暨南大学翻硕英语真题汇总

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2021年暨南大学357英语翻译基础考研真题试卷(含大纲解析)

2021年暨南大学357英语翻译基础考研真题试卷(含大纲解析)

2021年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(A卷)******************************************************************************************** 招生专业与代码:英语笔译(专业学位)考试科目名称及代码:357英语翻译基础考生注意:所有答案必须写在答题纸(卷)上,写在本试题上一律不给分。

I. 词语翻译(30分)1.英译汉(15分)1.social media influencers2. A fighting chance3.When life gives you lemons, make lemonade4.Digital divide5.Work like a Trojan6.livestream marketing7.incubation period8.FYI9.Bite the bullet10.Rat race11.Freecycle12.WASC13.CIIE14.national lockdown15.contact tracing2.汉译英(15分)16.本土疫情17.起诉18.社会福利养老机构工作人员19.隐形飞机20.人均预期寿命21.新亚欧大陆桥22.综合财务报表23.卡路里摄入量24.市场化改革25.方舱医院26.贸易逆差考试科目:英汉翻译基础共 2 页,第 2 页暨南大学全日制翻译硕士专业学位(MTI)研究生入学考试考试总纲总则全国翻译硕士专业学位教育指导委员会在《全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生指导性培养方案》(见学位办[2009]23号文)中指出,MTI教育的目标是培养高层次、应用型、专业性口笔译人才。

MTI教育重视实践环节,强调翻译实践能力的培养。

全日制MTI的招生对象为具有国民教育序列大学本科学历(或本科同等学力)人员,具有良好的双语基础。

一、考试目的本考试旨在全面考察考生的双语(外语、母语)综合能力及双语翻译能力,招生院校根据考生参加本考试的成绩和《政治理论》的成绩总分(满分共计500分),参考全国统一录取分数线来选择参加复试的考生。

2023年暨南大学全国硕士真题357 英语翻译基础

2023年暨南大学全国硕士真题357 英语翻译基础
There was a hope that they would change once they retired, and the furious winds did calm somewhat, but what remained steeled itself into bright, hard bitterness. “I always thought we’d…” my mother would begin, before launching into a precise listing of my father’s faults. The chattering words were recited so often, which may often occur to me today. As he listened, father would mutter angry threats and curses. It was a miserable close match.
It wasn’t the happiest marriage, but as their 60th anniversary approached, my sister and I decided to throw a party. We’d provide the cake, the balloons, the toasts, and they’d abide by one rule: no fighting. We had a wonderful day. In hindsight it was an important celebration, because soon after, things began to change for my parents. As Alzheimer's disease settled in, their marriage was about the

暨南大学翻硕英语真题汇总

暨南大学翻硕英语真题汇总

2015年暨南大学翻硕211英语真题汇总下面是凯程考研为大家分享的2015年暨南大学211翻译硕士英语真题,供大家参考,有需要的同学请保存。

目前正值第一轮基础复习,大家要有耐心哦。

2015年全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试试题学科、专业名称:翻译硕士专业研究方向:英语笔译考试科目名称:翻译硕士英语考试科目代码:211考生注意:所有答案必须写在答题纸(卷)上,写在本试题上一律不给分。

I. Vocabulary & Grammar (30%)Directions: There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. I have planned to have the meeting today, but it has been __________ until next Monday.A. cancelledC. called offB. postponedD. transferred2. A __________ is a person who chooses to die rather than abandon his or her religious belief.A. heroC. martyrB. patriotD. traitor3. __________ is the way in which written material is arranged and prepared for printing.A. TypographyC. hand-writingB. calligraphyD. typeface4. __________ is a place where people who are in danger from other people can go to be safe.A. SanctuaryC. RelicsB. ParadiseD. Headquarter5. She decided to __________ the world and entered a convent.A. renounceC. reviveB. reproachD. revenge6. You describe a situation as a __________ when it involves two or more facts or qualities which seem to contradict each other.A. conflictC. provisionB. dilemmaD. paradox7. Don't make __________ comments out of ignorance. Don't make improper comments before you know the whole story.A. presumptuousC. harshB. quickD. easy8. Planets here show how and to what we are attached, and the degree of our __________.A. weightC. gravityB. relativityD. possessiveness9. The plane found the spot and hovered close enough to __________ that it was a car.A. examineC. ensureB. verifyD. testify10. Picking flowers in the park is absolutely __________.A. avoidedC. prohibitedB. rejectedD. repelled11. Obviously, the Chairman's remarks at the conference were __________ and not planned.A. substantialC. spontaneousB. simultaneousD. synthetic12. The professor's dedication to __________ earned him the respect of both his colleagues and students.A. teachC. being taughtB. be taughtD. teaching13. Do help yourself to some fruit, __________ you?A. can'tC. wouldn'tB. won'tD. don't14. She didn't __________ the door key to her landlord until she got back her deposit.A. hand inC. hand outB. hand downD. hand over15. You __________ me anything about it. I think it was none of my business.A. needn't have toldC. needn't tellB. mustn't have toldD. mustn't tell16. Jim was really rude to everyone in my party last night. It really __________ me __________.A. put …overC. put …offB. put …downD. put …up17. Please feel free to visit me whenever __________.A. you are convenientC. you will be convenientB. it is convenient to youD. it will be convenient to you18. I have been really __________ with the current situation in that country because my cousin was traveling there.A. worryingC. concernedB. involvedD. regretful19. Language belongs to each member of the society, to the housewife __________ to the president.A. as far asC. as long asB. as much asD. the same as20. Fat cannot change into muscle__________ muscle changes into fact.A. any more thanC. no less thanB. no more thanD. much more than21. While driving along the treacherous road, __________.A. my right rear tire blown outC. my right rear tire blows outB. I had my right rear tire blow outD. I had a blowout on my right rear tire22. Our friends said that they wouldn't mind __________.A. have a little light musicC. they have a little light musicB. to have a little light musicD. having a little light music23. __________ for his help, I'd never have been able to achieve such a success.A. If it were notC. If I had not beenB. Had it not beenD. Had it not24. Without facts, one cannot form a worthwhile opinion, for he needs to have factual knowledge __________ his thinking.A. to base on whichC. upon which to baseB. which to be based onD. which to base upon25. Science and common sense offer ways to minimize the risk of __________ climate change.A. devastatingC. demolishingB. mountingD. wrecking26. You may merely be __________ your own misery and unhappiness by comparing yourself to others.A. legitimizingC. optimizingB. validatingD. duplicating27. The storm left many parts of the island underwater and destroyed thousands of artifacts __________ from archaeological digs.A. recoveredC. exploitedB. retrievedD. rectified28. Chinese special envoy Zhang Yesui met Malaysia's Najib on Wednesday and called for "__________ efforts" to find the plane.A. fitfulC. everlastingB. unremittingD. sporadic29. According to state employment data, construction is by far the fastest growing industry in the state, __________ some job losses in the sector last month.A. thereforeC. neverthelessB. wherebyD. notwithstanding30. Most tiny houses are __________ for middle-class and wealthy families who made a conscious decision to "build better, not bigger".A. addressedC. tailoredB. reconciledD. weighed[page]II. Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: This part consists of two sections. In Section A, there are three passages followed by a total of 15 multiple-choice questions. In Section B, there is one passage followed by a total of 5 short-answer questions. Read the passages and then mark or write down your answers on the Answer Sheet.Section A Multiple-Choice Questions (30%)Passage 1Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed "intuition" to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking.Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.Isenberg's recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers' intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an "Aha!" experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that "thinking" is inseparable from acting. Since managers often "know" what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert. Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue.They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution. (453 words)31. According to the passage, senior managers use intuition in all of the following waysEXCEPT to __________.A. speed up the creation of a solution to a problemB. identify a problemC. bring together disparate factsD. stipulate clear goals32. Which of the following does the passage suggest about the "writers on management" mentioned in paragraph 2?A. They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.B. They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.C. They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.D. They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.33. Which of the following best exemplifies "an 'Aha!' experience" (para. 3) as it is presented in the passage?A. A manager risks taking an action whose outcome is unpredictable to discover whether the action changes the problem at hand.B. A manager performs well-learned and familiar behavior patterns in creative and uncharacteristic ways to solve a problem.C. A manager suddenly connects seemingly unrelated facts and experiences to create a pattern relevant to the problem at hand.D. A manager rapidly identifies the methodology used to compile data yielded by systematic analysis.34. According to the passage, the classical model of decision analysis includes all of the following EXCEPT __________.A. evaluation of a problemB. creation of possible solutions to a problemC. establishment of clear goals to be reached by the decisionD. action undertaken in order to discover more information about a problem35. According to the passage, which of the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X, who uses intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y, who uses only formal decision analysis?A. Manager X analyzes first and then acts; Manager Y does not.B. Manager X checks possible solutions to a problem by systematic analysis; Manager Y does not.C. Manager X takes action in order to arrive at the solution to a problem; Manager Y does not.D. Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution to a problem; Manager X does not.Passage 2Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:After evidence was obtained in the 1920s that the universe is expanding, it became reasonable to ask: Will the universe continue to expand indefinitely, or is there enough mass in it for the mutual attraction of its constituents to bring this expansion to a halt? It can be calculatedthat the critical density of matter needed to brake the expansion and "close" the universe is equivalent to three hydrogen atoms per cubic meter. But the density of the observable universe—luminous matter in the form of galaxies—comes to only a fraction of this. If the expansion of the universe is to stop, there must be enough invisible matter in the universe to exceed the luminous matter in density by a factor of roughly 70.Our contribution to the search for this "missing matter" has been to study the rotational velocity of galaxies at various distances from their center of rotation. It has been known for some time that outside the bright nucleus of typical spiral galaxy luminosity falls off rapidly with distance from the center. If luminosity were a true indicator of mass, most of the mass would be concentrated toward the center. Outside the nucleus the rotational velocity would decrease geometrically with distance from the center, in conformity with Kepler's law.Instead we have found that the rotational velocity in spiral galaxies either remains constant with increasing distance from the center or increases slightly. This unexpected result indicates that the falloff in luminous mass with distance from the center is balanced by an increase in nonluminous mass.Our findings suggest that as much as 90 percent of the mass of the universe is not radiating at any wave length with enough intensity to be detected on the Earth. Such dark matter could be in the form of extremely dim stars of low mass, of large planets like Jupiter, or of black holes, either small or massive. While it has not yet been determined whether this mass is sufficient to close the universe, some physicists consider it significant that estimates are converging on the critical value. (351 words)36. The passage is primarily concerned with __________.A. defending a controversial approachB. criticizing an accepted viewC. summarizing research findingsD. contrasting competing theories37. The authors' study indicates that, in comparison with the outermost regions of a typical spiral galaxy, the region just outside the nucleus can be characterized as having __________.A. higher rotational velocity and higher luminosityB. lower rotational velocity and higher luminosityC. lower rotational velocity and lower luminosityD. similar rotational velocity and higher luminosity38. The authors' suggestion that "as much as 90 percent of the mass of the universe is not radiating at any wave length with enough intensity to be detected on the Earth" would be most weakened if __________ were discovered to be true.A. Spiral galaxies are less common than types of galaxies that contain little nonluminous matter.B. Luminous and nonluminous matter are composed of the same basic elements.C. The bright nucleus of a typical spiral galaxy also contains some nonluminous matter.D. The density of the observable universe is greater than most previous estimates have suggested.39. It can be inferred from the passage that if the density of the universe were equivalent to significantly less than three hydrogen atoms per cubic meter, __________ would be true as a consequence.A. Luminosity would be a true indicator of mass.B. Different regions in spiral galaxies would rotate at the same velocity.C. The universe would continue to expand indefinitely.D. The density of the invisible matter in the universe would have to be more than 70 times the density of the luminous matter.40. The authors propose all of the following as possibly contributing to the "missing matter" in spiral galaxies EXCEPT __________.A. massive black holesB. small black holesC. small, dim starsD. massive starsPassage 3Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Jon Clark's study of the effect of the modernization of a telephone exchange on exchange maintenance work and workers is a solid contribution to a debate that encompasses two lively issues in the history and sociology of technology: technological determinism and social constructivism.Clark makes the point that the characteristics of a technology have a decisive influence on job skills and work organization. Put more strongly, technology can be a primary determinant of social and managerial organization. Clark believes this possibility has been obscured by the recent sociological fashion, exemplified by Braverman's analysis that emphasizes the way machinery reflects social choices. For Braverman, the shape of a technological system is subordinate to the manager's desire to wrest control of the labor process from the workers. Technological change is construed as the outcome of negotiations among interested parties who seek to incorporate their own interests into the design and configuration of the machinery. This position represents the new mainstream called social constructivism.The constructivists gain acceptance by misrepresenting technological determinism: technological determinists are supposed to believe, for example, that machinery imposes appropriate forms of order on society. The alternative to constructivism, in other words, is to view technology as existing outside society, capable of directly influencing skills and work organization.Clark refutes the extremes of the constructivists by both theoretical and empirical arguments. Theoretically he defines "technology" in terms of relationships between social and technical variables. Attempts to reduce the meaning of technology to cold, hard metal are bound to fail, for machinery is just scrap unless it is organized functionally and supported by appropriate systems of operation and maintenance. At the empirical level Clark shows how a change at the telephone exchange from maintenance-intensive electromechanical switches to semi electronic switching systems altered work tasks, skills, training opportunities, administration, and organization of workers. Some changes Clark attributes to the particular way management and labor unions negotiated the introduction of the technology, whereas others are seen as arising from the capabilities and nature of the technology itself.Thus Clark helps answer the question: "When is social choice decisive and when are the concrete characteristics of technology more important?" (363 words)41. The primary purpose of the passage is to __________.A. advocate a more positive attitude toward technological changeB. discuss the implications for employees of the modernization of a telephone exchangeC. consider a successful challenge to the constructivist view of technological changeD. challenge the position of advocates of technological determinism42. Which of the following statements about the modernization of the telephone exchange is supported by the passage?A. The new technology reduced the role of managers in labor negotiations.B. The modernization was implemented without the consent of the employees directly affected by it.C. The modernization had an impact that went significantly beyond maintenance routines.D. Some of the maintenance workers felt victimized by the new technology.43. Which of the following most accurately describes Clark's opinion of Braver man's position?A. He respects its wide-ranging popularity.B. He disapproves of its misplaced emphasis on the influence of managers.C. He admires the consideration it gives to the attitudes of the workers affected.D. He is concerned about its potential to impede the implementation of new technologies.44. The information in the passage suggests that Clark believes that __________ would be true if social constructivism had not gained widespread acceptance.A. Businesses would be more likely to modernize without considering the social consequences of their actions.B. There would be greater understanding of the role played by technology in producing social change.C. Businesses would be less likely to understand the attitudes of employees affected by modernization.D. Modernization would have occurred at a slower rate.45. According to the passage, which of the following did constructivists employ to promote their argument?A. Empirical studies of business situations involving technological changeB. Citation of managers supportive of their positionC. Construction of hypothetical situations that support their viewD. Contrasts of their view with a misstatement of an opposing viewSection B Short-Answer Questions (10%)Passage 4Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:In Winters v. United States (1908), the Supreme Court held that the right to use waters flowing through or adjacent to the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation was reserved to American Indians by the treaty establishing the reservation. Although this treaty did not mention water rights, the Court ruled that the federal government, when it created the reservation, intended to deal fairly with American Indians by reserving for them the waters without which their lands would have been useless. Later decisions, citing Winters, established that courts can find federal rights to reserve water for particular purposes if (1) the land in question lies within an enclave under exclusive federal jurisdiction, (2) the land has been formally withdrawn from federal public lands —., withdrawn from the stock of federal lands available for private use under federal land uselaws—and set aside or reserved, and (3) the circumstances reveal the government intended to reserve water as well as land when establishing the reservation.Some American Indian tribes have also established water rights through the courts based on their traditional diversion and use of certain waters prior to the United States' acquisition of sovereignty. For example, the Rio Grande pueblos already existed when the United States acquired sovereignty over New Mexico in 1848. Although they at that time became part of the United States, the pueblo lands never formally constituted a part of federal public lands; in any event, no treaty, statute, or executive order has ever designated or withdrawn the pueblos from public lands as American Indian reservations. This fact, however, has not barred application of the Winters doctrine. What constitutes an American Indian reservation is a question of practice, not of legal definition, and the pueblos have always been treated as reservations by the United States. This pragmatic approach is buttressed by Arizona v. California (1963), where in the Supreme Court indicated that the manner in which any type of federal reservation is created does not affect the application to it of the Winters doctrine. Therefore, the reserved water rights of Pueblo Indians have priority over other citizens' water rights as of 1848, the year in which pueblos must be considered to have become reservations.46. What rights did the treaty establishing the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation fail to identify for its inhabitants?47. What does the passage imply from the only criteria for establishing a reservation's water rights, as discussed in underlined part of the first paragraph?48. What is the relationship between Arizona v. California and the criteria in the Winters doctrine?49. What is the "pragmatic approach" defined as?50. For what purpose does the author cite the fact that the Rio Grande pueblos were never formally withdrawn from public lands?III. Writing (30%)Directions: In this part you are going to write an essay of about 400 words within 60 minutes on the topic of online anti-corruption. Write your essay on the Answer Sheet.Chinese netizens are embracing "online anti-corruption", a sign of the China's endeavor to fight wrongdoing. As reported, a large number of Chinese officials have been removed from their posts due to corruption or misconduct after investigations arising from initial clues provided by internet users. What do you think about it? You should clearly state your main argument and support it with appropriate details.。

暨南大学翻译硕士考研真题,考研招生人数

暨南大学翻译硕士考研真题,考研招生人数

暨南大学翻译硕士研究生入学考试试题考试时间:180分钟命题时间:2015年11月27日试卷分值:150分考试科目:357英语翻译基础一、短语翻译:1.Sleeping pills2.VIP3.APP4.soul mateughing stock6.black sheep7.Brain storming8.fig leaves9.walking dictionary10.smart phone11.Renaissance12.Opinion poll13.wet blanket14.A skeleton in the cupboard15.回扣16.绩点17.中医18.支付宝19.博爱20.母校21.计划22.转基因食品23.听证会24.货到付款25.往返票26.数据库27.两岸关系28.情商29.微信二、英译汉:At the theater Hargraves was known as an all-round dialect comedian,having a large repertoire of German,Irish,Swede,and black-face specialties.But Mr.Hargraves was ambitious,and often spoke of his great desire to succeed in legitimate comedy.This young man appeared to conceive a strong fancy for Major Talbot.Whenever that gentleman would begin his Southern reminiscences,or repeat some of the liveliest of the anecdotes,Hargraves could always be found,the most attentive among his listeners.For a time the Major showed an inclination to discourage the advances of the"play actor,"as he privately termed him;but soon the young man's agreeable manner and indubitable appreciation of the old gentleman's stories completely won him over. It was not long before the two were like old chums.The Major set apart each afternoon to read to him the manuscript of his book.During the anecdotes Hargraves never failed to laugh at exactly the right point.The Major was moved to declare to Miss Lydia one day that young Hargraves possessed remarkable perception and a gratifying respect for the old regime.And when it came to talking of those old days--if Major Talbot liked to talk,Mr.Hargraves was entranced to listen.Like almost all old people who talk of the past,the Major loved to linger over details. In describing the splendid,almost royal,days of the old planters,he would hesitate until he had recalled the name of the negro who held his horse,or the exact date of certain minor happenings,or the number of bales of cotton raised in such a year;but Hargraves never grew impatient or lost interest.On the contrary,he would advance questions on a variety of subjects connected with the life of that time,and he never failed to extract ready replies.汉译英:六十整岁望七十岁如攀高山。

2019年暨南大学考研真题211翻译硕士英语(A卷)硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷

2019年暨南大学考研真题211翻译硕士英语(A卷)硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷

考试科目:翻译硕士英语 共 14 页,第1页2019年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(A 卷)********************************************************************************************学科、专业名称:翻译硕士专业研 究 方 向: 英语笔译考试科目名称: 翻译硕士英语考试科目代码:211考生注意:所有答案必须写在答题纸(卷)上,写在本试题上一律不给分。

I. Vocabulary & Grammar (30%)Directions: There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there arefour words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. Education and work can be restructured to teach and ______ the skills of concentration and focus.A. proposeB. propagateC. propelD. proceed2. It's difficult to _________ the demands of my job and the desire to be a good father.A. reconcileB. combineC. relateD. integrate3. Break out of this guilt and let yourself ________ in your sense of accomplishment for what you have gotten done instead of what there is still to do.A. absorbB. indulgeC. involveD. relish4. For this, we never ________ the use of force, as it is common aspiration and sacred mission of the people of China to safeguard China’s sovereignty and also to reunify our motherland.A. declareB. renounceC. announceD. claim5. Because of his adventures, he is a person of far greater experience and ________.A. resourcefulnessB. resourcesC. considerationsD. thoughtfulness6. If a machine, railway line, or bridge is ________, it is deliberately damaged or destroyed, for example, in a war or as a protest.A. explodedB. bombedC. bombardedD. sabotaged7. Even if we could collect most of what we gave out – which we can't – a scant _______ of high-powered weapons in the hands of bad actors can be disastrous in a place where government control is weak.A. amountB. volumeC. handfulD. number。

2023年暨南大学211 翻译硕士英语考研真题试卷

2023年暨南大学211 翻译硕士英语考研真题试卷

2023年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(A卷)********************************************************************************************招生专业与代码:英语笔译055101考试科目名称及代码:翻译硕士英语211考生注意:所有答案必须写在答题纸(卷)上,写在本试题上一律不给分。

I. Vocabulary & Grammar (30%)Directions: There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose ONE answer thatbest completes the sentence. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. In parts of the Arctic, the land grades into the land-fast ice so _____ that you can walk off the coast and not know you are over the hidden sea.A. permanentlyB. imperceptiblyC. precariouslyD. relentlessly2. It would have been disingenuous of the candidate to appear _____ when her opponent won the election, but she congratulated the victor nonetheless.A. ecstaticB. crestfallenC. indifferentD. disgruntled3. In the midst of so many evasive comments, this forthright statement, whatever its intrinsic merit, plainly stands out as _____.A. a paradigmB. a misnomerC. a profundityD. an anomaly4. Ever a demanding reader of the fiction of others, the novelist Chase was likewise often the object of _____ analyses by his contemporaries.A. exactingB. copiousC. respectfulD. acerbic5. _____ this afternoon, the walls would be completely dry by tomorrow evening.A. By painting themB. If they would have been paintedC. Were they to be paintedD. After painting them6. The doctor _____ me that discomfort would disappear in a couple of days if I followed his advice.A. ensuredB. assuredC. insuredD. secured7. In Inuit culture, elaborate carving has often been used to enhance _____ objects such as harpoon heads and other tools.A. utilitarianB. functionalC. manufacturedD. ornamental考试科目:翻译硕士英语共11 页,第11 页。

暨南大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题(三)

暨南大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题(三)

暨南大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题(三)暨南大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题I. 词语翻译(30%)I.1. 英译汉(15%)1. CFO2. NATO3. AmericanGis4. G-7nations5. BoyScoutsofAmerica6. TheIvyLeague7. Lobby8. MIRSpaceStation9. Nasdaq10. NewDeal11. Chic12. tertiaryindustry13. Selfie14. Paparazzi15. MicroblogII.2.汉译英(15%)1. 拆迁2. 调控房价3. 教育公平4. 安居工程5. 农村留守人口6. 行政问责制7. 赈灾8. 养老保险9. 最低生活保障10. 传销11. 国有资产流失12. 参政议政13. 从我国国情出发14. 能上能下15. 解决民生问题II.英汉互译(120%)II.1.英译汉(60%)The past came back to him in pictures: his boyhood’s past first of all. He saw again theoldhome, every inch ofwhich was familiar tohim ashis own name; hereconstructed in his thought all the old well-known furniture, and replaced it precisely as it had stood long ago. He passed again a childish finger over the rough surface of the faded Utrecht velvet1 chairs, andsmelled again the strong fragrance of the white lilac tree, blowing in through the open parlour-window. He savoured anew the pleasant mental atmosphere produced by the dainty neatness of cultured women, the companionship of a few good pictures, of a few good books. Yet this home had been broken up years ago, the dear familiar things had been scattered far and wide, never to find themselves under the same roof again; and from those near relatives who still remained to him he lived now hopelesslyestranged.Then came the past of his first love-dream, when he worshipped at the feet of Nora Beresford, and,with thewhole-heartedness of thetrue fanatic, clothed his idolwithevery imaginable attribute of virtue and tenderness. To this day there remained a secret shrine in his heart wherein the Lady of his young ideal was still enthroned, although it was long since he had come to perceive she had nothing whatever in common with the Nora of reality. For the real Nora he had no longer any sentiment, she had passed altogether out of his life and thoughts; and yet, so permanent is all influence, whether good or evil, that the effect she wrought upon his character remained. He recognized tonight that her treatment of him in the past did not count for nothing among the various factors which haddeterminedhisfate.—- Ella D’ArcyII.2.汉译英(60%)王冕自此只在秦家放牛,每到黄昏,回家跟着母亲歇宿。

暨南大学考研英语-翻译专项试题

暨南大学考研英语-翻译专项试题

暨南大学考研英语-翻译专项试题一、考研英语翻译英译汉1. The study shows that our computers are superior to those of our competitors in terms of functions and speed.A) 研究表明,我们的计算机在功能和速度两方面都优于我们的竞争对手。

B) 研究表明,我们的计算机与我们竞争者的产品在功能和速度方面有差异。

C) 研究表明,我们的计算机在效率和速度方面都与其它厂商不同。

D) 研究表明,我们的计算机正面临着高速发展的其它厂商的竞争。

【答案】A2. us of the overcharge on your account and we have contacted the store on your behalf and are awaiting their reply.A) 承蒙告知您受到恶意透支的指控,我们已经派代表与商店联系并正在等待回音。

B) 承蒙告知您的帐户存在问题,我们已经和商店联系过并正在等待他们的回答。

C) 承蒙告知您的帐户被多扣款一事,我们已代您与商店联系,正在等待他们回复。

D) 承蒙告知有人指控您恶意透支,我们代表商店向您致歉,请您等待他们的答复。

【答案】C3.There is no way we’ll get lost in the mountains, since the tour guide has figured out the return route.A) 我们根本不会在山里迷路,因为导游已回到了原来的路线上。

B) 既然导游已经弄清了返程的路线,我们就绝不会在山里迷路。

C) 因为我们在山里迷失了方向无路可走,导游只好按原路返回。

D) ,所以导游一直都在寻找返回的路线。

【答案】B4. With all its disadvantages, the new design they have submitted should still be considered as one of the best at present.A) 尽管他们提交的这个新设计有种种不足,但仍应视为目前最佳设计之一。

暨南大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题及答案(一)

暨南大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题及答案(一)

暨南大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题及答案(一)暨南大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题及答案I. Phrase Translation (30 points)1. Big Ben: (伦敦英国议会大厦钟楼上的)大本钟; 大笨钟2. CPI: 居民消费价格指数(Consumer Price Index);消费者物价指数3. Culture shock: 文化冲击,文化震惊(突然处于一个与前大不相同的社会和文化环境中因而感到困惑、忧虑、烦恼的心情)4. FIFA: 国际足球联盟(Federation Internationale de Football Association)5. FOB: 离岸价(free on board);离岸价格6. Force majeure: 不可抗力7. Intellectual property rights: 知识产权8. Language Acquisition Device: 语言习得装置;语言习得机制9. Weapons of mass destruction: 大规模毁灭性武器10. National Security Council: 美国国家安全委员会11. NASDAQ: 全国证券交易商协会自动报价表(National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation); 美国纳斯达克12. Swine flu: 猪流感13. Word processing system: 文字处理系统14. Wuthering Heights: 《呼啸山庄》(艾米莉·勃朗特于1848年出版的一本小说)15. The Christian Science Monitor: 《基督科学箴言报》(是美国的一份国际性日报。

)Section B Chinese to English (15 points)1. 保单号:Policy number2. 财产保险:property insurance3. 拆迁补偿费:compensation for demolition;compensation for demolition and resettlement4. 孔子学院:Confucius Institute5. 发改委:National Development and Reform Commission6. 国民生产总值:Gross National Product ( GNP )7. 《反分裂国家法》:anti-secession law8. 灰色收入:gray income ; income from moonlighting9. 六方会谈:Six-Party Talks10. 内幕交易:insider trading; insider dealing11. 《飘》:Gone with the Wind12. 亲子鉴定:paternity test; paternity testing13. “一条龙”服务: a one-stop services; one package service; coordinated-process service14. 证监会: China Securities Regulatory Commission15. 中国移动: China MobileII. Passage translation (120 points)Section A English to Chinese (60 points)Intelligent life on a planet comes of ages when it first works out the reason for its ownexistence. If superior creatures from space ever visit earth, the first question they will ask, in order to assess the level of our civilization, is: “Have they discovered evolution yet?”Living organisms had existed on earth, without ever knowing why, for over three thousand million years before the truth finally downed on one of them. His name was Charles Darwin. To be fair, others had had inklings of the truth, but it was Darwin who first put together a coherent and tenable account of why we exist. Darwin made it possible for us t give a sensible answer to the curious child whose question heads this chapter. We no longer have to resort to superstition when faced with the deep problems: Is there a meaning to life? What are we for? What is man? After posing the last of these questions, the eminent zoologist G. G. Simpson put it this: “The point I want to make now is that all attempts to answer that question before 1859 are worthless and that we will be better off if we ignore them completely.”Today the theory of evolution is about as much open to doubt as the theory that the earth goes round the sun, but the full implications of Darwin’s revolution have yet to be widely realized. Zoology is still a minority subject in universities, and even those who choose to study it often make their decision without appreciating its profound philosophical significance. Philosophy and the subjects known as “humanities”are still taught almost as if Darwin had never lived. No doubt this will change in time. In any case, this book is not intended as a general advocacy of Darwinism. Instead, it will explore the consequences of the evolution theory for a particular issue. My purpose is to examine the biology of selfishness and altruism.Section B Chinese to English (60 points)总部设在德克萨斯州的全球语言监测机构运用一套数学公式来追踪词和短语的使用频率。

暨南大学翻译硕士(MTI)真题及答案(四)

暨南大学翻译硕士(MTI)真题及答案(四)

暨南大学翻译硕士(MTI)真题及答案(四)暨南大学翻译硕士(MTI)真题及答案I. Word Translation (30 points)1. EU:欧盟(European Union)2. WPC:世界和平理事会(World Peace Council)3. OPEC:石油输出国家组织(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)4. NASA:美国国家航空和宇宙航行局(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)5. USCG:美国海岸警卫队(United States Coast Guard)6. FTA:自由贸易协定(Free Trade Agreement)7. TPP:跨太平洋伙伴关系协议(Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement)8. America’s “Return to the Asian-Pacific”: 美国重返亚太9. Association of Southeast Asian Nations:东南亚国家联盟10. International Atomic Energy Agency:国际原子能机构11. currency manipulator: 货币操纵国12. International Translation Day: 国际翻译日13. National Missile Defense: 国家导弹防御系统14. power abuse: 滥用职权15. US-Japan Security Treaty: 美日安保条约Section B Chinese to English (15 points)16. 国务院侨务办公室: Office of Overseas Chinese Affairs under the State Council17. 国家文物局: State Administration of Cultural Heritage18. 国家烟草专卖局: State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau19. 国家宗教事务局: State Administration of Religious Affairs20. 西方七国首脑会议: G7 Summit; the Seven-power Summit21. 岗位培训: on-the-job training22. 海洋资源: marine resource ; ocean resource23. 民生: people’s livelihood; people’s well-being24. 差额选举: competitive election; contested election25. 建立市场导向的就业机制: Establishing a market-oriented employment mechanism26. 资源节约型与环境保护型社会: resource-conserving/resource- saving and environmentally friendly society; Society Of Resource Conservation and Environmental Protection27. 文化逆差: cultural deficit28. 三国演义: The Romance of the Three Kingdoms29. 十面埋伏(古曲): House Of Flying Daggers30. 逾期贷款: overdue loansII. Passage Translation (120 points)Section A English to Chinese (60 points)Love Is Not Like Merchandize Sydney J. HarrisA reader in Florida, apparently bruised by some personal experience, writes in to complain, “If I steal a nickel’s worth of merchandize, I am a thief and punished; but if I steal the love of another man’s wife, I am free.”This is a prevalent misconception in many people’s minds ―that love, like merchandize, can be “stolen”. Numerous states, in fact, have enacted laws allowing damages for “alienation of affections”.But love is not a commodity; the real thing cannot be bought, sold, traded or stolen. It is an act of the will, turning of the emotions, a change in the climate of the personality.When a husband or wife is “stolen”by another person, that husband or wife was already ripe for the stealing, was already predisposed toward a new partner. The “lovebandit”was only taking what was waiting to be taken, what wanted to be taken.We tend to treat persons like goods. We even speak of children “belonging”to their parents. But nobody “belongs”to anyone else. Each person belongs to himself, and to God. Children are entrusted to their parents, and if their parents do not treat them properly, the state has the right to remove them from their parents’trusteeship.Many of us, when young, had the experience of a sweetheart being taken away from us by somebody more attractive and more appealing. At the time, we may have resented this intruder―but as we grew older, we recognized that the sweetheart had never been ours to begin with. It was not the intruder that “caused”the break, but the lack of a real relationship.On the surface, many marriages seem to break up because of a “third party”. This is, however, a psychological illusion. The other woman or the other man merely serves as a pretext for dissolving a marriage that had already lost its essential integrity.Nothing is more futile and more self-defeating than the bitterness of spurned love, the vengeful feeling that someone else has “come between”oneself and a beloved. This is always a distortion of reality, for people are not the captive of victims of others―they are free agents, working out their own destinies for good or for ill.But the rejected lover or mate cannot afford to believe that his beloved has freely turned away from him―and so he ascribes sinister or magical properties to the interloper. He calls him hypnotist or a thief or a home-breaker. In the majority of cases, however, when a home is broken, the breaking has begun long before any “third party”has appeared on the scene.参考译文:佛罗里达州的一位读者虽然是在个人经历上受过创伤, 他写信来抱怨道: “如果我偷走了五分钱的商品, 我就是个贼, 要受到惩罚, 但是如果我偷走了他人妻子的爱情, 我没事儿。

卓顶精文20XX年暨南大学翻硕211英语真题汇总.doc

卓顶精文20XX年暨南大学翻硕211英语真题汇总.doc

20PP年暨南大学翻硕211英语真题汇总下面是考研为大家分享的20PP年暨南大学211翻译硕士英语真题,供大家参考,有需要的同学请保存。

目前正值第一轮基础复习,大家要有耐心哦。

20PP年全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试复习复习试题学科、专业名称:翻译硕士专业研究方向:英语笔译考试科目名称:翻译硕士英语考试科目代码:211考生注意:所有答案必须写在答题纸(卷)上,写在本复习复习试题上一律不给分。

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[考研类试卷]2016年暨南大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷.doc

[考研类试卷]2016年暨南大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷.doc

[考研类试卷]2016年暨南大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷.doc[考研类试卷]2016年暨南大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷一、Vocabulary1 Whenever possible, Ina ______how well she speaks Japanese.(A)shows up(B)shows around(C)shows off(D)shows out2 As the director can't come to the reception, I'm representing the company______. (A)on his account (B)on his behalf(C)for his part(D)in his interest3 The price of the coal will vary according to how far it has to be transported and how expensive the freight ______are.(A)payments(B)charges(C)funds(D)prices4 The ball ______two or three times before rolling down the slope.(B)bounced(C)hopped(D)darted5 He has been transferred to the University of Maryland Medical Center and is waiting to ______surgery.(A)undergo(B)unfold(C)underestimate(D)undertake6 We hold these truths to be self-______: that all men are created equal.(A)essential(B)eternal(C)evident(D)exquisite7 The bear clawed the hunter within ______of his life.(A)close(B)reach(C)a space8 The third candidate is a______. She's new to politics and is just beginning her campaign.(A)white elephant(B)dark horse(C)sleeper(D)big hit9 We go to the Summer Palace on foot______.(A)on purpose(B)on occasions(C)on behalf(D)on trial10 It was cloudy this morning, but it ______fine.(A)turned on(B)turned over(C)turned up(D)turned out11 In his ______to further knowledge of the universe, man has now begun to explore space.(A)attempt(C)trial(D)chase12 The bus moved slowly in the thick fog. We arrived at our ______almost two hours later.(A)designation(B)destiny(C)destination(D)dignity13 The nuclear family ______a self-contained, self-satisfying unit composed of father, mother and children.(A)refers to(B)defines(C)describes(D)devotes to14 Some polls show that roughly two-thirds of the general public believe that elderly Americans are______ by social isolation and loneliness.(A)reproached(B)favored(C)plagued(D)reprehended15 The Pacific island attracts shoals of tourists with its rich ______of folk arts.(A)heritage(B)heredity(C)heroism(D)hermitage16 It is imperative that students ______their term papers on time.(B)handed in(C)hand in(D)would hand in17 An old woman was badly hurt in ______the police describe as an apparently motiveless attack.(A)that(B)which(C)what(D)whatever18 ______on a clear day, far from the city crowds, the mountains give him a sense of infinite peace.(A)If walking(B)While walking(C)Walking(D)When one is walking19 After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well boys ______to go to school.(A)to be encouraged(B)been encouraged(C)being encouraged(D)be encouraged20 Joan didn't go to the party last night because she ______the baby for her sister until 9: 30.(A)must have looked after(B)would have to looked after(C)had to look after(D)should have looked after21 We are going to London next month. This will be the firsttime I ______there.(A)have traveled(B)travel(C)will travel(D)am traveling22 John is ______hardworking than his sister, but he failed in the exam.(A)no less(B)no more(C)not less(D)no so23 Americans eat ______as they actually need every day.(A)twice as much protein(B)twice protein as much twice(C)twice protein as much(D)protein as twice much24 Who ______was coming to see me in my office this afternoon?(A)you said(B)did you say(C)did you say that(D)you did say25 She would have been more agreeable if she had changeda little bit, ______? (A)hadn't she(B)hasn't she(C)wouldn't she(D)didn't she26 ______you ______further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice. (A)If; had(B)Have; had(C)Should; have(D)In case; had27 ______we wish him prosperous, we have objections to his ways of obtaining wealth. (A)Much as(B)As much(C)More as(D)As well as28 Among the first to come and live in North America______, who later prospered mainly in New England.(A)had been Dutch settlers(B)Dutch settlers were there(C)were Dutch settlers(D)Dutch settlers had been there29 ______there was an epidemic approaching, Mr. Smith ______the invitation to visit that area.(A)If he knew; would have declined(B)If he had known; would decline(C)Had he known; would decline(D)Had he known; would have declined30 In the dark they could not see anything clear, but could______.(A)hear somebody mourn(B)hear somebody mourning(C)hear somebody mourned(D)hear somebody had been mourning二、Reading Comprehension30 The head of the Library of Congress is to name Donald Hall, a writer whose deceptively simple language builds on images of the New England landscape, as the nation's 14th poet laureate today.Mr. Hall, a poet in the distinctive American tradition of Robert Frost, has also been a harsh critic of the religious right's influence on government arts policy. And as a member of the advisory council of the National Endowment for the Arts during the administration of George H. W. Bush, he referred to those he thought were interfering with arts grants as "bullies and art bashers.He will succeed Ted Kooser, the Nebraskan who has been the poet laureate since 2004. The announcement of Mr. Hall's appointment is to be made by James H. Billington, the Librarian of Congress. Mr. Billington said that he chose Mr. Hall because of "the sustained quality of his poetry, the reach and the variety of things he talks about." Like Mr. Kooser, Mr. Billington said," Mr. Hall evokes a sense of place.Mr. Hall, 77, lives in a white clapboard farmhouse in Wilmot, N. H., that has been in his family for generations. He said in a telephone interview that he didn't see the poetlaureateship as a bully pulpit. "But it's a pulpit anyway," he said. "If I see First Amendment violations, I will speak up."Mr. Hall is an extremely productive writer who has published about 18 books of poetry, 20 books of prose and 12 children's books. He has won many awards, including a national Book Critics Circle Award in 1989 for "The One Day", a collection.In recent years much of his poetry has been preoccupied with the death of his wife, the poet Jane Ken-yon, in 1995.Robert Pinsky, who was poet laureate from 1997 to 2000 said he welcomed Mr. Hall's appointment, especially in light of his previous outspokenness about politics and arts. "There is something nicely symbolic, and maybe surprising," Mr. Pinsky said, "that they have selected someone who has taken a stand forfreedom. "The position carries an award of $ 35, 000 and $ 5, 000 travel allowance. It usually lasts a year, though poets are sometimes reappointed.31 Donald Hall______.(A)uses simple English to express the images of the New England landscape(B)dislikes the idea of impacting government by the right side of the religion(C)is the 14th poet laureate appointed by the Congress(D)is a member of the advisory council of the National Endowment for the Arts32 James H. Billington______.(A)likes the poems with great depth and width(B)speaks highly of poems in simple English rather than complex ones(C)prefers the poems with sustained style and expression (D)likes the poems with the knowledge of various things33 Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?(A)Mr. Hall has published many books and magazines on poems.(B)Mr. Hall is a critic of literature in the U. S.(C)Mr. Hall has got many prizes for his talents in writing.(D)Mr. Hall has got support from his predecessors.34 What can be inferred from the passage?(A)Mr. Hall loves his wife very much.(B)Mr. Hall takes the new appointment for granted.(C)Mr. Hall has got great ideas from his wife.(D)Mr. Hall may hold the position for another year.35 What is the best title for the passage?(A)A Guard for Politics and Arts(B)A New Poet Laureate(C)A Representative for Freedom(D)The Winning of a Poet35 Most of us are taught to pay attention to what is said —the words. Words do provide us with some information, but meanings are derived from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words alone. Words are used to describe only a small part of the many ideas we associate with any given message. Sometimes we can gain insight into some of those associations if we listen for more than words. We don't always say what we mean or mean what we say. Sometimes our words don't mean anything except "I'm letting off some steam. I don't really want you to pay close attention to what I'm saying. Just pay attention to what I'm feeling." Mostly we mean several things at once. A person wanting to purchase a house says to the current owner, "This step has to be fixed before I'll buy. "The owner says, "It's been like that for years." Actually, the step hasn't been like that for years, but the unspoken message is; "I don't want to fix it. We put up with it. Why can't you?" Thesearch for a more expansive view of meaning can be developed through examining a message in terms of who said it, when it occurred, the related conditions or situation, and how it was said.When a message occurs can also reveal associated meaning. Let us assume two couples do exactly the same amount of kissing and arguing. But one couple always kisses after an argument and the other couple always argues after a kiss. The ordering of the behaviors may mean a great deal more than the frequency of thebehavior. A friend's unusually docile behavior may only be understood by noting that it was preceded by situations that required an abnormal amount of assertiveness. Some responses may be directly linked to a developing pattern of responses and defy logic. For example, a person who says " No!" to a serials of charges like "You're dumb," "You're lazy," and "You're dishonest," may also say "No!" and try to justify his or her response if the next statement is " And you're good looking. "We would do well to listen for how messages are presented. The words, "It sure has been nice to have you over," can be said with emphasis and excitement or ritualistically. The phrase can be said once or repeated several times. And the meanings we associate with the phrase will change accordingly. Sometimes if we say something infrequently it assumes more importance; sometimes the more we say something the less importance it assumes.36 Effective communication is rendered possible between two conversing partners,if______.(A)they use proper words to carry their ideas(B)they both speak truly of their own feelings(C)they try to understand each other's ideas beyond words(D)they are capable of associating meaning with their words37 "I'm letting off some steam" in paragraph 1 means______.(A)I'm just calling your attention(B)I'm just kidding(C)I'm just saying the opposite(D)I'm just giving off some sound38 The house-owner's example shows that he actually means______.(A)the step has been like that for years(B)he doesn't think it necessary to fix the step(C)the condition of the step is only a minor fault(D)the cost involved in the fixing should be shared39 Some responses and behaviors may appear very illogical, but are justifiable if______. (A)linked to an abnormal amount of assertiveness(B)seen as one's habitual pattern of behavior(C)taken as part of an ordering sequence(D)expressed to a series of charges40 The word " ritualistically" in the last paragraph equals something done______. (A)without true intention(B)light-heartedly(C)in a way of ceremony(D)with less emphasis40 Cellular slime molds are extraordinary life forms that exhibit features of both fungi and protozoa, although often classed for convenience with fungi. At one time they were regarded as organisms of ambiguous taxonomic status, but more recent analysis of DNA sequences has shown that slime molds should be regarded as inhabiting their own separate kingdom.Their uniqueness lies in their unusual life cycle, which alternates between a feeding stage in which the organism is essentially unicellular and a reproductive stage in which the organism adopts a multicellular structure. At the first stage they are free-living, separate amoebae, usually inhabiting the forest floor and ingesting bacteria found in rotting wood, dung, or damp soil. But their food supplies are relatively easily exhaustedsince the cells' movements are restricted and their food requirements rather large.When the cells become starved of nutrition, the organism initiates a new genetic program that permits the cells to eventually find a new, food-rich environment. At this point, the single-celled amoebae combine together to form what will eventually become a multicellular creature. The mechanism by which the individual members become a single entity is essentially chemical in nature. At first, a few of the amoebae start to produce periodic chemical pulses that are detected, amplified, and relayed to the surrounding members, which then move toward the pulse origin. In time, these cells form many streams of cells, which then come together to form a single hemispherical mass. This mass sticks together through the secretion of adhesion molecules.The mass now develops a tip, which elongates into a finger-like structure of about 1 or 2 millimeters in length. This structure eventually falls over to form a miniature slug, moving as a single entity orienting itself toward light. During this period the cells within the mass differentiate into two distinct kinds of cell. Some become prestalk cells, which later form into a vertical stalk, and others form prespore cells, which become the spore head.As the organism migrates, it leaves behind a track of slime rather like a garden slug. Once a favorable location has been found with a fresh source of bacteria to feed on, the migration stops and the colony metamorphoses into a fungus-like organism in a process known as "culmination." The front cells turn into a stalk, and the back cells climb up the stalk and form a spherical-shaped head, known as the sorocarp. This final fruiting body is about 2 millimeters in height. The head develops intospores, which are dispersed into the environment and form the next generation of amoebae cells. Then the life cycle is repeated. Usually the stalk disappears once the spores have been released.The process by which the originally identical cells of the slime mold become transformed into multicellular structures composed of two different cell types — spore and stalk — is of great interest to developmental biologists since it is analogous to an important process found in higher organisms in which organs with highly specialized functions are formed from unspecialized stem cells. Early experiments showed which parts of the slime mold organism contributed to the eventual stalk and which parts to the head. Scientists stained the front part of a slug with a red dye and attached it to the back part of a different slug. The hybrid creature developed as normal. The experimenters then noted that the stalk of the fruiting body was stained red and that the spore head was unstained. Clearly, the anterior part of the organism culminated in the stalk and the posterior part in the spore head. Nowadays, experiments using DNA technology and fluorescent proteins or enzymes to label the prespore and prestalk cells have been undertaken. This more molecular approach gives more precise results than using staining dyes but has essentially backed up the results of the earlier dye studies.41 How the slime should be classified used to be______.(A)unknown(B)uncertain(C)controversial(D)unfamiliar42 According to the passage, what is unusual about the slime molds' life cycle?(A)They inhabit their own kingdom.(B)They are organisms whose classification is ambiguous.(C)They alternate between unicellular and multicellular structures.(D)They are free-living organisms.43 All of the followings are mentioned in the text as being parts of the multicellular slug EXCEPT______.(A)the head(B)the stalk(C)legs(D)spores44 Why does the author refer to the fungus-like organism asa fruiting body?(A)Because it has become one entity.(B)Because it is 2 millimeters in height.(C)Because it now has a stalk and head.(D)Because it has reached its reproductive stage.45 According to the passage, the recent DNA studies______.(A)give similar results to the dye studies(B)contradict the dye studies(C)are less exact than the dye studies(D)have introduced confusion about the dye study results45 Barry Schwartz did not expect to feel inspired on a clothes-shopping trip. "I avoid buying jeans; I wear one pair until it falls apart," says Schwartz, an American psychology professor. "The last time I had bought a pair there had been just one style. But recently I was asked if I wanted this fit or that fit, or this color or that. I intended to be out shopping for five minutes but it took an hour, and I began to feel more and more dissatisfied. "This trip made him think: did more choice always mean greater satisfaction? " I'd always believed that choice was good, andmore choice was better. My experience got me thinking: how many others felt like me?"The result was a widely discussed study that challenged the idea that more is always better. Drawing on the psychology of economics, which looks at how people choose what to buy, Schwartz designed a questionnaire to show the differences between what he termed "maximisers" and "satisficers." Broadly speaking, maximisers are keen to make the best possible choices, and often spend time researching to ensure that their purchases cannot be bettered. Satisficers are the easy-going people, delighted with items that are simply acceptable.Schwartz puts forward the view, which contrasts with what politicians and salesmen would have people believe, that the unstoppable growth in choice is in danger of ruining lives. "I'm not saying no choice is good. But the average person makes at least 200 decisions every day, and I don't think there's room for any more. "His study may help to explain the peculiar paradox of the wealthy West — psychologists and economists are puzzled by the fact that people have not become happier as they have become richer. Infact, the ability to demand whatever is wanted whenever it is wanted has instead led to rising expectations.The search for perfection can be found in every area of life from buying soap powder to selecting a career. Certain decisions may automatically close off other choices, and some people are then upset by the thought of what else might have been. Schwartz says, "If you make a decision and it's disappointing, don't worry about it, it may actually have been a good decision, just not as good as you had hoped."One fact that governments need to think about is thatpeople seem more inclined to buy something if there are fewer, not more, choices. If that's true for jeans, then it is probably true for cars, schools and pension funds. "If there are few options, the world doesn't expect you to make the perfect decision. But when there are thousands it's hard not to think there's a perfect one out there, and that you'll find it if you look hard enough.If you think that Internet shopping will help, think again: "You want to buy something and you look at three websites. How long will it take to look at one more? Two minutes? It's only a click. Before you know it you've spent three hours trying to decide which £10 item to buy. It's crazy. You've used another evening that you could have spent with your friends. "Schwartz, who describes himself as a natural satisficer, says that trying to stop our tendency to be maxi-misers will make us happier. "The most important recommendation I can give is to lower personal expectations," he says. "But no one wants to hear this because they all believe that perfection awaits the wise decision maker. Life isn't necessarily like that."46 Why may some advice be rejected?47 What confuses experts according to the passage?48 What can be the emotional effect of the result of makinga choice?49 How was Schwartz's research undertaken?50 How can personality be defined in the text?三、Writing51 Directions: In this part you are going to write an essay of about 400-500 words within 60 minutes on the topic as follows. Write your response on the answer sheet T opic Some people think that cultural traditions will be destroyed if they are used as money-making attractions aimed at tourists. Others, however,believe that is the only way to save these traditions. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on the issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.。

2016年暨南大学翻译硕士入学考试《英语》真题及详解

2016年暨南大学翻译硕士入学考试《英语》真题及详解

2016年暨南大学翻译硕士入学考试《英语》真题(总分:100.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、 Vocabulary(总题数:30,分数:60.00)1.Whenever possible, Ina ______how well she speaks Japanese.(分数:2.00)A.shows upB.shows aroundC.shows off √D.shows out【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析。

show up意为"显现,显出"。

show around意为"参观……"。

show off意为"炫耀,卖弄",符合题意,故为答案。

show out意为"送出(客人)"。

句意为:无论什么时候,只要有可能艾娜都会炫耀她日语说得多么好。

2.As the director can't come to the reception, I'm representing the company______.(分数:2.00)A.on his accountB.on his behalf √C.for his partD.in his interest【解析】本题考查介词短语辨析。

逗号前后为因果关系。

on his account意为"为了他的缘故"。

on his behalf意为"以他的名义,代表他",符合题意,故为答案。

for his part意为"至于他,对他来说"。

in his interest表示"符合他的利益"。

句意为:由于主管不能来参加这个接待会,所以我代表他担任本公司的代表。

3.The price of the coal will vary according to how far it has to be transported and how expensive the freight ______are.(分数:2.00)A.paymentsB.charges √C.fundsD.prices【解析】本题考查名词辨析。

2016年暨南大学翻译硕士入学考试《英语》真题及详解

2016年暨南大学翻译硕士入学考试《英语》真题及详解

2016年暨南大学翻译硕士入学考试《英语》真题(总分:100.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、 Vocabulary(总题数:30,分数:60.00)1.Whenever possible, Ina ______how well she speaks Japanese.(分数:2.00)A.shows upB.shows aroundC.shows off √D.shows out【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析。

show up意为"显现,显出"。

show around意为"参观……"。

show off意为"炫耀,卖弄",符合题意,故为答案。

show out意为"送出(客人)"。

句意为:无论什么时候,只要有可能艾娜都会炫耀她日语说得多么好。

2.As the director can't come to the reception, I'm representing the company______.(分数:2.00)A.on his accountB.on his behalf √C.for his partD.in his interest【解析】本题考查介词短语辨析。

逗号前后为因果关系。

on his account意为"为了他的缘故"。

on his behalf意为"以他的名义,代表他",符合题意,故为答案。

for his part意为"至于他,对他来说"。

in his interest表示"符合他的利益"。

句意为:由于主管不能来参加这个接待会,所以我代表他担任本公司的代表。

3.The price of the coal will vary according to how far it has to be transported and how expensive the freight ______are.(分数:2.00)A.paymentsB.charges √C.fundsD.prices【解析】本题考查名词辨析。

专业硕士《211翻译硕士英语》考研暨南大学考研真题

专业硕士《211翻译硕士英语》考研暨南大学考研真题

专业硕士《211翻译硕士英语》考研暨南大学考研真题暨南大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Vocabulary & Grammar (30%)Directions: There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer, on your Answer Sheet.1. Bureaucratic power has _____ upon the freedom of the individual.A. encroachedB. encapsulatedC. enchantedD. encompassed【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意:官僚权力侵犯了个人的自由。

encroach侵犯。

encapsulate 压缩、概括。

enchant使迷惑。

encompass包含、围绕。

因此,本题的正确答案为A。

2. You risk _____ bank charges if you exceed your overdraft limit.A. recurringB. occurringC. incurringD. concurring【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意:如果超出了透支限额,就有被银行加收费用的风险。

recur 再现。

occur发生、出现。

incur招致、蒙受。

concur同意。

因此,本题的正确答案为C。

3. If one thing or person is _______ with another, they are very different in important ways, and do not suit each other or agree with each other.A. inquisitiveB. incompatibleC. inconsiderateD. inappropriate【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意:如果某物/人与另一物/人是不相容的,那么他们在很多重要的方面是有区别的,且无法彼此适应或达成统一意见。

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2015年暨南大学翻硕211英语真题汇总下面是凯程考研为大家分享的2015年暨南大学211翻译硕士英语真题,供大家参考,有需要的同学请保存。

目前正值第一轮基础复习,大家要有耐心哦。

2015年全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试试题学科、专业名称:翻译硕士专业研究方向:英语笔译考试科目名称:翻译硕士英语考试科目代码:211考生注意:所有答案必须写在答题纸(卷)上,写在本试题上一律不给分。

I. Vocabulary & Grammar (30%)Directions: There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. I have planned to have the meeting today, but it has been __________ until next Monday.A. cancelledC. called offB. postponedD. transferred2. A __________ is a person who chooses to die rather than abandon his or her religious belief.A. heroC. martyrB. patriotD. traitor3. __________ is the way in which written material is arranged and prepared for printing.A. TypographyC. hand-writingB. calligraphyD. typeface4. __________ is a place where people who are in danger from other people can go to be safe.A. SanctuaryC. RelicsB. ParadiseD. Headquarter5. She decided to __________ the world and entered a convent.A. renounceC. reviveB. reproachD. revenge6. You describe a situation as a __________ when it involves two or more facts or qualities which seem to contradict each other.A. conflictC. provisionB. dilemmaD. paradox7. Don't make __________ comments out of ignorance. Don't make improper comments before you know the whole story.A. presumptuousC. harshB. quickD. easy8. Planets here show how and to what we are attached, and the degree of our __________.A. weightC. gravityB. relativityD. possessiveness9. The plane found the spot and hovered close enough to __________ that it was a car.A. examineC. ensureB. verifyD. testify10. Picking flowers in the park is absolutely __________.A. avoidedC. prohibitedB. rejectedD. repelled11. Obviously, the Chairman's remarks at the conference were __________ and not planned.A. substantialC. spontaneousB. simultaneousD. synthetic12. The professor's dedication to __________ earned him the respect of both his colleagues and students.A. teachC. being taughtB. be taughtD. teaching13. Do help yourself to some fruit, __________ you?A. can'tC. wouldn'tB. won'tD. don't14. She didn't __________ the door key to her landlord until she got back her deposit.A. hand inC. hand outB. hand downD. hand over15. You __________ me anything about it. I think it was none of my business.A. needn't have toldC. needn't tellB. mustn't have toldD. mustn't tell16. Jim was really rude to everyone in my party last night. It really __________ me __________.A. put …overC. put …offB. put …downD. put …up17. Please feel free to visit me whenever __________.A. you are convenientC. you will be convenientB. it is convenient to youD. it will be convenient to you18. I have been really __________ with the current situation in that country because my cousin was traveling there.A. worryingC. concernedB. involvedD. regretful19. Language belongs to each member of the society, to the housewife __________ to the president.A. as far asC. as long asB. as much asD. the same as20. Fat cannot change into muscle__________ muscle changes into fact.A. any more thanC. no less thanB. no more thanD. much more than21. While driving along the treacherous road, __________.A. my right rear tire blown outC. my right rear tire blows outB. I had my right rear tire blow outD. I had a blowout on my right rear tire22. Our friends said that they wouldn't mind __________.A. have a little light musicC. they have a little light musicB. to have a little light musicD. having a little light music23. __________ for his help, I'd never have been able to achieve such a success.A. If it were notC. If I had not beenB. Had it not beenD. Had it not24. Without facts, one cannot form a worthwhile opinion, for he needs to have factual knowledge __________ his thinking.A. to base on whichC. upon which to baseB. which to be based onD. which to base upon25. Science and common sense offer ways to minimize the risk of __________ climate change.A. devastatingC. demolishingB. mountingD. wrecking26. You may merely be __________ your own misery and unhappiness by comparing yourself to others.A. legitimizingC. optimizingB. validatingD. duplicating27. The storm left many parts of the island underwater and destroyed thousands of artifacts __________ from archaeological digs.A. recoveredC. exploitedB. retrievedD. rectified28. Chinese special envoy Zhang Yesui met Malaysia's Najib on Wednesday and called for "__________ efforts" to find the plane.A. fitfulC. everlastingB. unremittingD. sporadic29. According to state employment data, construction is by far the fastest growing industry in the state, __________ some job losses in the sector last month.A. thereforeC. neverthelessB. wherebyD. notwithstanding30. Most tiny houses are __________ for middle-class and wealthy families who made a conscious decision to "build better, not bigger".A. addressedC. tailoredB. reconciledD. weighed[page]II. Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: This part consists of two sections. In Section A, there are three passages followed by a total of 15 multiple-choice questions. In Section B, there is one passage followed by a total of 5 short-answer questions. Read the passages and then mark or write down your answers on the Answer Sheet.Section A Multiple-Choice Questions (30%)Passage 1Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed "intuition" to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking.Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.Isenberg's recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers' intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an "Aha!" experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that "thinking" is inseparable from acting. Since managers often "know" what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert. Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue.They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution. (453 words)31. According to the passage, senior managers use intuition in all of the following waysEXCEPT to __________.A. speed up the creation of a solution to a problemB. identify a problemC. bring together disparate factsD. stipulate clear goals32. Which of the following does the passage suggest about the "writers on management" mentioned in paragraph 2?A. They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.B. They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.C. They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.D. They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.33. Which of the following best exemplifies "an 'Aha!' experience" (para. 3) as it is presented in the passage?A. A manager risks taking an action whose outcome is unpredictable to discover whether the action changes the problem at hand.B. A manager performs well-learned and familiar behavior patterns in creative and uncharacteristic ways to solve a problem.C. A manager suddenly connects seemingly unrelated facts and experiences to create a pattern relevant to the problem at hand.D. A manager rapidly identifies the methodology used to compile data yielded by systematic analysis.34. According to the passage, the classical model of decision analysis includes all of the following EXCEPT __________.A. evaluation of a problemB. creation of possible solutions to a problemC. establishment of clear goals to be reached by the decisionD. action undertaken in order to discover more information about a problem35. According to the passage, which of the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X, who uses intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y, who uses only formal decision analysis?A. Manager X analyzes first and then acts; Manager Y does not.B. Manager X checks possible solutions to a problem by systematic analysis; Manager Y does not.C. Manager X takes action in order to arrive at the solution to a problem; Manager Y does not.D. Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution to a problem; Manager X does not.Passage 2Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:After evidence was obtained in the 1920s that the universe is expanding, it became reasonable to ask: Will the universe continue to expand indefinitely, or is there enough mass in it for the mutual attraction of its constituents to bring this expansion to a halt? It can be calculatedthat the critical density of matter needed to brake the expansion and "close" the universe is equivalent to three hydrogen atoms per cubic meter. But the density of the observable universe—luminous matter in the form of galaxies—comes to only a fraction of this. If the expansion of the universe is to stop, there must be enough invisible matter in the universe to exceed the luminous matter in density by a factor of roughly 70.Our contribution to the search for this "missing matter" has been to study the rotational velocity of galaxies at various distances from their center of rotation. It has been known for some time that outside the bright nucleus of typical spiral galaxy luminosity falls off rapidly with distance from the center. If luminosity were a true indicator of mass, most of the mass would be concentrated toward the center. Outside the nucleus the rotational velocity would decrease geometrically with distance from the center, in conformity with Kepler's law.Instead we have found that the rotational velocity in spiral galaxies either remains constant with increasing distance from the center or increases slightly. This unexpected result indicates that the falloff in luminous mass with distance from the center is balanced by an increase in nonluminous mass.Our findings suggest that as much as 90 percent of the mass of the universe is not radiating at any wave length with enough intensity to be detected on the Earth. Such dark matter could be in the form of extremely dim stars of low mass, of large planets like Jupiter, or of black holes, either small or massive. While it has not yet been determined whether this mass is sufficient to close the universe, some physicists consider it significant that estimates are converging on the critical value. (351 words)36. The passage is primarily concerned with __________.A. defending a controversial approachB. criticizing an accepted viewC. summarizing research findingsD. contrasting competing theories37. The authors' study indicates that, in comparison with the outermost regions of a typical spiral galaxy, the region just outside the nucleus can be characterized as having __________.A. higher rotational velocity and higher luminosityB. lower rotational velocity and higher luminosityC. lower rotational velocity and lower luminosityD. similar rotational velocity and higher luminosity38. The authors' suggestion that "as much as 90 percent of the mass of the universe is not radiating at any wave length with enough intensity to be detected on the Earth" (para.4) would be most weakened if __________ were discovered to be true.A. Spiral galaxies are less common than types of galaxies that contain little nonluminous matter.B. Luminous and nonluminous matter are composed of the same basic elements.C. The bright nucleus of a typical spiral galaxy also contains some nonluminous matter.D. The density of the observable universe is greater than most previous estimates have suggested.39. It can be inferred from the passage that if the density of the universe were equivalent to significantly less than three hydrogen atoms per cubic meter, __________ would be true as a consequence.A. Luminosity would be a true indicator of mass.B. Different regions in spiral galaxies would rotate at the same velocity.C. The universe would continue to expand indefinitely.D. The density of the invisible matter in the universe would have to be more than 70 times the density of the luminous matter.40. The authors propose all of the following as possibly contributing to the "missing matter" in spiral galaxies EXCEPT __________.A. massive black holesB. small black holesC. small, dim starsD. massive starsPassage 3Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Jon Clark's study of the effect of the modernization of a telephone exchange on exchange maintenance work and workers is a solid contribution to a debate that encompasses two lively issues in the history and sociology of technology: technological determinism and social constructivism.Clark makes the point that the characteristics of a technology have a decisive influence on job skills and work organization. Put more strongly, technology can be a primary determinant of social and managerial organization. Clark believes this possibility has been obscured by the recent sociological fashion, exemplified by Braverman's analysis that emphasizes the way machinery reflects social choices. For Braverman, the shape of a technological system is subordinate to the manager's desire to wrest control of the labor process from the workers. Technological change is construed as the outcome of negotiations among interested parties who seek to incorporate their own interests into the design and configuration of the machinery. This position represents the new mainstream called social constructivism.The constructivists gain acceptance by misrepresenting technological determinism: technological determinists are supposed to believe, for example, that machinery imposes appropriate forms of order on society. The alternative to constructivism, in other words, is to view technology as existing outside society, capable of directly influencing skills and work organization.Clark refutes the extremes of the constructivists by both theoretical and empirical arguments. Theoretically he defines "technology" in terms of relationships between social and technical variables. Attempts to reduce the meaning of technology to cold, hard metal are bound to fail, for machinery is just scrap unless it is organized functionally and supported by appropriate systems of operation and maintenance. At the empirical level Clark shows how a change at the telephone exchange from maintenance-intensive electromechanical switches to semi electronic switching systems altered work tasks, skills, training opportunities, administration, and organization of workers. Some changes Clark attributes to the particular way management and labor unions negotiated the introduction of the technology, whereas others are seen as arising from the capabilities and nature of the technology itself.Thus Clark helps answer the question: "When is social choice decisive and when are the concrete characteristics of technology more important?" (363 words)41. The primary purpose of the passage is to __________.A. advocate a more positive attitude toward technological changeB. discuss the implications for employees of the modernization of a telephone exchangeC. consider a successful challenge to the constructivist view of technological changeD. challenge the position of advocates of technological determinism42. Which of the following statements about the modernization of the telephone exchange is supported by the passage?A. The new technology reduced the role of managers in labor negotiations.B. The modernization was implemented without the consent of the employees directly affected by it.C. The modernization had an impact that went significantly beyond maintenance routines.D. Some of the maintenance workers felt victimized by the new technology.43. Which of the following most accurately describes Clark's opinion of Braver man's position?A. He respects its wide-ranging popularity.B. He disapproves of its misplaced emphasis on the influence of managers.C. He admires the consideration it gives to the attitudes of the workers affected.D. He is concerned about its potential to impede the implementation of new technologies.44. The information in the passage suggests that Clark believes that __________ would be true if social constructivism had not gained widespread acceptance.A. Businesses would be more likely to modernize without considering the social consequences of their actions.B. There would be greater understanding of the role played by technology in producing social change.C. Businesses would be less likely to understand the attitudes of employees affected by modernization.D. Modernization would have occurred at a slower rate.45. According to the passage, which of the following did constructivists employ to promote their argument?A. Empirical studies of business situations involving technological changeB. Citation of managers supportive of their positionC. Construction of hypothetical situations that support their viewD. Contrasts of their view with a misstatement of an opposing viewSection B Short-Answer Questions (10%)Passage 4Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:In Winters v. United States (1908), the Supreme Court held that the right to use waters flowing through or adjacent to the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation was reserved to American Indians by the treaty establishing the reservation. Although this treaty did not mention water rights, the Court ruled that the federal government, when it created the reservation, intended to deal fairly with American Indians by reserving for them the waters without which their lands would have been useless. Later decisions, citing Winters, established that courts can find federal rights to reserve water for particular purposes if (1) the land in question lies within an enclave under exclusive federal jurisdiction, (2) the land has been formally withdrawn from federal public lands —i.e., withdrawn from the stock of federal lands available for private use under federal land uselaws—and set aside or reserved, and (3) the circumstances reveal the government intended to reserve water as well as land when establishing the reservation.Some American Indian tribes have also established water rights through the courts based on their traditional diversion and use of certain waters prior to the United States' acquisition of sovereignty. For example, the Rio Grande pueblos already existed when the United States acquired sovereignty over New Mexico in 1848. Although they at that time became part of the United States, the pueblo lands never formally constituted a part of federal public lands; in any event, no treaty, statute, or executive order has ever designated or withdrawn the pueblos from public lands as American Indian reservations. This fact, however, has not barred application of the Winters doctrine. What constitutes an American Indian reservation is a question of practice, not of legal definition, and the pueblos have always been treated as reservations by the United States. This pragmatic approach is buttressed by Arizona v. California (1963), where in the Supreme Court indicated that the manner in which any type of federal reservation is created does not affect the application to it of the Winters doctrine. Therefore, the reserved water rights of Pueblo Indians have priority over other citizens' water rights as of 1848, the year in which pueblos must be considered to have become reservations.46. What rights did the treaty establishing the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation fail to identify for its inhabitants?47. What does the passage imply from the only criteria for establishing a reservation's water rights, as discussed in underlined part of the first paragraph?48. What is the relationship between Arizona v. California and the criteria in the Winters doctrine?49. What is the "pragmatic approach" defined as?50. For what purpose does the author cite the fact that the Rio Grande pueblos were never formally withdrawn from public lands?III. Writing (30%)Directions: In this part you are going to write an essay of about 400 words within 60 minutes on the topic of online anti-corruption. Write your essay on the Answer Sheet.Chinese netizens are embracing "online anti-corruption", a sign of the China's endeavor to fight wrongdoing. As reported, a large number of Chinese officials have been removed from their posts due to corruption or misconduct after investigations arising from initial clues provided by internet users. What do you think about it? You should clearly state your main argument and support it with appropriate details.。

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