen mobile devices. Both of these feature are expected to be supported in the next release of Ambulant.5.CURRENT STATUS AND AVAILABILITYT his paper describes version 1.0 of the Ambulant player, which was released on July 12, 2004. (This version is also known as the Ambulant/O release of the player.) Feature releases and platform tuning are expected to occur in the summer of 2004. The current release of Ambulant is always available via our SourceForge links [13], along with pointers to the most recent demonstrators and test suites.The W3C started its SMIL 2.1 standardization in May, 2004.At the same time, the W3C' s timed text working group is completing itsfirst public working draft. We will support both of these activities in upcoming Ambulant releases.6.CONCLUSIONSWhile SMIL support is becoming ubiquitous (in no small part due to its acceptance within the mobile community), the availability of open-source SMIL players has been limited. This has meant that any group wishing to investigate multimedia extensions or high-/low-level user or rendering support has had to make a considerable investment in developing a core SMIL engine.We expect that by providing a high-performance, high-quality and complete SMIL implementation in an open environment, both our own research and the research agendas of others can be served. By providing a flexible player framework, extensions from new user interfaces to new rendering engines or content control infrastructures can be easily supported.7.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was supported by the Stichting NLnet in Amsterdam.8.REFERENCES[1]W3C,SMIL Specification,/AudioVideo.[2]Bulterman,D.C.A and Rutledge, L.,SMIL 2.0:Interactive Multimedia for Weband Mobile Devices, Springer, 2004.[3]W3C,SMIL2.0 Standard Testsuite,/2001/SMIL20/testsuite/[4]RealNetworks,The RealPlayer 10,/[5]Microsoft,HTML+Time in InternetExplorer 6,/workshop/author/behaviors/time.asp[6]Oratrix, The GRiNS 2.0 SMIL Player./[7]INRIA,The PocketSMIL 2.0 Player,wam.inrialpes.fr/software/pocketsmil/. [8],X-SMILES: An Open XML-Browser for ExoticApplications./[9]3GPP Consortium,The Third-GenerationPartnership Project(3GPP)SMIL PSS-6Profile./ftp/Specs/archive/26_series/26.246/ 26246-003.zip[10]Helix Community,The Helix Player./.[11]FFMPEG ,FF-MPEG:A Complete Solution forRecording,Converting and Streaming Audioand Video./[12]Trolltech,Qtopia:The QT Palmtop/[13]Ambulant Project,The Ambulant 1.0 Open Source SMIL 2.0Player, /.[14]Bulterman,D.C.A.,A Linking andInteraction Evaluation Test Set for SMIL,Proc. ACM Hypertext 2004, SantaCruz,August, 2004.。
科技英语阅读与翻译全文
科技英语阅读与翻译全文Humanitarian Aid in SpaceSpace exploration technology will benefit developing countries in a variety of ways. Whether it's information about climate change or communication technologies that give remote areas access to the world outside, space science can come to the aid of vulnerable people in many countries.For the past two decades, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) has been sending humanitarian aid dispatched from its space platform. This ambitious project has proved successful, and it’s been praised for its achievements in various aspects.The two strategic areas set forth for JAXA’s humanitarian aid effort are science and education. JAXA’s donations of books and puzzle sets are enabling elementary and junior high school kids in India to study science and math. There are plans to utilize remote sensing data to map out natural resources in Nepalese countryside and expand education related to environmental issues in Vietnam. In addition the agency is sending educational videos to the island nation of Palau tobetter understand their own local wildlife.JAXA is considered to be a pioneer in this area since the launch of their humanitarian aid initiative in 1997. The organization strives to make use of space applications for social welfare and reduce disparities in the world through a number of practical endeavors. The effort currently has a global reach, with projects taking place in seven continent, from Latin America to Africa.JAXA’s humanitarian aid programs will continue to grow with better technology and increased resources. The ongoing work reinforces the concept that space science and technology have the potential to contribute to enhancing the lives of people on Earth.人道主义援助在太空太空探索技术将在各个方面受益于发展中国家。
经济学人科技类文章中英双语（5篇范例）
经济学人科技类文章中英双语（5篇范例）第一篇：经济学人科技类文章中英双语The Brain Activity Map绘制大脑活动地图Hard cell 棘手的细胞An ambitious project to map the brain is in the works.Possibly too ambitious 一个绘制大脑活动地图的宏伟计划正在准备当中，或许有些太宏伟了 NEWS of what protagonists hope will be America’s next big science project continues to dribble out.有关其发起人心中下一个科学大工程的新闻报道层出不穷。
A leak to the New York Times, published on February 17th, let the cat out of the bag, with a report that Barack Obama’s administration is thinking of sponsoring what will be known as the Brain Activity Map.2月17日，《纽约时报》刊登的一位线人报告终于泄露了秘密，报告称奥巴马政府正在考虑赞助将被称为“大脑活动地图”的计划。
And on March 7th several of those protagonists published a manifesto for the project in Science.3月7日，部分发起人在《科学》杂志上发表声明证实了这一计划。
The purpose of BAM is to change the scale at which the brain is understood.“大脑活动地图”计划的目标是改变人们在认知大脑时采用的度量方法。
最新科技英语阅读理解35篇（英汉对照附练习答案）
最新科技英语阅读理解35篇（英汉对照附练习答案）科技英语阅读理解目录Contents1.Mae Jemison ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(2)2.Can a Computer Think?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(4)3. BlackHoles,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(6)/doc/ed9602563.html,cation May Protect against Effects of Shrinking Brain,,,,,,,,,(9)5.Radioactivity ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(11)6. Uses of Ultrasound,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(14)7.Challenges for a Webbed Society,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(16)8.The World of Robots ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(19)9.The Scientific Exploration of Space,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(21) 10. Improving IndustrialEfficiency through Robotics,,,,,,,,,,,,(24)11. Heat Loss from the Human Body ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(26) 12. Energy and Public Safety ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(28)13.Earth Resources Technology Satellites ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(32)14.Can Stress Make You Sick? ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(35)15.Can It Really Happen? ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(37)16.An Ultrasonic T orch ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(40) 17. Miracle of theBrain,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(42)18.All Over in a Flash ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(45)19.Control Earthquakes,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(48) 20. Smoking and Cancer,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(51)21.How Well Do You See? ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(54)22. A Killer Is Born ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(56)23.It May Be Easy To Live Longer--Just Stop Eating,,,,,,,,,,,,,(59)24.Study: T. Rex No Speedster ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(62)25.Modern Examination ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(64)26.Ecology,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(68)27.Appearances Can Be Important,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(70)28.Animal Senses ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(74)29.Telecommunications Satellite Spins Out of Control,,,,,,,,,,,,(76)30.Building Better Ultralight Computers ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(78)31.NASA Oks Second Space Tourist ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(81)32.Drink to - and for - Your Health ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(84)33.Three Things That Will Change Your Life,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(86)34.Bye-bye Credit Cards & Hello Digital Money,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(88)35.Gender Detector,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(90)1. Mae JemisonImagine you are lying on your back, strapped into a chair, with your knees bent in front ofyou. You feel your heart beating with excitement as you hear a voice on the earphone inside your helmet counting down slowly,” Three, two, one,” Then, beneath you, a deep rumble start as rocket fuel ignites in the huge engines. You①feel a lurch as the docking mechanisms let go, and your rocket begins to rise. This is the moment Mae Jemison has been waiting and working for since 1987. The firstAfrican-American female astronaut-in-training at the National Aeronautics and Space②Administration (NASA) , Jemison is scheduled to “fly” in September 1992. She is to serve as a specialist on Spacelab—J, ajoint Japanese—American research project.Mae Jemison was thirty-three when she was selected for NASA’s astronaut training program. Astronaut candidates must have science degree. They must be fit and healthy with normal blood pressure and good eyesight. They must stand between five feet and six feet four inches tall. They must complete a one-year training program that includes water-survival lessons and weightless walks in a huge antigravity tank. On the 1991 mission, astronaut Jemison says that her “responsibility are to be familiar with the shuttle and how it operates, to do the experiments once you get③into orbit, to help launch the payloads or satellites, and also to do extra-vehicular activities, or space walks.”How did Mae Jemison grow up to become such a special person? Science —especially astronomy—fascinated her from childhood.She also had a strong desire to help other people. Born in Alabama, but raised in Chicago,she studied chemical engineering and African—American culture and history at Stanford University. To help others, she decided to become a doctor. While still a medical student, she went to Cuba and Kenya on study trips, then worked in ④a refugee camp in Thailand. She spent three years in West Africa as a doctor with the Peace Corps. When Dr. Jemison finally returned to the United States, she settled in California to practice medicine. And it was then that she decided to reach for the stars.Mae Jemison’s first application to NASA was not successful. Then, in 1986, the⑤Challenger space shuttle exploded, killing all aboard . NASA did not take in any new astronauts for about a year. When it finally reopened its application process, Mae Jemison was ready, and so was NASA. After being selected as a minority astronaut, Mae Jemison received a good deal of attention from newspaper and television. She explained to reporters that the space program and other fields in high technology offer promising careers for African-Americans and other minorities who study hard ⑥and make the most of their opportunities .1.The first paragraph is about ______.A.how excited Mae Jemison was when she became an astronautB. how Mae Jemisonbecame an astronautC.how the people usually feel when the rocket they take begins to riseD.what Mae Jemison did after she was able to fly a rocket2.Which of the following statements is true?A.Mae Jemison had a strong desire to become famous.B.Mae Jemison was brought up in Alabama.C.Mae Jemison studied astronomy at Stanford University.D.Mae Jemison studied medicine.3.When did the Challenger space shuttle explode? A. Before Mae Jemison became a doctor.B.Shortly after Mae Jemison graduated from Stanford University.C.About a year before Mae Jemison was selected as an astronaut.D.About a year after Mae Jemison became famous all overthe world.4.Mae Jemison believed that _______.A.men and women were not equalB.women were better paid than men wereC.American blacks were unable to find satisfactory jobs no matter how hard they studiedD.American blacks were able to find satisfactory jobs if they studied hard and made gooduse of their chance5.What is the attitude of the writer towards Mae Jemison’s achievements?A.JealousB.UpsetC. NegativeD. PositiveNotes:①lurch v. : To roll or pitch suddenly or erratically. 突然倾斜,突然地或者无规则地倾斜或坠落。
（完整word版）英文科技文献阅读
（完整word版）英文科技文献阅读英文科技文献阅读英语阅读能力是一种重要的能力，养成良好的阅读习惯，掌握一定的阅读技巧，对于阅读能力的提高十分重要。
同学们要相信，良好的阅读习惯是可以培养的。
英语科技文献主要包括，专著（monograph/treatise）、教材(teaching material)、科研论文(research paper/thesis)、学位论文(dissertation)、科研报告(research report)、产品说明书(product operating instruction)、操作说明书(operation manual)、专利文献(patent document)、技术合同（technical contract）和广告(advertisement)等。
一般来说，英语科技文献的阅读方法与英语其他文献的阅读的方法相差不大。
我们先介绍几种阅读方法：采取何种阅读方法取决于阅读的目的。
略读（Skimming）：只需要理解文章内容的大约50%，快速地获取中心意思和重点。
速度为300~1000wpm（words per minute）。
关键是掌握英文的写作特点。
将重点放在句首和句尾的主题句上。
注意抓住关键词。
浏览或者查阅（Scanning）：查阅只需要从文章中有目的地迅速查找某一具体事实或者特定信息。
快速阅读（Fast reading）：速度为200~350 wpm。
要求基本上理解文章内容。
为了养成快速阅读的习惯，精读（Intensive reading）：在阅读的同时对文章从各方面（包括语法、词汇、写作特点和中心思想）进行分析。
阅读时要集中精力：阅读的过程过程如下：首先是利用眼睛从文献中获取文字、图形信息，然后大脑要对有关的信息进行记忆、理解并思考。
如果我们在阅读时还同时作其他的事情，比如说，听收音机、与他人聊天或考虑其他问题，势必会降低阅读的速度、影响对信息的记忆最终会影响对问题理解；这就好比一个计算机的CPU在同时执行多个任务时会降低速度一样。
科技英语文献
科技英语文献Technology has become an integral part of our daily lives, revolutionizing the way we communicate, work, and interact with the world around us. The field of technology encompasses a vast array of innovations, from cutting-edge advancements in artificial intelligence to groundbreaking discoveries in renewable energy. As we delve deeper into the realm of technology, it is crucial to understand the importance of technology-related literature in shaping our understanding and driving future progress.The field of technology is constantly evolving, with new developments and discoveries emerging at a rapid pace. In order to stay informed and keep up with the latest trends, it is essential to engage with high-quality English literature on the subject. These publications, ranging from academic journals to industry reports, provide a wealth of information and insights that can inform decision-making, guide research, and inspire innovation.One of the key benefits of engaging with technology-related English literature is the ability to access cutting-edge research and development. Academic journals, for instance, often publish peer-reviewed articles that showcase the latest breakthroughs andadvancements in various technological domains. By reading these publications, researchers and professionals can gain a deeper understanding of the current state of the field, identify emerging trends, and uncover new opportunities for exploration and experimentation.Moreover, technology-related English literature can serve as a valuable resource for policymakers, industry leaders, and government officials. These publications can provide critical insights into the social, economic, and environmental implications of technological advancement, informing decision-making processes and guiding the development of policies and regulations. This, in turn, can help ensure that technological progress is aligned with the broader societal goals of sustainability, equity, and ethical consideration.Beyond the realm of academic and policy-oriented literature, the field of technology also encompasses a vast array of industry-specific publications. These include trade journals, market reports, and specialized magazines that delve into the intricacies of various technological sectors, such as information technology, renewable energy, or biotechnology. By engaging with these publications, professionals, entrepreneurs, and investors can stay up-to-date on the latest trends, identify emerging opportunities, and make informed decisions that drive the growth and development of theirrespective industries.One of the most compelling aspects of technology-related English literature is its ability to foster cross-cultural collaboration and knowledge-sharing. As technology increasingly transcends national boundaries, the need for effective communication and exchange of ideas becomes paramount. By engaging with high-quality English literature, professionals and researchers from around the world can access a shared knowledge base, collaborate on projects, and learn from the experiences and insights of their global counterparts.Furthermore, technology-related English literature can serve as a valuable educational resource, inspiring and educating the next generation of innovators and problem-solvers. By exposing students and young professionals to the latest research, case studies, and thought-leadership in the field, these publications can ignite a passion for technology, encourage critical thinking, and equip the next generation with the skills and knowledge necessary to tackle the challenges of the future.In conclusion, the importance of technology-related English literature cannot be overstated. These publications serve as a vital conduit for the dissemination of knowledge, the exploration of new ideas, and the advancement of technological progress. By engaging with these resources, professionals, researchers, policymakers, andthe general public can stay informed, make informed decisions, and contribute to the ongoing evolution of technology in a way that benefits society as a whole. As we continue to navigate the rapidly changing landscape of technology, the role of high-quality English literature will only become more crucial in shaping our collective future.。
科技英语阅读原文及翻译(李健版,单元1-7)
Unit 1 EnvironmentEarth’s Health in Sharp Decline, Massive Study Finds大规模研究发现：地球的“健康”每况愈下The report card has arrived from the largest ever scientific Earth analysis, and many of the planet’s ecosystems are simply not making the grade.有史以来对地球进行的最大规模的科学分析结果表明，地球上的许多生态系统都达不到标准。
The UN-backed Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Synthesis Report found that nearly two-thirds of Earth’s life-supporting ecosystems, including clean water, pure air, and stable climate, are being degraded by unsustainable use.由联合国主持的《千年生态系统评估综合报告》指出，由于不可持续的使用，地球上将近三分之二的用来维持生命的生态系统（包括干净的水源、纯净的空气以及稳定的气候）正遭受破坏。
Human has caused much of this damage during the past half century. Soaring demand for food, fresh water, timber, fiber and fuel have led to dramatic environmental changes, from deforestation to chemical pollution, the report says. The already grim situation may worsen dramatically during the first half of the 21st century, the report’s authors warn.以上大部分的破坏都是人类在过去的半个世纪里造成的。
关于科技的英文文献综述范文
关于科技的英文文献综述范文Here is a 1000-word essay on the topic of "A Literature Review on Technology":Technology has become an integral part of our daily lives, transforming the way we live, work, and communicate. From the invention of the printing press to the development of artificial intelligence, the influence of technology on human civilization is undeniable. This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the various aspects of technology and its impact on society.One of the most significant advancements in technology is the rapid development of digital technologies. The internet has revolutionized the way we access information, communicate with others, and conduct business. The rise of social media platforms has transformed the way we interact with our friends, family, and the world around us. Similarly, the growing popularity of e-commerce has changed the way we shop, with online retailers offering a vast array of products and services at our fingertips.Another important aspect of technology is the field of automationand robotics. Automated systems are now being used in a wide range of industries, from manufacturing to healthcare, to improve efficiency and reduce human error. The development of sophisticated robots has also led to significant advancements in fields such as exploration, disaster relief, and medical procedures. However, the increasing reliance on automation has also raised concerns about job displacement and the impact on the workforce.The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) is perhaps one of the most significant technological advancements of our time. AI systems are capable of performing tasks traditionally reserved for humans, such as decision-making, problem-solving, and language processing. The potential applications of AI are vast, ranging from personalized recommendations on e-commerce platforms to the development of self-driving cars. At the same time, the ethical implications of AI, such as the potential for bias and the impact on privacy, are the subject of ongoing debates and research.Another area of technology that has seen significant advancements is the field of renewable energy. As the world grapples with the challenge of climate change, the development of sustainable energy sources has become a pressing concern. Solar, wind, and hydroelectric power are just a few examples of the renewable energy technologies that are being explored and implemented on a global scale. These technologies not only help to reduce our carbonfootprint but also have the potential to provide affordable and accessible energy to communities around the world.The impact of technology on healthcare is another area that deserves attention. Advancements in medical technology, such as diagnostic imaging, telemedicine, and personalized medicine, have revolutionized the way we approach healthcare. These technologies have the potential to improve patient outcomes, reduce healthcare costs, and increase access to quality care, particularly in remote or underserved areas.However, the rapid pace of technological change has also raised concerns about the potential negative impacts of technology on our lives. The increased reliance on digital devices and the constant connectivity of the internet can lead to issues such as screen addiction, sleep deprivation, and social isolation. Additionally, the collection and use of personal data by tech companies and governments have raised concerns about privacy and data security.In conclusion, this literature review has explored the various aspects of technology and its impact on society. From the transformative power of digital technologies to the advancements in renewable energy and healthcare, the role of technology in shaping our world is undeniable. However, as we continue to embrace technological progress, it is crucial that we carefully consider the ethical andsocietal implications of these advancements. By doing so, we can ensure that technology is used to enhance and improve the lives of people around the world, rather than contributing to societal problems.。
英文版的科技文章阅读
英文版的科技文章阅读许多科技工作者默默无闻地工作着，从不考虑个人得失，可谓宠辱不惊。
下面小编整理了英文版的科技文章阅读，希望大家喜欢!英文版的科技文章阅读摘抄苹果发布最新防监控系统补丁In many cases, the NSO Group had designed its tools to impersonate those of the Red Cross, Facebook, Federal Express, CNN, Al Jazeera, Google and even the Pokemon Company to gain the trust of its targets, according to the researchers.研究人员称，很多情况下，NSO集团把自己的工具设计得像红十字会(Red Cross)、Facebook、联邦快递(Federal Express)、CNN、半岛电视台(Al Jazeera)、谷歌(Google)，甚至宝可梦公司(Pokemon Company)的一样，以便获取目标的信任。
“NSO Group was very professional, and very effective in staying silent,” said Mike Murray, a vice president at Lookout.“NSO集团非常专业，在保持沉默方面也非常有效，”Lookout 的副总裁迈克•默里(Mike Murray)说。
In recent years, zero day flaws have been traded among hackers, brokers, companies like the NSO Group, and spy agencies and law enforcement networks eager for ways to break into devices.近年来，零日漏洞在黑客、中间商、NSO集团这样的公司，和迫切地想要破解设备的间谍机构与执法网络之间交易。
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英文科技文献阅读
英语阅读能力是一种重要的能力，养成良好的阅读习惯，掌握一定的阅读技巧，对于阅读能力的提高十分重要。
同学们要相信，良好的阅读习惯是可以培养的。
英语科技文献主要包括，专著（monograph/treatise）、教材(teaching material)、科研论文(research paper/thesis)、学位论文(dissertation)、科研报告(research report)、产品说明书(product operating instruction)、操作说明书(operation manual)、专利文献(patent document)、技术合同（technical contract）和广告(advertisement)等。
一般来说，英语科技文献的阅读方法与英语其他文献的阅读的方法相差不大。
我们先介绍几种阅读方法：采取何种阅读方法取决于阅读的目的。
略读（Skimming）：只需要理解文章内容的大约50%，快速地获取中心意思和重点。
速度为300~1000wpm（words per minute）。
关键是掌握英文的写作特点。
将重点放在句首和句尾的主题句上。
注意抓住关键词。
浏览或者查阅（Scanning）：查阅只需要从文章中有目的地迅速查找某一具体事实或者特定信息。
快速阅读（Fast reading）：速度为200~350 wpm。
要求基本上理解文章内容。
为了养成快速阅读的习惯，
精读（Intensive reading）：在阅读的同时对文章从各方面（包括语法、词汇、写作特点和中心思想）进行分析。
阅读时要集中精力：阅读的过程过程如下：首先是利用眼睛从文献中获取文字、图形信息，然后大脑要对有关的信息进行记忆、理解并思考。
如果我们在阅读时还同时作其他的事情，比如说，听收音机、与他人聊天或考虑其他问题，势必会降低阅读的速度、影响对信息的记忆最终会影响对问题理解；这就好比一个计算机的CPU在同时执行多个任务时会降低速度一样。
加之英语不是中国学生的母语，阅读时集中精力就显得更为重要。
要养成预读的习惯：一般来说文献的文字之间有着一定的逻辑关系。
一篇文章是由若干个段落构成的，每个段落表达一个主题或者一个主题的某个方面。
这些段落前后之间存在一定的逻辑关系，文章的写作者正是利用这些逻辑关系来表达一定的思想。
段落和句子之间也存在的类似关系。
为了能够进行预读，要养成注意段落的开头句和（或）结尾句的习惯。
同时，要注意连接词，正是这些连接词提供了后面文字要表达的意思的提示信息。
常见的连接词有：
（1）表示增加的连接词：also，and，and then，too，in addition，further more，more over，again，on top of that，another等。
（2）表示对照、转折的连接词：but，still，yet，however，on the other hand，on the contrary，in spite of，even though等。
（3）表示结果和原因的连接词：because，since，so，hence，as a result，therefore，then，thus，otherwise，consequently等。
（4）表示总结的连接词：finally，at last，in conclusion，as have shown，in other word，in brief，in short，in general，on the whole，as has been stated，to sum up，all in all等。
（5）表示时间关系的连接词：now，then，before，after，afterwards，earlier，later，immediately，soon，next，in a few days，gradually，suddenly，finally等。
（6）表示空间关系的连接词：near（to），far（from），in front of，behind，beside，beyond，above，below，to the right，to the left，around，outside等。
（7）表示目的的连接词：for this reason，for this purpose，so that等。
（8）表示强调的连接词：in fact，indeed，surely，necessarily，certainly，without any doubt，truly，to repeat，above all，most important等。
（9）表示解释说明的连接词：thus，for example，in fact，in this case，for actually，for instance等。
（10）表示比较的连接词：in the same way，just like，just as等。
（11）表示让步的连接词：even though，nevertheless，although，after all，admittedly 等。
要培养良好的中文阅读习惯和提高中文阅读能力：母语的阅读习惯同样会对外语阅读行为产生影响，因此在进行中文阅读时也要注意形成好的习惯。
要丰富自己的知识结构：大家都知道如果对阅读文献的背景或者内容比较熟悉的话，阅读起来速度就要快的得多。
因此平时注意知识的积累也是大有益处的。
要提高自己的词汇量：一篇文献如果生词太多显然是不适合快速阅读的，甚至是不适合阅读的。
扩大词汇量的方法有不少，其中记“词根”不失为一个好方法。
阅读时不要发出声音；也不要用铅笔、手指等在文字下移动：我们可以将阅读过程视为多个子系统共同参与的过程。
显然，如果我们在阅读时发出声音，发音子系统和听觉子系统必须要参与工作，而这两个子系统的工作速度远远比不上视觉子系统和思维子系统的工作速度。
大脑为了协调，势必要降低视觉子系统和思维子系统的速度。
阅读时使用铅笔、手指等在文字下移动也会影响阅读速度也是同样的道理
不要“逐词逐词”地读：要从“逐词逐词”地读逐步改为按意群来读。
当然，这种习惯的形成本身就是大量阅读后才能形成的。
不要中断阅读去查生词：如果遇到自己不懂的单词，要学会“猜”单词的含义。
主要方法有：根据上下文的逻辑关系，根据词根、前后缀。
不要在自己不认识的单词旁标注中文：有的同学喜欢在自己不认识的单词旁边标注上中文，以方便下次阅读时能提高速度。
这并不是一种良好的习惯，容易养成依赖心理。
我的阅读速度始终无法提高，怎么办？首先不要焦急，要冷静下来找原因。
你所读的文献可能是太难了！不妨先从简单的文献入手，篇幅不要太长，生词不要太多，内容最好是熟悉的。
你阅读的量可能太少了！最好是每天都坚持阅读，持之以恒，会有效果的。
你的词汇量可能太少！除了前面提到的记忆“词根”外，阅读则是扩大词汇量的最好办法。