英语高二(下)上海牛津版(Unit2+Laughter+heals基础知识梳理)教师版

精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义
Wherever I am，I do not feel inferior to others.无论我在哪，都不感到低人一等。

②（质量等）次的；较差的；次于……的
Synthetic fabric is inferior to cotton fabric.合成纤维织物不如棉织品好。

5. humble adj. 谦卑的；虚心的
Many famous people are surprisingly humble.许多知名人士都出奇地谦恭。

Knowledge makes one humble, while ignorance makes one proud.博学使人谦逊，无知使人骄傲。

【拓展】adj.（身份，地位等）低下的，卑微的He is of humble birth.他出身卑微。

vt.使谦卑，使地位降低；使威信扫地
He had to humble himself in the presence of the boss.他在老板面前只得低声下气。

His failure in the competition humbled him.竞赛失利使他丢了脸。

6. precisely adv.精确地；恰好地
The phone rang at precisely 9 o'clock.电话恰好在九点整响起。

I can't remember precisely what happened.我记不准所发生的事情了。

【拓展】precise adj.准确的；精确的He made a precise record of events.他对事件做了准确的记载。

precision n.准确；精确Your report lacks precision.你的报告不够准确。

7. proceed v.前进；前往
The project is proceeding as planned.工程正在按计划进行。

【搭配】proceed to/with sth
My grandfather took a drink from his cup and proceeded with his story.
我的爷爷拿起杯子喝了一口，继续讲他的故事。

After we stayed in London for four days, we proceeded to Paris. 在伦敦呆了四天后，我们前往巴黎。

proceed to do
The teacher cleared his throat and proceeded to speak.老师清了清嗓子，继续讲下去。

8. reverse v.颠倒；翻转；使反向
His coat can be reversed when it begins to rain.他的外衣下雨时能翻过来穿。

The ship reversed course and headed back to the shore.那艘船调转航向，向海岸驶去。

【拓展】( l ) adj.颠倒的，反向的，反面的
This time it came in the reverse direction.这一次它是从相反的方向来的。

She then looked at the reverse side of the coin.接着她看了看钱币的反面。

(2 ) n.背面，反面
They did the reverse of what the parents told them to do.他们做的与父母的要求相反。

The truth is just the reverse.真实情况恰好相反。

The reverse of the coin was stamped with an eagle.硬币的反面压印的是一只鹰。

9. depart v.离开
Their plane departed half an hour ago.他们要乘的飞机半小时前就起飞了。

【搭配】depart from/for sth背离违反depart for…离开去……
He is unwilling to depart from regular practice.他不愿意背离常规。

They departed for work at noon,他们于中午离开去上班了。

【拓展】departure n.离开；出发，启程
The train's departure was on schedule.火车准时开动。

10. puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的
He was puzzled by my answer.我的回答把他搞糊涂了。

【拓展】puzzle v.使迷惑I was puzzled by what he said in his letter.他信中的内容把我搞糊涂了。

puzzling adj.令人迷惑不解的This is a puzzling affair.这是一件令人费解的事情。

11. conceal v.隐藏；隐蔽；隐瞒
e. g. He concealed himself behind the door.他藏在门后。

She tried to conceal what she had done to them.她试图隐瞒对他们所做的事。

He concealed his real motives from me.他对我隐瞒了他的真实动机。

12. stick v. 卡住；粘住
e. g. The bus became stuck in mud. 这辆公共汽车陷进泥里了。

The chewing gum stuck to the girl's shoes.口香糖粘在了那个女孩的鞋上。

The old man stuck a stamp to the envelope.这位老人把一张邮票贴在信封上。

【常用搭配】stick out伸出；明显，突出
e. g. White sticks out against a black background.白色在黑色的背景映衬下很显眼。

stick to坚持；坚守（规则、诺言等）
e. g. He's a man of his word, which means he will stick to his promise.他是个守信用的人，他会信守诺言。

13. alternate adj.间隔的；轮流的；交替的
e. g. The team held a meeting on alternate Wednesday.这个小组每隔一个星期三开一次会。

The students have different exam$ on alternate weeks.这些学生每周进行不同的考试。

We experienced alternate ram and sunshine in Edinburgh, which I later found to be normal in Scotland.
我们在爱丁堡经历了忽晴忽雨的天气，后来我发现在苏格兰这很正常。

14. nonsense n.胡言乱语；废话；胡闹，愚蠢的举动
e. g. She's talking nonsense when she said that she came from another planet.她说自己是从另一个星球来的，那是瞎扯。

He claimed to have taken a photo of an endangered tiger, which turned out to be nothing but a nonsense.
他声称自己拍到了濒危虎种的照片，结果纯属胡说八道。

Ⅱ. Key Expressions重点词组
1. practical joke恶作剧
The kids put salt in the sugar bowl as a practical joke.孩子们搞恶作剧，把盐放进了糖罐里。

【搭配】play a practical joke on sb对某人进行恶作剧
There are books specially written on how to play a practical joke on somebody.有专门的书教你怎样恶作剧。

【拓展】make a joke (about sb / sth)以……为笑柄
Stop making a joke about the boy's hair style. It's really offensive.别拿这个男孩的发型开玩笑了。

这很不礼貌。

make fun of sb拿某人开玩笑，取笑某人
He's not the person that you can make fun of.他可不是你们可以随便取笑的人。

2. define…as…给……下定义
That dictionary defines ‘triangle' as a plain figure with 3 sides and 3 angles.
那本词典把“三角”定义为由三条边和三个角组成的平面图形。

I don't think it is wise to simply define the event as an accident.
我觉得把这件事简单地定义成是一起事故是不明智的。

【拓展】definition n. (1 )下定义；定义；释义
The definition for this word in the dictionary is very puzzling.这本词典中对这个单词的释义很令人费解。

(2 )(U，C)限定；定界；规定
The club must give a clear definition of its goals.俱乐部应对其宗旨作明确规定。

3. play a trick on…戏弄
It's common that people play tricks on each other on April Fool's Day.人们通常在愚人节互相开玩笑。

The children loved to play tricks on each other on April Fool's Day.孩子们喜欢在愚人节互相捉弄。

How do you feel when others play a trick on you? 有人对你开玩笑时，你会有什么感觉？
4. exchange…for…交换；更换
He exchanged some British pounds for US dollars.他把一些英镑兑换成美元。

The little girl exchanged her story book for a magazine with her friend.那个小女孩用她的故事书交换了朋友的杂志。

【拓展】in exchange for…交换……
I will teach you Chinese in exchange for your English course.我教你中文，你教我英语。

He lent me a new film of An Li in exchange for the newly-released album of Jay Zhou.
他借给我李安的新片，作为交换，我借给他周杰伦的最新专辑。

5. roar with laughter 大笑；狂笑
The child's funny expressions made everyone in the room roar with laughter.
小孩搞笑的表情让房间里每个人都大笑起来。

Upon/on hearing the news, they all roared with laughter.一听到这个消息，他们都大笑起来。

Upon/on seeing the picture photo-shopped by some computer experts, they roared with laughter.
一看到被电脑高手处理过的图片，他们哄笑了起来。

【拓展】burst into laughter哈哈大笑起来
Upon/on seeing his ridiculous outfit, his friends burst into laughter.
一看到他穿的滑稽套装，他的朋友们哈哈大笑起来。

6. replace…with…用……替换
We have replaced the old calculator with a computer.我们用电脑取代了陈旧的计算器。

We replaced the red ball with a blue one to see if the baby would notice.
我们用蓝球换下了红球，看这婴儿会不会发觉。

7. at the end of 在……结尾
at the end of the day, months, year, century在日、月、年、世纪等之终结时
At the end of the training, everyone was very tired.训练结束了，每个人都很累。

【拓展】in the end 最后；终于
He tried many different jobs, in the end he became a writer.他做过多种工作，最后当了作家。

The characters in the novel had many troubles at first, but everything came out all right in the end.
在那部小说的开头部分，主人公们麻烦多多，但最后的结局却很完美。

8.on top of 在……上方
On top of the mountain stands a lonely house.在山顶上有一栋孤零零的房子。

Put this record on top of the others.把这张唱片放在其他唱片之上。

Ⅲ. Key Sentences重难点句子
1. In Richard Boston's Book of Practical Jokes, the writer tells the story of a practical joke played on a Mr Potts who worked in a newspaper office.
a Mr Potts who…，在专有名词Mr Potts前，通常是不加冠词的，这里加了不定冠词a是指“一个／某个叫……的人”或“一个像……的人”，不再是限指，特指确定的个人。

There is a Miss Anna waiting for you outside.
有位叫安娜的女士正在外面等你。

（说话者与受话者都不知道指的是哪一个安娜。

）
He has made various inventions since childhood. He is really an Edison
以童年起他就进行了各种发明，他真是一个像爱迪生一样的人。

2. The impression that Mr Potts regarded his colleagues as inferiors made him unpopular.
regard…as…把……看作／视为……
Little children are likely to regard their teachers as heroes.小孩子们常常会把他们的老师视为英雄。

The suspect was regarded as guilty.嫌疑犯被认为是有罪的。

【拓展】consider…(as/to be)…
view…as…
s ee… a s…
look on/upon…as…
think of…as…
I always look on him as a most promising young man.我一直把他视作一个很有前途的年青人。

It is considered (as/to be) impolite to talk with mouth full.边吃边说话被认为是不礼貌的。

3. Now it so happened that Mr Potts always wore the same hat to work.
I t (so) happened that…是一个固定句型，意为“碰巧……”。

注意：①这里的SO作为副词用于加强语气，常可省略。

②happen在此句型中不可用于被动语态。

③此句型中that引导的是主语从句，所以that不能省略。

It so happens that my class teacher used to be my mother's teacher.我的班主任碰巧曾经是我母亲的老师。

It happened that when the fire broke out there was no one in the house.火灾发生的时候，碰巧房子里没有人。

It happened that I sat by her in the cinema.在电影院我碰巧坐在她旁边。

4. He took his hat from the peg, placed it on his head, said‘ Good afternoon，’and departed for home.
此句中出现的“took”，“placed”，“said”，“departed”是并列的四个谓语动词，表示接连发生的一连串动作，所以必须使用相同的时态，最后用并列连词and连接。

The magician took out a handkerchief, folded it9 blew on it and made it disappear.
魔术师拿出一条手绢，把它折起来，又朝它吹了口气，接着它就消失了。

5. The next day, to everyone's surprise, Mr Potts turned叩with his hat in its normal position.
with his hat in its normal position是“with+名词+介词短语”的复合结构，在句中充当伴随状语。

e. g. He came into the room with a smile on his face.他脸上带着微笑走进房间。

【知识拓展】含有介词with的复合结构由“介词with+复合结构”构成，复合结构作介词with的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充
当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。

该结构的构成方式如下：
①with+n. /pron. +adj.
e. g. The woman likes to sleep with the windows open.这个女人喜欢开着窗睡觉。

②with+n. /pron. +adv.
e. g. The fans cheered crazily with their hands up.这些歌迷举起双手，疯狂地欢呼着。

③with+n. /pron. +infinitive
e. g. With three films to shoot, the director will be very busy the whole next year.
有三部影片要拍，这个导演明年一整年都会很忙碌。

④with十n. /pron. 十-ing participle
e. g. The big star squeezed his way out of the airport with several bodyguards protecting him.
这位大明星在几个保镖的保护下挤出了机场。

．
⑤with +n. /pron.+-ed participle
e. g. With wrinkles removed, the actress looked more gorgeous.除去了皱纹，这个女明星看上去更美了。

6. ‘Nonsense,' said the doctor. ‘There is no such disease.’
no such disease相当于not such a disease。

such -般放在no、all、any、many等词的后面，但如果与不定冠词连用时则放在其前面。

e. g. There is no such fool like me.没有像我这样的傻子。

There is no such exciting game like that.那场比赛真是精彩刺激。

Little time is left for us to do with all such documents.我们没有多少时间来处理所有这些文件了。

This isn't the only story of starving children. Many such cases are reported every day.
这并非饥饿儿童的唯一事例，很多类似事例每天被报道。

I. Key Words重点单词
1. proverb n.谚语
The little child has learnt many proverbs.这个小孩已经学会了许多谚语。

He likes to quote proverbs in his compositions.他喜欢在作文中引用谚语。

2. strengthen v.加强；巩固
It is a systematic attempt to strengthen our competitive ability.那是为增强我们的竞争能力而作的有计划的努力。

He did exercises to strengthen his muscle.他进行锻炼使肌肉强劲有力。

【拓展】strength n.力量，力气
For a small woman she has a surprising strength.她人虽小但力大惊人。

He has regain his strength after his illness.他病后已经恢复了体力。

3. emotion n.情绪；情感
the split between reason and emotion理智和感情的分裂
Love, joy, hate, fear and grief are all human emotions.爱、喜、恨、惧、悲都是人类的情感。

【拓展】emotional adj.感情的，情绪的
This is a emotional problems.这是个感情问题
He felt deep emotional stress.他感觉到有很深的感情压力。

4. increasingly adv.越来越多地；日益增加地
e. g. I'm finding it increasingly difficult to pay my bills.我觉得越来越无力支付账款了。

He grew increasingly dependent on her.他越来越依赖她了。

The boy is increasingly rude to me.这个男孩对我越来越没有礼貌了。

【知识拓展】increasing adj.逐渐增加的
e. g. US manufacturers feel increasing competition from such companies as Fiat.
美国制造商越来越感到来自诸如菲亚特一类公司的竞争。

5. comedy n.喜剧
I prefer comedies to tragedies.我喜欢喜剧胜过悲剧。

【拓展】comedian n.喜剧演员The man is a wonderful comedian.这个人是一名卓越的喜剧演员。

6. clown n.小丑
e. g. The clown is very ridiculous.这个小丑很可笑。

The International Clown Festival is being held in Century Park.世纪公园正在举办国际小丑艺术：
7. run v.管理；运作；提供（服务等）
e. g. He has learned to run farm machines.他学会了开农场的机器。

They have the right to run their own affairs.他们有权管理自己的事务。

He has no idea about how to run a business.他对企业管理一窍不通。

They ran the kindergarten extremely well.他们把幼儿园办得很好。

8. undergo v.经历（变化；不快的事）；忍受
e. g. You may have to undergo disappointment and failure before experiencing success.
你在尝到成功的滋味之前，也许得忍受失望与失败。

I hope that I never have to undergo such unpleasant experience again.我希望自己永远不会再遭遇这种不愉快的经历
A11 the freshmen will undergo a medical examination.所有新生都将接受体格检查。

9．deny v.否认
e. g. No one can deny that she is a good singer.不可否认，她是个优秀的歌手。

【常用搭配】deny that
e. g. There is no denying that…事实不可否认……
I do not deny that is a serious blow.我不否认那是严重的一击。

deny doing
e. g. He denied having seen these watches before.他否认曾经见过这些手表。

10. volunteer v.志愿
e. g. He volunteered to help wash the dishes.他自愿帮忙洗碗。

He volunteered to help arrange my birthday party.他自愿帮我安排生日聚会。

【知识拓展】volunteer n.志愿者
e. g. Many of us became the volunteers for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.
我们中有许多人成了2008年北京奥运会的志愿者。

11. bureau n.局；处；科
e. g. Federal Bureau of Investigation联邦调查局
He worked in a government bureau until he retired.他一直在一个政府部门工作，直到退休。

Ⅱ. Key Expressions重点词组
1. be equivalent to 相当于；等同于
e. g. His reply is equivalent to a refusal.他的回答等于是拒绝。

A meter is equivalent t0 39. 37 inches.1米相当于39. 37英寸。

【知识拓展】equivalent n.等价物，同义字
e. g. A dime is the equivalent of two nickels.一角硬币等于两个五分镍币。

Some English words have no Chinese equivalents.有些英文字在中文里没有对应的词。

2. cheer…up 使高兴起来；使振作起来
e. g. He looks unhappy. Let's cheer him up.他看起来不高兴。

我们使他高兴起来吧！
He often cheers his younger sister up.他经常逗妹妹开心。

Ⅲ. Key Sentences重难点句子
1. Everyone knows that it is fun to laugh and that laughing makes you feel good.
(1)句中出现的两个that是谓语动词know后所跟的两句并列的宾语从句的连接词。

在这种情况下，that最好不要省略，
以免引起歧义。

(2)在it is fun to laugh中，it是形式主语，to laugh才是真正的主语。

e. g. It is fun to look after the lovely little child.照顾这个可爱的小孩是一件快乐的事情。

2. Now doctors and researchers are telling us that laughter is good for our health and may even prevent illnesses such as heart disease.
be good for…意为“对……有好处”。

e. g. Reading fairy tales is good for developing children's imagination.阅读童话故事对培养孩子的想象力有好处。

Acting on the advice of the elderly is good for young people.听从老人的忠告行事对年轻人有好处。

3. When people are stressed, they watch funny films to laugh away emotions such as anger, sadness and fear.
laugh away意为“用笑来驱除”。

e. g. He knows that they mean no harm, so he always laughs away their jokes.
他知道他们并没有恶意，因此总是对他们的玩笑一笑了之。

That she can always laugh away her trouble and sorrow is the secret of her longevity.
她总是对麻烦和伤心事一笑了之，这就是她长寿的秘诀。

4. This is why laughter is increasingly being used in hospitals as a form of therapy.
句中画线部分是由疑问词why引导的表语从句。

疑问词引导的表语从句需用陈述句语序。

e. g. This is how she makes the apple pie.这是她如何做苹果馅饼的方法。

That is how you can get there.那是你怎样到达那儿的方式。

5. They have started showing comedies on hospital TVs and, on the advice of doctors, clowns visit some hospitals to bring laughter to the patients.
on the advice of sb意为“在某人的建议下”。

e. g. On the advice of the team leader, the members put off discussing the tough problem for a couple of days.
在领队的建议下，队员们推迟两天讨论这个棘手的问题。

【知识拓展】do sth by/on sb's advice按某人的意见做某事
e. g. You always do everything on your own advice.你总是按你自己的意见做事情．
ask for sb’s advice/ask advice of sb向某人征求意见
e. g. If you don't know how to learn English well, you may ask for our English teacher's advice.
如果你不知道如何学好英语，你可以征求一下我们英语老师的意见。

follow sb's advice遵循某人的意见
e. g. You should follow the man's advice. After all, he has experience such thing.
你应该遵循那个人的意见。

毕竟，他已经经历过这样的事情。

6. One group who arranges such visits is the Humour Foundation, an Australian charity.
an Australian charity在句中充当同位语，补充说明“the Humour Foundation"。

Foundation n.基金会
e. g. This foundation is set up for the benefits of disabled children round the world.
这个基金会是为帮助全世界的残疾儿童而创立的。

charity n.慈善团体；慈善
( )23. A. succeed B. afford C. risk D. pretend
( )24. A. turn out B. hold out C. find out D. get out
( ) 25. A. clothes B. families C. details D. gossip
Section C：Reading Comprehension
(A)
Flag-waving crowds roared with joy. Fire-works crackled across the sky. Newspapers proclaimed (宣布) "Victory for China. "
For the Chinese, it was another victory in a campaign to land international events as status(地位) symbols, ranging from the Olympics to gatherings of accountants, academics and badminton fanciers (爱好者，迷).
Observers say hosting such events is, ultimately(最终), about restoring China to its former glory. And with glorious ancient culture and an economy growing by 8 percent a year, China has the right and the means to be host.
"From the point of view of the rest of the world... events like this are obviously good because they create incentives(刺激，鼓励) for maintaining moderate foreign policy," said Daniel Lynch of the University of Southern California's School of International Relations.
Chinese leaders describe winning bids as a solemn(庄严的) trust.
"I am convinced that the World Exposition in Shanghai in 2010 will contribute to the peace and progress of mankind," Jiang said in a thank you letter after the announcement of Shanghai's win by World's Fair organizers.
Shanghai's promoters say their World's Fair will attract 70 million Visitors. The city has pledged(保证) to improve airports, highways, and rail lines. If the enthusiasm can be sustained(维持) over the next eight years, the fair will no doubt benefit from strong public support.
The official Xinhua News Agency reported a "fervor(热烈，热情)" claiming 86 percent of Shanghainese surveyed knew of the bid and even more — 90 percent — backed it.
( )26. According to the article, China has NOT won the bid to land international events in the circles/world.
A. sporting
B. financial
C. academic
D. entertainment
( )27. It can be inferred from the passage that the chief purpose of China's bidding to all those international events is .
A. to improve its status in the world
B. to earn profits from these events
C. to attract visitors to China
D. to promote foreign trade
( )28. In the last paragraph, the underlined word "backed" means .
A. opposed
B. supported
C. ignored
D. rejected
Step6: To have a summary
Step 7: Homework
1．记忆本单元重要词汇和句型
2．完成课后作业
I. Reading Comprehension
A
Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relation-ships. One strength of the human condition is our possibility to give and receive support from one another under stressful (有压力的) conditions. Social support makes up the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to deal with major life changes and daily problems. People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over types of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, show that the presence of social support helps people defend themselves against illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.
Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives and co-workers may let us know that they value
us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others in spite of our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Taking part in free-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting (转移注意力) us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support, money aid, material resources, and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and deal with our problems.
( )1. Interpersonal relationships are important because they can ________ .
A. make people live more easily
B. smooth away daily problems
C. deal with life changes
D. cure types of illnesses
( )2. The researches show that people's physical and mental health _________ .
A. lies in the social medical care system which supports them
B. has much to do with the amount of support they get from others
C. depends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troubles
D. is related to their courage for dealing with major life changes
( )3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word ' cushions'?
A. takes place of
B. makes up
C. lessens the effect of
D. gets rid of
( )4. Helping a sick neighbour with some repair work in spare time is an example of _________ .
A. instrumental support
B. informational support
C. social companionship
D. the strengthening of self-respect
( )5. What is the subject discussed in the text?
A. Interpersonal relationships.
B. Kinds of social support.
C. Ways to deal with stress.
D. Effects of stressful condition.
B
I remained in the orphanage(孤儿院) for eight years. During that time, my life was without change, but I was not unhappy, because I was not inactive. I had the chance of an excellent education. I became the first girl in the first class; two years later I became a teacher.
Miss Temple had till now continued in charge of Lowood. To her teaching, I owed(归功于) the better part of my education. Her friendship and company had been a comfort to me. She had stood for me in the place of mother, teacher and friend. But at this period, she married. She left with her husband for a distant part of the country, and was lost to me.
From that day, I was no longer the same. My world seemed not only narrow but empty. School rules, school duties, school habits... these were all I knew. But I remembered that the real world was wide, then a sudden wide desire for freedom came over me.
"What do I want?" I asked myself. "A new place, a new house, among new faces, in new conditions, is the best that I can hope for. How do people get a new place? They apply to friends, I suppose. I have no friends. What do people do in such a case?"
I could not tell: nothing answered me. But after a night's sleep, an idea came quietly and naturally to my mind. I must advertise.
I was up very early. I had my advertisement written before the bell rang to wake the school. It was as follows:
A young lady accustomed to(习惯于) teaching desires to find a post in a private family where the children are under fourteen. She is qualified to teach the usual subjects of a good English education, together with French, drawing and music. Address: J. E. , Post Office, Lowton.
After tea, I asked permission of the new head teacher to go to the neighbouring town of Lowton. It was readily given.
I went, visited a shop or two, put my letter into the post-office box, and returned home with a relieved heart.
( )6. According to the passage, Miss Temple _______ .
A. was still single
B. was friendly to me
C. was similar to my mother in appearance
D. got lost in the country
( )7. I intended to leave Lowood, because _______ .
A. I was short of money
B. I desired to get married
C. I was dying to follow Miss Temple
D. I wanted to have a change in my circumstances
( )8. I wrote my advertisement for ________ .
A. a teaching post in a private school
B. a post of housekeeper
C. a wealthy husband
D. a post of a private teacher ( )9. This passage is _________.
A. an advertisement
B. a report
C. an excerpt from a novel
D. a newspaper article
II. Translation
1. 跟陌生人恶作剧是不明智的。

( play a joke on…)
2. 这就是他英语上取得进步的原因。

(This is why…)
3. 碰巧当我去他们学校时他们在举行晚会。

(It happened that…)
4.老师通过讲自己的故事让考试失误的学生们振作起来。

(cheer…up with)
5.小镇上的人们加强了防守。

( strengthen)。