HND 商务文化策略1
HND商务文化与策略图文稿
H N D商务文化与策略 Company number【1089WT-1898YT-1W8CB-9UUT-92108】Assessment task 1Outcome coveredAll outcomes (1-5)Section 1:(a).The PESTEL analysis heading are a framework in which environmental influence are categorized into six main types: political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, environmental and legal.1.P: political forces, as the political arena has a hugeinfluence upon the regulation of business and the spending of consumers and other businesses. The political is includinggovernment stability, taxation policy, social welfarepolicies and the trade regulations.In our case of J D Wetherspoon plc, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. And the government pays attention for the disadvantage.2. E: economic forces, as the state of a trading economy in theshort-term and long-term influence the wealth of apopulation. The economic is including interest rates,inflation, and disposable income and product seasonality and so on.About the J D Wetherspoon plc, in the start of twenty first century, J D Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. The retail licensing marking had adapted to the changes in the‘tied house’ system and other retail pub chains like Regent Inns and Punch Taverns had been developing their businesses. And the supermarket began selling drinks also have influence on the company.3.S: socio-cultural forces. Such as religion and demographicsimpact upon product design and spending by consumers. Itincludes lifestyle trends, education level, populationdemographics and social responsbilityIn the case, people more and more carefully to take attentionon their health, so they began to reduce the wine drinking. Then J D Wetherspon plc develops a kind of low ethanol wine.4.T: technological forces, such as information technologyinfluences production methods, and transportation influences market penetration and product costs. It will include speed of introduction of new technologies, innovations/developments and consumer buying options and so on.In the case, with the technological develop; the beer can be bottled and selling in the market. Because of this, people aren’t need to drink beer only in the pubs. This can decrease the sell share of the J D Wetherspoon.5.L: legal forces, such as product safety influences design,and trading practices influence how businesses conductthemselves in the market. It may include like employment law, healthy and safety, company law and consumer protection and so on.In the case, the government issued policies to limit the wine drinking, and the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take aruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. All of this legal force could have influence on J D Wetherspoon.(b).The analysis of the organization’s internal and external strategic environment is referred to as a SWOT analysis. SWOTis an acronym for strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. The SWOT analysis is a very popular tool with managers because it is quick and easy to learn.S: in the case, J D Wetherspoon claimed that people are itsbest asset. 20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners. The company provide lifelong training and adopt he staff suggestion, and communicate with them, J D Wetherspoon provide quiet environment and the service are alwayssatisfied the consumer demand, all of these can protect the company develop well.W: the food in pubs of J D Wetherspoon, it supportscomplimentary crisps with baguettes, this kind is bad forcustomers’ health and it didn’t distinguish the hot degree, this might cause customer’s discontented for the J DWetherspoon. It also doesn’t have children’s meals. Thiswill let the customers of adult unconvenient, and it maybecause the children are hurt. All of these can loss thecustomers.O:J D Wetherspoon is managing he pub style as ‘quiet’. But now, it acquired the Lloyds pub chain, J D Wetherspoondevelop it as another style. This kind of pub’s music dazedoutlets with a much stronger entertainment element and show TV programs, this can attract much more customers. Thecompany also begun developing budget hotel, this can develop another market and increase the profit of J D Wetherspoon. T: J D Wetherspoon faced many computers, like Regent Inns, Punch Taverns and the supermarket. They will strive theshare of market and the customer. The government policy also influences it. Like the limit of brewing and drink beer in the century of the city, this also can decrease the share of J D Wetherspoon.(c).Through a SWOT analysis an organization can assess its current position and make comparisons with competitors in order to plan activities and resources appropriately. It is the first stage of planning and helps managers to focus on key issues. It is important remember when carrying out a SWOT analysis that it is not absolute.Simple rules for successful SWOT analysis like next: Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of theorganization.Analysis should distinguish between where your organization is today, and where be in the future.Be specific. Avoid grey areas.Always analysis in relation to the competition.Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over-analysis.SWOT analysis is a kind of subjective and short term in its nature, so it can’t use to analysis lon g-term situation.For example, when you analysis the opportunities, you can think about: where are the good opportunities available to our organization？Section 2:(a).1. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. It acts as the social glue which holds the organization together. Research shows that the culture of an organizationcan significantly affect the way in which the company operates, particularly in terms of its effectiveness. Shared values become embodied in the organization’s ideology or philosophyand act as a quite to behavior and ways of dealing with anxiety. In J D Wetherspoon pubs, it says that people are its best asset. The company is satisfied the staff, so this is itsorganizational culture. It has a flexible training policy which enables people from all kinds of different backgrounds to join the company. It is committed to lifelong training and itprovides staff with opportunities to gain relevantqualifications such as those offered by the British Instituteof Innkeeping, 20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners.2. Basic assumptions at a very fundamental, almost subconscious, level tell employees how to perceive, think and feel about things. These are the elements of culture are unseen and not openly identified in the day-to-day interactions of the members of the organization. Culture elements at this level exist as‘unspoken rules’ and are rarely discussed within the organization. They direct the way events and actions are perceived and interpreted by the organization.In the case, J D Wetherspoon create a quarter of the space in each establishment is non-smoking.(b).A kind of recognized model of organizational culture isTerrence Deal and Allan Kennedy. It is based on how quickly organizations receive or strategies and the level of risk that they take. Deal and Kennedy stated that these two factors gaverise to four generic types of cultures, which they called tough guy/macho culture, work hard/play hard culture, bet-the-company culture and process culture. Through the case, we can know Tim Martin is a ‘big man’ in his company; he manages the company with his mind and idea, it company is include by the food industry, all the staff work hard every day, and then they will have a holiday for several days. So J D Wetherspoon is suit the tough work hard/pay hard culture.The work hard/pay hard culture’s core value is keeping good customer service. In the case, the company has a ‘lifestyle guarantee’ which aims to give managers time for a life outside work. Another key aspect of the company’s operation is‘involvement and communication’. Staffs are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of Board meetings. The company always pays highly attention to the staff and the customers, and the information’s high-speed recreation, and the company also does these suggestions quickly.(c).Culture is something every organization has, but it is not a concrete entity. The culture of an organization impacts upon how that organization reacts to change and it also explainswhat an organizations stands for. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. The founders of the organization have traditionally had a major impact on the organization’s early culture.Through the culture and the behaviors, in the company, the company built the pubs environment very quiet and let its staff work hard in several days and have a holiday in several days. So, a kind of culture will have a kind of behavior.(d).The other type of Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy of recognized model of organizational culture is process culture; it is focus on details and process excellence. However, the stress may come from internal politics and stupidity of the system. This kind of culture has slow feedback/reward and low risk. As a food industry, it pays attention on the result about the customers satisfied. S o it isn’t paying much attention on the details and process. If the company becomes the process culture, itwill bog down with how things are done and not with what is to be achieved.Section 3:(a)In the Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), there are three strategies: cost leadership, differentiation and segmentation, niche or focus strategy.1.Cost leadership is a low cost leader---gain competitiveadvantage from being able to produce at the lowest cost---‘cost advantage is the focuses’, the low cost doesn’tmean low price---gain the benefits. It in a broad marketscope environment where it has a kind of substitute products and power competition.2.Differentiation is differentiated goods and services satisfythe needs of customers, and the companies can de-sensitizeprices and focuses on value-higher price and a better margin.So it needs to incur additional costs in creating itscompetitive advantage. It in a broad market scopeenvironment is in that the customers’ loyalty can help the company limited and reduce new entrants and competitors.3.The segmentation, niche or focus strategy is included costfocus and focus differentiation.The cost focus is a form aims at being the lows costproducer in that niche or segment, it in a narrow marketscope environment like low cost than the differentiationin a niche.The focus differentiation is a firm creates competitiveadvantage through differentiation within the niche orsegment. Its potential problems are small, specialistniches could disappear in the long term. Its associatedenvironment is in the narrow market scope, you can use aspecial product from the major developed marketcompetitors who have different purposes.(b)In the case, during the1980s and 1990S the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. And it is developing a style that is quiet, healthy and satisfied environment. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people areits best asset. This style is more different with others.In our case, all of these we have said, during the 1980s and 1990s, J D Wetherspoon is a pub chain, it has many pubs, the company’s aim is to manage the pub to satisfied with the customer, and it is always make its strategy in the pub chain, its all of actions like provide cheap beer and non-smoking areaand so on, which are all of set the main point to its pub manage style.So I advise that the company’s situation is suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.From the strategy, J D Wetherspoon gets more benefits; here I only identify four about it: the company builds its own style and brand, it has its own customer group, the expansion about share and scope is growing quickly, and the benefits are more than before.(c)During the 21st century, J D Weterspoon was facing much mire competition, and through the government’s policy limited, its develop was decrease and slowly, then it begain to change its style and acquired others, it serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning, support the family dining area, show televised football and so on. The company also began to manage other area like the hotel.So it suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), segmentation, niche or focus strategy.During the1980s and 1990s, the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. It is Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation. During the 21st century, it also pays attention to the staff, but it try to change its style, manage motel, and the food what has provided.(d)when a company was changing business strategy, it must be considering the factors, so as J D Wetherspoon .Exterior environment: by the start of the twenty firstcentury, because of the retail licensing market had adapt to the changes in the “tied house” system and othercompetitor had been adapted it and developing theirbusiness. So J D Wetherspoon was facing much morecompetition. Many other competitors run the pub andreceive the pay rent, this situation lead to saturationof the pub market. So J D Wetherspoon needs to change its business strategy.Policy: during 2002-2004, government allows thesupermarket began selling drinks, particularly premiumlarger, at loss-leader prices. This means that the pubcan not compare with supermarket in price. On the otherhand, government concern about binge drinking and theconsequent ant special behaviors, particularly in citycenters. This lead the decrease of new pub number andshares of J D Wetherspoon. They must to change to savetheir company.(e)(f)Key issues in the management of a business strategy like next: Market/industry knowledgeSufficiency of resources and capabilitiesOffering consumers ’a unique value ’ perceived or real Establishing a key ’differentiator’Consistent communication consistentlyManagement must keep change feasibleStructureRecognize the principal causes of strategic change. About the J D Wetherspoon, I will talk about two points: Consistent communication consistently. In the J DWetherspoon, ‘movement and communication’, staffs are keeping in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthlycompany video and by publicizing the minutes of broadmeeting. And J D Wetherspoon attend to listen to thestaff voice, like their suggestions wetherspoon’s‘listening’ policy is based on a system successfullypioneered by the hi-foreteller, richer sounds.Establishing a key ‘differentiator’. During thedevelopment and growth of the company, the companyprovide real ale beers at relatively low prices and care about child and disable, it build non-smoking area tokeep health for the customers.Section 4:(a)Because of the two powers about restraining forces and driving forces take effect. The strategy of J D Wetherspoon changed over time. Through two forces of restraining is the force working against desired changes. And the other force of diving is the force of working for desired changes.If the diving force is stronger than restraining force, then the firm will be changing. The leader could compare the two forces, and consider the company need to change or not.Next we will talk about J D Wetherspoon’s driving force and restraining forces.1.Driving forces: The increase competition, many competitorsrun pubs to rentthe money.Government takes many police like concernabout binge drinking, and thought it is anti-social behaviors.The changing market, the market appears to beover-supplied.2.Restraining forces: Inertia (habit) of the J D Wetherspoon,like their staff, they have habit to theirruler and management. They want the steadyenvironment of work.Strength of culture in the J D Wetherspoon isvery strong, the culture has a strong effect onJ D Wetherspoon and its staff and its structure.(b)The big changes from business ethics is a mainly factor in theJ D Wetherspoon.In the case, the government concern about binge drinking andthink it is an anti-social behaviors, and it is particularly inthe city canters. The situation of pub wasn’t been saw to beencouraging brings them bad policing. The event causes a bad effect on J D Wetherspoon.The bad influence on J D Wetherspoon about profit and sharesand sales. Tim Martin now as an executive, he had give up his power through daily time. So the business ethics is very important factors for J D Wetherspoon.(c)The role of management of J D Wetherspoon dealing with the changes is like next:Establishing directions: developing a vision of the futureoften in the distant future, and strategies for producingthe changes needed to achieve that vision. During the J DWetherspoon’s development and grows, the firm sale bear in cheap price, take non-smoking area, provide televisionprogram and so on. All of these means J D Wetherspoon adopt the above behavior to reply change.Aligning people: communicating direction in words and deeds to all whose cooperation may be need so as to influence the creation of teams and coalitions that understand the vision and strategies and accept their validity. About the J DWetherspoon, it communicates and knows about customers needs,then changes its business, like breakfast serving in the morning before normal time at 11:00 a.m.Motivating and inspiring: energizing people to overcome major political, bureaucratic and resource barriers to change by satisfying basic, but often unfulfilled, human needs. Monitoring organizing and results, through find the careless to solve the problems. The leader should fide out the difference between J D Wetherspoon and others. It always needs to communication with people, know their needs and solve them, help them to adapt the changes in the company.。
HND商务文化与策略
Assessment task 1Outcome coveredAll outcomes (1-5)Section 1:(a) .The PESTEL analysis heading are a framework in which environmental influence are categorized into six main types: political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, environmental and legal.1. P: political forces, as the political arena has a huge influence upon the regulation of business andthe spending of consumers and other businesses. The political is including government stability, taxation policy, social welfare policies and the trade regulations.In our case of J D Wetherspoon plc, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘ tied house ' system, this ruling limited the brewer selling thebeer and brewing the beer at same time. And the government pays attention for the disadvantage. 2. E: economic forces, as the state of a trading economy in the short-term and long-term influencethe wealth of a population. The economic is including interest rates, inflation, and disposable income and product seasonality and so on.About the J D Wetherspoon plc, in the start of twenty first century, J D Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. The retail licensing marking had adapted to the changes in the ‘ tied house ' system and other retail pub chains likeInRnesgae n dt Punch Taverns had been developing their businesses.And the supermarket began selling drinks also have influence on the company.3. S: socio-cultural forces. Such as religion and demographics impact upon product design andspending by consumers. It includes lifestyle trends, education level, population demographics and social responsbilityIn the case, people more and more carefully to take attention on their health, so they began to reduce the wine drinking. Then J D Wetherspon plc develops a kind of low ethanol wine.4. T: technological forces, such as information technology influences production methods, andtransportation influences market penetration and product costs. It will include speed of introduction of new technologies, innovations/developments and consumer buying options and so on.In the case, with the technological develop; the beer can be bottled and selling in the market. Because of this, people aren n'ee t d to drink beer only in the pubs. This can decrease the sell share of the J D Wetherspoon.5. L: legal forces, such as product safety influences design, and trading practices influence howbusinesses conduct themselves in the market. It may include like employment law, healthy and safety, company law and consumer protection andso on.In the case, the government issued policies to limit the wine drinking, and the Mon opolies and Mergers Commissio n take a ruli ng about broke n the ‘ tiednouse system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. All of this legal force could have in flue nee on J D Wetherspo on.(b) .The analysis of the organization 'ternal and external strategic environment is referred to as a SWOT analysis SWOT is an acronym for strengths, weakness opportunities and threats. The SWOT analysis is a very popular tool with managers because it is quick and easy to lear n.S: in the case, J D Wetherspo on claimed that people are its best asset. 20% of senior man agers bega n as bar staff or clea ners. The compa ny provide lifelo ng trai ning and adopt he staff suggesti on, and com muni cate with them, J D Wetherspo on provide quiet en vir onment and the service are always satisfied the con sumer dema nd, all of these can protect the compa ny develop well. W: the food in pubs of J D Wetherspoon, it supports complimentary crisps with baguettes, this kind is bad for customers ' health and it didn ' t distinguish the hdegree, this might cause customer ' s disc onten ted for the J D Wetherspo on .It also doesn' t have children ' s meals. This will let the customers of adult u n icoirbye and it may because the children are hurt. All of these can loss the customers.O: J D Wetherspoonis managing he pub style as ‘ quiet But. now, it acquired the Lloyds pub cha in, J D Wetherspo on develop it as ano ther style. This kind of pub music dazed outlets with a much stron ger en terta inment eleme nt and show TV programs, this can attract much more customers. The company also begun develop ing budget hotel, this can develop ano ther market and in crease the profit of J D Wetherspo on.T: J D Wetherspo on faced many computers, like Rege nt Inns, Punch Taver ns and the supermarket.They will strive the share of market and the customer. The gover nment policy also in flue nces it.Like the limit of brew ing and drink beer in the cen tury of the city, this also can decrease the share of J D Wetherspo on.(c).Through a SWOT an alysis an orga ni zatio n can assess its curre nt positi on and make comparis ons with competitors in order to pla n activities and resources appropriately. It is the first stage of planning and helps managers to focus on key issues. It is importa nt remember whe n carry ing out a SWOT an alysis that it is not absolute.Simple rules for successful SWOT analysis like next:Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of the organization.Analysis should distinguish between where your organization is today, and where be in the future.Be specific. Avoid grey areas.Always analysis in relation to the competition.Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over-analysis.SWOT analysis is a kind of subjective and short term in its nature, so it can 't use toanalysis long-term situation.For example, when you analysis the opportunities, you can think about: where are the good opportunities available to our organization？Section 2:(a) .1. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that itis a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we d things here '. It acts as the social glue which holds the organization togeRtehseer.arch shows that the culture of an organization can significantly affect the way in which the company operates, particularly in terms of its effectiveness. Shared values become embodied in the organization 's ideology or philosophy and act as a quite to behavior and ways of dealing with anxiety.In J D Wetherspoon pubs, it says that people are its best asset. The company is satisfied the staff, so this is its organizational culture. It has a flexible training policy which enables people from all kinds of different backgrounds to join the company. It is committed to lifelong training and it provides staff with opportunities to gain relevant qualifications such as those offered by the British Institute of Innkeeping, 20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners.2. Basic assumptions at a very fundamental, almost subconscious, level tell employees how to perceive, think and feel about things. These are the elements of culture are unseen and not openly identified in the day-to-day interactions of the members of the organization. Culture elements at this level exist as ‘ unspokernules a'nd are rarely discussed within the organization. They direct the way events and actions are perceived and interpreted by the organization.In the case, J D Wetherspoon create a quarter of the space in each establishmentis non-smoking. (b) .A kind of recognized model of organizational culture is Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy. It is based on how quickly organizations receive or strategies and the level of risk that they take. Deal and Kennedy stated that these two factors gave rise to four generic types of cultures, which they called tough guy/macho culture, work hard/play hard culture, bet-the-company culture and process culture. Through the case, we can know Tim Martin is a ‘big imnahnis'company; he manages the company with hismind and idea, it company is include by the food industry, all the staff work hard every day, and then they will have a holiday for several days. So J D Wetherspoon is suit the tough work hard/pay hard culture.The work hard/pay hard culture 's core valukeeiesping good customer service. In the case,the company has a ‘ lifestyle guarantee ' which aims to give managers time for alife outside work. Another key aspect of the company' s operation is ‘ involvnedment a communication 'S.taffs are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of Board meetings. The company always pays highly attention to the staff and the customers, and the information 's high-speed recreation, and the company also does these suggestions quickly.(c).Culture is something every organization has, but it is not a concrete entity. The culture of an organization impacts upon how that organization reacts to change and it also explains what anorganizations stands for. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘ theway we do things here 'T.he founders of the organization have traditionally had a major impact on the organization 's early culture.Through the culture and the behaviors, in the company, the company built the pubs environment very quiet and let its staff work hard in several days and have a holiday in several days.So, a kind of culture will have a kind of behavior.(d) .The other type of Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy of recognized model of organizational culture is process culture; it is focus on details and process excellence. However, the stress may come from internal politics and stupidity of the system. This kind of culture has slow feedback/reward and low risk. As a food industry, it pays attention on the result about the customers satisfied. So it isn 't paying much atteon the details and process. If the company becomes the process culture, it will bog down with how things are done and not with what is to be achieved.Section 3:(a) In the Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), there are three strategies: cost leadership, differentiation and segmentation, niche or focus strategy.1. Cost leadership is a low cost leader---gain competitive advantage from being able to produce at thelowest cost---‘ costadvantage is the focuses 'th,e low cost doesn'mt ean low price---gain thebenefits. It in a broad market scope environment where it has a kind of substitute products and power competition.2. Differentiation is differentiated goods and services satisfy the needs of customers, and thecompanies can de-sensitize prices and focuses on value-higher price and a better margin. So it needs to incur additional costs in creating its competitive advantage. It in a broad market scope environment is in that the customers ' loyalty can help the company limited and reduce newentrants and competitors.3. The segmentation, niche or focus strategy is included cost focus and focus differentiation.The cost focus is a form aims at being the lows cost producer in that niche or segment, it in a narrow market scope environment like low cost than the differentiation in a niche.The focus differentiation is a firm creates competitive advantage through differentiation within the niche or segment. Its potential problems are small, specialist niches could disappear in the long term. Its associated environment is in the narrow market scope, you can use a specialproduct from the major developed market competitors who have different purposes.(b)In the case, during the1980s and 1990S the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. And it is developing a style that is quiet, healthy and satisfied environment. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. This style is more different with others.In our case, all of these we have said, during the 1980s and 1990s, J D Wetherspoon is a pub chain, it has many pubs, the company ' s aim is to manage the pub to satisfiedwith the customer, and it is always make its strategy in the pub chain, its all of actions like provide cheapbeer and non-smoking area and so on, which are all of set the main point to its pub manage style.So I advise that the company' s ituation is suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation. From the strategy, J D Wetherspoon gets more benefits; here I only identify four about it: the company builds its own style and brand, it has its own customer group, the expansion about share and scope is growing quickly, and the benefits are more than before.(c)stDuring the 21 century, J D Weterspoon was facing much mire competition, and through the government s'policy limited, its develop was decrease and slowly, then it begain to change its style and acquired others, it serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning, support the family dining area, show televised football and so on. The company also began to manage other area like the hotel.So it suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), segmentation, niche or focus strategy.During the1980s and 1990s, the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. It is Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.stDuring the 21 century, it also pays attention to the staff, but it try to change its style, manage motel, and the food what has provided.(b) when a company was changing business strategy, it must be considering the factors, so as J D Wetherspoon .Exterior environment: by the start of the twenty first century, because of the retail licensingmarket had adapt to the changes in the “tied house”system and other competitor had beenadapted it and developing their business. So JD Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. Many other competitors run the pub andreceive the pay rent, this situation lead to saturation of the pub market. So J D Wetherspoon needs to change its business strategy. Policy: during 2002-2004, government allows the supermarket began selling drinks, particularly premium larger, at loss-leader prices. This means that the pub can not compare with supermarket in price. On the other hand, government concern about binge drinking and the consequent ant special behaviors, particularly in city centers. This lead the decrease of new pub number and shares of J D Wetherspoon. They must to change to save their company.(e)(f)Key issues in the management of a business strategy like next:Market/industry knowledgeSufficiency of resources and capabilities Offering consumers'a unique value'perceived or real Establishing a key 'differentiator ' Consistent communication consistently Management mustkeep change feasible StructureRecognize the principal causes of strategic change.About the J D Wetherspoon, I will talk about two points:Consistent communication consistently. In the J D Wetherspoon, ‘movement and communication', staffs are keeping in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company videoand by publicizing the minutes of broad meeting. And J D Wetherspoon attend to listen to the staff voice, like their suggestions wetherspoon's ‘listening'policy is based on a system successfully pioneered by the hi-foreteller, richer sounds.Establishing a key ‘differentiator'. During the development and growth of the company, the company provide real ale beers at relatively low prices and care about child and disable, it build non-smoking area to keep health for the customers.Section 4:(a) Because of the two powers about restraining forces and driving forces take effect. The strategy of J D Wetherspoon changed over time. Through two forces of restraining is the force working against desired changes. And the other force of diving is the force of working for desired changes.If the diving force is stronger than restraining force, then the firm will be changing. The leader could compare the two forces, and consider the company need to change or not.Next we will talk about J D Wetherspoon's driving force and restraining forces.1. Driving forces: The increase competition, many competitors run pubs to rent the money.Government takes many police like concern about binge drinking, and thought itis anti-social behaviors.The changing market, the market appears to be over-supplied.2. Restraining forces: Inertia (habit) of the J D Wetherspoon, like their staff, they have habit to theirruler and management. They want the steady environment of work.Strength of culture in the J D Wetherspoon is very strong, the culture has astrong effect on J D Wetherspoon and its staff and its structure.(b)The big changes from business ethics is a mainly factor in the J D Wetherspoon. In the case, the government concern about binge drinking and think it is an anti-social behaviors, and it is particularly in the city canters. The situation of pub wasn 't been saw to be encouraging brings them bad policing. The event causes a bad effect on J D Wetherspoon.The bad influence on J D Wetherspoon about profit and shares and sales. Tim Martin now as an executive, he had give up his power through daily time. So the business ethics is very important factors for J D Wetherspoon.(c)The role of management of J D Wetherspoon dealing with the changes is like next: Establishing directions: developing a vision of the future often in the distant future, and strategies for producing the changes needed to achieve that vision. During the J D Wetherspoon's development andgrows, the firm sale bear in cheap price, take non-smoking area, provide television program and so on. All of these means J D Wetherspoon adopt the above behavior to reply change. Aligning people: communicating direction in words and deeds to all whose cooperation may be need so as to influence the creation of teams and coalitions that understand the vision and strategies and accept their validity. About the J D Wetherspoon, it communicates and knows about customers needs, then changes its business, like breakfast serving in the morning before normal time at 11:00 a.m.Motivating and inspiring: energizing people to overcome major political, bureaucratic and resource barriers to change by satisfying basic, but often unfulfilled, human needs. Monitoring organizing and results, through find the careless to solve the problems. The leader should fide out thedifference between J D Wetherspoon and others. It always needs to communication with people, know their needs and solve them, help them to adapt the changes in the company.。
商务文化与策略hnd
1.0 Section 11.1 PESTLPolitical: There was increasing public and government concern about binge drinkin g and the consequent antisocial behaviour, particularly in city centres. So that the Ma rtin is a noted euro-sceptic and in 2002 printed 500,000 beer mats and put up 10,000 t o save the pound.Economic: The supermarket began selling drinks. This result in people drinking at home and this company lose its competitive prices. So J D saved the pound. Social: J D Wetherspoon does not serve complimentary crisps with baguettes. Custom ers thought that the fried food is not healthy.Also, they began to reduce the wine drink ing. Then J D Wetherspon plc develops a kind of low ethanol wine. Technological: J D have plasma screens and can show TV programmers. There is a ventilation system (costing more than £100,000) which aims to ensure that customers do not leave smelling of smoke.Legal: The ‘tied house’ system had been broken by a ruling from the Monopolies cou ld operate. The government concern about binge drinking, so the pub need esta blish a range of rules. There was a law severely limited the number of pubs, so J D as a retailer stepped into market had gotten many advantages.1.2 SWOTStrength: The kids can eat in the bar parents. In addition, they lower the price of bee r sold to a wide range of real beer. Moreover, J D places great importance on listenin g to and acting on, it has two-way communication from members of staff on all aspect s of the business about the feedback.Weakness: J D cannot meet the social-culture even it did have TV screens and its peaceful motto is also no longer fitted. So that the pubs cannot solicit tho se customer like music or TV lover. In 2001, J D had long been a stock market fa vourite but the share price also fell.Opportunities: Pubs are not only provide breakfast, but also built a dedicated f amily dining area which make children and adults eat together. J D also begu n developing budget hotel, this can develop another market and increase the profit o f J D . J D used to have a clear idea that it can choose what sort of pubs it wished t o operate and combined them perfectly while the other operators cannot did this. Threat: There are more and more competitors, such as Regent Inns, Punch Taverns and the supermarkets. The market appears too many suppliers so that the marketing competition is become fierce. External environment will influence on J D through opportunity and threaten. Threat could use opportunities to make weakness become strength.1.3 Effect of SWOTGuidelines for SWOT Ana lysis: First, keep it simple. It’s important to focus on your organization. Moreover, be rooted in the now and don't get lost in the future. (http://www.ryerson.ca/~kjensen/strategic_planning/swot.html)With the change of time, the internal and external environment will change. So SWOT would change also. Strength and weakness belongs to internal which can analysis the internal information, and the opportunity and threaten belongs to external. Some strength, but also may be a weakness. So the organization should distinguish what is the strength or the weakness.A SWOT analysis is only be used for consulting, we couldn’t use SWOT analysis to make strategy. Opportunity and threaten can be founded in PESTEL that implies many factor of external environment.2.0 Section 22.1 Value of CultureOrganizational culture encompasses values and behaviors that "contribute to the unique social and psychological environment of an organization." (The Busines s Dictionary. Organizational culture 2015 ) In other words, culture is a kind of val ues and Shared a group of person take together constitute a surviving design standar d system.Shared value is a high-profile symbol, and a formal form. It can become embodied in the organization’s ideology or philosophy and act as a guid e to behavior and ways of dealing with anxiety, uncertainly and difficult events. The organizations need “share value”. From one part, it can help them to guide the behavior of employees and regulate the workers. On the other hand, “share value” is the ess ential part of organizational culture. Assumption value is low-profile symbol, informal form and unspoken rules. The basic assumptions at very fundamental, almost sub-conscious, level tell employees how to perceive, think and feel about things. Due to unseen and not openly identified in the day to day interactions, these factors also called as “unspoken rules”.In the case, pubs are commonly considered as socialize area, so the pubs always supply cheap food and comfortable communicating atmosphere. Even more when people have awareness of non-smoking, the pubs will set up a special area for non-smoking which meets the customer’s needs.2.2 Type of CultureDeal and Kennedy created a model of culture that is based on 4 different type s of organizations. They each focus on how quickly the organization receives f eedback, the way members are rewarded, and the level of risks taken: Work-ha rd, play-hard culture; Tough-guy macho culture; Process culture and Bet-the-co mpany culture. (/explanations/culture/deal_kennedy_culture.htm) The mode of Deal and Kennedy will be used in judging which type is fit for th is company. Through the case, we can found that Tim Martin manages the compa ny with his mind and idea, it company is include by the food industry, all the staff wor k hard every day, and then they will have a holiday for several days. So J D is suit th e work hard/play hard culture. They also have high level energy and customer-or ientation. J D provide lower prices of beer and good service, and maintenance. The company always pays highly attention to the staff and the customers, and the inf ormation’s high-speed recreation, the feedback will rapid.The employees always have high-speed actions which result in high-speed recreation activities. J D als o does these suggestions quickly. So the risk is low.2.3 Relationship between Behavior and CultureOrganizational Behavior is “the study of human behavior in organizational setti ngs, the interface between human behavior and the organization, and the organi zation itself” (Moorhead, G., & Griffin, R. W. /1995). Organisation behavior is the response of the system or organism to various stimuli or inputs, whether i nternal or external, conscious or subconscious, overt or covert, and voluntary orinvol untary. (Elizabeth,2014). The relationship between organisation behavior and org anisation culture is consistent relationship. In this case, there are numbers of id eas and suggestions are discussed each week in company meeting and staff are rewarded for their suggestion, staff can also discuss company issues with boar d members.2.4 Another culture typeAccording to DK model, J D could choose tough guy, which have higher risk and slower feedback than work hard/ play hard. J D can carry out more party to attract customer and take cost-advantage to confront competitor. And the type of tough guy mostly applies to this type of company which fast-moving financial and police forceor athletes competing in team sports, and they are focus on the present rather than on the longer-term future, they make more short-term decisions. As the drawing of Christmas Eve, J D can plan a activity to promote their product and service. So the feedback is rapid, and exist high risk. However, even the reward of tough guy is high, it also may result in stress of staff and has influence on the performance of employees.3.0 Section 33.1 Business strategyThe main strategies are classified into four types: cost leadership, differentiation, focus differentiation and penetration.Cost leadership: is a concept developed by Michael Porter, used in business strategy. It describes a way to establish the competitive advantage. Cost leadership means the lowest cost of operation in the industry（Stahl, Grigsby，1997）. The cost leadership is often driven by company efficiency, size, scale, scope and cumulative experience (learning curve). A cost leadership strategy aims to exploit scale of production, well defined scope and other economies, producing highly standardized products, using high technology. Business environment: strong competition and a threat of substitute products.Differentiation: is the process of distinguishing a product or service from others, to make it more attractive to a particular target market. This involves differentiating it from competitors' products as well as a firm's own products(Chamberlin, 1949). Business environment: The chosen basis for differentiation should be inherently difficult to imitate, and will probably need to be developed over time. It could reduce rivalry with competitors and improve customer loyalty.Focus differentiation: seeks a high price premium in return for a high degree of differentiation. It means focus on a well-defined and probably quite restricted market segment. Business environment: If the market was saturated, the focused differentiation could provide opportunities.Penetration: It measures the brand popularity. It is defined as the number of people who buy a specific brand or a category of goods at least once in a given period,divided by the size of the relevant market population(Farris, Bendle, Pfeifer, et al, 2010). Market penetration is one of the four growth strategies of the Product-Market Growth Matrix as defined byAnsoff. Business environment: In a stagnating market increase in sales cause there is only possible by grabbing market share from rivals.3.2 Strategy during the 1980s and 1990sDuring the 1980s and 1990s, J D Wetherspoon adopted the differentiation. In the case, J D Wetherspoon is a pub chain, which has many pubs. The company aims to manage the pub to satisfied with the customer, and it was always make its strategy in the pub chain, all actions of JD like provide cheap beer and non-smoking area and so on, which are all of set the main point to its pub manage style. During the1980s and 1990s, JD built non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. The company thinks that the stuffs are its best asset.There are four benefits if J D Wetherspoon choose the differentiation: the company build its own style and brand, form own customer group, the quick growing of expansion about share and scope, and the income is more than before.3.3 Strategy during the 21st centuryDuring the 21st century, J D Wetherspoon adopted the focus differentiation. In the case, they provided the differentiated products and services to meet the demands of customers. For instance, there are a dedicated family dining area, which children and adults can eat together. The different strategy could make the different effect to the organization structure, management style and organization culture.During the 1980s and 1990s the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon plc, instead of buying the other pubs. At that time, all the pubs’ style is same, so it could use the same management style. But in the 21st century, while it also pays attention to the staffs, it try to change its style, manage model and the food what has provided.3.4 Two factorsBefore changing the strategy, J D Wetherspoon may consider exterior environment and industry life cycle.Exterior environment: When the company can not adapt to the changes in the external environment, the strategic drift occurs. Strategic management involves the formulation and implementation of the major goals and initiatives taken by a company's top management on behalf of owners, based on consideration of resources and an assessment of the internal and external environments in which the organization competes (Nag R, Hambrick D C, Chen M J.,2007).During the 21st century, the retail licensing market had adapt to the changes in the ‘tied house’ system. Other pubs had been adapted it and developing their business. Therefore, there are much more competitors for JD. It led to the market saturation of pub. So J D Wetherspoon needs to change its business strategy.Industry life cycle: The stages are the same for all industries, yet industries cycle through the stages in various lengths of time. Even within the same industry, various firms may be at different life cycle stages. Strategies of a firm as well as of competitors vary depending on the stage of the life cycle. The growth of an industry's sales over time is used to chart the life cycle. The distinct stages of an industry life cycle are: introduction, growth, maturity, and decline (reference for business, 2013). When the industry development to maturity, the company should consider the change In this case, the pubs industry has entered a mature stage so that the competitors will be more and more. So J D Wetherspoon needs considering different product form other pubs to attract customers. J D Wetherspoon pubs now serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning before normal licensing hours begin at 11.00 a.m.3.5 Business strategy and strategic choiceBusiness strategy: A business strategy typically is a document that clearly articulates the direction a business will pursue and the steps it will take to achieve its goals. It facilitates enterprise to achieve competitive advantage in the market, and create morebenefits.Strategic choice: Choose one of the most appropriate strategies as the company's strategy. For any organization, it faces a lot of options strategy. So every organization must make a strategic choice about which strategy they need to follow or adopt.In the case, we can know that J D Wetherspoon adopted the differentiation as its business strategy during the 1980s and 1990s. It supplies special environment quiet, clean, non-smoking to others. During the development of pubs, the other pubs also became to do special environment like that. Then J D Wetherspoon began to serve breakfast, show World Cup football and so on, it also develop new brand like and begun developing budget hotel to change its strategy. All these process of strategy is its strategic choice, which from differentiation to focus on difference strategy choosing.3.6 Two key issuesBeing clear about the direction and the development of company: J D Wetherspoon known their development direction is to be distinctive and differentiation. It provides real ale beers at relatively low prices and care about child and disable, it build non-smoking area to keep health for the customers.Make ensure every staff aware of strategy：In this case, the staffs of J D Wetherspoon are keeping in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of broad meeting. And J D Wetherspoon attend to listen to the staff voice. This management method greatly help the company and employees with their exchanging ideas and suggestions.。
(完整word版)HND商务文化与策略
Assessment task 1Outcome coveredAll outcomes (1-5)Section 1:(a).The PESTEL analysis heading are a framework in which environmental influence are categorized into six main types: political, economic, socio-cultural, technological,, environmental and legal.1.P: political forces, as the political arena has a huge influence upon the regulationof business and the spending of consumers and other businesses. The political is including government stability, taxation policy, social welfare policies and the trade regulations.In our case of J D Wetherspoon plc, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. And the government pays attention for the disadvantage.2. E: economic forces, as the state of a trading economy in the short-term andlong-term influence the wealth of a population. The economic is including interest rates, inflation, and disposable income and product seasonality and so on.About the J D Wetherspoon plc, in the start of twenty first century, J D Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. The retail licensing marking had adapted to the changes in the ‘tied house’ system and other retail pub chains like Regent Inns an d Punch Taverns had been developing their businesses. And the supermarket began selling drinks also have influence on the company.3.S: socio-cultural forces. Such as religion and demographics impact upon productdesign and spending by consumers. It includes lifestyle trends, education level, population demographics and social responsbilityIn the case, people more and more carefully to take attention on their health, so they began to reduce the wine drinking. Then J D Wetherspon plc develops a kind of low ethanol wine.4.T: technological forces, such as information technology influences productionmethods, and transportation influences market penetration and product costs. It will include speed of introduction of new technologies, innovations/developments and consumer buying options and so on.In the case, with the technological develop, the beer can be bottled and selling in the market. Because of this, people isn’t need to drink beer only in the pubs. This can decrease the sell share of the J D Wetherspoon.5.L: legal forces, such as product safety influences design, and trading practicesinfluence how businesses conduct themselves in the market. It may include likeemployment law, healthy and safety, company law and consumer protection and so on.In the case, the government issued policies to limit the wine drinking, and the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. All of these legal force could have influence on J D Wetherspoon.(b).The analysis of the organization’s internal and external strategic environment is referred to as a SWOT analysis. SWOT is an acronym for strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. The SWOT analysis is a very popular tool with managersmanagers began as bar staff or cleaners. The company provide lifelong training and adopt he staff suggestion, and communicate with them, J D Wetherspoon provide quiet environment and the service are always satisfied the consumer demand, all of these can protect the company develop well.W: the food in pubs of J D Wetherspoon, it supports complimentary crisps with baguettes, this kind is bad for customers’ health and it didn’t distinguish the hot degree, this might cause customer’s discontented for the J D Wetherspoon. It also doesn’t have children’s meals. This will let the customers of adult unconvenient, and it may because the children are hurt. All of these can loss the customers.O:J D Wetherspoon is managing he pub style as ‘quiet’. But now, it acquired the Lloyds pub chain, J D Wetherspoon develop it as another style. This kind of pub’s music dazed outlets with a much stronger entertainment element and show TV programs, this can attract much more customers. The company also begun developing budget hotel, this can develop another market and increase the profit of J D Wetherspoon.T: J D Wetherspoon faced many computers, like Regent Inns, Punch Taverns and the supermarket. They will strive the share of market and the customer. The government policy also influences it. Like the limit of brewing and drink beer in the century of the city, this also can decrease the share of J D Wetherspoon. (c).Through a SWOT analysis an organization can assess its current position and makecomparisons with competitors in order to plan activities and resources appropriately. It is the first stage of planning and helps managers to focus on key issues. It is important remember when carrying out a SWOT analysis that it is not absolute. Simple rules for successful SWOT analysis like next:Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of the organization.Analysis should distinguish between where your organization is today, and where be in the future.Be specific. Avoid grey areas.Always analysis in relation to the competition.Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over-analysis. SWOT analysis is a kind of subjective and short term in its nature, so it can’t use to analysis long-term situation.For example, when you analysis the opportunities, you can think about: where are the good opportunities available to our organization？Section 2:(a).1. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. It acts as the social glue which holds the organization together. Research shows that the culture of an organization can significantly affect the way in which the company operates, particularly in terms of its effectiveness. Shared values become embodied in the organization’s ideology or philosophy and act as a quite to behav ior and ways of dealing with anxiety.In J D Wetherspoon pubs, it says that people are its best asset. The company is satisfied the staff, so this is its organizational culture. It has a flexible training policy which enables people from all kinds of different backgrounds to join the company. It is committed to lifelong training and it provides staff with opportunities to gain relevant qualifications such as those offered by the British Institute of Innkeeping, 20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners.2. Basic assumptions at a very fundamental, almost subconscious, level tell employees how to perceive, think and feel about things. These are the elements of culture are unseen and not openly identified in the day-to-day interactions of the member s of the organization. Culture elements at this level exist as ‘unspoken rules’ and are rarely discussed within the organization. They direct the way events and actions are perceived and interpreted by the organization.In the case, J D Wetherspoon create a quarter of the space in each establishment is non-smoking.(b).A kind of recognized model of organizational culture is Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy. It is based on how quickly organizations receive or strategies and the level of risk that they take. Deal and Kennedy stated that these two factors gave rise to four generic types of cultures, which they called tough guy/macho culture, work hard/play hard culture, bet-the-company culture and process culture. Through the case, we canknow Tim Martin is a ‘big man’ in his company; he manages the company with his mind and idea, it company is include by the food industry, all the staff work hard every day, and then they will have a holiday for several days. So J D Wetherspoon is suit the tough work hard/pay hard culture.The work hard/pay hard culture’s core value is keeping good customer service. In the case, the company has a ‘lifestyle guarantee’ which aims to give managers time for a life outside work. Another key aspect of the company’s operation is ‘invo lvement and communication’. Staffs are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of Board meetings. The company always pays highly attention to the staff and the customers, and the information’s high-speed recreation, and the company also does these suggestions quickly.(c).Culture is something every organization has, but it is not a concrete entity. The culture of an organization impacts upon how that organization reacts to change and it also explains what an organizations stands for. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. The founders of the organization have traditionally had a major impact on the organization’s early culture. Through the culture and the behaviors, in the company, the company built the pubs environment very quiet and let its staff work hard in several days and have a holiday in several days.So, a kind of culture will have a kind of behavior.(d).The other type of Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy of recognized model of organizational culture is process culture, it is focus on details and process excellence. However, the stress may come from internal politics and stupidity of the system. This kind of culture has slow feedback/reward and low risk. As a food industry, it pays attention on the result about the customers satisfied. So it isn’t paying much attention on the details and process. If the company becomes the process culture, it will bog down with how things are done and not with what is to be achieved.Section 3:(a)In the Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), there are three strategies: cost leadership, differentiation and segmentation, niche or focus strategy.1.Cost leadership is a low cost leader---gain competitive advantage from being ableto produce at the lowest cost---‘cost advantage is the focuses’, the low cost doesn’t mean low price---gain the benefits. It in a broad market scope environment where it has a kind of substitute products and power competition. 2.Differentiation is differentiated goods and services satisfy the needs of customers,and the companies can de-sensitize prices and focuses on value-higher price and a better margin. So it needs to incur additional costs in creating its competitive advantage. It in a broad market scope environment is in that the customers’loyalty can help the company limited and reduce new entrants and competitors. 3.The segmentation, niche or focus strategy is included cost focus and focusdifferentiation.The cost focus is a form aims at being the lows cost producer in that niche or segment, it in a narrow market scope environment like low cost than thedifferentiation in a niche.The focus differentiation is a firm creates competitive advantage through differentiation within the niche or segment. Its potential problems are small,specialist niches could disappear in the long term. Its associated environmentis in the narrow market scope, you can use a special product from the majordeveloped market competitors who have different purposes.(b)In the case, during the1980s and 1990S the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. And it is developing a style that is quiet, healthy and satisfied environment. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. This style is more different with others.In our case, all of these we have said, during the 1980s and 1990s, J D Wetherspoon is a pub chain, it has many pubs, the company’s aim is to manage the pub to satisfied with the customer, and it is always make its strategy in the pub chain, its all of actions like provide cheap beer and non-smoking area and so on, which are all of set the main point to its pub manage style.So I advise that the company’s situation is suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.From the strategy, J D Wetherspoon gets more benefits, here I only identify four about it: the company build its own style and brand, it has its own customer group, the expansion about share and scope is growing quickly, and the benefits is more than before.(c)During the 21st century, J D Weterspoon was facing much mire competition, and through the government’s policy limited, its develop was decrease and slowly, then it begain to change its style and acquired others, it serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning, support the family dining area, show televised football and so on. The company also began to manage other area like the hotel.So it suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), segmentation, niche or focus strategy.During the1980s and 1990s, the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. It is Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.During the 21st century, it also pays attention to the staff, but it try to change its style, manage motel, and the food what has provided.(d)When a company was changing business strategy, it must be considering the factors, so as J D Wetherspoon .Exterior environment: by the start of the twenty first century, because of the retail licensing market had adapt to the changes in the “tied house”system and other competitor had been adapted it and developing their business. So JD Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. Many other competitorsrun the pub and receive the pay rent, this situation lead to saturation of the pub market. So J D Wetherspoon needs to change its business strategy.Policy: during 2002-2004, government allows the supermarket began selling drinks, particularly premium larger, at loss-leader prices. This means that the pub can not compare with supermarket in price. On the other hand, government concern about binge drinking and the consequent ant special behaviors, particularly in city centers. This lead the decrease of new pub number and shares of case form. They must to change to save their company.(e)Strategy is many things like plan, pattern, position, ploy and perspective. As position, strategy is the stance organizations take. Organizations can choose to: be a specialist provider; be the low-cost provider and so on. In the case, we can know that: at first, it supplies special environment quiet, clean, non-smoking to others. During the development of pubs, they all became to do special environment like that. Then J D W began to serve breakfast, show World Cup football and so on, it also develop new brand like ” L N O”, and begun developing budget hotel as “Wetherlodges” to change its strategy, all these process of strategy from differentiation to focus on difference strategy choosing is its strategic choice. So the strategy choosing is a process.(f)Key issues in the management of a business strategy like next:Market/industry knowledgeSufficiency of resources and capabilitiesOffering consumers ’a unique value ’ perceived or realEstablishing a key ’differentiator’Consistent communication consistentlyManagement must keep change feasible and StructureRecognize the principal causes of strategic change.About the J D Wetherspoon, I will talk about two points:Consistent communication consistently. In the J D Wetherspoon, ‘movement and communication’, staffs are keeping in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of broad meeting.And J D Wetherspoon attend to listen to the staff voice, like their suggestions wetherspoon’s ‘listening’ policy is based on a system successfully pioneered by the hi-foreteller, richer sounds.Establishing a key ‘differentiator’. During the development and growth of the company, it provides real ale beers at relatively low prices and care about child and disable, it build non-smoking area to keep health for the customers.Section 4:(a)Because of the two powers about restraining forces and driving forces take effect. The strategy of J D Wetherspoon changed over time. Through two forces of restraining is the force working against desired changes. And the other force of diving is the force of working for desired changes.If the diving force is stronger than restraining force, then the firm will be changing. The leader could compare the two forces, and consider the company need to change or not.Next we will talk about J D Wetherspoon’s driving force and restraining forces.1.Driving forces: The increase competition, many competitors run pubs to rentthe money.Government takes many police like concern about bingedrinking, and thought it is anti-social behaviors.The changing market, the market appears to be over-supplied.2.Restraining forces: Inertia (habit) of the J D Wetherspoon, like their staff, theyhave habit to their ruler and management. They want the steadyenvironment of work.Strength of culture in the J D Wetherspoon is very strong, theculture has a strong effect on J D Wetherspoon and its staff andits structure.(b)The big changes from business ethics is a mainly factor in the J D Wetherspoon.In the case, the government concern about binge drinking and think it is an anti-social behaviors, and it is particularly in the city canters. The situation of pub wasn’t been saw to be encouraging brings them bad policing. The event causes a bad effect on J D Wetherspoon.The bad influence on J D Wetherspoon about profit and shares and sales. Tim Martin now as an executive, he had give up his power through daily time. So the business ethics is very important factors for J D Wetherspoon.(c)The role of management of J D Wetherspoon dealing with the changes is like next:Establishing directions: developing a vision of the future often in the distant future, and strategies for producing the changes needed to achieve that vision.During the J D Wetherspoon’s development and grows, the firm sale bear in cheap price, take non-smoking area, provide television program and so on. All of these means J D Wetherspoon adopt the above behavior to reply change.Aligning people: communicating direction in words and deeds to all whose cooperation may be need so as to influence the creation of teams and coalitions that understand the vision and strategies and accept their validity. About the J D Wetherspoon, it communicates and knows about customers needs, then change its business, like breakfast serving in the morning before normal time at 11:00 a.m.Motivating and inspiring: energizing people to overcome major political, bureaucratic and resource barriers to change by satisfying basic, but often unfulfilled, human needs. Monitoring organizing and results, through find the careless to solve the problems. The leader should fide out the difference between J D Wetherspoon and others. It always needs to communication with people, know their needs and solve them, help them to adapt the changes in the company.(d)I will give some suggestions to J D Wetherspoon’s management, in order to help them analysis a change situation. I am introducing the three-step conceptual framework from Kurt Lewin to management. He has introduced the three-step change model in 1951 and has agreed the change that should be involved and concerned with the three stages and the individuals.The three stages like next:Unfreezing the present. Reducing the forces maintaining the organization in its present situation. Recognizing the need for change and important.In this stage, management need let their employees know the importance ofthe change. In the 21th centaury of the case of J D Wetherspoon, it faced more competition. Some other retail pub chains had been developing their business,and some of the pub are increasing the market appears to be over-supplied.The government limited the drinking and the consequent anti-social behavior.In a word, the market share, profit and sales are decreasing. So the company needs to change.Moving to the new level. Shifting the behavior of the organization to a new level by encouraging staff to adopt mew behavior and attitudes. The implementation of the change.In this stage, the employee needs to accept the mew business culture with the management’s help. Leader can use motivate methods to encourage employees say yes to the change. For instance, they can give rewards toemployees, or so benefits. About J D Wetherspoon, it has some changes like: most pubs have a dedicated family dining area where children and theirparents can eat together, and the pub began to serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning, and pubs start to show TV program and the television football, and so on.Refreezing the new level. Stabilizing the organization in its new state of equilibrium by, for example, establishing a new culture or new structure that reinforces the change.In this stage, the behavior and attitudes of the employees needs managers’force to treat and adapt the new culture, and monitor is essential. Managers need to ensure the business changes’attitudes and concepts and the new business culture. The company of this case should adapt a number of methods to strength change and achieve fully implement the change.If it needs ensure the successful about fully implement change. We need adapt Kotter and Schlesinger’s management style in order to dealing with the resistance to change.Education and communication. In this method, leader needn’t presume the information and knowledge and passed downward through the organization automatically, on the other hand, they should communicate with the employee in every stage of change. In J D Wetherspoon, it adopts a key aspect of operation about “involvement and communication”. Employees always keep touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of board meetings. J D Wetherspoon does well in the acting and listening for their business. J D Wetherspoon can effectively use the method to communicate with staffs.In education aspects, J D Wetherspoon need set train classes for employees to improve the themselves, and ensure that staffs could adapt the new business culture and structures. In order to reduce the feel of worry, then will positive to change. Staffs clear up any misunderstandings and receive the full facts, the resistance will subside.Participation: the leader should let the employees to consultation process, and ensure them could obtain enough information of change. The manager also take them know they are valued; their opinion is valued for the company. This situation can ensure their information is right and immediate, and ensure the combat rumor and effectively combat employees feel they have lake of information and communication. So it is difficult for individuals to resist change the idea in which they have participated.。
HND 商务文化策略 1
A Report on Business Culture and Strategy Prepared by Zhang ChenPrepared for Tang YanStudent Number : 135139793Date: May 11, 2013Content1.0 Introduction2.0 Findings2.1 Four Forces and PEST Analysis2.2 SWOT Analysis2.3 Guidelines for SWOT Analysis2.4 Organization Culture2.5 Handy's Four Cultural Types2.6 Deal and Kennedy's Culture Quadrants2.7 the Relationship between Organization Culture and Behavior3.0 Conclusion4.0 Reference1.0 IntroductionAlphabet Games is software games development company which is based in Scotland and formed in 2001 by three friends. In this case, we can find that Business Culture and Strategy of Alphabet Games.2.0 Findings2.1 Four Forces and PEST AnalysisPolitical FactorIt's basically to what degree the government intervenes in the economy and includes tax policy, labor law, environmental law, trade restrictions, tariffs, political stability and goods and services which the government wants to provide or be provided. Some countries are prohibited to import too many outlandish games products at home. And there are many policies which is aimed to avoid teenager being addicted to games. In the UK, there is taxation, employment and safety law, cooperate tax decrease of 2%. So there are both opportunities and challenges among political factors.Economic FactorIt includes interest rates, exchange rates, economic growth, and the inflation rate. For the world video gaming industry, this is predicted to record 9% yearly growth through 2013, mobile and online gaming formats will capture the market because customers can make the most of wider, faster and more mobile network connections. Because of the financial crisis, the unemployment rates are heading up. And consumers' expenditure ability is falling due to the disposable income; people may not have enough money to afford the cost of play games so it is a bad sign for Alphabet Games' progress.Social FactorIt includes the cultural aspects, health consciousness, population growth rate, age distribution, career attitudes and emphasis on safety. Most teenagers are fond of games in UK. What's more, with the change of English teenager’s lifestyle, it also may have impact in games market. The reason is that many people chose play gamesuse their spare times. It will influence in Alphabet Games' market choose. Technological FactorIt includes technological aspects such as R&D activity, automation, technology incentives and the rate of technological change. The technology of video games in marketing is changed abruptly and the technology costs have risen most sharply.2.2 SWOT AnalysisSWOT analysis is to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats involved in a project or in a business venture. Setting the objective should be done after the SWOT analysis has been performed. This would allow achievable goals or objectives to be set for the organization. Strengths and weaknesses are internal factors for the business and opportunities and threats are external factors.2.3 Guidelines for SWOT AnalysisSWOT analysis is essential to a company, the senior managers of AG must make decides based on the result of SWOT analysis. There are some rules for successful SWOT analysis.Analysis should distinguish between where your organization is today, and where it could be in the future. Only understand the distance and differences between the present condition and future, the company can improve the defect compared with the future and seek solution to improve it. With the changes of the market environment and the industry, the manager must predict the company’s future and set a goal, encourage all the staff work hard to approach this goal step by step from today.Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of the organization. Only the manager understand the company’s strengths and weakness, and be realistic, the result of the SWOT analysis can be useful for the decide-making.Be specific, avoid grey areas. Many factors influent the development of AG, regardless it is important or unimportant, the analysis must be specific. Every factor is very important, so the analysis should be comprehensive, and understanding it thoroughly. And all the factors should be considered, don’t leave out one factor. Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over-analysis. Even though the result of SWOT analysis need be specific, it doesn’t mean over-detailed and long report. The result of SWOT analysis will be seen by many managers and employees, they need the information be short and simple, they don’t need the process of the analysis, but just the final result. What’s more, complex analysis result will take much time to understand it and low the working efficiency. So keep it simple and easy to understanding.As a senior manager of Alphabet Games, he should set the goal that maximize strengths and minimize weaknesses in order to seize opportunities and move threats. And there are some simple rules for managers to get successful SWOT analysis. First, analysts must be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of Alphabet Games. Then, it is significant to know about the present situation of Alphabet Games and what it could become in the future. Thirdly, analysts have to be intelligent about professional knowledge so it would avoid making mistakes. Then, it is also significant to know myself as well as enemy, so manager should always need to compared with other competitors and know what are their strengths and weaknesses. Last but not least, SWOT should be short, simple and logical.2.4 Organization CultureOrganization culture is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or the way we do things here. Culture is a symbol of organization which discriminated from another. The organization culture would have significantly effect on the company.Espoused value is a belief that points the member’s problem then to solve it. It is a system that offers the direction of members and strives and principle of daily work.Technology and consumer needs decide future of the company. Ensuring the innovation, quality, the excellence of goods and service are the basis on growth of the business. In Alphabet Game, staff should share the common value that encourage the innovation, increase the quality and strive for the excellences about the software games. So the company will win the great reputation and brand.Basis underlying assumption is invisible, it is an unwritten or unspoken rule but every member in the organization have common subconscious to ensure them keep consistency. When company recruits some new staff, they need be enthusiastic and high-grade. This is an underlying principles that always been a minimum requirement among staff. Members all use it screen candidates. Through the screening, Alphabet Game would have some high-grade staff then they can ensure the technical of company work well and develop well.The main difference between shared value and basic assumption is that the shared value is delivered by managers and can be described and written down. While basic assumptions is automatically appear and can’t be described clearly and only can be felt.2.5 Handy's Four Cultural TypesTask culture is most suitable for Alphabet Game. This culture is job-or project-oriented type. In this culture, every staff is the experts in his area and come together for task, and each one has own specific responsibility. Alphabet Game could offer booking system then it could be tread as a task. When customers have some custom-made software, the staff will arrange some specialized people to help the customer solve the software problem. It is very suitable to need staff to be enthusiastic, high-grade, enthusiastic and responsible to their task of quality and excellence for Alphabet task culture. Alphabet Game could divide staff into some groups; each group would have them specialized skills aiming to help different customers seek their suitable and capable group service. This method could help the staff exercise the capacity, innovation and technology.2.6 Deal and Kennedy's Culture QuadrantsThe change of environment will result in the change of the organization culture. In Deal and Kennedy's culture quadrants, work hard/ play hard culture is most suitable for Alphabet Game’s. This culture encourage the staff completed the low risk task and has rapid feedback. As a software company, Alphabet Game need immediately feedback, high speed action often leads to high speed recreation activities. Managers encourage the staff to solve the customized software problem. As high-quality customer service organization, the staffs also have some stress that comes from the amount of work. This culture will attract staff to create the most of sale and increase the company profit. Due to the reward or entertainment of staff, they have most passion to work. When company develop into this culture, the manager will most focus on motive staff to succeed by meeting target, and it need have some reward to encourage them.2.7 the Relationship between Organization Culture and Behavior Organization culture is consistent with organization behavior, in other words, what organization culture the company selected determined the organization behavior. Organizational culture can guide the behaviors while the behavior can influence the organizational culture. Culture and behavior are consistently and inseparable.Due to Alphabet Game select the work hard / play hard culture so they need staff to be enthusiastic and high-grade. Organization culture could help promote the business target achieve. Work hard/ play hard culture also would help the company ensure the pursuit of innovation, quality and excellence and the staff would develop their skill, innovation to meet the each customer's needs, and help them solve the software problem. This enables the business to grow and succeed through challenging.The organizational culture and the organizational behavior are used to serve the development of the organization; they are management tool for enterprises. Organizational culture influent the organizational behavior, organizational culture canbe seen the guidance for organizational behavior. These are only a few of the factors of organizational culture that affect organizational behavior and vice versa. The two influence each other, and often times the culture will help to dictate the behavior, and the behavior will come back around to reinforce the organizational culture. The relationship between culture and organizational behavior is undeniable.3.0 ConclusionIf a company wants to develop successful, it not only need to pay attention to the external economic environment and competitors, but also need to analysis the company’s advantages and disadvantages, and realize the importance of the organizational culture.4.0 ReferenceStrati, A. (1999) Organization and Aesthetics London (UK): SageFredric M. Jablin, Linda Putnam (2000). The new handbook of organization/culture-and-organizational-behavior.html /articles/organizational-culture-and-behavior.html/wiki/Organizational_behavior。
HND商务文化策略答案
HND商务文化策略答案商务文化策略是指企业在开展国际商务活动时，根据不同国家或地区的文化差异，制定相应的策略，以适应当地的商务环境，促进商务合作的顺利进行。
本文将围绕HND商务文化策略展开讨论，并提供相关的答案。
一、HND商务文化策略的重要性和意义商务文化策略对于企业的国际化经营至关重要。
不同国家或地区的商务文化差异可能涉及礼仪、沟通方式、商务谈判方式、商务合作模式等方面。
如果企业没有针对性地制定商务文化策略，可能会导致沟通不畅、误解增多、商务谈判失败等问题，从而影响企业的国际业务发展。
因此，制定HND商务文化策略是企业成功开展国际商务活动的关键之一。
二、HND商务文化策略的制定步骤1. 了解目标国家或地区的商务文化特点：包括礼仪、沟通方式、商务谈判方式、商务合作模式等方面的特点。
可以通过研究相关文献、咨询专业机构或当地人士等方式获取信息。
2. 分析目标国家或地区的商务文化对企业的影响：通过分析商务文化对企业的影响，确定企业在目标国家或地区的商务活动中需要重点关注的方面。
例如，某些国家重视面子文化，企业在与当地合作伙伴交往时需要注重尊重对方的面子。
3. 制定适应性的商务文化策略：根据目标国家或地区的商务文化特点，制定适应性的商务文化策略。
例如，如果目标国家注重礼仪，企业可以培训员工相关礼仪知识，以确保在商务交往中表现得体。
4. 实施商务文化策略并不断优化：将制定的商务文化策略付诸实施，并根据实际情况进行不断优化。
企业可以通过与当地合作伙伴的密切合作、反馈机制的建立等方式，了解策略的有效性，并及时进行调整。
三、HND商务文化策略的案例分析以某企业在进军中国市场为例，制定HND商务文化策略的具体步骤如下：1. 了解中国商务文化特点：中国商务文化注重人际关系，礼仪要求较高，商务谈判中注重长期合作关系的建立等。
2. 分析中国商务文化对企业的影响：中国商务文化对企业的影响主要体现在建立人际关系的重要性、礼仪的要求、商务谈判的方式等方面。
商务文化与策略hnd82392(20200825074416)
1.0 Section 11.1 PESTLPolitical: There was increasing public and government concern about binge drinkin g and the consequent antisocial behaviour, particularly in city centres. So that the Ma rtin is a noted euro-sceptic and in 2002 printed 500,000 beer mats and put up 10,000 t o save the pound. Economic: The supermarket began selling drinks. This result in people drinking at home and this company lose its competitive prices.So J D saved the pound.Social: J D Wetherspoon does not serve complimentary crisps with baguettes. Custom ers thought that the fried food is not healthy.Also, they began to reduce the wine drink ing. Then J D Wetherspon plc develops a kind of low ethanol wine.Technological: J D have plasma screens and can show TV programmersT. here is a ventilation system (costing more than 100,000) which aims to ensure that customers do not leave smelling of smoke.Legal: The ' tiehouse'system had been broken by a ruling from the Monopolies cou ld operate. The government concern about binge drinking, so the pub need esta blish a range of rules. There was a law severely limited the number of pubs, so J D as a retailer stepped into market had gotten many advantages.1.2 SWOTStrength: The kids can eat in the bar parents. In addition, they lower the price of bee r sold to a wide range of real beer.Moreover, J D places great importance on listenin g to and acting on, it has two-way communication from members of staff on all aspect s of the business about the feedback.Weakness: J D cannot meet the social-culture even it did have TV screens and its peaceful motto is also no longer fitted. So that the pubs cannot solicit tho se customer like music or TV lover. In 2001, J D had long been a stock market fa vourite but the share price also fell.Opportunities: Pubs are not only provide breakfast, but also built a dedicated f amily diningarea which make children and adults eat together. J D also begu n developing budget hotel, this can develop another market and increase the profit o f J D . J D used to have a clear idea that it can choose what sort of pubs it wished t o operate and combined them perfectly while the other operators cannot did this.Threat: There are more and more competitors, such as Regent Inns, Punch Taverns and the supermarkets. The market appears too many supplier s o that the marketing competition is become fierce. External environment will influence on J D through opportunity and threaten. Threat could use opportunities to make weakness become strength.1.3 Effect of SWOTGuidelines for SWOT Analysis: First, keep it simple. It ' s important to focus on your organization. Moreover, be rooted in the now and don't get lost in the future.(http://www.ryerson.ca/~kjensen/strategic_planning/swot.html)With the change of time, the internal and external environment will change. So SWOT would change also. Strength and weakness belongs to internal which can analysis the internal information, and the opportunity and threaten belongs to external.Some strength, but also may be a weakness. So the organization should distinguish what is the strength or the weakness.A SWOT analysis is only be used for consulting, wecouldn 'use SWOT analysis to make strategy. Opportunity and threaten can be founded in PESTEL that implies many factor of external environment.2.0 Section 22.1 Value of CultureOrganizational culture encompassesvalues and behaviors that "contribute to the unique social and psychological environment of an organization." (The Busines s Dictionary. Organizational culture 2015 ) In other words, culture is a kind of val ues and Shared a group of person take together constitute a surviving design standar d system.Shared value is a high-profile symbol, and a formal form. It can become embodied in theorganization ' s ideology or philosophy and act as a guide to behaviorayscbW dealing with anxiety, uncertainly and difficult events. The organizations need value ” From one part, it can help them to guide the behavior of employees and regulate the workers. On the other hand, “share/alue ” is the essential part of organizational culture. Assumption value is low-profile symbol, informal form and unspoken rules. The basic assumptions at very fundamental, almost sub-conscious, level tell employees how to perceive, think and feel about things. Due to unseenand not openly identified in the day to day interactions, these factors also called as unspoken rules”.In the case, pubs are commonly considered as socialize area, so the pubs always supply cheap food and comfortable communicating atmosphere. Even more when people have awareness of non-smoking, the pubs will set up a special area for non-smoking which meets the customer ' s needs.2.2 Type of CultureDeal and Kennedy created a model of culture that is based on 4 different type s of organizations. They each focus on how quickly the organization receives f eedback, the way members are rewarded, and the level of risks taken: Work-ha rd, play-hard culture; Tough-guy macho culture; Process culture and Bet-the-co mpany culture. (/explanations/culture/deal_kennedy_cultur e.htm) The mode of Deal and Kennedy will be used in judging which type is fit for th is company. Through the case, we can found that Tim Martin manages the compa ny with his mind and idea, it company is include by the food industry, all the staff wor k hard every day, and then they will have a holiday for several days. So J D is suit th e work hard/play hard culture. They also have high level energy and customer-or ientation. J D provide lower prices of beer and good service, and maintenance.The company always pays highly attention to the staff and the customers, and the inf ormation ' high-speed recreation, the feedback will rapid.The employees always have high-speed actions which result in high-speed recreation activities. J D als o does these suggestions quicklySo the risk is low.2.3 Relationship between Behavior and CultureOrganizational Behavio r is “thestudy of human behavior in organizational setti ngs, the interface between human behavior and the organization, and the organi zation itself (Moorhead, G., & Griffin, R. W. /1995). Organisation behavior is the response of the system or organism to various stimuli or inputs, whether i nternal or external, conscious or subconscious, overt or covert,and voluntary orinvol untary. (Elizabeth,2014). The relationship between organisation behavior and org anisation culture is consistent relationship. In this case, there are numbers of id eas and suggestions are discussed each week in company meeting and staff are rewarded for their suggestion, staff can also discuss company issues with boar d members.2.4 Another culture typeAccording to DK model, J D could choose tough guy, which have higher risk and slower feedback than work hard/ play hard. J D can carry out more party to attract customer and take cost-advantage to confront competitor. And the type of tough guy mostly applies to this type of company which fast-moving financial and police force or athletes competing in team sports, and they are focus on the present rather than on the longer-term future, they make more short-term decisions. As the drawing of Christmas Eve, J D can plan a activity to promote their product and service. So the feedback is rapid, and exist high risk. However, even the reward of tough guy is high, it also may result in stress of staff and has influence on the performance of employees.3.0 Section 33.1 Business strategyThe main strategies are classified into four types: cost leadership, differentiation, focus differentiation and penetration.Cost leadership: is a concept developed by Michael Porter, used in business strategy. It describes a way to establish the competitive advantage. Cost leadership means the lowest cost of operation in the industry (Stahl, Grigsby, 1997) . The cost leadership is often driven by company efficiency, size, scale, scope and cumulative experience (learning curve). Acost leadership strategy aims to exploit scale of production, well defined scope and other economies, producing highly standardized products, using high technology. Business environment: strong competition and a threat of substitute products.Differentiation: is the process of distinguishing a product or service from others, to make it more attractive to a particular target market. This involves differentiating it from competitors' products as well as a firm's own products(Chamberlin, 1949). Business environment: The chosen basis for differentiation should be inherently difficult to imitate, and will probably need to be developed over time. It could reduce rivalry with competitors and improve customer loyalty.Focus differentiation: seeks a high price premium in return for a high degree of differentiation. It means focus on a well-defined and probably quite restricted market segment. Business environment: If the market was saturated, the focused differentiation could provide opportunities.Penetration: It measures the brand popularity. It is defined as the number of people who buy a specific brand or a category of goods at least once in a given period, divided by the size of the relevant market population(Farris, Bendle, Pfeifer, et al, 2010). Market penetration is one of the four growth strategies of the Product-Market Growth Matrix as defined byAnsoff. Business environment: In a stagnating market increase in sales cause there is only possible by grabbing market share from rivals.3.2 Strategy during the 1980s and 1990sDuring the 1980s and 1990s, J D Wetherspoon adopted the differentiation. In the case, J D Wetherspoon is a pub chain, which has many pubs. The company aims to manage the pub to satisfied with the customer, and it was always make its strategy in the pub chain, all actions of JD like provide cheap beer and non-smoking area and so on, which are all of set the main point to its pub manage style. During the1980s and 1990s, JD built non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. The company thinks that the stuffs are its best asset.There are four benefits if J D Wetherspoon choose the differentiation: the company buildits own style and brand, form own customer group, the quick growing of expansion about share and scope, and the income is more than before.3.3 Strategy during the 21st centuryDuring the 21st century, J D Wetherspoon adopted the focus differentiation. In the case, they provided the differentiated products and services to meet the demands of customers. For instance, there are a dedicated family dining area, which children and adults can eat together. The different strategy could make the different effect to the organization structure, management style and organization culture.During the 1980s and 1990s the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon plc, instead of buying the other pubs. At that time, all the pubs' style is same, so it could use the same management style. But in the 21st century, while it also pays attention to the staffs, it try to change its style, manage model and the food what has provided.3.4 Two factorsBefore changing the strategy, J D Wetherspoon may considerexterior environment and industry life cycle.Exterior environment: When the company can not adapt to the changes in the external environment, the strategic drift occurs. Strategic management involves the formulation and implementation of the major goals and initiatives taken by a company's top management on behalf of owners, based on consideration of resources and an assessment of the internal and external environments in which the organization competes (Nag R, Hambrick D C, Chen M J.,2007).During the 21st century, the retail licensing market had adapt to the changes in the'tiehouse'system. Other pubs had been adapted it and developing their business. Therefore, there are much more competitors for JD. It led to the market saturation of pub. So J D Wetherspoon needs to change its business strategy.Industry life cycle: The stages are the same for all industries, yet industries cycle throughthe stages in various lengths of time. Even within the same industry, various firms may be at different life cycle stages. Strategies of a firm as well as of competitors vary depending on the stage of the life cycle. The growth of an industry's sales over time is used to chart the life cycle. The distinct stages of an industry life cycle are: introduction, growth, maturity, and decline (reference for business, 2013). When the industry development to maturity, the company should consider the change In this case, the pubs industry has entered a mature stage so that the competitors will be more and more. So J D Wetherspoon needs considering different product form other pubs to attract customers. J D Wetherspoon pubs now serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning before normal licensing hours begin at 11.00 a.m.3.5 Business strategy and strategic choiceBusiness strategy: A business strategy typically is a document that clearly articulates the direction a business will pursue and the steps it will take to achieve its goals. It facilitates enterprise to achieve competitive advantage in the market, and create morebenefits.Strategic choice: Choose one of the most appropriate strategies as the company's strategy. For any organization, it faces a lot of options strategy. So every organization must make a strategic choice about which strategy they need to follow or adopt.In the case, we can know that J D Wetherspoon adopted the differentiation as its business strategy during the 1980s and 1990s. It supplies special environment quiet, clean, non-smoking to others. During the development of pubs, the other pubs also became to do special environment like that. Then J D Wetherspoon began to serve breakfast, show World Cup football and so on, it also develop new brand like and begun developing budget hotel to change its strategy. All these process of strategy is its strategic choice, which from differentiation to focus on difference strategy choosing.3.6 Two key issuesBeing clear about the direction and the development of company: J D Wetherspoon knowntheir development direction is to be distinctive and differentiation. It provides real ale beers at relatively low prices and care about child and disable, it build non-smoking area to keep health for the customers.Make ensure every staff aware of strategy In this case, the staffs of J D Wetherspoon are keeping in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of broad meeting. And J D Wetherspoon attend to listen to the staff voice. This management method greatly help the company and employees with their exchanging ideas and suggestions.。
HND商务文化与策略
Assessment task 1Outcome coveredAll outcomes (1-5)Section 1:(a).The PESTEL analysis heading are a framework in which environmental influence are categorized into six main types: political, economic, socio-cultural, technological,, environmental and legal.1.P: political forces, as the political arena has a huge influence upon the regulationof business and the spending of consumers and other businesses. The political isincluding government stability, taxation policy, social welfare policies and thetrade regulations.In our case of J D Wetherspoon plc, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take aruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. And the government pays attention for the disadvantage.2. E: economic forces, as the state of a trading economy in the short-term andlong-term influence the wealth of a population. The economic is including interestrates, inflation, and disposable income and product seasonality and so on.About the J D Wetherspoon plc, in the start of twenty first century, J D Wetherspoonwas facing much more competition. The retail licensing marking had adapted to theInns andchanges in the ‘tied house’ system and other retail pub chains like RegentPunch Taverns had been developing their businesses. A nd the supermarket beganselling drinks also have influence on the company.3.S: socio-cultural forces. Such as religion and demographics impact upon productdesign and spending by consumers. It includes lifestyle trends, education level,population demographics and social responsbilityIn the case, people more and more carefully to take attention on their health, so theybegan to reduce the wine drinking. Then J D Wetherspon plc develops a kind of lowethanol wine.4.T: technological forces, such as information technology influences productionmethods, and transportation influences market penetration and product costs. Itwill include speed of introduction of new technologies, innovations/developmentsand consumer buying options and so on.In the case, with the technological develop, the beer can be bottled and selling in themarket. Because o f this, people isn’t need to drink beer only in the pubs. This candecrease the sell share of the J D Wetherspoon.5.L: legal forces, such as product safety influences design, and trading practicesinfluence how businesses conduct themselves in the market. It may include likeemployment law, healthy and safety, company law and consumer protection and so on.In the case, the government issued policies to limit the wine drinking, and the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. All of these legal force could have influence on J D Wetherspoon.(b).The analysis of the organization’sinternal and external strategic environment is referred to as a SWOT analysis. SWOT is an acronym for strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. The SWOT analysis is a very popular tool with managers because it is quick and easy to learn.SWOT analysis for J D WethersponInternal Strength:1.Staff.2.Good service andenvironment. Weaknesses:1.Food.2.Service for children.External Opportunities:1.Different pub brand.2.Developing budget hotel. Threats:1. Other pubs compete.2. Government policy.S: in the case, J D Wetherspoon claimed that people are its best asset. 20% of seniormanagers began as bar staff or cleaners. The company provide lifelong training andadopt he staff suggestion, and communicate with them, J D Wetherspoon providequiet environment and the service are always satisfied the consumer demand, all ofthese can protect the company develop well.W: the food in pubs of J D Wetherspoon, it supports complimentary crisps with baguettes, this kind is bad for customers’ health and it didn’t distinguish the h degree, this might cause customer’s discontented for the J D Wetherspoon. It alsodoesn’t have children’s meals. This will let the customers of adultunconvenient, and it may because the children are hurt. All of these can loss the customers.O:J D Wetherspoon i s managing he pub style as ‘quiet’.But now, it acquired the Lloyds pub chain, J D Wetherspoon develop it as another style. This kind of pubmusic dazed outlets with a much stronger entertainment element and show TVprograms, this can attract much more customers. The company also begundeveloping budget hotel, this can develop another market and increase the profitof J D Wetherspoon.T: J D Wetherspoon faced many computers, like Regent Inns, Punch Taverns and the supermarket. They will strive the share of market and the customer. Thegovernment policy also influences it. Like the limit of brewing and drink beer inthe century of the city, this also can decrease the share of J D Wetherspoon.(c).Through a SWOT analysis an organization can assess its current position and makecomparisons with competitors in order to plan activities and resources appropriately.It is the first stage of planning and helps managers to focus on key issues. It isimportant remember when carrying out a SWOT analysis that it is not absolute.Simple rules for successful SWOT analysis like next:Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of the organization.Analysis should distinguish between where your organization is today, and wherebe in the future.Be specific. Avoid grey areas.Always analysis in relation to the competition.Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over-analysis.SWOT analysis is a kind of subjective and short term in its nature, so it can’t use analysis long-term situation.For example, when you analysis the opportunities, you can think about: where are thegood opportunities available to our organization？Section 2:(a).1. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that itis a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we dResearchthings here’. It acts as the social glue which holds the organization together.shows that the culture of an organization can significantly affect the way in which thecompany operates, particularly in terms of its effectiveness. Shared values becomeiorembodied in the organization’s ideology or philosophy and act as a quite to behavand ways of dealing with anxiety.In J D Wetherspoon pubs, it says that people are its best asset. The company issatisfied the staff, so this is its organizational culture. It has a flexible training policywhich enables people from all kinds of different backgrounds to join the company. Itis committed to lifelong training and it provides staff with opportunities to gainrelevant qualifications such as those offered by the British Institute of Innkeeping,20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners.2. Basic assumptions at a very fundamental, almost subconscious, level tellemployees how to perceive, think and feel about things. These are the elements ofculture are unseen and not openly identified in the day-to-day interactions of themember s of the organization. Culture elements at this level exist as ‘unspoken r and are rarely discussed within the organization. They direct the way events andactions are perceived and interpreted by the organization.In the case, J D Wetherspoon create a quarter of the space in each establishment i snon-smoking.(b).A kind of recognized model of organizational culture is Terrence Deal and AllanKennedy. It is based on how quickly organizations receive or strategies and the levelof risk that they take. Deal and Kennedy stated that these two factors gave rise to fourgeneric types of cultures, which they called tough guy/macho culture, work hard/playhard culture, bet-the-company culture and process culture. Through the case, we canknow Tim Martin is a ‘big man’ in his company; he manages the company with hismind and idea, it company is include by the food industry, all the staff work hardevery day, and then they will have a holiday for several days. So J D Wetherspoon issuit the tough work hard/pay hard culture.keeping good customer service. In theThe work hard/pay hard culture’s core value iscase, t he company has a ‘lifestyle guarantee’ which aims to give managers time for alvement andlife outside work. Another key aspect of the company’s operation is ‘invo communication’. Staffs are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthlycompany video and by publicizing the minutes of Board meetings. The companyalways pays highly attention to the staff and the customers, and the information’shigh-speed recreation, and the company also does these suggestions quickly.(c).Culture is something every organization has, but it is not a concrete entity. The cultureof an organization impacts upon how that organization reacts to change and it alsoexplains what an organizations stands for. Organizational culture is difficult to defineprecisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning betweenmembers of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. The founders of theorganization have t raditionally had a major impact on the organization’s early culture. Through the culture and the behaviors, in the company, the company built the pubsenvironment very quiet and let its staff work hard in several days and have a holidayin several days.So, a kind of culture will have a kind of behavior.(d).The other type of Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy of recognized model oforganizational culture is process culture, it is focus on details and process excellence.However, the stress may come from internal politics and stupidity of the system. Thiskind of culture has slow feedback/reward and low risk. As a food industry, it paysattention on the result about the customers satisfied. So it isn’t paying much atte on the details and process. If the company becomes the process culture, it will bogdown with how things are done and not with what is to be achieved.Section 3:(a)In the Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), there are three strategies: costleadership, differentiation and segmentation, niche or focus strategy.1.Cost leadership is a low cost leader---gain competitive advantage from being ablethe low cost to produce at the lowest cost---‘cost advantage is the focuses’,doesn’t mean low price---gain the benefits. It in a broad market scopeenvironment where it has a kind of substitute products and power competition.2.Differentiation is differentiated goods and services satisfy the needs of customers,and the companies can de-sensitize prices and focuses on value-higher price and abetter margin. So it needs to incur additional costs in creating its competitiveadvantage. It in a broad market scope environment is in that the customers’ loyalty can help the company limited and reduce new entrants and competitors.3.The segmentation, niche or focus strategy is included cost focus and focusdifferentiation.The cost focus is a form aims at being the lows cost producer in that niche orsegment, it in a narrow market scope environment like low cost than thedifferentiation in a niche.The focus differentiation is a firm creates competitive advantage throughdifferentiation within the niche or segment. Its potential problems are small,specialist niches could disappear in the long term. Its associated environmentis in the narrow market scope, you can use a special product from the majordeveloped market competitors who have different purposes.(b)In the case, during the1980s and 1990S the company relied on organic growth byacquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. And it is developing a style that is quiet, healthy and satisfied environment. In the case, we cansee that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff,the company thinks that people are its best asset. This style is more different withothers.In our case, all of these we have said, during the 1980s and 1990s, J D Wetherspoon isa pub chain, it has many pubs, the company’s aim is to manage the pub to satisfied with the customer, and it is always make its strategy in the pub chain, its all of actionslike provide cheap beer and non-smoking area and so on, which are all of set the mainpoint to its pub manage style.So I advise that the company’s situation is suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.From the strategy, J D Wetherspoon gets more benefits, here I only identify four aboutit: the company build its own style and brand, it has its own customer group, the expansion about share and scope is growing quickly, and the benefits is more thanbefore.(c)During the 21st century, J D Weterspoon was facing much mire competition, ands policy limited, its develop was decrease and slowly, then itthrough the government’begain to change its style and acquired others, it serve breakfast and open earlier inthe morning, support the family dining area, show televised football and so on. Thecompany also began to manage other area like the hotel.So it suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), segmentation, niche or focus strategy.During the1980s and 1990s, the company relied on organic growth by acquiringsuitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. In the case, we can seethat it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, thecompany thinks that people are its best asset. It is Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.During the 21st century, it also pays attention to the staff, but it try to change its style,manage motel, and the food what has provided.(d)When a company was changing business strategy, it must be considering the factors, so as J D Wetherspoon .Exterior environment: by the start of the twenty first century, because of theretail licensing market had adapt to the changes in the “tied house”systemand other competitor had been adapted it and developing their business. So JD Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. Many other competitorsrun the pub and receive the pay rent, this situation lead to saturation of thepub market. So J D Wetherspoon needs to change its business strategy.Policy: during 2002-2004, government allows the supermarket began sellingdrinks, particularly premium larger, at loss-leader prices. This means that thepub can not compare with supermarket in price. On the other hand,government concern about binge drinking and the consequent ant specialbehaviors, particularly in city centers. This lead the decrease of new pubnumber and shares of case form. They must to change to save their company.(e)Strategy is many things like plan, pattern, position, ploy and perspective. As position, strategy is the stance organizations take. Organizations can choose to: be a specialist provider; be the low-cost provider and so on. In the case, we can know that: at first, it supplies special environment quiet, clean, non-smoking to others. During the development of pubs, they all became to do special environment like that. Then J D W began to serve breakfast, show World Cup football and so on, it also develop new brand like ” L N O”, and begun developing budget hotel as “Wetherlodges” to change its strategy, all these process of strategy from differentiation to focus on difference strategy choosing is its strategic choice. So the strategy choosing is a process.(f)Key issues in the management of a business strategy like next:Market/industry knowledgeSufficiency of resources and capabilitiesOffering consumers ’a unique value ’ perceived or realEstablishing a key ’differentiator’Consistent communication consistentlyManagement must keep change feasible and StructureRecognize the principal causes of strategic change.About the J D Wetherspoon, I will talk about two points:Consistent communication consistently. In the J D Wetherspoon, ‘movementand communication’, staffs are keeping in touch with weekly newsletters, amonthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of broad meeting.And J D Wetherspoon attend to listen to the staff voice, like their suggestionswetherspoon’s ‘listening’ policy is based on a system successfully pioneeredby the hi-foreteller, richer sounds.Establishing a key ‘differentiator’. During the development and growth of thecompany, it provides real ale beers at relatively low prices and care aboutchild and disable, it build non-smoking area to keep health for the customers.Section 4:(a)Because of the two powers about restraining forces and driving forces take effect. The strategy of J D Wetherspoon changed over time. Through two forces of restraining is the force working against desired changes. And the other force of diving is the forceof working for desired changes.If the diving force is stronger than restraining force, then the firm will be changing. The leader could compare the two forces, and consider the company need to change or not.Next we will talk about J D Wetherspoon’s driving force and restraining forces.1.Driving forces: The increase competition, many competitors run pubs to rentthe money.Government takes many police like concern about bingedrinking, and thought it is anti-social behaviors.The changing market, the market appears to be over-supplied. 2.Restraining forces: Inertia (habit) of the J D Wetherspoon, like their staff, theyhave habit to their ruler and management. They want the steadyenvironment of work.Strength of culture in the J D Wetherspoon is very strong, theculture has a strong effect on J D Wetherspoon and its staff andits structure.(b)The big changes from business ethics is a mainly factor in the J D Wetherspoon.In the case, the government concern about binge drinking and think it is an anti-social behaviors, and it is particularly in the city canters. The situation of pub wasn’t been saw to be encouraging brings them bad policing. The event causes a bad effect on J D Wetherspoon.The bad influence on J D Wetherspoon about profit and shares and sales. Tim Martin now as an executive, he had give up his power through daily time. So the business ethics is very important factors for J D Wetherspoon.(c)The role of management of J D Wetherspoon dealing with the changes is like next: Establishing directions: developing a vision of the future often in the distant future, and strategies for producing the changes needed to achieve that vision.During the J D Wetherspoon’s development and grows, the firm sale bear in cheap price, take non-smoking area, provide television program and so on. All of these means J D Wetherspoon adopt the above behavior to reply change.Aligning people: communicating direction in words and deeds to all whose cooperation may be need so as to influence the creation of teams and coalitions that understand the vision and strategies and accept their validity. About the J D Wetherspoon, it communicates and knows about customers needs, then change its business, like breakfast serving in the morning before normal time at 11:00 a.m.Motivating and inspiring: energizing people to overcome major political, bureaucratic and resource barriers to change by satisfying basic, but often unfulfilled, human needs. Monitoring organizing and results, through find the careless to solve the problems. The leader should fide out the difference between J D Wetherspoon and others. It always needs to communication with people, know their needs and solve them, help them to adapt the changes in the company.(d)I will give some suggestions to J D Wetherspoon’s management, in order to help them analysis a change situation. I am introducing the three-step conceptual framework from Kurt Lewin to management. He has introduced the three-step change model in 1951 and has agreed the change that should be involved and concerned with the three stages and the individuals.The three stages like next:Unfreezing the present. Reducing the forces maintaining the organization inits present situation. Recognizing the need for change and important.In this stage, management need let their employees know the importance ofthe change. In the 21th centaury of the case of J D Wetherspoon, it faced morecompetition. Some other retail pub chains had been developing their business,and some of the pub are increasing the market appears to be over-supplied.The government limited the drinking and the consequent anti-social behavior.In a word, the market share, profit and sales are decreasing. So the companyneeds to change.Moving to the new level. Shifting the behavior of the organization to a newlevel by encouraging staff to adopt mew behavior and attitudes. Theimplementation of the change.In this stage, the employee needs to accept the mew business culture with themanagement’s help. Leader can use motivate methods to encourageemployees say yes to the change. For instance, they can give rewards toemployees, or so benefits. About J D Wetherspoon, it has some changes like:most pubs have a dedicated family dining area where children and theirparents can eat together, and the pub began to serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning, and pubs start to show TV program and the television football,and so on.Refreezing the new level. Stabilizing the organization in its new state ofequilibrium by, for example, establishing a new culture or new structure thatreinforces the change.In this stage, the behavior and attitudes of the employees needs managers’force to treat and adapt the new culture, and monitor is essential. Managersneed to ensure the business changes’attitudes and concepts and the newbusiness culture. The company of this case should adapt a number of methodsto strength change and achieve fully implement the change.If it needs ensure the successful about fully implement change. We need adapt Kotter and Schlesinger’s management style in order to dealing with the resistance to change.Education and communication. In this method, leader needn’t presume the information and knowledge and passed d ownward through the organization automatically, on the other hand, they should communicate with the employee in every stage of change. In J D Wetherspoon, it adopts a key aspect of operation about “involvement and communication”. Employees always keep touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizingthe minutes of board meetings. J D Wetherspoon does well in the acting and listening for their business. J D Wetherspoon can effectively use the methodto communicate with staffs.In education aspects, J D Wetherspoon need set train classes for employees to improve the themselves, and ensure that staffs could adapt the new business culture and structures. In order to reduce the feel of worry, then will positiveto change. Staffs clear up any misunderstandings and receive the full facts, the resistance will subside.Participation: the leader should let the employees to consultation process, and ensure them could obtain enough information of change. The manager also take them know they are valued; their opinion is valued for the company. This situation can ensure their information is right and immediate, and ensure the combat rumor and effectively combat employees feel they have lake of information and communication. So it is difficult for individuals to resist change the idea in which they have participated.。
HND商务文化与策略
Assessment task 1Outcome coveredAll outcomes (1—5）Section 1:（a）。
The PESTEL analysis heading are a framework in which environmental influence are categorized into six main types：political, economic，socio-cultural，technological, environmental and legal。
1.P：political forces，as the political arena has a huge influence upon theregulation of business and the spending of consumers and other businesses. The political is including government stability，taxation policy, social welfare policies and the trade regulations.In our case of J D Wetherspoon plc, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. And the government pays attention for the disadvantage。
2。
E：economic forces, as the state of a trading economy in the short—term and long—term influence the wealth of a population. The economic is including interest rates, inflation, and disposable income and product seasonality and so on。
HND 商务文化策略1
Report on Business Cultureand StrategyCandidate No.:Candidate Name :Tutor :Nov 2th, 2015Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyPEST analysisPEST analysis include social factor, technology factor, economic factor and legal factor, which is used to analyze the influence of the external environment to the organization. In this case, social factor, for example, J D Wetherspoon sell a wide range of real ale relatively low prices. Wide range can meet customers’ need well and low price will add the conversion cost of customers which promote sales. Other social factor is that J D Wetherspoon serve food which is available all day and sold at relatively cheap prices.Technology factor has limited influence to J D. Free WI-FI and TV screen provide convenience for customers.Currency condition and national income are major element of economic factor. In this case, in 2004 it remove price incentives to drink larger measures of spirits and reduced the amount of alcohol in its cocktail pitchers which has an adverse effect on sales of spirits and cocktails. If national income increase, citizen’ consumption will increase.Legal factors have limited effect to company as much as technology factors. In this case, tied house system had been broken by ruling from the MMC which severely limited the number of pubs which a brewer could operate. Other hand, government is concerning about binge drinking and the consequent anti- social behavior. It may reduce sales.Political factor is MMC and binge drinking. In case, tied house system had been broken by a ruling from the MMC which limited the number of pubs. Increasing public concern about binge drinking and the consequent anti-social behavior. These impact the sale.SWOT analysisIn SWOT analyse, S and W belong interior factors and external factor include W and T. Advantage of strength are reflected following circumstances. Training courses, area meetings and shift management meetings form part of the working week which will notencroach into staff leisure time. It can improve staff’ loyalty, and competitor do not take them. The other circumstances is that it is committed to lifelong training and it provides staff with opportunities to gain relevant qualifications such as those offered by British Institute of Innkeeping. These can keep staff and avoid outstanding employee quitting.Weakness are reflected these aspect. Music and TV programmes. J D Wetherspoon do not play music and show TV programmes which reduce its allure so that competitive advantages is lower than competitors.About opportunities, J D wetherspoon has developed the ‘Lloyds Number One Bar’ brand and greatly increased the number of outlets. New product can attract attention of customers. If the new product’s quality is good, J D’s sales will increase.Secondly future new outlets will be divided between the J D wetherspoon and Lloyds No1 Bar brand. Reasonable market segments will expand sales.Threat are from concern about binge drinking and the consequent anti-social behavior. It will reduce sales seriously. Even more, due to opportunities are less, J D must be impacted from environment, advantages are probably to be covered by threat. Apart from these point, there also are some competitors in pubs industries.GuidelinesIn the earlier stage of planning, company should use SWOT analysis to compare with competitors so that senior managers can plan activities and distribute resource well. SWOT analysis must be specific and avoid ambiguous areas. The analysis also should be linked with competition and should not be long and complex. SWOT analysis is a kind of subjective and short term in its nature, so it can‟t use to analysis long-term situation.The analysis is changing. S and W is familiar with O and T each other. Former opportunities and threat is reflected by present strength and weakness. J D Wetherspoonalso needs to make plan for anticipated changes so that be fully prepared to meet them.S and W is interior factor. O and T is external factor. Before using SWOT analysis, managers should refer some relative material. J D Wetherspoon needs to control their SWOT, specially at the times of crisis, and deal with the changes that have already occurred.Value and assumptionculture is the outcome of the shared experiences arising from an organisation's attempts to resolve fundamental problems of adapting to the external world and achieving internal intergration and consitency. Culture is something every organisation has, but it is not a concrete entity. Value and assumption belongs the level of culture.Value is high-profile symbol include strategy, misson, statement and goals. In this case, as well as ensuring that the site was big enough, this strategy of organic growth enabled the company to choose locations which it considered suitable for pubs of its type. Statement also has been mentioned in case, Share value act as a quite to behavior and ways of dealing with anxiety. J D Wetherspoon has a ‘lifestyle guarantee’which aims to give managers time for a life outside work, which can reduce staff’ pressure.Assumption is low-profile symbol, which is reflected by staff or audience how to feel the rules. It is not visible. Culture elements of this level is called as unspoken rules and is rarely discussed within the organization. They direct the way events and actions are perceived and interpreted by the organization. In this case, J D Wetherspoon create a quarter of the space in each establishment is non-smoking.Model of organisation cultureThe model of organizational culture is Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy, which based on how quickly organizations receive or strategies and the level of risk that they take. Itstated that these two factors gave rise to four generic types of cultures, which they called tough guy/macho culture, work hard/play hard culture, bet-the-company culture and process culture. J D is work hard/play hard culture, because in Tim Martin’s company, the staff work hard every day, and then they will get a holiday for several days and the company also work to the food industry. This is typical in large organisations that strive for high-quality customer service. Rapid feedback and reward and low risk is the feature of work hard/play hard. In the case, J D Wethrspoon has a’lifestyle guarantee’ which aims to give managers time for a life outside work. It reduce risk from staff’ pressure to quitted. Another key aspect of the company’s operation is ‘involvement and communication’. Staffs are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of Board meetings. It promote feedback.Relationship between culture and behaviorOrganisational behaviour is the study of human behavior in organizational settings, the interface between human behavior and the organization, and the organization itself. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or the way we do things here. Every organization has culture, but culture is a abstract conception. Organisation culture can affect what company should do in next step, so, every culture will have a kind of behavior. In this case, poll and staff meeting is major embodiment. For example, Tim Martin justified them by using the results of a poll among company staff which showed that 90% were against the single currency and 95%were happy for the pubs to be used in Martin’s No’ campaign. If managers are willing to execute the choice of most staff, it can avoid autarchy. These is poll. About meeting, its staff are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicising the minutes of Board meetings.Another model of organisation cultureProcess culture also is another choice. This is slower feedback and reward than DK and low risk as much as DK. This is often associated with bureauracies. While it is easy tocritics these cultures for being overly cautious or bogged down in red tape, they do produce consistenr results, which is ideal in. There is general low stress. However stress may come from internal politics and stupidity of the system. J D stress punctuality and remain current situation. As a food industry, if J D Wetherspoon use the process culture, it will get into trouble with how things are done and with what is to be achieved.。
HND商务文化与策略
HND商务文化与策略商务文化与策略的目标是帮助企业了解和应对不同国家或地区的商业环境和文化差异，以便更好地进行国际商务活动。
在全球化的背景下，商务文化与策略的重要性日益凸显。
本文将讨论商务文化与策略的定义、重要性以及如何应用于实际商业活动中。
商务文化是指在商业活动中涉及到的各种文化因素，包括价值观、信仰、习俗、社会行为等。
通过了解并尊重不同文化的差异，企业可以更好地适应和融入当地市场，增强与当地客户、供应商和合作伙伴之间的合作关系。
商务文化也对企业的管理和组织有重要影响，例如在跨国公司中，要考虑到不同文化中的管理风格、决策模式和沟通方式。
商务策略是指企业在国际商务活动中采取的具体行动计划。
在全球化的竞争环境中，不同国家和地区的商业环境、法律法规以及市场需求都存在巨大的差异。
因此，企业需要根据所在市场的特点和目标制定相应的商务策略。
商务策略包括市场营销策略、供应链管理策略、品牌推广策略等。
通过制定有效的商务策略，企业可以提高市场竞争力，实现长期可持续发展。
商务文化与策略的重要性不容忽视。
首先，了解和尊重当地文化差异有助于企业建立良好的声誉和形象。
在国际商务中，企业的形象和声誉是非常宝贵的资产，可以影响客户的购买决策和合作伙伴的选择。
如果企业没有充分了解和尊重当地文化的差异，可能会引发误解、冲突甚至破坏商业关系。
其次，商务文化与策略也影响企业的经营成果和竞争优势。
通过了解当地市场的需求和消费习惯，企业可以开发出符合当地人口口味和需求的产品或服务，提高市场占有率和销售额。
同时，了解当地市场竞争对手的策略和优势，可以帮助企业制定更有竞争力的商务策略，提高市场竞争力。
最后，商务文化与策略的应用需要灵活性和持续学习的能力。
由于不同国家和地区的商业环境和文化差异不断变化和演变，企业需要不断学习和适应新的情况。
企业应该培养具有跨文化敏感度和能力的员工，建立与不同国家的合作伙伴网络，定期更新和调整商务策略，以适应不同文化和商业环境的变化。
HND商务文化策略报告
IntroductionThe report is about the change in the external environment in JD Wetherspoon. It analysis the SPELT and SWOT of the J D Wetherspoon. It also analysis the relationship between organisational culture and organisational behavior in the JD Wetherspoon. J D Wetherspoon plc was founded by Tim Martin who opened the first J D Wtherspoon pub in1979. It now has over 600 pubs, which means that it has expanded on average at the rate of about one new pub each week.Section 1 External environmentSPELTThe Social-cultural factors are J D Wetherspoon provide children’s cutlery with children’s meals to convenience children. Most pubs now have a dedicated family dining area where children and adults can eat together. The area is restricted and limited to meal times only. Children are not allowed in the bar areas and the company believe it does greatly alter the atmosphere of the pubs.The Technological factors are e ach has a ventilation system (costing more than £100,000) which aims to ensure that customers do not leave smelling of smoke. J D Wetherspoon also has plasma screens and can show TV programmes.The Economic factors is in 2004, is clear price incentive drinks liquor larger measures, and reduce its cocktail has to these sales to produce adverse effect pitcher amount of alcohol in. In 2002, the price of the stock raised more than ten times its original value. The Political factors are related to alcohol and anti-social behavior, the government's attention, especially in the city center. So the JD Wetherspoon reaction, reducing their drinking cocktail pitcher in use, they canceled all price is favourable, drinks liquor greater measures.The Legal factors, the link between the brewing company is the traditional houses and bars that line the system has been lifted, from the determination of trade monopolies and quantitative restrictions on the merger committee can operate bars and beer. JD Wetherspoon retailers entering the market, represents a company who did not previously exist.SWOT analysisThe SWOT analysis included strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Strengths: the Wetherspoon JD with a good track record of profit sharing and sufficient capital, the price is cheap. It provides cheap beer, this means that the more competitive Wetherspoon JD, attract more customers.Weakness: lack of music and center position of Wetherspoon j JD provided that no music quite atmosphere, people prefer to some entertainment pubs. Wetherspoon JD the downtown bar mode now may have been out of date. In towns and cities center more and more bar is one of the great competitions to Wetherspoon JD.Opportunity: JD Wetherspoon opportunity into a new judge not. The beginning of Wetherspoon JD developed economy hotel accommodation for 'Wetherlodges' and famous. All The hotels are set column facilities. The bars and restaurants Wetherspoon JD other get. The relatively new opportunities of The competition, it is customer demand is changing. Therefore, the Wetherspoon JD take steps to meet demand. This would attract more of the existing and potential customers bar.Threat: the supermarket began selling losses leaders price drinks. This makes it hard to in price competition on the bar, and encourage water home. There is a growing public and government of alcohol and the resulting antisocial behavior, especially in the city center, attention. Go to the pub has been discouraged, so it is for their threats.J D Wetherspoon’s SWOT analysisThere are some guiding principles Wetherspoon JD the management can use conductive SWOT Strengths and weaknesses order. It is a set of internal environment analysis. Opportunities and threats is external environment analysis.About the strengths and weaknesses In. In reality means when organization's strengths and weaknesses of analysis, it should be based on facts, not imagine.The SWOT analysis is to concrete. Avoid grey zone. If there is a kind of factors can be regarded as power, it can also be regarded as weak thinks, this is not specific.Keep the SWOT analysis of short-term and simple. Avoid complexity and excessive analysis. Avoid complexity and excessive analysis. If you want to include many dots, each quadrant SWOT matrix, it is a good idea to them.Mixed with the current state of expectation, it will cause the distortion of the results. Section2 Organisational cultureThe organisation culture in J D Wetherspoon in terms"Granted assumptions" is for humanity and living environment and deep under the surface, is also unable to observe. In a very basic, almost points of PLC Wetherspoon JD conscious. Basic assumptions are established by Tim Martin who based on 1946 by George Orwell's articles, speak of a hypothetical bar model, called 'the water under the moon ". This provides cheap beer, good conversation atmosphere and solid in architecture. The Wetherspoon JD facilities must be made by Tim Martin hypothesis. In the changing consumer's needs and faced with more competition of the pace, basic methods to Wetherspoon JD the undergone many changes."Common values" is clear or implied basic idea, concepts and principles, of the basis is organizational culture, and guide decision-making and staff, management behavior andmembers of the organization. It in ideology or ideas and actions reflect as the guiding behavior and anxiety and the uncertainty of the difficult event handling methods. JD Wetherspoon place to listen, and act, feedback staff in all aspects of the enterprise has important significance.Suggested in weekly meetings and staff for their proposal shall be rewarded. Members are constantly updated and within the organization, therefore, they get better morale and kindness, in their work become more active. Therefore, the staff know they in the organization value, will eventually pay close attention to provide it.Type of culture used by J D WetherspoonFour culture types for power, role, task and personal are outlined by Charles Hendy. He outlined four culture of power culture, role culture, task cultures and personal culture's type. The attorney Wetherspoon belongs to culture of power. In the organization of decision, suggests power culture is concentrated around key individual small bureaucrats and flexible. This person like to control and behind the power culture. Many of the features Wetherspoon JD, proved that it belongs to culture of power. For example, Tim Martin is in Wetherspoon JD the parents. In a joint statement Wetherspon in the past two years in the twentieth century decades of success is largely attributed to founder. Digital is more willing to talk about the power of people who feel their reactions and spread with his or her enthusiasm and passion. Their greatest strength lies in their immediate response ability and intuitionist communication, because in a very short circuit, because of concentration of power to chance or crisis.The relationship between organisational culture and organisational behaviour in J D wetherspoonCulture is the guide and shaping employees of attitude and behavior, from a certainsense, decision-making and control mechanism. At the same time, is raising the ability of organization and cohesion. Organizational culture and organizational behavior, and determines the relationship between them is consistent. Culture of Wetherspoon JD is hard work. Because the company says people are the best assets of all time. They encourage employees to participate in the decision, in the multi-channel communication decision-making part. Tim Martin used with staff through informal method stories, let them know his hypothesis. Organizational culture can improve organizational skills, and achieve business plan, and realized the excellence of high level.The different management approachIn role culture, everybody has a distribution and logical derivation role. Rules, system, process and procedure is to ensure personal replaceable and behavior of this organization specification. Compare power culture, a culture can reduce between the employees participation and communication, stifle creativity and innovation. More enterprise structure and management and leadership feedback is slowly up to its highest. The transition to another culture, and is a controversial field, so their role is not suitable for cultural Wetherspoon JD the homework.Section 3 Business strategyFour possible strategiesProduct developmentThis is a new product will sell existing customers. This strategy may require new capacity building and request the company developed product revision of existing market. MarketingIt makes products on the market new production line. This may be the company's products and services, or a new geographic market, new USES, new field, exploration, toattract new customers.DifferentiationThe purpose of differentiation, is a huge market, including the service as the unique create products or in the industry.Market penetrationWe market our existing products to our existing customers. This strategy is used to increase by the enterprise from the original product without market strategy drifting original. This is important, because of enterprise retaining existing customers than attract new cheap.The strategy that J D Wetherspoon followed during 1980s and 1990sJD Wetherspoon as in the 1980s and 1990s potter differentiation strategy. Due to the bar of different mode from other bar owners. The biggest difference is that the Wetherspoon JD not play music or TV programs, to encourage dialogue, in the first quarter of space is not smoking. Other notable feature is that they with low price sells a real high grade beer variety, special attention to public toilets, all service providing food all day, with relatively low price sell etc. This strategy and usually charge high product, often to reflect the higher production costs for consumers more value-added function.The two different strategies in 21st century and 1980sJD Wetherspoon the descended from 21st century begins differentiation potter general strategic focus. Key strategic differentiation, an important problem of Wetherspoon JD using this strategy is to ensure that our customers do have different needs and desires, existing rival products do not meet these needs and desires. As for the differentiation of the Wetherspoon JD, creating or differentiation niche market competitive advantage, emphatically. In the 21st century change affects JD Wetherspoon of sales and profitsslowdown, thus Wetherspoon JD its differentiation of the must modify key strategy.In the 1980s and 1990s, the music Wetherspoon JD broadcast television programmes, or in each established space, it at least a quarter is no smoking, and everyone ventilation systems, the purpose is to ensure customer not to smoke smelly. This difference makes it different from other bar owners.The factors that J D Wetherspoon changing its business strategyWhen Wetherspoonhas change its strategy, it should consider some of those factors. The JD Wetherspoon is to consider the change of market environment. Then, the policy of the government changed. The public and the government's is attention to more and more customers. The third factor is, consumer lifestyle changes. People want to watch TV in the bar, especially in 2002 and 2004. The Wetherspoonhas face more and more competition. These factors lead Wetherspoon JD the must change its strategy. However, there is an important factor of Wetherspoon JD, make its strategy must be changed. JD Wetherspoon has previous management not adapt to market changes. In order to adapt to the constantly changing market, only JD Wetherspoon has communication strategy. The connection between “business strategy” and “strategic choice”Business strategy and direction, the more long-term, through its realization organization resources disposition, the challenge of environmental advantage, the organization's scope to meet the market demand, and satisfy shareholders' expectations. The strategic market penetration, market development, product development and diversification based on Ansoff matrix. According to potter, universal strategy is cost lead, differentiation and division. Strategic choices and an organization's future policy, how to gain a competitive advantage is concerned, its action should take the courses, and how to deal with many of the pressure and from the exterior and interior environmentalimpact.A beginning is cost-first strategy, make efforts to expand, but in the 21st century, their key into the differentiation strategy. Their bar has a special family have dinner area and some bars, they also on preferential prices, alcohol larger non-tariff measures cancelled, but sales have dropped, so their profits have declined.The key issues that J D Wetherspoon to manage its business strategyEnsure that all employees know the company's strategy. After Wetherspoon JD differentiation strategy, the key will change every day in the company staff should be aware of, take in the district conference and shift management conference. Service oriented employees must be regularly determine how the commissions. The new strategic agreement JD Wetherspoonhas should have a clear the direction of its development. This is' clean, beer, services and maintenance ', it now has more than 600 bar.The company shall carry receiving powers, from the employees' support. JD Wetherspoon of their staff should persuade the high-performance is its method employee recruitment, training, development and motivate the direct result.Section4 ChangeReason of the strategy of J D Wetherspoon changed over timeThe forces for change of J D Wetherspoon:Hope to improve profitability. New openings quantity fell from sales and profits slowdown, 2001 also declined. This means that the strategy before, not suitable for the current environment.Increased competition: Wetherspoon JD the faces from other retail chain bar and supermarket competition. So it's hard for JD Wetherspoon own market share and pricecompetition.Consumer demand changes: Customers like to listen to music, watching TV bar, but they can't Wetherspoon JD of it.The attorney Wetherspoon opposing change of power:Earlier success: JD Wetherspoon start doing well, because it can start over, it's a bar.The manager's attitude: Tim Martin, are willing to maintain with the previous business model and success depends on him. He is a traditional, easily with existing success very satisfied.The relationship between “J D Wetherspoon” and “stakeholder power”Factors may change included in corporate social responsibility, stakeholder power and organizational culture. In order to JDW stakeholders power mainly because the power to change. The company from 1980s and 1990s, JD with the law and the differentiation strategy. However, in the 21st century, the strategic focus from strategic differences. Since the client's life, been changed, they like loud lively consider customer demand changed, doctor of law, according to the requirements of different customers change to satisfy different customers. Such as play music or TV program. Stakeholders are forced to change.The role of management in dealing with changeFrom the bottom to the top changes, managers in the right direction and choose the correct strategy. According to the Wirdenius harp and "(1973) method, there are five kinds of strategy, planning and implementation of change (instructions, negative), specifications (heart and analysis and action as the center thought). In this case, the operation center will use. The entire plan is unsure of their temporary clergy. Leaders may take more in the movement of the leading role, changing behavior. 2004 started todevelop economy hotel, it is ordained temporary. Nowadays, dinars no longer pay attention to employee participation.Advice for J D Wetherspoon to overcome resistance to changeWe could use a continuum called "change" model, this model opinions are as follows, and the rate of change is determined by three factors. The first one is other people's participation. The second is the planning level. And the last runner is trying to overcome the resistance. Why the Wetherspoon changes more slowly? Due to attend, including attend abundant resources and the enterprise working hours. There are six ways to help reduce inhibitions JD Wetherspoon. This is participation, education and communication, support, negotiation, manipulation and roping and intimidation. For Wetherspoon JD, it can be used to support mode. Operators should adopt some support efforts to reduce the way drag: when employees of fear and anxiety were very high, the organization should be employees bring new skills training, and by adjusting to promote employees. Therefore, the managers can sponsor or training new skills to persuade them to support the right, this is the future development of JDW the interests of the change. ConclusionThis report is about in Wetherspoon JD the changes in the external environment. It analyzes the JD Wetherspoon SPELT and SWOT. It also analyzes the organizational culture and organizational behavior in JD Wetherspoon relationship. JD Wetherspoon programmable controller is by Tim Martin who opened the first joint statement in1979 Wtherspoon bar. It now has more than 600 bar, which means that it has expanded, on average every week a new bar rate.ReferenceWebsite++Culture and Strategy DE3X 35。
HND商务文化和策略
Assessment task 1Outcome coveredAll outcomes (1-5)Section 1:(a).The PESTEL analysis heading are a framework in which environmental influence are categorized into six main types: political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, environmental and legal.1.P: political forces, as the political arena has a huge influence uponthe regulation of business and the spending of consumers and other businesses. The political is including government stability, taxation policy, social welfare policies and the trade regulations.In our case of J D Wetherspoon plc, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. And the government pays attention for the disadvantage.2. E: economic forces, as the state of a trading economy in the short-termand long-term influence the wealth of a population. The economic is including interest rates, inflation, and disposable income and product seasonality and so on.About the J D Wetherspoon plc, in the start of twenty first century, J D Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. The retail licensing marking had adapted to the changes in the ‘tied house’ system and other retail pub chains like Regent Inns and Punch Taverns had been developing their businesses. And the supermarket began selling drinks also have influence on the company.3.S: socio-cultural forces. Such as religion and demographics impactupon product design and spending by consumers. It includes lifestyle trends, education level, population demographics and social responsbilityIn the case, people more and more carefully to take attention on their health, so they began to reduce the wine drinking. Then J D Wetherspon plc develops a kind of low ethanol wine.4.T: technological forces, such as information technology influencesproduction methods, and transportation influences market penetration and product costs. It will include speed of introduction of new technologies, innovations/developments and consumer buying options and so on.In the case, with the technological develop; the beer can be bottled and selling in the market. Because of this, people aren’t need to drink beeronly in the pubs. This can decrease the sell share of the J D Wetherspoon.5.L: legal forces, such as product safety influences design, and tradingpractices influence how businesses conduct themselves in the market.It may include like employment law, healthy and safety, company law and consumer protection and so on.In the case, the government issued policies to limit the wine drinking, and the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. All of this legal force could have influence on J D Wetherspoon.(b).The analysis of the organization’s internal and external strategic environment is referred to as a SWOT analysis. SWOT is an acronym for strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. The SWOT analysis is a20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners. The company provide lifelong training and adopt he staff suggestion, and communicate with them, J D Wetherspoon provide quiet environment and the service are always satisfied the consumer demand, all of these can protect the company develop well.W: the food in pubs of J D Wetherspoon, it supports complimentary crisps with baguettes, this kind is bad for customers’ health and it didn’t distinguish the hot degree, this might cause customer’s discontented for the J D Wetherspoon. It also doesn’t have children’s meals. This will let the customers of adult unconvenient, and it may because the children are hurt. All of these can loss the customers.O:J D Wetherspoon is managing he pub style as ‘quiet’. But now, it acquired the Lloyds pub chain, J D Wetherspoon develop it as another style. This kind of pub’s music dazed outlets with a much stronger entertainment element and show TV programs, this can attract much more customers. The company also begun developing budget hotel, this candevelop another market and increase the profit of J D Wetherspoon. T: J D Wetherspoon faced many computers, like Regent Inns, Punch Taverns and the supermarket. They will strive the share of market and the customer. The government policy also influences it. Like the limit of brewing and drink beer in the century of the city, this also can decrease the share of J D Wetherspoon.(c).Through a SWOT analysis an organization can assess its current position and make comparisons with competitors in order to plan activities and resources appropriately. It is the first stage of planning and helps managers to focus on key issues. It is important remember when carrying out a SWOT analysis that it is not absolute.Simple rules for successful SWOT analysis like next:Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of the organization. Analysis should distinguish between where your organization is today, and where be in the future.Be specific. Avoid grey areas.Always analysis in relation to the competition.Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over-analysis. SWOT analysis is a kind of subjective and short term in its nature, so it can’t use to analysis long-term situation.For example, when you analysis the opportunities, you can think about: where are the good opportunities available to our organization？Section 2:(a).1. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. It acts as the social glue which holds the organization together. Research shows that the culture of an organization can significantly affect the way in which the company operates, particularly in terms of its effectiveness. Shared values become embodied in the organization’s ideology or philosophy and act as a quite to behavior and ways of dealing with anxiety.In J D Wetherspoon pubs, it says that people are its best asset. The company is satisfied the staff, so this is its organizational culture. It has a flexible training policy which enables people from all kinds of different backgrounds to join the company. It is committed to lifelong training and it provides staff with opportunities to gain relevant qualifications such as those offered by the British Institute of Innkeeping, 20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners.2. Basic assumptions at a very fundamental, almost subconscious, level tell employees how to perceive, think and feel about things. These are the elements of culture are unseen and not openly identified in theday-to-day interactions of the members of the organization. Culture elements at this level exist as ‘unspoken rules’ and are rarely discussed within the organization. They direct the way events and actions are perceived and interpreted by the organization.In the case, J D Wetherspoon create a quarter of the space in each establishment is non-smoking.(b).A kind of recognized model of organizational culture is Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy. It is based on how quickly organizations receive or strategies and the level of risk that they take. Deal and Kennedy stated that these two factors gave rise to four generic types of cultures, which they called tough guy/macho culture, work hard/play hard culture, bet-the-company culture and process culture. Through the case, we can know Tim Martin is a ‘big man’ in his company; he manages the company with his mind and idea, it company is include by the food industry, all the staff work hard every day, and then they will have a holiday for several days. So J D Wetherspoon is suit the tough work hard/pay hard culture. The work hard/pay hard culture’s core value is keeping good customer service. In the case, the company has a ‘lifestyle guarantee’ which aims to give managers time for a life outside work. Another key aspect of the company’s operation is ‘involvement and communication’. Staffs are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of Board meetings. The company always pays highly attention to the staff and the customers, and the information’s high-speed recreation, and the company also does these suggestions quickly.(c).Culture is something every organization has, but it is not a concrete entity. The culture of an organization impacts upon how that organization reacts to change and it also explains what an organizations stands for. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. The founders of the organization have t raditionally had a major impact on the organization’s early culture.Through the culture and the behaviors, in the company, the company built the pubs environment very quiet and let its staff work hard in several days and have a holiday in several days.So, a kind of culture will have a kind of behavior.(d).The other type of Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy of recognized model of organizational culture is process culture; it is focus on details and process excellence. However, the stress may come from internal politics and stupidity of the system. This kind of culture has slow feedback/rewardand low risk. As a food industry, it pays attention on the result about the customers satisfied. So it isn’t paying much attention on the details and process. If the company becomes the process culture, it will bog down with how things are done and not with what is to be achieved.Section 3:(a)In the Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), there are three strategies: cost leadership, differentiation and segmentation, niche or focus strategy.1.Cost leadership is a low cost leader---gain competitive advantage frombeing able to produce at the lowest cost---‘cost advantage is the focuses’, the low cost doesn’t mean low price---gain the benefits.It in a broad market scope environment where it has a kind of substitute products and power competition.2.Differentiation is differentiated goods and services satisfy theneeds of customers, and the companies can de-sensitize prices and focuses on value-higher price and a better margin. So it needs to incur additional costs in creating its competitive advantage. It in a broad market scope environment is in that the customers’ loyalty can help the company limited and reduce new entrants and competitors.3.The segmentation, niche or focus strategy is included cost focus andfocus differentiation.The cost focus is a form aims at being the lows cost producer in that niche or segment, it in a narrow market scope environment like low cost than the differentiation in a niche.The focus differentiation is a firm creates competitive advantage through differentiation within the niche or segment. Its potential problems are small, specialist niches could disappear in the long term. Its associated environment is in the narrow market scope, you can use a special product from the major developed marketcompetitors who have different purposes.(b)In the case, during the1980s and 1990S the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. And it is developing a style that is quiet, healthy and satisfied environment. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. This style is more different with others. In our case, all of these we have said, during the 1980s and 1990s, J D Wetherspoon is a pub chain, it has many pubs, the company’s aim is to manage the pub to satisfied with the customer, and it is always make its strategy in the pub chain, its all of actions like provide cheap beer andnon-smoking area and so on, which are all of set the main point to its pub manage style.So I advise that the company’s situation is suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.From the strategy, J D Wetherspoon gets more benefits; here I only identify four about it: the company builds its own style and brand, it has its own customer group, the expansion about share and scope is growing quickly, and the benefits are more than before.(c)During the 21st century, J D Weterspoon was facing much mire competition, and through the government’s policy limited, its develop was decrease and slowly, then it begain to change its style and acquired others, it serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning, support the family dining area, show televised football and so on. The company also began to manage other area like the hotel.So it suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), segmentation, niche or focus strategy.During the1980s and 1990s, the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. It is Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.During the 21st century, it also pays attention to the staff, but it try to change its style, manage motel, and the food what has provided. (d)when a company was changing business strategy, it must be considering the factors, so as J D Wetherspoon .Exterior environment: by the start of the twenty first century, because of the retail licensing market had adapt to the changesin the “tied house”system and other competitor had been adaptedit and developing their business. So J D Wetherspoon was facingmuch more competition. Many other competitors run the pub andreceive the pay rent, this situation lead to saturation of the pubmarket. So J D Wetherspoon needs to change its business strategy.Policy: during 2002-2004, government allows the supermarket began selling drinks, particularly premium larger, at loss-leader prices.This means that the pub can not compare with supermarket in price.On the other hand, government concern about binge drinking and theconsequent ant special behaviors, particularly in city centers.This lead the decrease of new pub number and shares of J DWetherspoon. They must to change to save their company.(e)(f)Key issues in the management of a business strategy like next:Market/industry knowledgeSufficiency of resources and capabilitiesOffering consumers ’a unique value ’ perceived or realEstablishing a key ’differentiator’Consistent communication consistentlyManagement must keep change feasibleStructureRecognize the principal causes of strategic change.About the J D Wetherspoon, I will talk about two points:Consistent communication consistently. In the J D Wetherspoon, ‘movement and communication’, staffs are keeping in touch withweekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing theminutes of broad meeting. And J D Wetherspoon attend to listen tothe staff voice, like their suggestions wetherspoon’s‘listening’ policy is based on a system successfully pioneeredby the hi-foreteller, richer sounds.Establishing a key ‘differentiator’. During the development and growth of the company, the company provide real ale beers atrelatively low prices and care about child and disable, it buildnon-smoking area to keep health for the customers.Section 4:(a)Because of the two powers about restraining forces and driving forces takeeffect. The strategy of J D Wetherspoon changed over time. Through twoforces of restraining is the force working against desired changes. Andthe other force of diving is the force of working for desired changes.If the diving force is stronger than restraining force, then the firm willbe changing. The leader could compare the two forces, and consider thecompany need to change or not.Next we will talk about J D Wetherspoon’s driving force and restrainingforces.1.Driving forces: The increase competition, many competitors run pubsto rentthe money.Government takes many police like concern about bingedrinking, and thought it is anti-social behaviors.The changing market, the market appears to beover-supplied.2.Restraining forces: Inertia (habit) of the J D Wetherspoon, like theirstaff, they have habit to their ruler and management.They want the steady environment of work.Strength of culture in the J D Wetherspoon is verystrong, the culture has a strong effect on J DWetherspoon and its staff and its structure.(b)The big changes from business ethics is a mainly factor in the J D Wetherspoon.In the case, the government concern about binge drinking and think it is an anti-social behaviors, and it is particularly in the city canters. The situation of pub wasn’t been saw to be encouraging brings them bad policing. The event causes a bad effect on J D Wetherspoon.The bad influence on J D Wetherspoon about profit and shares and sales. Tim Martin now as an executive, he had give up his power through daily time. So the business ethics is very important factors for J D Wetherspoon.(c)The role of management of J D Wetherspoon dealing with the changes is like next:Establishing directions: developing a vision of the future often in the distant future, and strategies for producing the changes needed to achieve that vision. During the J D Wetherspoon’s development and grows, the firm sale bear in cheap price, take non-smoking area, provide television program and so on. All of these means J D Wetherspoon adopt the above behavior to reply change.Aligning people: communicating direction in words and deeds to all whose cooperation may be need so as to influence the creation of teams and coalitions that understand the vision and strategies and accept their validity. About the J D Wetherspoon, it communicates and knows about customers needs, then changes its business, like breakfast serving in the morning before normal time at 11:00 a.m.Motivating and inspiring: energizing people to overcome major political, bureaucratic and resource barriers to change by satisfying basic, but often unfulfilled, human needs. Monitoring organizing and results, through find the careless to solve the problems. The leader should fide out the difference between J D Wetherspoon and others.It always needs to communication with people, know their needs and solve them, help them to adapt the changes in the company.。
(完整word版)HND商务文化与策略
Assessment task 1Outcome coveredAll outcomes (1-5)Section 1:(a).The PESTEL analysis heading are a framework in which environmental influence are categorized into six main types: political, economic, socio-cultural, technological,, environmental and legal.1.P: political forces, as the political arena has a huge influence upon the regulation ofbusiness and the spending of consumers and other businesses. The political is including government stability, taxation policy, social welfare policies and the trade regulations.In our case of J D Wetherspoon plc, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. And the government pays attention for the disadvantage.2. E: economic forces, as the state of a trading economy in the short-term andlong-term influence the wealth of a population. The economic is including interest rates, inflation, and disposable income and product seasonality and so on.About the J D Wetherspoon plc, in the start of twenty first century, J D Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. The retail licensing marking had adapted to the changes in the ‘tied house’ system and other retail pub chains like Regent Inns an dPunch Taverns had been developing their businesses. And the supermarket began selling drinks also have influence on the company.3.S: socio-cultural forces. Such as religion and demographics impact upon productdesign and spending by consumers. It includes lifestyle trends, education level, population demographics and social responsbilityIn the case, people more and more carefully to take attention on their health, so they began to reduce the wine drinking. Then J D Wetherspon plc develops a kind of low ethanol wine.4.T: technological forces, such as information technology influences productionmethods, and transportation influences market penetration and product costs. It will include speed of introduction of new technologies, innovations/developments and consumer buying options and so on.In the case, with the technological develop, the beer can be bottled and selling in the market. Because of this, people isn’t need to drink beer only in the pubs. This can decrease the sell share of the J D Wetherspoon.5.L: legal forces, such as product safety influences design, and trading practicesinfluence how businesses conduct themselves in the market. It may include like employment law, healthy and safety, company law and consumer protection and so on.In the case, the government issued policies to limit the wine drinking, and the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at sametime. All of these legal force could have influence on J D Wetherspoon.(b).The analysis of the organization’s internal and external strategic environment is referred to as a SWOT analysis. SWOT is an acronym for strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. The SWOT analysis is a very popular tool with managers because it is quick and easy to learn.S: in the case, J D Wetherspoon claimed that people are its best asset. 20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners. The company provide lifelong training and adopt he staff suggestion, and communicate with them, J D Wetherspoon provide quiet environment and the service are always satisfied the consumer demand, all of these can protect the company develop well.W: the food in pubs of J D Wetherspoon, it supports complimentary crisps withbaguettes, this kind is bad for customers’ health and it didn’t distinguish the hot degree, this might cause customer’s discontented for the J D Wetherspoon. It also doesn’t have children’s meals. This will let the customers of adult unconvenient, and it may because the children are hurt. All of these can loss the customers.O:J D Wetherspoon is managing he pub style as ‘quiet’. But now, it acquired the Lloyds pub chain, J D Wetherspoon develop it as another style. This kind of pub’s music dazed outlets with a much stronger entertainment element and show TV programs, this can attract much more customers. The company also begun developing budget hotel, this can develop another market and increase the profit of J D Wetherspoon.T: J D Wetherspoon faced many computers, like Regent Inns, Punch Taverns and the supermarket. They will strive the share of market and the customer. The government policy also influences it. Like the limit of brewing and drink beer in the century of the city, this also can decrease the share of J D Wetherspoon.(c).Through a SWOT analysis an organization can assess its current position and make comparisons with competitors in order to plan activities and resources appropriately. It is the first stage of planning and helps managers to focus on key issues. It is important remember when carrying out a SWOT analysis that it is not absolute.Simple rules for successful SWOT analysis like next:Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of the organization.Analysis should distinguish between where your organization is today, and where be in the future.Be specific. Avoid grey areas.Always analysis in relation to the competition.Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over-analysis.SWOT analysis is a kind of subjective and short term in its nature, so it can’t use to analysis long-term situation.For example, when you analysis the opportunities, you can think about: where are the good opportunities available to our organization？Section 2:(a).1. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it isa system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. It acts as the social glue which holds the organization together. Research shows that the culture of an organization can significantly affect the way in which the company operates, particularly in terms of its effectiveness. Shared values become embodied in the organization’s ideology or philosophy and act as a quite to behav ior and ways of dealing with anxiety.In J D Wetherspoon pubs, it says that people are its best asset. The company is satisfied the staff, so this is its organizational culture. It has a flexible training policy which enables people from all kinds of different backgrounds to join the company. It is committed to lifelong training and it provides staff with opportunities to gain relevant qualifications such as those offered by the British Institute of Innkeeping, 20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners.2. Basic assumptions at a very fundamental, almost subconscious, level tell employees how to perceive, think and feel about things. These are the elements of culture are unseen and not openly identified in the day-to-day interactions of the member s of the organization. Culture elements at this level exist as ‘unspoken rules’ and are rarely discussed within the organization. They direct the way events and actions are perceived and interpreted by the organization.In the case, J D Wetherspoon create a quarter of the space in each establishment is non-smoking.(b).A kind of recognized model of organizational culture is Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy. It is based on how quickly organizations receive or strategies and the level of risk that they take. Deal and Kennedy stated that these two factors gave rise to four generic types of cultures, which they called tough guy/macho culture, work hard/play hard culture, bet-the-company culture and process culture. Through the case, we can know Tim Martin is a ‘big man’ in his company; he manages the company with his mind and idea, it company is include by the food industry, all the staff work hard every day, and then they will have a holiday for several days. So J D Wetherspoon is suit the tough work hard/pay hard culture.The work hard/pay hard culture’s core value is keeping good customer service. In the case, the company has a ‘lifestyle guarantee’ which aims to give managers time for a life outside work. Another key aspect of the company’s operation is ‘invo lvement and communication’. Staffs are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of Board meetings. The company alwayspays highly attention to the staff and the customers, and the information’s high-speed recreation, and the company also does these suggestions quickly. (c).Culture is something every organization has, but it is not a concrete entity. The culture of an organization impacts upon how that organization reacts to change and it also explains what an organizations stands for. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. The founders of the organization have traditionally had a major impact on the organization’s early culture. Through the culture and the behaviors, in the company, the company built the pubs environment very quiet and let its staff work hard in several days and have a holiday in several days.So, a kind of culture will have a kind of behavior.(d).The other type of Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy of recognized model of organizational culture is process culture, it is focus on details and process excellence. However, the stress may come from internal politics and stupidity of the system. This kind of culture has slow feedback/reward and low risk. As a food industry, it pays attention on the result about the customers satisfied. So it isn’t paying much attention on the details and process. If the company becomes the process culture, it will bog down with how things are done and not with what is to be achieved.Section 3:(a)In the Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), there are three strategies: cost leadership, differentiation and segmentation, niche or focus strategy.1.Cost leadership is a low cost leader---gain competitive advantage from being ableto produce at the lowest cost---‘cost advantage is the focuses’, the low cost doesn’t mean low price---gain the benefits. It in a broad market scope environment where it has a kind of substitute products and power competition.2.Differentiation is differentiated goods and services satisfy the needs of customers,and the companies can de-sensitize prices and focuses on value-higher price and a better margin. So it needs to incur additional costs in creating its competitive advantage. It in a broad market scope environment is in that the customers’ loyalty can help the company limited and reduce new entrants and competitors.3.The segmentation, niche or focus strategy is included cost focus and focusdifferentiation.The cost focus is a form aims at being the lows cost producer in that niche or segment, it in a narrow market scope environment like low cost than the differentiation in a niche.The focus differentiation is a firm creates competitive advantage through differentiation within the niche or segment. Its potential problems are small, specialist niches could disappear in the long term. Its associated environment is in the narrow market scope, you can use a special product from the major developed market competitors who have different purposes.(b)In the case, during the1980s and 1990S the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. And it is developing a style that is quiet, healthy and satisfied environment. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. This style is more different with others.In our case, all of these we have said, during the 1980s and 1990s, J D Wetherspoon is a pub chain, it has many pubs, the company’s aim is to manage the pub to satisfied with the customer, and it is always make its strategy in the pub chain, its all of actions like provide cheap beer and non-smoking area and so on, which are all of set the main point to its pub manage style.So I advise that the company’s situation is suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.From the strategy, J D Wetherspoon gets more benefits, here I only identify four about it: the company build its own style and brand, it has its own customer group, the expansion about share and scope is growing quickly, and the benefits is more than before.(c)During the 21st century, J D Weterspoon was facing much mire competition, and through the government’s policy limited, its develop was decrease and slowly, then it begain to change its style and acquired others, it serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning, support the family dining area, show televised football and so on. The company also began to manage other area like the hotel.So it suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), segmentation, niche or focus strategy.During the1980s and 1990s, the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. It is Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.During the 21st century, it also pays attention to the staff, but it try to change its style, manage motel, and the food what has provided.(d)When a company was changing business strategy, it must be considering the factors, so as J D Wetherspoon .Exterior environment: by the start of the twenty first century, because of the retail licensing market had adapt to the changes in the “tied house”system and other competitor had been adapted it and developing their business. So J D Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. Many other competitors run the pub and receive the pay rent, this situation lead to saturation of the pub market. So J D Wetherspoon needs to change its business strategy.Policy: during 2002-2004, government allows the supermarket began selling drinks, particularly premium larger, at loss-leader prices. This means that the pub can not compare with supermarket in price. On the other hand, government concern about binge drinking and the consequent ant special behaviors,particularly in city centers. This lead the decrease of new pub number and shares of case form. They must to change to save their company.(e)Strategy is many things like plan, pattern, position, ploy and perspective. As position, strategy is the stance organizations take. Organizations can choose to: be a specialist provider; be the low-cost provider and so on. In the case, we can know that: at first, it supplies special environment quiet, clean, non-smoking to others. During the development of pubs, they all became to do special environment like that. Then J D W began to serve breakfast, show World Cup football and so on, it also develop new brand like ”L N O”, and begun developing budget hotel as “Wetherlodges”to change its strategy, all these process of strategy from differentiation to focus on difference strategy choosing is its strategic choice. So the strategy choosing is a process.(f)Key issues in the management of a business strategy like next:Market/industry knowledgeSufficiency of resources and capabilitiesOffering consumers ’a unique value ’ perceived or realEstablishing a key ’differentiator’Consistent communication consistentlyManagement must keep change feasible and StructureRecognize the principal causes of strategic change.About the J D Wetherspoon, I will talk about two points:Consistent communication consistently. In the J D Wetherspoon, ‘movement and communication’, staffs are keeping in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of broad meeting. And JD Wetherspoon attend to listen to the staff voice, like their suggestionswetherspoon’s ‘listening’ policy is based on a system successfully pioneered by the hi-foreteller, richer sounds.Establishing a key ‘differentiator’. During the development and growth of the company, it provides real ale beers at relatively low prices and care about child and disable, it build non-smoking area to keep health for the customers.Section 4:(a)Because of the two powers about restraining forces and driving forces take effect. The strategy of J D Wetherspoon changed over time. Through two forces of restraining is the force working against desired changes. And the other force of diving is the force of working for desired changes.If the diving force is stronger than restraining force, then the firm will be changing. The leader could compare the two forces, and consider the company need to change or not. Next we will talk about J D Wetherspoon’s driving force and restraining forces.1.Driving forces: The increase competition, many competitors run pubs to rentthe money.Government takes many police like concern about binge drinking,and thought it is anti-social behaviors.The changing market, the market appears to be over-supplied.2.Restraining forces: Inertia (habit) of the J D Wetherspoon, like their staff, they havehabit to their ruler and management. They want the steadyenvironment of work.Strength of culture in the J D Wetherspoon is very strong, the culturehas a strong effect on J D Wetherspoon and its staff and its structure.(b)The big changes from business ethics is a mainly factor in the J D Wetherspoon.In the case, the government concern about binge drinking and think it is an anti-social behaviors, and it is particularly in the city canters. The situation of pub wasn’t been saw to be encouraging brings them bad policing. The event causes a bad effect on J D Wetherspoon.The bad influence on J D Wetherspoon about profit and shares and sales. Tim Martin now as an executive, he had give up his power through daily time. So the business ethics is very important factors for J D Wetherspoon.(c)The role of management of J D Wetherspoon dealing with the changes is like next:Establishing directions: developing a vision of the future often in the distant future, and strategies for producing the changes needed to achieve that vision. During the J D Wetherspoon’s development and grows, the firm sale bear in cheap price, take non-smoking area, provide television program and so on. All of these means J D Wetherspoon adopt the above behavior to reply change.Aligning people: communicating direction in words and deeds to all whose cooperation may be need so as to influence the creation of teams and coalitions that understand the vision and strategies and accept their validity. About the J D Wetherspoon, it communicates and knows about customers needs, then change its business, like breakfast serving in the morning before normal time at 11:00 a.m.Motivating and inspiring: energizing people to overcome major political, bureaucratic and resource barriers to change by satisfying basic, but often unfulfilled, human needs. Monitoring organizing and results, through find the careless to solve the problems. The leader should fide out the difference between JD Wetherspoon and others. It always needs to communication with people, knowtheir needs and solve them, help them to adapt the changes in the company. (d)I will give some suggestions to J D Wetherspoon’s management, in order to help them analysis a change situation. I am introducing the three-step conceptual framework from Kurt Lewin to management. He has introduced the three-step change model in 1951 and has agreed the change that should be involved and concerned with the three stages and the individuals.The three stages like next:Unfreezing the present. Reducing the forces maintaining the organization in its present situation. Recognizing the need for change and important.In this stage, management need let their employees know the importance of the change. In the 21th centaury of the case of J D Wetherspoon, it faced more competition. Some other retail pub chains had been developing their business,and some of the pub are increasing the market appears to be over-supplied. The government limited the drinking and the consequent anti-social behavior. In a word, the market share, profit and sales are decreasing. So the company needs to change.Moving to the new level. Shifting the behavior of the organization to a new level by encouraging staff to adopt mew behavior and attitudes. The implementation of the change.In this stage, the employee needs to accept the mew business culture with the management’s help. Leader can use motivate methods to encourage employees say yes to the change. For instance, they can give rewards to employees, or so benefits. About J D Wetherspoon, it has some changes like: most pubs have a dedicated family dining area where children and their parents can eat together, and the pub began to serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning, and pubs start to show TV program and the television football, and so on.Refreezing the new level. Stabilizing the organization in its new state of equilibrium by, for example, establishing a new culture or new structure that reinforces the change.In this stage, the behavior and attitudes of the employees needs managers’force to treat and adapt the new culture, and monitor is essential. Managers need to ensure the business changes’attitudes and concepts and the new business culture. The company of this case should adapt a number of methods to strength change and achieve fully implement the change.If it needs ensure the successful about fully implement change. We need adapt Kotter and Schlesinger’s management style in order to dealing with the resistance to change.Education and communication. In this method, leader needn’t presume the information and knowledge and passed downward through the organization automatically, on the other hand, they should communicate with the employee in every stage of change. In J D Wetherspoon, it adopts a key aspect of operation about “involvement and communication”. Employees always keep touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of board meetings. J D Wetherspoon does well in the acting and listening for their business. J D Wetherspoon can effectively use the method to communicate with staffs.In education aspects, J D Wetherspoon need set train classes for employees to improve the themselves, and ensure that staffs could adapt the new business culture and structures. In order to reduce the feel of worry, then will positive to change. Staffs clear up any misunderstandings and receive the full facts, the resistance will subside.Participation: the leader should let the employees to consultation process, and ensure them could obtain enough information of change. The manager also take them know they are valued; their opinion is valued for the company. This situation can ensure their information is right and immediate, and ensure the combat rumor and effectively combat employees feel they have lake ofinformation and communication. So it is difficult for individuals to resist change the idea in which they have participated.。
HND 商务文化策略1
Report on Business Cultureand StrategyCandidate No.:Candidate Name :Tutor :Nov 2th, 2015Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyPEST analysisPEST analysis include social factor, technology factor, economic factor and legal factor, which is used to analyze the influence of the external environment to the organization. In this case, social factor, for example, J D Wetherspoon sell a wide range of real ale relatively low prices. Wide range can meet customers’ need well and low price will add the conversion cost of customers which promote sales. Other social factor is that J D Wetherspoon serve food which is available all day and sold at relatively cheap prices.Technology factor has limited influence to J D. Free WI-FI and TV screen provide convenience for customers.Currency condition and national income are major element of economic factor. In this case, in 2004 it remove price incentives to drink larger measures of spirits and reduced the amount of alcohol in its cocktail pitchers which has an adverse effect on sales of spirits and cocktails. If national income increase, citizen’ consumption will increase.Legal factors have limited effect to company as much as technology factors. In this case, tied house system had been broken by ruling from the MMC which severely limited the number of pubs which a brewer could operate. Other hand, government is concerning about binge drinking and the consequent anti- social behavior. It may reduce sales.Political factor is MMC and binge drinking. In case, tied house system had been broken by a ruling from the MMC which limited the number of pubs. Increasing public concern about binge drinking and the consequent anti-social behavior. These impact the sale.SWOT analysisIn SWOT analyse, S and W belong interior factors and external factor include W and T. Advantage of strength are reflected following circumstances. Training courses, area meetings and shift management meetings form part of the working week which will notencroach into staff leisure time. It can improve staff’ loyalty, and competitor do not take them. The other circumstances is that it is committed to lifelong training and it provides staff with opportunities to gain relevant qualifications such as those offered by British Institute of Innkeeping. These can keep staff and avoid outstanding employee quitting.Weakness are reflected these aspect. Music and TV programmes. J D Wetherspoon do not play music and show TV programmes which reduce its allure so that competitive advantages is lower than competitors.About opportunities, J D wetherspoon has developed the ‘Lloyds Number One Bar’ brand and greatly increased the number of outlets. New product can attract attention of customers. If the new product’s quality is good, J D’s sales will increase.Secondly future new outlets will be divided between the J D wetherspoon and Lloyds No1 Bar brand. Reasonable market segments will expand sales.Threat are from concern about binge drinking and the consequent anti-social behavior. It will reduce sales seriously. Even more, due to opportunities are less, J D must be impacted from environment, advantages are probably to be covered by threat. Apart from these point, there also are some competitors in pubs industries.GuidelinesIn the earlier stage of planning, company should use SWOT analysis to compare with competitors so that senior managers can plan activities and distribute resource well. SWOT analysis must be specific and avoid ambiguous areas. The analysis also should be linked with competition and should not be long and complex. SWOT analysis is a kind of subjective and short term in its nature, so it can‟t use to analysis long-term situation.The analysis is changing. S and W is familiar with O and T each other. Former opportunities and threat is reflected by present strength and weakness. J D Wetherspoon。
HND商务文化与策略知识讲解
H N D商务文化与策略Assessment task 1Outcome coveredAll outcomes (1-5)Section 1:(a).The PESTEL analysis heading are a framework in which environmental influence are categorized into six main types: political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, environmental and legal.1.P: political forces, as the political arena has a huge influence upon the regulationof business and the spending of consumers and other businesses. The political is including government stability, taxation policy, social welfare policies and the trade regulations.In our case of J D Wetherspoon plc, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. And the government pays attention for the disadvantage.2. E: economic forces, as the state of a trading economy in the short-term and long-term influence the wealth of a population. The economic is including interest rates, inflation, and disposable income and product seasonality and so on.About the J D Wetherspoon plc, in the start of twenty first century, J D Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. The retail licensing marking had adapted to the changes in the ‘tied house’ system and other retail pub chains like Regent Inns and Punch Taverns had been developing their businesses. And the supermarket began selling drinks also have influence on the company.3.S: socio-cultural forces. Such as religion and demographics impact upon productdesign and spending by consumers. It includes lifestyle trends, education level, population demographics and social responsbilityIn the case, people more and more carefully to take attention on their health, so they began to reduce the wine drinking. Then J D Wetherspon plc develops a kind of low ethanol wine.4.T: technological forces, such as information technology influences productionmethods, and transportation influences market penetration and product costs. It will include speed of introduction of new technologies, innovations/developments and consumer buying options and so on.In the case, with the technological develop; the beer can be bottled and selling in the market. Because of this, people aren’t need to drink beer only in the pubs. This can decrease the sell share of the J D Wetherspoon.5.L: legal forces, such as product safety influences design, and trading practicesinfluence how businesses conduct themselves in the market. It may include likeemployment law, healthy and safety, company law and consumer protection and so on.In the case, the government issued policies to limit the wine drinking, and the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. All of this legal force could have influence on J D Wetherspoon.(b).The analysis of the organization’s internal and external strategic environment is referred to as a SWOT analysis. SWOT is an acronym for strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. The SWOT analysis is a very popular tool with managersmanagers began as bar staff or cleaners. The company provide lifelong training and adopt he staff suggestion, and communicate with them, J D Wetherspoon provide quiet environment and the service are always satisfied the consumer demand, all of these can protect the company develop well.W: the food in pubs of J D Wetherspoon, it supports complimentary crisps with baguettes, this kind is bad for customers’ health and it didn’t distinguish the hot degree, this might cause customer’s discontented for the J D Wetherspoon. It also doesn’t have children’s meals. This will let the cus tomers of adult unconvenient, and it may because the children are hurt. All of these can loss the customers.O:J D Wetherspoon is managing he pub style as ‘quiet’. But now, it acquired the Lloyds pub chain, J D Wetherspoon develop it as another style. Thi s kind of pub’s music dazed outlets with a much stronger entertainment element and show TV programs, this can attract much more customers. The company also begundeveloping budget hotel, this can develop another market and increase the profit of J D Wetherspoon.T: J D Wetherspoon faced many computers, like Regent Inns, Punch Taverns and the supermarket. They will strive the share of market and the customer. Thegovernment policy also influences it. Like the limit of brewing and drink beer in the century of the city, this also can decrease the share of J D Wetherspoon. (c).Through a SWOT analysis an organization can assess its current position and make comparisons with competitors in order to plan activities and resources appropriately.It is the first stage of planning and helps managers to focus on key issues. It is important remember when carrying out a SWOT analysis that it is not absolute. Simple rules for successful SWOT analysis like next:Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of the organization.Analysis should distinguish between where your organization is today, and where be in the future.Be specific. Avoid grey areas.Always analysis in relation to the competition.Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over-analysis.SW OT analysis is a kind of subjective and short term in its nature, so it can’t use to analysis long-term situation.For example, when you analysis the opportunities, you can think about: where are the good opportunities available to our organization？Section 2:(a).1. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. It acts as the social glue which holds the organization together. Research shows that the culture of an organization can significantly affect the way in which the company operates, particularly in terms of its effectiveness. Shared values become embodied in the organization’s ideology or philosophy and act as a quite to behavior and ways of dealing with anxiety.In J D Wetherspoon pubs, it says that people are its best asset. The company is satisfied the staff, so this is its organizational culture. It has a flexible training policy which enables people from all kinds of different backgrounds to join the company. It is committed to lifelong training and it provides staff with opportunities to gain relevant qualifications such as those offered by the British Institute of Innkeeping, 20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners.2. Basic assumptions at a very fundamental, almost subconscious, level tell employees how to perceive, think and feel about things. These are the elements of culture are unseen and not openly identified in the day-to-day interactions of the members of the organization. Culture elements at this level exist as ‘unspoken rules’ and are rarely discussed within the organization. They direct the way events and actions are perceived and interpreted by the organization.In the case, J D Wetherspoon create a quarter of the space in each establishment is non-smoking.(b).A kind of recognized model of organizational culture is Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy. It is based on how quickly organizations receive or strategies and the level of risk that they take. Deal and Kennedy stated that these two factors gave rise to four generic types of cultures, which they called tough guy/macho culture, work hard/play hard culture, bet-the-company culture and process culture. Through the case, we canknow T im Martin is a ‘big man’ in his company; he manages the company with his mind and idea, it company is include by the food industry, all the staff work hard every day, and then they will have a holiday for several days. So J D Wetherspoon is suit the tough work hard/pay hard culture.The work hard/pay hard culture’s core value is keeping good customer service. In the case, the company has a ‘lifestyle guarantee’ which aims to give managers time for a life outside work. Another key aspect of the company’s operation is ‘involvement and communication’. Staffs are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of Board meetings. The company always pays highly attention to the staff and the customers, and the informat ion’s high-speed recreation, and the company also does these suggestions quickly. (c).Culture is something every organization has, but it is not a concrete entity. The culture of an organization impacts upon how that organization reacts to change and it also explains what an organizations stands for. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. The founders of theorg anization have traditionally had a major impact on the organization’s early culture. Through the culture and the behaviors, in the company, the company built the pubs environment very quiet and let its staff work hard in several days and have a holiday in several days.So, a kind of culture will have a kind of behavior.(d).The other type of Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy of recognized model of organizational culture is process culture; it is focus on details and process excellence. However, the stress may come from internal politics and stupidity of the system. This kind of culture has slow feedback/reward and low risk. As a food industry, it pays attention on the result about the customers satisfied. So it isn’t paying much attention on the details and process. If the company becomes the process culture, it will bog down with how things are done and not with what is to be achieved.Section 3:(a)In the Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), there are three strategies: cost leadership, differentiation and segmentation, niche or focus strategy.1.Cost leadership is a low cost leader---gain competitive advantage from being ableto produce at the lowest cost---‘cost advantage is the focuses’, the low costdoesn’t mean low price---gain the benefits. It in a broad market scopeenvironment where it has a kind of substitute products and power competition. 2.Differentiation is differentiated goods and services satisfy the needs of customers,and the companies can de-sensitize prices and focuses on value-higher price and a better margin. So it needs to incur additional costs in creating its competitiveadvantage. It in a broad market scope environment is in that the customers’loyalty can help the company limited and reduce new entrants and competitors. 3.The segmentation, niche or focus strategy is included cost focus and focusdifferentiation.The cost focus is a form aims at being the lows cost producer in that niche or segment, it in a narrow market scope environment like low cost than thedifferentiation in a niche.The focus differentiation is a firm creates competitive advantage through differentiation within the niche or segment. Its potential problems are small,specialist niches could disappear in the long term. Its associated environmentis in the narrow market scope, you can use a special product from the majordeveloped market competitors who have different purposes.(b)In the case, during the1980s and 1990S the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. And it is developing a style that is quiet, healthy and satisfied environment. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. This style is more different with others.In our case, all of these we have said, during the 1980s and 1990s, J D Wetherspoon is a pub chain, it has many pubs, the company’s aim is to manage the pub to satisfied with the customer, and it is always make its strategy in the pub chain, its all of actions like provide cheap beer and non-smoking area and so on, which are all of set the main point to its pub manage style.So I advise that the company’s situation is suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.From the strategy, J D Wetherspoon gets more benefits; here I only identify four about it: the company builds its own style and brand, it has its own customer group, the expansion about share and scope is growing quickly, and the benefits are more than before.(c)During the 21st century, J D Weterspoon was facing much mire competition, and through the government’s policy limited, its develop was decrease and slowly, then it begain to change its style and acquired others, it serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning, support the family dining area, show televised football and so on. The company also began to manage other area like the hotel.So it suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), segmentation, niche or focus strategy.During the1980s and 1990s, the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. It is Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.During the 21st century, it also pays attention to the staff, but it try to change its style, manage motel, and the food what has provided.(d)when a company was changing business strategy, it must be considering the factors, so as J D Wetherspoon .Exterior environment: by the start of the twenty first century, because of the retail licensing market had adapt to the changes in the “tied house” systemand other competitor had been adapted it and developing their business. So JD Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. Many other competitorsrun the pub and receive the pay rent, this situation lead to saturation of thepub market. So J D Wetherspoon needs to change its business strategy.Policy: during 2002-2004, government allows the supermarket began selling drinks, particularly premium larger, at loss-leader prices. This means that thepub can not compare with supermarket in price. On the other hand,government concern about binge drinking and the consequent ant specialbehaviors, particularly in city centers. This lead the decrease of new pubnumber and shares of J D Wetherspoon. They must to change to save theircompany.(e)(f)Key issues in the management of a business strategy like next:Market/industry knowledgeSufficiency of resources and capabilitiesOffering consumers ’a unique value ’ perceived or realEstablishing a key ’differentiator’Consistent communication consistentlyManagement must keep change feasibleStructureRecognize the principal causes of strategic change.About the J D Wetherspoon, I will talk about two points:Consistent communication consistently. In the J D Wetherspoon, ‘movement and communication’, staffs are keeping in touch with weekly newsletters, amonthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of broad meeting.And J D Wetherspoon attend to listen to the staff voice, like their suggestions wetherspoon’s ‘listening’ policy is based on a system successfully pioneeredby the hi-foreteller, richer sounds.Establishing a key ‘differentiator’. During the development and growth of the company, the company provide real ale beers at relatively low prices and care about child and disable, it build non-smoking area to keep health for thecustomers.Section 4:(a)Because of the two powers about restraining forces and driving forces take effect. Thestrategy of J D Wetherspoon changed over time. Through two forces of restraining isthe force working against desired changes. And the other force of diving is the forceof working for desired changes.If the diving force is stronger than restraining force, then the firm will be changing.The leader could compare the two forces, and consider the company need to changeor not.Next we will talk about J D Wetherspoon’s driving force and restraining forces.1.Driving forces: The increase competition, many competitors run pubs to rentthe money.Government takes many police like concern about binge drinking, andthought it is anti-social behaviors.The changing market, the market appears to be over-supplied.2.Restraining forces: Inertia (habit) of the J D Wetherspoon, like their staff, theyhave habit to their ruler and management. They want the steadyenvironment of work.Strength of culture in the J D Wetherspoon is very strong, theculture has a strong effect on J D Wetherspoon and its staff andits structure.(b)The big changes from business ethics is a mainly factor in the J D Wetherspoon.In the case, the government concern about binge drinking and think it is an anti-socialbehaviors, and it is particularly in the city canters. The situation of pub wasn’t beensaw to be encouraging brings them bad policing. The event causes a bad effect on J D Wetherspoon.The bad influence on J D Wetherspoon about profit and shares and sales. Tim Martinnow as an executive, he had give up his power through daily time. So the businessethics is very important factors for J D Wetherspoon.(c)The role of management of J D Wetherspoon dealing with the changes is like next:Establishing directions: developing a vision of the future often in the distantfuture, and strategies for producing the changes needed to achieve that vision.During the J D Wetherspoon’s development and grows, the firm sale bear incheap price, take non-smoking area, provide television program and so on. All ofthese means J D Wetherspoon adopt the above behavior to reply change.Aligning people: communicating direction in words and deeds to all whosecooperation may be need so as to influence the creation of teams and coalitionsthat understand the vision and strategies and accept their validity. About the J DWetherspoon, it communicates and knows about customers needs, then changesits business, like breakfast serving in the morning before normal time at 11:00a.m.Motivating and inspiring: energizing people to overcome major political, bureaucratic and resource barriers to change by satisfying basic, but oftenunfulfilled, human needs. Monitoring organizing and results, through find the careless to solve the problems. The leader should fide out the difference between J D Wetherspoon and others. It always needs to communication with people,know their needs and solve them, help them to adapt the changes in the company.。
HND商务文化与策略
HND商务文化与策略商务文化与策略是指企业在开展商务活动过程中所遵循的一套共同原则和行为准则。
商务文化是企业内部及与外部合作伙伴之间交流中显现出来的共享价值观、信念、态度和行为方式，而商务策略则是企业在市场竞争中所采取的规划和决策。
商务文化与策略的关系密不可分。
商务文化对于企业的发展具有重要的影响力。
企业秉持一种积极、诚信、创新和负责任的商务文化，能够加强员工的凝聚力和自律性，提高企业形象和竞争力，增强与合作伙伴之间的互信和合作，进而推动企业的持续发展。
商务文化还可以对形成企业特有的核心竞争力和品牌形象起到重要的作用。
商务策略是企业在竞争激烈的市场环境中，通过各种手段和方法来实现企业目标和利益最大化的规划和决策。
商务策略要适应市场环境的变化，与企业的商务文化相衔接，以提高企业的竞争力和市场份额。
商务策略的制定需要考虑到企业自身的优势和劣势，明确企业的目标与使命，分析市场需求和竞争对手的行为，选择适合的市场定位和竞争战略，并进行有效的执行和控制。
在制定商务策略时，企业需要充分考虑商务文化对策略的影响。
如果企业的商务文化强调团队合作、员工发展和客户至上，那么企业的商务策略应该注重培育和发挥员工的创新能力，建设优质的服务体系，提高客户满意度。
如果企业的商务文化强调效率、竞争和结果导向，那么企业的商务策略则需要注重提高生产效率、降低成本，开拓新的市场，实现销售目标。
在国际商务中，商务文化与策略更为复杂。
不同国家和地区有不同的商务文化，企业在跨国经营时要了解和尊重当地的商务文化，以建立良好的合作关系。
同时，制定适应不同国家和地区市场需求的商务策略也是非常重要的。
总之，商务文化与策略相互影响、相互促进。
企业在制定商务策略时要根据自身的商务文化特点，选择适合的发展方向和实施方法。
合理统一商务文化与策略，有助于企业形成独特的竞争优势，增强企业在市场中的影响力和竞争力，实现可持续发展。
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Report on Business Cultureand StrategyCandidate No.:Candidate Name :Tutor :Nov 2th, 2015Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyPEST analysisPEST analysis include social factor, technology factor, economic factor and legal factor, which is used to analyze the influence of the external environment to the organization. In this case, social factor, for example, J D Wetherspoon sell a wide range of real ale relatively low prices. Wide range can meet customers’ need well and low price will add the conversion cost of customers which promote sales. Other social factor is that J D Wetherspoon serve food which is available all day and sold at relatively cheap prices.Technology factor has limited influence to J D. Free WI-FI and TV screen provide convenience for customers.Currency condition and national income are major element of economic factor. In this case, in 2004 it remove price incentives to drink larger measures of spirits and reduced the amount of alcohol in its cocktail pitchers which has an adverse effect on sales of spirits and cocktails. If national income increase, citizen’ consumption will increase.Legal factors have limited effect to company as much as technology factors. In this case, tied house system had been broken by ruling from the MMC which severely limited the number of pubs which a brewer could operate. Other hand, government is concerning about binge drinking and the consequent anti- social behavior. It may reduce sales.Political factor is MMC and binge drinking. In case, tied house system had been broken by a ruling from the MMC which limited the number of pubs. Increasing public concern about binge drinking and the consequent anti-social behavior. These impact the sale.SWOT analysisIn SWOT analyse, S and W belong interior factors and external factor include W and T. Advantage of strength are reflected following circumstances. Training courses, area meetings and shift management meetings form part of the working week which will notencroach into staff leisure time. It can improve staff’ loyalty, and competitor do not take them. The other circumstances is that it is committed to lifelong training and it provides staff with opportunities to gain relevant qualifications such as those offered by British Institute of Innkeeping. These can keep staff and avoid outstanding employee quitting.Weakness are reflected these aspect. Music and TV programmes. J D Wetherspoon do not play music and show TV programmes which reduce its allure so that competitive advantages is lower than competitors.About opportunities, J D wetherspoon has developed the ‘Lloyds Number One Bar’ brand and greatly increased the number of outlets. New product can attract attention of customers. If the new product’s quality is good, J D’s sales will increase.Secondly future new outlets will be divided between the J D wetherspoon and Lloyds No1 Bar brand. Reasonable market segments will expand sales.Threat are from concern about binge drinking and the consequent anti-social behavior. It will reduce sales seriously. Even more, due to opportunities are less, J D must be impacted from environment, advantages are probably to be covered by threat. Apart from these point, there also are some competitors in pubs industries.GuidelinesIn the earlier stage of planning, company should use SWOT analysis to compare with competitors so that senior managers can plan activities and distribute resource well. SWOT analysis must be specific and avoid ambiguous areas. The analysis also should be linked with competition and should not be long and complex. SWOT analysis is a kind of subjective and short term in its nature, so it can‟t use to analysis long-term situation.The analysis is changing. S and W is familiar with O and T each other. Former opportunities and threat is reflected by present strength and weakness. J D Wetherspoonalso needs to make plan for anticipated changes so that be fully prepared to meet them.S and W is interior factor. O and T is external factor. Before using SWOT analysis, managers should refer some relative material. J D Wetherspoon needs to control their SWOT, specially at the times of crisis, and deal with the changes that have already occurred.Value and assumptionculture is the outcome of the shared experiences arising from an organisation's attempts to resolve fundamental problems of adapting to the external world and achieving internal intergration and consitency. Culture is something every organisation has, but it is not a concrete entity. Value and assumption belongs the level of culture.Value is high-profile symbol include strategy, misson, statement and goals. In this case, as well as ensuring that the site was big enough, this strategy of organic growth enabled the company to choose locations which it considered suitable for pubs of its type. Statement also has been mentioned in case, Share value act as a quite to behavior and ways of dealing with anxiety. J D Wetherspoon has a ‘lifestyle guarantee’which aims to give managers time for a life outside work, which can reduce staff’ pressure.Assumption is low-profile symbol, which is reflected by staff or audience how to feel the rules. It is not visible. Culture elements of this level is called as unspoken rules and is rarely discussed within the organization. They direct the way events and actions are perceived and interpreted by the organization. In this case, J D Wetherspoon create a quarter of the space in each establishment is non-smoking.Model of organisation cultureThe model of organizational culture is Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy, which based on how quickly organizations receive or strategies and the level of risk that they take. Itstated that these two factors gave rise to four generic types of cultures, which they called tough guy/macho culture, work hard/play hard culture, bet-the-company culture and process culture. J D is work hard/play hard culture, because in Tim Martin’s company, the staff work hard every day, and then they will get a holiday for several days and the company also work to the food industry. This is typical in large organisations that strive for high-quality customer service. Rapid feedback and reward and low risk is the feature of work hard/play hard. In the case, J D Wethrspoon has a’lifestyle guarantee’ which aims to give managers time for a life outside work. It reduce risk from staff’ pressure to quitted. Another key aspect of the company’s operation is ‘involvement and communication’. Staffs are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of Board meetings. It promote feedback.Relationship between culture and behaviorOrganisational behaviour is the study of human behavior in organizational settings, the interface between human behavior and the organization, and the organization itself. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or the way we do things here. Every organization has culture, but culture is a abstract conception. Organisation culture can affect what company should do in next step, so, every culture will have a kind of behavior. In this case, poll and staff meeting is major embodiment. For example, Tim Martin justified them by using the results of a poll among company staff which showed that 90% were against the single currency and 95%were happy for the pubs to be used in Martin’s No’ campaign. If managers are willing to execute the choice of most staff, it can avoid autarchy. These is poll. About meeting, its staff are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicising the minutes of Board meetings.Another model of organisation cultureProcess culture also is another choice. This is slower feedback and reward than DK and low risk as much as DK. This is often associated with bureauracies. While it is easy tocritics these cultures for being overly cautious or bogged down in red tape, they do produce consistenr results, which is ideal in. There is general low stress. However stress may come from internal politics and stupidity of the system. J D stress punctuality and remain current situation. As a food industry, if J D Wetherspoon use the process culture, it will get into trouble with how things are done and with what is to be achieved.。