topic sentence
（写作知识）如何写好TopicSentence-高级英语写作-北外网院论坛之家-Powe...
（写作知识）如何写好TopicSentence-高级英语写作-北外网院论坛之家-Powe...[写作知识]如何写好Topic Sentence本帖最后由 Tdengyajiao 于 2010-4-1 15:08 编辑如何写好Topic SentenceImportant Topic Sentence in a PassageThe topic sentence properly used can achieve unity in the paragraph, which indicates the importance of the topic sentence.But what is the topic sentence? The topic sentence is an EMPHATICALLY placed, EXPLICIT statement of the central idea in a paragraph. A good topic sentence in a paragraph will help the writer to focus on his subject, prevent him from introducing unrelated material.How does a topic sentence work then? A topic sentence does two things:1) it lays down the subject2) it puts forth the main idea about the subjectsuppose we are asked to write a paragraph on each of the following subjects:1)Subject: MusicFocus: … is interesting and enjoyable.2)subject: Educationfocus: … is very important in the modern world.3)Subject: DramaFocus: I like …Now we have some topic sentences (which may or may not be good topic sentences—that is the question we are going to discuss below). Clearly each of the topic sentences has two parts: a subject and something said about the subject, we can call it the focus.But are they good topic sentences? Surely not! Take the subject “music” for instance.Ask ourselves, “what do we mean by music? What kind of music? Do we mean symphonic music, chamber music, pop music or other sources? How can we cover so many types of music in one paragraph? Or in a short article of 150 to 200 words?”Focus: … is interesting and enjoyable.Ask ourselves again, “ what do we mean by interesting and enjoyable? Look in a dictionary, interesting—exciting curiosity or attention, enjoyable—agreeable. These two words don’t say very much about music. They simply express approval and they are FAR TOO VAGUE for a good topic sentence.We can find that “Music is interesting and enjoyable” makes a bad topic sentence—bad because the subject is too broad; bad because the focus is vague.(Could you provide a satisfying topic sentence for the subject "music"??)The same is true of each of the following examples:Science fiction is always exciting.Water pollution is a big problem.Life began in a strange way.What makes good topic sentences then? A good topic sentence has a limited subject and a sharp focus. That is, neither too general nor too narrow. A topic sentence that is too general leaves little to be said in the rest of the paragraph. Too general requires much more paragraphs to develop it.Here are some simple, factual statements that are too narrow to require any development or support:1)I live in an apartment.2)Last summer I worked as a gas station attendant.3) Many children watch cartoons on Saturday morning.The following, in contrast, are assertive statements that we can write about in a paragraph1) Living in an apartment has its drawbacks/advantages.2) Working as a gas station attendant was the worst job I ever had last summer.3) Some experts feel that violence in cartoons is bad for children.You can provide better topic sentences than that of the above. Why not have a try?Exercises: revise the following topic sentences to narrow the focus by stressing a controlling idea.Eg. Original: Today many young people have developed a culture of their own.Revision: Long hair, colorful clothing, and new musical forms are part of the new culture of many of today’s young people.Eg. The Santana is a fine car.à Super engine performance and beautiful design make the Santana a find automobile.1) Participation in college sports is beneficial.2) Motion pictures should be censored.3) People could make a better use of their leisure time.4) China should take a stronger role in world affairs.5) Studying a foreign language is useful.6) Online education is becoming more important every year.( No fixed answer to each question. Please provide your answer and let’s have some discussion here)MORE EXPLANATION ABOUT TOPIC SENTENCE-------------------------------------------What is a topic sentence?A topic sentence states the main point of a paragraph: it serves as a mini-thesis for the paragraph. You might think of it as a signpost for your readers—or a headline—something that alerts them to the most important, interpretive points in your essay. When read in sequence, your essay's topic sentences will provide a sketch of the essay's argument. Thus topics sentences help protect your readers from confusion by guiding them through the argument. But topicsentences can also help you to improve your essay by making it easier for you to recognize gaps or weaknesses in your argument.Where do topic sentences go?Topic sentences usually appear at the very beginning of paragraphs. In the following example from Anatomy of Criticism, Northrop Frye establishes the figure of the tragic hero as someone more than human, but less than divine. He backs up his claim with examples of characters from literature, religion and mythology whose tragic stature is a function of their ability to mediate between their fellow human beings and a power that transcends the merely human: The tragic hero is typically on top of the wheel of fortune, half-way between human society on the ground and the something greater in the sky. Prometheus, Adam, and Christ hang between heaven and earth, between a world of paradisal freedom and a world of bondage. Tragic heroes are so much the highest points in their human landscape that they seem the inevitable conductors of the power about them, great trees more likely to be struck by lightning than a clump of grass. Conductors may of course be instruments as well as victims of the divine lightning: Milton's Samson destroys the Philistine temple with himself, and Hamlet nearly exterminates the Danish court in his own fall.The structure of Frye's paragraph is simple yet powerful: the topic sentence makes an abstract point, and the rest of the paragraph elaborates on that point using concrete examples as evidence.Does a topic sentence have to be at the beginning of a paragraph?No, though this is usually the most logical place for it. Sometimes a transitional sentence or two will come before a topic sentence: We found in comedy that the term bomolochos or buffoon need not be restricted to farce, but could be extended to cover comic characters who are primarily entertainers, with the function of increasing or focusing the comic mood. The corresponding contrasting type is the suppliant, the character, often female, who presents a picture of unmitigated helplessness and destitution. Such a figure is pathetic, and pathos, though it seems a gentler and more relaxed mood than tragedy, is even more terrifying. Its basis is the exclusion of an individual from the group; hence it attacks the deepest fear in ourselves that we possess--a fear much deeper than the relativelycosy and sociable bogey of hell. In the suppliant pity and terror are brought to the highest possible pitch of intensity, and the awful consequences of rejecting the suppliant for all concerned is a central theme of Greek tragedy.The context for this passage is an extended discussion of the characteristics of tragedy. In this paragraph, Frye begins by drawing a parallel between the figure of the buffoon in comedy and that of the suppliant in tragedy. His discussion of the buffoon occurred in a earlier section of the chapter, a section devoted to comedy. The first sentence of the current paragraph is transitional: it prepares the way for the topic sentence. The delayed topic sentence contributes to the coherence of Frye's discussion by drawing an explicit connection between key ideas in the book. In essays, the connection is usually between the last paragraph and the current one.Sometimes writers save a topic sentence for the end of a paragraph. You may, for example, occasionally find that giving away your point at the beginning of a paragraph does not allow you to build your argument toward an effective climax.How do I come up with a topic sentence? And what makes a good one? Ask yourself what's going on in your paragraph. Why have you chosen to include the information you have? Why is the paragraph important in the context of your argument? What point are you trying to make?Relating your topic sentences to your thesis can help strengthen the coherence of your essay. If you include a thesis statement in your introduction, then think of incorporating a keyword from that statement into the topic sentence. But you need not be overly explicit when you echo the thesis statement. Better to be subtle rather than heavy-handed. Do not forget that your topic sentence should do more than just establish a connection between your paragraph and your thesis. Use a topic sentence to show how your paragraph contributes to the development of your argument by moving it that one extra step forward. If your topic sentence merely restates your thesis, then either your paragraph is redundant or your topic sentence needs to be reformulated. If several of your topic sentences restate your thesis, even if they do so in different words, then your essay is probably repetitive.Does every paragraph need one?No, but most do. Sometimes a paragraph helps to develop the same point as in the previous paragraph, and so a new topic sentence would be redundant. And sometimes the evidence in your paragraph makes your point so effectively that your topic sentence can remain implicit. But if you are in doubt, it's best to use one.。
topic sentences的定义
“Topic sentences”的意思是“主题句”，它是一个段落或文章的中心思想的概括性句子。
主题句通常出现在段落的开头，有时也可能出现在段落的中间或结尾。
主题句的作用是向读者明确段落或文章的主要内容和重点，它可以帮助读者快速理解段落或文章的主旨。
主题句通常简洁明了，能够概括段落或文章的核心观点或主题。
在写作中，使用主题句可以使文章结构更加清晰，逻辑更加连贯。
通过主题句的引导，读者可以更容易地跟上作者的思路，并理解文章的整体框架。
同时，主题句也为段落或文章的其他句子提供了一个框架和指导，确保它们都与主题相关并支持主题的阐述。
以下是一个主题句的示例：
“化石记录显示，恐龙在大约6,600 万年前灭绝，为哺乳动物的崛起铺平了道路。
”
在这个例子中，主题句明确了段落的主要内容，即恐龙的灭绝以及它对哺乳动物崛起的影响。
topic-sentencePPT课件
e.g.
1) Convenience foods are easy to prepare.
2) Alcoholic beverages should be banned from college campuses for two reasons.
.
9
• There are several enjoyable ways to travel between the US and Queretaro.
• Animals in danger of becoming extinct come from a wide range of countries.
topic and a controlling idea.
The Topic Sentence = Topic + Controlling Idea
3) The topic sentence should be neither too general nor too specific.
.
6
Examples: 1) The importance of reading widely.
3.Concluding sentence. (论句/结尾句 ) sentences to give more
detailed information about
the topic sentence.
a sentence to end a paragraph or
to summarize(总结. ） the ideas.
topic-sentence电子教案
• Most US universities require a 550 point TOEFL score for a number of reasons.
• Air pollution in Mexico City is the worst in the world for a number of reasons.
The Topic Sentence = Topic + Controlling Idea
3) The topic sentence should be neither too general nor too specific.
Examples: 1) The importance of reading widely.
3) There are quite a few unusual superstitions in China about marriage.
Read the following topic sentences and then identify the topic and the controlling idea in each sentence • People can avoid burglaries by taking certain precautions.
Reading widely is very important in improving one’s reading comprehension. 2) Fire accidents in big cities. Recently years have witnessed a marked growth of fire accidents in big cities in our country. 3) To make all the decisions for children. Parents in China tend to make all the decisions for their children.
topic sentence
Revised: a) There are two reasons why some people like to buy cars with automatic transmission. OR (in a different paragraph): b) There are two reasons why some people like cars with manual transmission.
Work in groups of four and find the topic sentence of each paragraph !
1 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness) ---- cancer, cigarette smoking can also causxample, it can give one a "smoker's cough". Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it?
Here are some examples of sentences that cannot be used as topic sentences. Can you figure out why they are inappropriate? 1) My hometown is famous because it is located by Wheaton River, which is very wide, and because it is built near an unusually steep hill called Wheaton Hill. Analysis:
英语写作万能句：主题句
主题句(topic sentence)是表达段落主题的句⼦。
它⽤以概括段落⼤意，要求全段其他⽂字都围绕它展开。
请看下例： My mother has passed along to me certain rules for getting along with others. Don't argue with parents; they will think you don't love them. Don't argue with children; they will think themselves victimized. Don't argue with spouses; they will think you are a tiresome mate. Don't argue with strangers; they will think you are not friendly. My mother's rules, in fact, can be summed up in two words: Don't argue. 主题句中提出的 "certain rules" 指的是什么?展开句中通过四个 "Don't argue --" 逐⼀加以交代。
从结构来看，这是⼀个⽐较典型的段落，它包括了主题句，推展句和结论句(即本段中的末句)。
1.1 主题句的位置 主题句通常放在段落的开端，其特点是开门见⼭地摆出问题，然后加以详细说明。
其作⽤是使⽂章的结构更清晰，更具说服⼒，便于读者迅速地把握主题和想象全段的内容。
主题句可以放在段中起到承上启下的作⽤，或放在段尾起概括全段的作⽤。
但初学者⽐较难于掌握，因⽽在四级考试中，考⽣应尽量采⽤将主题句放在段落开头的写作⼿法。
， 例1: Our life today depends very much on energy. In towns and in villages, on farms and in factories, machines have made life easier than it used to be. The machines use energy, and energy is needed for heating, lighting, communications, carrying goods -- everything. Factories and industrial plants use a great deal of energy to make the things that we use and buy and sell.， 这段⽂字所讲的主要是能源问题。
topic sentence的例子
topic sentence的例子问题并提供详细的解释和例子。
请注意，文章应为原创，不得抄袭。
例：Social media has drastically changed the way we communicate [社交媒体已经彻底改变了我们的交流方式]随着社交媒体的普及，我们已经越来越依赖于这些平台来与朋友、家人和同事保持联系。
然而，这种交流方式给我们带来了一些好处和挑战。
在本文中，我们将深入探讨这些问题，并提供解决方案。
首先，社交媒体改变了我们的社交方式。
以前，人们主要通过电话、面对面会议或邮件来沟通。
现在，我们可以通过社交媒体平台上的即时信息、视频聊天和直播来交流。
这种交流方式虽然更加便捷，但却会导致社交疏远和沉迷。
另一个与社交媒体相关的问题是信息过载。
我们现在有许多不同的渠道来获取新闻和信息，包括Facebook、Twitter和Instagram。
然而，由于社交媒体上的信息源太多了，我们很可能会错过关键信息，或者被假信息所误导。
这也导致了社交媒体上的假新闻横飞和流言蜚语的传播。
除此之外，社交媒体也成为了一种由偏见和偏见主导的环境。
由于算法的缘故，我们往往只会看到和自己观点一致的信息和意见，而忽略了其他的观点。
这导致了我们越来越难以理解别人的立场和情感，从而使我们的社交技能和同理心退化。
那么，社交媒体如何应对这些问题呢？首先，我们可以限制社交媒体使用的时间和频率。
设定一个固定的时间来浏览社交媒体，可以帮助我们更好地控制自己的时间和注意力。
其次，我们应该多关注多元化的信息源，以获取更全面、准确的信息。
选择合适的信息来源可以帮助我们过滤掉虚假信息和偏见。
最后，我们可以尝试多播放社交媒体平台上不同的来源，并保持开放的心态，以避免陷入偏见和偏见的陷阱。
总之，社交媒体的普及改变了我们的社交方式和信息获取方式。
然而，随着时间的推移，我们已经认识到社交媒体可能会导致与沉迷和偏见有关的问题。
通过采取适当的措施和增强社交技能，我们可以更好地利用社交媒体的优势，进而避免它的陷阱。
英语写作topic sentence
英语写作中的主题句在英语写作中，主题句是一个非常重要的概念，能够帮助读者更好地理解文章的主题和结构。
本文将介绍主题句的定义、作用和写作技巧。
下面是本店铺为大家精心编写的5篇《英语写作中的主题句》，供大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。
《英语写作中的主题句》篇1一、主题句的定义主题句是英语写作中的一个重要概念，指的是每个段落的第一句话，用于概括该段落的主题和内容，同时为读者提供指引，让他们更好地理解文章的结构和主题。
主题句通常是一个简明扼要的句子，它应该清晰地表达出该段落的主题和重点。
二、主题句的作用主题句的作用非常多，主要包括以下几个方面:1. 概括段落内容：主题句应该能够概括该段落的主要内容，让读者对该段落的主题有一个清晰的了解。
2. 指引读者：主题句应该能够为读者提供指引，让他们更好地理解文章的结构和主题。
通过阅读主题句，读者应该能够了解该段落在整篇文章中的位置和作用。
3. 突出重点：主题句应该能够突出该段落的重点，让读者更好地理解文章的重点和主旨。
三、主题句的写作技巧写作主题句需要掌握一些技巧，主要包括以下几个方面:1. 简明扼要：主题句应该简明扼要，不要使用过多的词汇和复杂的句子结构。
2. 突出重点：主题句应该突出该段落的重点，不要包含太多无关的信息。
3. 与文章内容相呼应：主题句应该与文章内容相呼应，不要出现矛盾或不相关的内容。
4. 避免使用结论性词语：主题句应该避免使用结论性词语，如“因此”、“所以”等，因为这些词语可能会误导读者对该段落的理解。
英语写作中的主题句是一个非常重要的概念，能够帮助读者更好地理解文章的主题和结构。
《英语写作中的主题句》篇2英语写作中的主题句是指在文章或段落中，用来表达主题或中心思想的句子。
主题句通常出现在文章或段落的开头，用于引入和概括后续内容。
在写作中，主题句的运用可以帮助读者更好地理解文章结构和主题，同时也可以帮助作者更好地组织文章思路。
一个好的主题句应该具有以下特点：1. 简洁明了：主题句应该用简短的语言表达出文章或段落的主题，不宜过于复杂或冗长。
topic-sentence
• Most US universities require a 550 point TOEFL score for a number of reasons.
• Air pollution in Mexico City is the worst in the world for a number of reasons.
sentences to give more detailed information about
the topic sentence.
a sentence to end a paragraph or to summarize(总结） the ideas.
The Topic Sentence
• The characteristics of a topic sentence • The positions of a topic sentence
3) American food is tasteless and greasy. (suitable)
Group 2 1) Many voters supported the candidate. (too general)
2) Many voters passively supported the candidate.
The Characteristics
1) The topic sentence must be a complete sentence. 2) The topic sentence should always contain both a
topic and a controlling idea.
topic sentence 主题句
Looking for the Topic SentenceMore often than not, one sentence in a paragraph tells the reader exactly what the subject of the paragraph is and thus gives •the •main idea. This main idea sentence is called a topic sentence or topic statement. The topic sentence states briefly an idea whose full meaning and significance are developed by the supporting •details. It may appear at the beginning, or in the middle, or at the end of a paragraph.Sample 1: At the beginningLondon's weather is very strange . It can rain several times• a• day; each time the rain may come suddenly after the sun is shining brightly. The air is damp and chill right through July. On •one March afternoon on Hampton Heath last year it rained three times, there was one hail(冰雹) storm, and the sun shone brilliantly -•-•all •this within two hours' time. It is not unusual to see men and women rushing down the street on a sunny morning with umbrellas on their arms. No one knows what the next few moments will bring.(The main idea in this paragraph is London's weather is very strange . All the other sentences illustrate the •idea •with supporting details.)Sample 2: In the middleJust as I settle down to read or watch television, he demands that I play with him. If I •get •a •telephone call,• he •screams in •the background or knocks something over. I always have to hang up to •find out what's wrong with him. Baby- sitting with my little brother is no fun . He refuses to let me eat a snack in peace. Usually he •wants half of whatsoever I have to eat. Then, when he finally grows tired, it takes about an hour for him to fall asleep.(All the details are cited in this paragraph •to support the main idea: Baby--sitting with my little brother is no fun. )Sample 3: At the endDoctors are of the opinion that most people cannot live beyond 100 years, but a growing number •of •scientists believe •that •the aging process can be controlled. There are more than 12,000 Americans •over 100 years old, and their numbers are increasing each year. Dr.• James Langley of Chicago claims that, theoretically and under •ideal conditions, animals, including man, can live •six •times longer •than their normal period of growth. A person's period of growth lasts about 25 years. •If •Dr. •Langley's theory •is •accurate•, •future generations can expect a life span of 150 years.Sometimes a writer wants to give strong emphasis to a topic sentence. He may place a topic sentence at both the beginning •and end •of •a paragraph. This can tell a reader that the idea in this paragraph •is more important than other ideas found in other paragraphs.Sample 4: At both the beginning and endGood manners are important in all countries. But ways of expressing good manners are different from country to country. Americans eat •with knives and forks; Japanese eat with chopsticks. Americans say "Hi" when they meet; Japanese bow. Many American •men open •doors •for women; Japanese men do not. On the surface,••it appears •that •good manners in America are not good manners in Japan, and in a way this is true. But in any country, the only manners that are important are those involving one person's behavior toward another person. In all countries it is good manners to •behave considerately •toward •others •and •bad manners not to. It is only the way of behaving •politely •that differs from country to country .(This paragraph begins with •a •topic •sentence •and ends with a restatement of the same topic sentence.)。
教你怎么写topicsentence
• Most US universities require a 550 point TOEFL score for a number of reasons.
• Air pollution in Mexico City is the worst in the world for a number of reasons.
• Animals in danger of becoming extinct come from a wide range of countries.
• Effective leadership requires specific qualities that anyone can develop.
Generally speakwinhga, tthtehseeptharreaegdraifpfehreinst
types of sentences paragraph:
plamy adiifnfelyreanbt orouopic sentence; (主题句 ) 2.Supporting sentences;(扩展句/阐述句 ) 3.Concluding sentence. (结论句/结尾句 )
The Characteristics
1) The topic sentence must be a complete sentence. 2) The topic sentence should always contain both a
topic and a controlling idea.
sentences to give more detailed information about
英语作文之topic sentence
20100512062王珍Topic 1: Factors Influencing Young Adults中文：Topic sentences:1、There is no generation gap between Friends and us.2、Friends are playing essential parts in our social activities .3、It is a proper way to share our personal emotions with friends.Topic 2: The Benefits for Working as Village Officials中文：较稳定的收入、竞争较小、生活环境较好、深入基层、体察情民情，体会农村的疾苦、为政治前途积累经验、锻炼吃苦耐劳的精神、Topic sentences:1、W orking as village officials is accessible to obtaining stable salaryand lead a healthy life-style2、W orking in village enables officials to consider the people living inpoverty.3、W orking in the basement layer is an essential primary stage forofficials during the way of deepening their political career. Topic 3: Should Smoking Be Banned in Public Places?中文:危害他人健康、缺乏社会公德心、二手烟民、同时祸及多人、危害程度大、范围广、侵害他人健康的权益、害人害己Topic sentences:1、Smoking in public places is lacking the consciousness of socialobligation and conscience.2、Smoking in public places deprives the surrounding people’s right ofhealthy by unconscious.3、Smoking in public places has the potential possibility of damagingthe health of our whole social members in a widely and speedily way.Topic 4: How to Get Along with Your Roommates中文：互相理解、支持、包容、平等、真诚待人、互相关心、团队精神、Topic sentences:1、Getting along with roommates requires adequateunderstanding and patience when dealing with contradiction.2、Sincere communication takes a crucial role in getting alongwell with roommates.3、The awareness of teamwork and care for others enable us tolive in a harmony atmosphere.Topic 5: The Importance of Integrity中文：获得他人信任、高尚的美德、尊重他人的表现、有利于维持社会秩序Topic sentences:1、Integrity enables the honest people to win others’ trust andsupport which may contribute to their success.2、Integrity is a precious virtue of presenting respect to others3、Integrity is one of the most significant elements inmaintaining a well-organized society.非常不错的思路和表达方式，我很惊喜！继续加油！。
英语写作 主题句 Topic sentence
1. Beginning part; (开始/起始部分 )
2. Developing part; (扩展/阐述部分 )
3.
Concluding part. several
l(o结g论ica/结l s尾en部te分n)ces
a sentence totoengdivaepmaoraregrdaepthaiolerdto summarizeinafonrdmraetiinofnoracbeotuhtethideetaosp. ic
Q: Is it a paragraph? A: No, it isn’t.
Without a central idea, a group of sentences is just a list, and not an actual paragraph.
Writing a topic sentence
sentence.
Writing a topic sentence
➢ water bottle ➢ sweater ➢ compass ➢ sandwiches ➢ camera
1. I need a water bottle for the hike(徒步旅行) in case I get thirsty.
Writing a topic sentence
• I need many items to be ready for a safe, enjoyable hike. I need a water bottle for the hike in case I get thirsty. A sweater is useful if it gets cold. A compass will help me go in the right direction. Sandwiches will be an easy-tocarry snack. I can use a camera to take pictures of unusual or attractive places.
topic sentence例句 -回复
topic sentence例句-回复问题和提供相应的解答。
以下是一些例子：1. Topic sentence: Online education has become increasingly popular due to its convenience and flexibility.Introduction:In recent years, online education has gained widespread popularity as a preferred mode of learning. This can be attributed to its convenience and flexibility, allowing students to study at their own pace and from the comfort of their own homes. In this article, we will delve into the reasons why online education has become increasingly popular and explore its advantages and disadvantages.Body:1. Increased accessibility:- Online education eliminates geographical barriers and allows students from all over the world to access education from top institutions.- It offers flexibility for students who are unable to attend traditional classes due to work, family commitments, or physical limitations.2. Customized learning options:- Online education platforms provide a range of courses, allowing students to choose subjects that align with their interests or career goals.- The ability to learn at one's own pace ensures a personalized learning experience, catering to individual needs and preferences.3. Cost-effectiveness:- Online education often proves to be more affordable compared to traditional learning methods. Students can save on commuting costs, textbooks, and other expenses associated with in-person classes.- Additionally, online courses often offer payment plans or financial aid options, making education more accessible to a wider range of individuals.4. Enhanced technology and resources:- Online education utilizes various technological tools and resources, providing students with interactive learning experiences, multimedia content, and virtual simulations.- The integration of technology enhances student engagementand fosters a collaborative learning environment.5. Potential drawbacks:- Lack of face-to-face interaction and peer-to-peer learning can be perceived as a downside of online education.- Some courses may require practical hands-on experience, which can be challenging to replicate in an online setting.- Maintaining self-discipline and motivation may be more demanding in online education compared to traditional classroom-based learning.Conclusion:Overall, the increasing popularity of online education can be attributed to its convenience, flexibility, accessibility, andcost-effectiveness. While it offers numerous advantages, it is important to acknowledge and find solutions for the potential drawbacks associated with this mode of learning. As technology continues to advance, online education is likely to further evolve and transform the educational landscape.。
雅思提升大作文topic sentence ppt课件
• Finding the right job is important and can lead to rewarding experiences. • Finding the right job can lead to an improved sense of self-esteem.
• The topic sentence is a general statement that states the main point of a paragraph.
• In English a paragraph is defined as a logical unit, a collection of sentences centering upon one idea. Therefore, there arises a guiding sentence indicating and controlling the development of this single
• Riding a bicycle gives pleasure.
Practice: Identify the topic and controlling idea
• There are several enjoyable ways to travel between the US and Queretaro.
reasons. • • Air pollution in Mexico City is the worst in the world for a number of reasons.
• Fixing a flat tire on a bicycle is easy if you follow these steps.
教你如何写topicsentence
Read the following topic sentences and then identify the topic and the controlling idea in each sentence • People can avoid burglaries by taking certain precautions.
The topic tells the reader what the paragraph is about. (general)
The controlling idea is a key word or phrase that expresses the basic point of a paragraph.(specific)
sentences to give more detailed information about
the topic sentence.
a sentence to end a paragraph or to summarize(总结）the ideas.
The Topic Sentence
• The characteristics of a topic sentence • The positions of a topic sentence
Note: a controlling idea commits the paragraph to a specific aspect of the topic.
e.g.
1) Convenience foods are easy to prepare.
如何写Topic Sentence
如何写Topic Sentence1.有的题目中观点本身就可以作为TS使用，比如discuss类型的题目。
1). 有人认为举办奥运会带来了很多好处，而另一些人则认为它浪费了很多政府资金。
TS1：On the one hand, taxpayers of the host country complain that their money is wasted to hold the less than one month event.TS2: On the other hand, many countries have an enthusiastic interest in holding the Olympic Games because they believe that it brings a number of benefits.2). Some people have benefited from modern communication technology, but some groups of people have not benefited at all. To what extent do you agree or disagree?TS1: Digital forms of communication enable many people, mainly including students, families as well as entrepreneurs, to reap the maximum benefits.TS2: However, I would argue that the benefits ofinformation and communication technology are restricted to certain groups of users.3). Some people think that governments should do more to make their citizens eat a healthy diet. Others, however, believe that individuals must take responsibility for their own diet and health.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.TS1：On the one hand, there are two reasons why the government is responsible for making its citizens have healthy eating habits.TS2：On the other hand, everyone should carefully decide what they eat and drink on a daily basis because it not only has direct impacts on their health conditions but also affects their job prospects.4). The widespread use of the internet has given people more freedom to work or study at home instead of traveling to work or college. Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages？TS1: Advocates of working and schooling at home believe that individuals reap great benefits from it.TS2: However, I am of the opinion that this unconventional way of working and education causes more problems.2.有的题目要根据你自己给出的个人观点，往下降到具体的TS。
高中英语写作topic_sentence
• Riding a bicycle gives pleasure.
• There are several enjoyable ways to travel between the US and Queretaro.
The Topic Sentence = Topic + Controlling Idea
3) The topic sentence should be neither too general nor too specific.
Examples: 1) The importance of reading widely.
The topic tells the reader what the paragraph is about. (general)
The controlling idea is a key word or phrase that expresses the basic point of a paragraph.(specific)
Reading widely is very important in improving one’s reading comprehension. 2) Fire accidents in big cities. Recently years have witnessed a marked growth of fire accidents in big cities in our country. 3) To make all the decisions for children. Parents in China tend to make all the decisions for their children.
写作知识topic sentence
MORE EXPLANATION ABOUT TOPIC SENTENCEWhat is a topic sentence?A topic sentence states the main point of a paragraph: it serves as a mini-thesis for the paragraph. Y ou might think of it as a signpost for your readers—or a headline—something that alerts them to the most important, interpretive points in your essay. When read in sequence, your essay's topic sentences will provide a sketch of the essay's argument. Thus topics sentences help protect your readers from confusion by guiding them through the argument. But topic sentences can also help you to improve your essay by making it easier for you to recognize gaps or weaknesses in your argument.Where do topic sentences go?T opic sentences usually appear at the very beginning of paragraphs. In the following example from Anatomy of Criticism, Northrop Frye establishes the figure of the tragic hero as someone more than human, but less than divine. He backs up his claim with examples of characters from literature, religion and mythology whose tragic stature is a function of their ability to mediate between their fellow human beings and a power that transcends the merely human: The tragic hero is typically on top of the wheel of fortune, half-way between human society on the ground and the something greater in the sky.Prometheus, Adam, and Christ hang between heaven and earth, between a world of paradisal freedom and a world of bondage. Tragic heroes are so much the highest points in their human landscape that they seem the inevitable conductors of the power about them, great trees more likely to be struck by lightning than a clump of grass. Conductors may of course be instruments as well as victims of the divine lightning: Milton's Samson destroys the Philistine temple with himself, and Hamlet nearly exterminates the Danish court in his own fall.The structure of Frye's paragraph is simple yet powerful: the topic sentence makes an abstract point, and the rest of the paragraph elaborates on that point using concrete examples as evidence.Does a topic sentence have to be at the beginning of a paragraph?No, though this is usually the most logical place for it. Sometimes a transitional sentence or two will come before a topic sentence:We found in comedy that the term bomolochos or buffoon buffoon ( [bə'fu:n] 愚蠢的人,傻瓜,逗乐小丑，滑稽的人)need not be restricted to farce闹剧, but could be extended to cover comic characters who are primarily entertainers表演者, with the function of increasing or focusing the comic mood. The corresponding contrasting type is the suppliant, the character, often female, who presents a picture of unmitigated十足的helplessness and destitution贫穷. Such a figure is pathetic, and pathos, though it seems a gentler and more relaxed mood than tragedy, is even more terrifying. Its basis is the exclusion of an individual from the group; hence it attacks the deepest fear in ourselves that we possess--a fear much deeper than the relatively cosy and sociable bogey妖怪ofhell. In the suppliant pity and terror are brought to the highest possible pitch of intensity, and the awful consequences of rejecting the suppliant for all concerned is a central theme of Greek tragedy.The context for this passage is an extended discussion of the characteristics of tragedy. In this paragraph, Frye begins by drawing a parallel between the figure of the buffoon in comedy and that of the suppliant in tragedy. His discussion of the buffoon occurred in a earlier section of the chapter, a section devoted to comedy. The first sentence of the current paragraph is transitional: it prepares the way for the topic sentence. The delayed topic sentence contributes to the coherence of Frye's discussion by drawing an explicit connection between key ideas in the book. In essays, the connection is usually between the last paragraph and the current one.Sometimes writers save a topic sentence for the end of a paragraph. Y ou may, for example, occasionally find that giving away your point at the beginning of a paragraph does not allow you to build your argument toward an effective climax.How do I come up with a topic sentence? And what makes a good one?Ask yourself what's going on in your paragraph. Why have you chosen to include the information you have? Why is the paragraph important in the context of your argument? What point are you trying to make?Relating your topic sentences to your thesis can help strengthen the coherence of your essay. If you include a thesis statement in your introduction, then think of incorporating a keyword from that statement into the topic sentence. But you need not be overly explicit when you echo the thesis statement. Better to be subtle rather than heavy-handed. Do not forget that your topic sentence should do more than just establish a connection between your paragraph and your thesis. Use a topic sentence to show how your paragraph contributes to the development of your argument by moving it that one extra step forward. If your topic sentence merely restates your thesis, then either your paragraph is redundant or your topic sentence needs to be reformulated. If several of your topic sentences restate your thesis, even if they do so in different words, then your essay is probably repetitive.Does every paragraph need one?No, but most do. Sometimes a paragraph helps to develop the same point as in the previous paragraph, and so a new topic sentence would be redundant. And sometimes the evidence in your paragraph makes your point so effectively that your topic sentence can remain implicit. But if you are in doubt, it's best to use one.Important Topic Sentence in a PassageThe topic sentence properly used can achieve unity in the paragraph, which indicates the importance of the topic sentence.But what is the topic sentence? The topic sentence is an EMPHA TICALLY placed, EXPLICIT statement of the central idea in a paragraph. A good topic sentence in a paragraph will help the writer to focus on his subject, prevent him from introducing unrelated material.How does a topic sentence work then? A topic sentence does two things:1) it lays down the subject2) it puts forth the main idea about the subjectsuppose we are asked to write a paragraph on each of the following subjects:1)Subject: MusicFocus: … is interesting and enjoyable.2)subject: Educationfocus: … is very important in the modern world.3)Subject: DramaFocus: I like …Now we have some topic sentences (which may or may not be good topic sentences—that is the question we are going to discuss below). Clearly each of the topic sentences has two parts: a subject and something said about the subject, we can call it the focus.But are they good topic sentences? Surely not! Take the subject “music” for instance.Ask ourselves, “what do we mean by music? What kind of music? Do we mean symphonic music, chamber music, pop music or other sources? How can we cover so many types of music in one paragraph? Or in a short article of 150 to 200 words?”Focus: … is interesting and enjoyable.Ask ourselves again, “ what do we mean by interesting and enjoyable? Look in a dictionary, interesting—exciting curiosity or attention, enjoyable—agreeable. These two words don’t say very much about music. They simply express approval and they are FAR TOO V AGUE for a good topic sentence.We can find that “Music is interesting and enjoyable” makes a bad topic sentence—bad because the subject is too broad; bad because the focus is vague.(Could you provide a satisfying topic sentence for the subject "music"??)The same is true of each of the following examples:Science fiction is always exciting.Water pollution is a big problem.Life began in a strange way.What makes good topic sentences then? A good topic sentence has a limited subject and a sharp focus. That is, neither too general nor too narrow. A topic sentence that is too general leaves little to be said in the rest of the paragraph. Too general requires much more paragraphs to develop it.Here are some simple, factual statements that are too narrow to require any development or support:1)I live in an apartment.2)Last summer I worked as a gas station attendant.3) Many children watch cartoons on Saturday morning.The following, in contrast, are assertive statements that we can write about in a paragraph1) Living in an apartment has its drawbacks/advantages.2) Working as a gas station attendant was the worst job I ever had last summer.3) Some experts feel that violence in cartoons is bad for children.Y ou can provide better topic sentences than that of the above. Why not have a try?Exercises: revise the following topic sentences to narrow the focus by stressing a controlling idea.Eg. Original: Today many young people have developed a culture of their own.Revision: Long hair, colorful clothing, and new musical forms are part of the new culture of many of today’s young people.Eg. The Santana is a fine car.à Super engine performance and beautiful design make the Santana a find automobile.1) Participation in college sports is beneficial.2) Motion pictures should be censored.3) People could make a better use of their leisure time.4) China should take a stronger role in world affairs.5) Studying a foreign language is useful.6) Online education is becoming more important every year.。
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birthday. (X) 2. They moved to a new apartment last month. (X) 3. Today more and more women are going out to work. (X) 4. He encountered an old friend yesterday. (X)
Topic sentence: topic+controlling idea
❖ Before writing any essay or even a paragraph, it is important to think… 1. the topic 2. what you want to say about the topic. Most often, the topic is easy, but the question then turns to what you want to say about the topic which is the controlling idea. Topic sentences should always contain (1) a topic (2) a controlling idea.
attractive places.
Writing a topic sentence
I need a water bottle for the hike in case I get thirsty. A sweater is useful if it gets cold. A compass will help me go in the right direction. Sandwiches will be an easy-tocarry snack. I can use a camera to take pictures of unusual or attractive places.
❖What is the main topic?
Walk on short errands Use stairs instead of elevator Maintain a healthy lifestyle Avoid overeating Eat good foods
Examples:
Kanchana
Writing a topic sentence
❖A carefully thought out topic sentence will serve two important functions.
❖First, it will provide the author the means to stay focused on your objective. It's a lot easier to write if you know what you are going to write about.
Topic sentence should be a complete sentence with a complete meaning.
(主题句必须是意义完整的一个完整句子。)
How to read a novel. (X) Anyone can learn how to read a novel. (√)
✓ There are several advantages to growing up in a small town. Topic: growing up in a small town Controlling idea: several advantages
✓ Most US universities require a 550 point TOEFL score for a number of reasons. Topic: Most US… score Controlling idea: for a number of reasons
Requirements of a Good Topic Sentence
Topic sentence should not be too general and should be clear in meaning.
(主题句内容不能太泛，必须内容清楚。)
Television is very important. (X) Television plays an educational role in daily life. (√)
❖ What is the main topic?
Effective leadership Clear goals Broad vision Communicative ability
❖What is the main topic?
Stop the bicycle safely Repair a flat tire on a bicycle Find a quiet place away from the road Remove the tire Use a patch kit to fix the tube Replace the tire
✓ In order to fully explore the wreck of the Titanic, scientists must address several problems. Topic: to fully explore the wreck of the Titanic Controlling idea: several problems
Topic sentence: topic+controlling idea
✓ Effective leadership requires specific qualities that anyone can develop. Topic: effective leadership Controlling idea: specific qualities
To improve English proficiency, one need to
acquire some skills. (X)
Requirements of a Good Topic Sentence
Topic sentence should not be a specific description. (描写细节的句子不能作主题句。)
1. I'll never forget the events that occurred the first night I met the lady of my dreams, Kanchana, in Bangkok.
Q: Is it a paragraph? A: No, it isn’t.
Without a central idea, a group of sentences is just a list, and not an actual paragraph.
Writing a topic sentence
I need a water bottle for the hike in case I get thirsty. A sweater is useful if it gets cold. A compass will help me go in the right direction. Sandwiches will be an easy-tocarry snack. I can use a camera to take pictures of unusual or attractive places.
Can we make it a paragraph? How can we make it a paragraph?
We can make it a paragraph by giving it a central idea, or a focus. We give it a focus by stating the central idea in one sentence, which is called the topic sentence.
Directions: Each question below contains a general topic and specific items to support that topic. Please choose the general topic in each question.
❖ What is the main topic?
Topic sentence: topic+controlling idea
✓ People can avoid burglaries by taking certain precautions. Topic: avoid burglaries Controlling idea: by taking certain precautions
Requirements of a Good Topic Sentence
Topic sentence should have practical content. (主题句内容必须具体。)ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
To improve reading ability, one needs to acquire
some reading skills. (√)
❖Second, a clearly stated topic sentence will provide readers with the tools they need to clearly understand what you have to say.
Requirements of a Good Topic Sentence