矿物加工技术在提纯净化方面的应用 (英文资料翻译)
矿物加工专业英语复习资料
Unit1 Lesson11 矿物（minerals）Minerals definition：Minerals by definition are natural inorganic substances possessing definite chemical compositions and atomic structures.矿物的定义：具有稳定的化学成分、晶体结构的天然无机化合物。
Mineral types：native and metallic form，oxides，sulphides, carbonates，silicates and chlorides.矿物的种类:主要按化学成分划分:单质矿物、氧化物、硫化物、碳酸盐、硅酸盐、卤化物等。
Isomorphism：substitution of atoms within the crystal structure by similar atoms takes place without affecting the atomic structure.类质同象:矿物晶体中的原子被类似原子取代而不改变矿物晶体结构的现象。
例如：铁橄榄石—镁橄榄石。
Polymorphism: different minerals have the same chemical composition，but markedly different physical properties due to a difference in atomic structure。
同质多象:矿物的化学成分相同,但晶体结构和物理化学性质不同的现象。
例如:金刚石、石墨。
Rocks: Rocks consist of a variety of minerals and form large parts of the earth's crust. Granite，for instance，which is the most abundant igneous rock，is composed of three main mineral constituents, feldspar，quartz, and mica。
矿物加工专业英语复习资料
Unit1 Lesson11 矿物（minerals）Minerals definition: Minerals by definition are natural inorganic substances possessing definite chemical compositions and atomic structures.矿物的定义：具有稳定的化学成分、晶体结构的天然无机化合物。
Mineral types: native and metallic form, oxides, sulphides, carbonates, silicates and chlorides.矿物的种类：主要按化学成分划分：单质矿物、氧化物、硫化物、碳酸盐、硅酸盐、卤化物等。
Isomorphism: substitution of atoms within the crystal structure by similar atoms takes place without affecting the atomic structure.类质同象：矿物晶体中的原子被类似原子取代而不改变矿物晶体结构的现象。
例如：铁橄榄石—镁橄榄石。
Polymorphism: different minerals have the same chemical composition, but markedly different physical properties due to a difference in atomic structure.同质多象：矿物的化学成分相同，但晶体结构和物理化学性质不同的现象。
例如：金刚石、石墨。
Rocks: Rocks consist of a variety of minerals and form large parts of the earth’s crust. Granite, for instance, which is the most abundant igneous rock, is composed of three main mineral constituents, feldspar, quartz, and mica.岩石：由一种或多种矿物组成的天然集合体，例如：花岗岩主要由石英、长石、云母以不同比例组成。
矿物加工专业英语
Aa high degree of mechanical efficiency and reliability 在机械效率和可靠性方面高度发展abrasion due to forces acting parallel to the surfaces 平行力导致磨蚀a more random process 更加随机的过程aluminium：铝a rigidly constrained motion path：刚性约束的运动路径A basic flowsheet 基本流程图abrasion：磨蚀, 剥蚀；磨剥a consistent feed：均匀给矿a mineral processing plant : 选矿厂absorption ：吸附autogenous 自生的a spiral screen 螺旋筛abundance of metals: 金属含量acid rain-waters：酸雨abrasives 磨料 air-avid 亲气的aerophilic 亲气的 aerophobic 亲水的a vibrating scalping screen：振动除杂筛a rapid propagation of the crack 裂隙的迅速伸延a suitable size：合适粒度a sequence of crushing and grinding processes：一系列破碎磨矿作业a dry process：干式作业 a tensile stress 拉应力a critical value for the crack length 裂隙长度临界值a wider setting 参数设定范围更宽a fixed receiving area 固定的给矿口面积a curved, universal bearing 球面轴承a steeper head angel 较大的锥角a variable discharge opening 排矿口变化a combination of impact and abrasion 冲击和磨剥的组合a degree of liberation 解离度a variable feed area 给矿口面积变化an acute angle 锐角an economic optimum mesh of grind 经济上的最佳磨矿细度adjustable splitters 可调分矿板，可调分矿器a lateral displacement 横[侧]向位移B baryte 重晶石Bond’s equation 榜德方程式beyond certain limits determined by their degree of elasticity 超过塑性极限bauxite 铝土矿 bins：矿仓beach sand deposits 海滨沙矿 brittle 脆性的batch processes: 分批处理过程 blending：混矿by their relative movement in response to gravity and one or more other forces,通过重力和其它一种或多种力导致的相对运动[来实现分选]C close sizing 窄粒级concentration criterion 分选难易系数commercially feasible 商业上可行carbon dioxide：二氧化碳carrier：运输机械compression：受压crushing, impact, and attrition 挤压，冲击，磨剥closed circuit crushing 闭路破碎Crus：地壳copper：铜Crusher: 破碎机crystalline materials 晶体材料Crushing：破碎carbonate:碳酸盐chloride：氯化物compound form：化合物形式category 目录cracks or flaws 裂缝或裂纹crusher：破碎机Clays ：粘土矿物cheap labor ：便宜劳动力crystal boundaries 晶界compressive, tensile, and shear 压断，拉断，剪断corrugated crushing surfaces 波形压碎表面chipping due to oblique forces 倾斜力导致剥片Centre peripheral discharge mills 中心-周边排矿磨机circumferential ports 环绕排矿口cheap and ecologically acceptable gravity systems 经济、环保的重选系统[工艺、流程]chrome-bearing 含铬的D detrimental 不利的，有害的Degradation 降级, 免职 [2]堕落; 低落 [3]恶化, 退步double toggle and single toggle 双肘板和单肘板dewatering 脱水Dumps 垃圾堆Double-toggle Blake crushers 双肘板布雷克破碎机dielectric 介电质decompose ：分解depressants ：抑制剂Disseminate：嵌布dry grinding：干磨Discarded 抛弃，丢掉 distillation 蒸馏Dolomite 白云石CaMg(CO3)2Drum separator 鼓式分选机。
矿物加工与提炼技术的创新与应用
矿物加工与提炼技术的创新与应用随着科技的不断发展，矿物加工与提炼技术也在不断创新与应用。
这些创新为矿产资源的开发和利用提供了更多的可能性，并在环境保护、资源利用效率等方面带来了显著的改善。
本文将从矿物加工技术和矿物提炼技术两个方面，探讨其创新与应用的现状和未来发展趋势。
矿物加工技术的创新与应用矿物加工技术是指将原生矿石经过物理、化学或冶金处理，使其达到一定的品位和纯度，从而得到所需金属的工艺过程。
近年来，随着科技的进步和需求的增长，矿物加工技术也在不断创新与应用。
首先，传统的矿物加工方法有许多环境和安全隐患。
例如，采用浮选法提取金属，需要使用大量的化学药剂和大量水资源，而且产生的废水和废渣对环境造成了很大的污染。
为了解决这些问题，矿物加工技术开始向绿色环保方向发展。
现代矿石加工技术，如低温浸出技术、生物浸出技术和电协同浸出技术等的出现，大大减少了对环境的污染并提高了资源利用率。
其次，利用物理化学性质对矿石进行分选是矿物加工的重要环节。
传统的分选技术主要依赖人工的视觉和经验，这种方式存在效率低下和误判率高的问题。
为了提高分选效率和准确度，自动化和智能化技术在矿石分选中得到了广泛应用。
例如，近红外光谱技术、X射线透射技术和激光成像技术等可以快速、准确地对矿石进行分选和鉴别，提高了矿石加工的效率和质量。
再次，数据分析和大数据技术的应用也在矿物加工技术中发挥了重要作用。
通过对采集到的矿石信息和加工数据进行分析，可以优化工艺流程，提高加工效率。
此外，通过与数据库和云计算等技术的结合，可以实现对矿石加工全过程的实时监测和管理，从而更好地控制生产过程，降低生产成本。
矿物提炼技术的创新与应用矿物提炼技术是指将经过加工处理的矿石中的有用金属，通过化学和冶金方法，分离和纯化出来的过程。
近年来，随着对高纯度金属需求的增加，矿物提炼技术也在不断创新与应用。
首先，传统的冶金提炼方法往往需要经过多个步骤才能得到高纯度金属，耗时且成本较高。
矿物加工专业英语
短语1.天然无机化合物 natural inorganic substance2.化学组成 chemical composition3.原子组成 atomic structure4.有色金属矿物 nonferrous ore5.有用矿物 valuable mineral6.脉石矿物 gangue mineral7.给矿品位 the feed grad8.非金属矿物 non-metallic ore9.沉积岩 sedimentary rock10.二氧化碳 carbon dioxide11.发电 generation of electricity12.露天采矿 open pit mining13.低灰分烟煤 low-sulfur bituminous coal14.挥发份 volatile constituents15.煤气化 coal gasification16.直接液化 a direct liquefaction process17.煤质分析 coal assay18.煤的化学组成chemical properties of coal19.相对密度 relative density20.粒度分布 particle size distribution21.自磨 autonomous grinding22.燃烧实验 special combustion tests23.灰分含量 ash content24.高品级煤种 high-rank coal25.矿石粒度 the size of the ore26.有用矿物粒度 the grains of valuable minerals27.细粒嵌布finely disseminated in the ore28.低品位矿石 low grade ores29.解离度 degree of liberation30.光化学性质 optical properties31.磁性 magnetic properties32.导电性 electrical conductivity properties33.连生颗粒 the particles of locked mineral34.最佳磨矿细度 an optimum mesh of grind35.破碎应力 breaking stresses36.颗粒边界 grain boundaries37.再磨 be regrinding0f38.磨矿成本 grinding costs39.粗粒脉石 the coarse gangue40.单体颗粒 single free particles选择1.gold and piatinum (native or metallic form)2.most of minerale (their composition)3.tow minerals that(quite different physical properties)4.granite is composed(different)汉译英1.矿石中有有用矿物与脉石矿物紧密共生 The useful minerals in the ore are intimately associated with the gangue minerals2.破碎一般为干式作业，采用分段方法完成 Crushing is usually a dry proless and is performed in seuerd stages3.在矿物晶体的晶格内，原子间键只在很短的距离内有效 In the crystalline latlice of minerals these inter-atomic bonds are effectine only over small distances4.新生成的表面通常具有更高的化学活性 Newly formed surfaces are often more chemically active5.在水存在的情况下，粉碎所需的能量减小The energy required for comminution is reduced in the presence of water6.粉碎学说研究输入能量与某一特定给料粒度下形成的产品粒度的关系Comminution theory is concerned with the relationship between energy input and the product particle size made from a given feed size7.在球磨机内，所输入的大部分能量用于产生热量 In a ball mill,the bulk of the energy being utilized in the production of heat8.物料的单位体积表面积与颗粒的直径成反比The surface area of unit volume of material is inversely proportional to the diameter9.也许测定矿石可磨度最广泛使用的参数是邦德功指数Probably the most widely used parameter to measure ore grindability is the Bond work index Wi10.批次实验取得的数据与标准可磨度实验数据具有很好的可比性，并且具有这样的优势，即测定功指数所需要的时间大大减少The batch-type tests compared very favourably with the standard grindability test date,the advantage being that less time is required to determine in the work index11.颚式破碎机是根据动鄂在枢轴上的悬挂方法分类的12.大块原矿截面可以大到1.5m13.由于给料不足和设备的机械问题，通常粗碎机设计的工作时间只有可利用时间的75%14.双肘板颚式破碎机的动鄂摆动运动受到连杆垂直运动的影响15.在破碎速度大于900t/h的矿山，总是选用旋回破碎机英译汉1.the abundance of metals in the ocean is related to some extent to thecrustal abundancies, 海洋中蕴含丰富的金属，在某种程度上与地壳的风度有关，因为这些金属来自于地壳的风化2.it is apparent that 显然，如果含有重要金属的矿物是均匀的分布于地球，那么他们将如此稀疏的分散开来，以至于经济的开采是不可能的3.a particular mineral may 一种特殊的矿物被发现主要与花岗岩共生在一起或者与岩浆岩或者沉积岩共生在一起，也就是，由于早期的岩石在水，冰与化学衰变的作用下产生力学和化学的风化作用而形成的矿床生成的矿物4.A direct liquefaction process 一种直接的碳的液化过程，即伯吉尤斯过程（通过氢化作用达到液化），也仅仅是在一战和二战期间在德国内使用5.Among commercially mature technologies 据威廉母斯和****在2003年报告在商业化成熟的技术中，间接的碳的液化过程由于直接的碳的液化过程6.All of these liquid fuel 在碳的转化过程中，所有液化燃料的产生方式中所释放的CO2远远大于从石油中提取和提炼液态燃料中所释放的CO2.7.Estimates are reported for sites in china 有报道估计在中国的某些地方碳的液化收支平衡的价格是每桶油卖到25到35美元bustion of coal 煤的燃烧像其他的任何化石燃料一样，产生CO2和氮氧化物，并伴随变化的SO2量，并且SO2的含量取决于煤的产地9.Sulfur dioxide reacts with oxygen SO2和O2反应生成SO3，SO3与水反应生成硫酸，硫酸又以酸雨的形式返回内地10.Jet is a geological material 煤精是一种地质材料，并不被认为是一种真正的矿物，但可以被认为是一种准矿物，在极端的压力作用下从腐朽的木材中得到，因此是一种有机的准矿物11.Ash fusion temperatures 熔融的煤灰温度是通过高温熔炉的观察窗观察煤灰的一个模制试样来测定的12.If the ore contains worthwhile 如果矿石中含有大量的多于**的矿物，那么通常情况下对矿物的分选是矿物加工的目的13.Similarly if undesirable minerals 类似情况下，如果矿石中有可能不需要的矿物存在，就是可能接下来干涉分选过程的存在，去除他们是必要的14.Apart from economics 除了从经济方面考虑以外，能量消耗也是极为重要的问题，因为世界上有丰富的矿物储备，能够满足本世纪接下来最普通的金属需要，但是没有足够的能量来生产这些金属15.However in the majority of cases 然而在大量的事例中，消耗在熔炼和低品味矿石中的能量是如此的大16.Mineral processing reduces the bulk17.One of the major objects of comminution 破碎的目标之一就是从共生的脉石矿物中在最初的可能粒度级解离或释放出有价值的矿物18.Up till recently it has been直到现在，对矿物学家而言，对这个问题给出定量答案也是不可能的一种特定的矿石被研磨到何等细的粒度生产出一种有价值矿物的解离度19.During the grinding of 在对低品位矿石的研磨过程中，脉石矿物的脉体通常在一种相对较粗的尺寸被解离出来20.It is often used on minerals这种方法被使用在容易从自由脉石中解离出来的矿物上，尽管矿物本身在某种程度上与脉石共生在一起、21.The grade(metal content)of ore 采出或加工的矿石的品味（金属含量）依靠多种因素，一般情况下低品位矿石比高品位矿石处理量要大22.The texture refers to结构指的是有用矿物在矿石中的聚合粒径和分布状态23.The nature of the minerals 矿物的性质很重要，因为有价值的矿物和脉石矿物之间在一些物理性质上的显著差异对于矿物加工是十分必要的24.Deep mining is expensive compared 深采与露天开采和冲击作业相比代价是昂贵的，仅对于高品位的矿石才是有利的25.The world is now becoming世界逐渐意识到资源的有限性与大矿新矿日益增加的开发成本***26.This is achieved by comminution在分选之前解离靠粉碎来完成，矿石颗粒粒度逐渐减小，直到矿物的颗粒用现有的方法能解离出来27.Crushing reduces the particle在破碎原矿石的颗粒减小到一定的水平，以至于研磨能够顺利的实施直到矿物和脉石作为独立的颗粒在大体上被分离出来28.Duo to this increase 由于表面能的增加，新形成的表面通常具有更高的化学活性更易于受化学药剂的作用等，同时更容易氧化29.When an irregular particle is当一个不规则的颗粒被挤压或者破碎断裂时，产品变成两个不同的粒度范围——粗颗粒由拉力导致断裂，细颗粒来自载粒附近压力导致的断裂或者在突起不分的剪切力导致的断裂30.Values of operating work 设备从特定的单元获得的功指数的值能够用来评估操作变量的效果，如磨机的速度，研磨媒介的尺寸以及衬里的类型。
矿物加工专业英语
13) rutile — n. a mineral with chemical formula TiO2 〖金红石〗 14) monasite — n. a mineral with chemical formula (Ce,La)PO4, consists of Rare Earth(RE)〖独居石〗
矿物加工专业英语
Teaching Plan on Specialized English Course for Mineral Processing Technology
Part 1 Magnetic and High-tension Separation Part 2 Types of Magnetic Separator Part 3 High-intensity Separators Part 4 High-intensity Separators Types Part 5 Magnetic Intensities Required to Extract Minerals Part 6 Super-conducting Separators Part 7 High-intension Separation Part 8 Typical Behavior of Minerals in High-tension Separators Part 9 Operating Principle of High-tension Separator Part 10 Froth Flotation
18) ferromagnetic substance — n. some substances which have susceptibility to magnetic forces and retain some magnetism when removed from the field 〖铁磁性物质，铁磁质〗
双语翻译(最新)概要
《矿物加工技术》重点集萃编写人员名单：潘伟源、梅志、窦一博、牛文哲、冯泽平、李达、刘佳鹏、周伟光Part I wordsChapter1 Introductionalluvial mining---冲积矿床开采aluminium—铝an optimum grind size—最佳磨矿粒度barytes—重晶石comminution—粉碎degree of liberation—解离度diamond ores—金刚石矿石Electrical conductivity properties—导电性fluorite—萤石fundamental operations—基本选别流程release/liberation—解离Galena—lead --- sulphide—方铅矿sphalerite-zinc ---sulphide—闪锌矿cassiterite-tin oxide—锡石grinding—磨矿Laboratory and pilot scale test-work—试验室和半工业实验Line flowsheet—线流程locking of mineral and gangue—连生体Middlings—中矿mill(concentrator)--- 选矿厂milling costs—磨矿消耗Minerals definition(p.1)metallic ore processing –金属矿石加工gangue—脉石Mineral—矿物ore—矿石crust of the earth—地壳sea-bed—河床non-metallic ores—非金属矿石bauxite—氧化铝optical properties—光学性质Ore bodies—矿体part per million(ppm) Primary grind—粗磨product handling—产品处理pyrite –黄铁矿Recovery—回收率Refractory bricks—耐火砖abrasives—磨料Separation—分离Smelter—熔炼sorting—拣选subsequent concentration process—后续选别流程Tailings retreatment—尾矿再处理as-mined(run of mine)—原矿mineral processing(ore dressing/mineral dressing/milling（磨选）)—矿物加工portion/concentrate—精矿discard/tailing—尾矿the flowsheet—工艺流程The minimum metal content(grade)—最低金属含量The valuable mineral—有用矿物complex ores—复合矿The waste minerals—脉石enrichment process—富集工艺metal losses—金属损失the enrichment ratio—富集比efficiency of mineral processing operations—矿物加工作业效率The ratio of concentration –选别比the grade/assay—品位ultra-fine particles—超细颗粒unit concentration processes—单元选别流程Chapter2 Ore handingopen-pit ore(露天开采的矿石p30，左下)run-of-mine ore(原矿)Typical washing plant flowsheet(洗矿车间典型流程figure 2.2) tipper (卸料器p33 右上)Shuttle belt (梭式胶带p33 右中)Gravity bucket elevator （斗式重力提升机p33 右下）Ore storage(矿物储存p35 右上)包括:stockpile （矿场）bin（矿仓）tank (贮槽)Front-end loader (前段式装载机p35 右上)Bucket-wheel reclaimer（斗轮式装载机p35 右上）Reclaim tunnel system（隧道装运系统p35 右上）The amount of reclaimable material/the live storage(有效贮量p35 右中figure 2.7) Conditioning tank (调和槽p36 左上)Chain-feeder (罗斯链式给矿机figure 2.9)Cross-section of elliptical bar feeder （椭圆形棒条给矿机figure 2.10）Vibrating grizzly feeder (振动格筛给矿机p37 左上)Apron feeder (板式给矿机figure 2.11)Belt feeder (胶带给矿机p37 右下)Chapter 4 particle size analysisacicular(针状);adverse(相反的);algorithm(算法);angular(多角状);aperture(孔径);apex (顶点);apparatus(仪器);arithmetic(运算器，算术); assaying(化验);attenuation(衰减);beaker decantation(烧杯倾析); blinding(阻塞);calibration(校正);charge(负荷);congest(充满);consecutive(连续的);contract(压缩);convection current(对流); conversion factor(转化因子); crystalline(晶体状);cyclosizer(旋流分析仪);de-aerated(脱气);derive:(得出);dilute(稀释);dimensionless quantity(无量纲量); dispersing agent(分散剂);distort(变形);duplicate(重复);electrical impedence(电阻); electroetching(电蚀刻); electroform(电铸);elutriation(淘析);epidote(绿帘石);equilateral triangle(等边三角形); flaky(薄片状);flask(烧瓶);fractionated sample(分级产品); gauze(筛网);geometric(几何学的);granular(粒状的);graticule(坐标网);gray scale(灰度);ground glass(毛玻璃);hand sieve(手动筛);histogram(直方图);immersion(浸没);inter-conversion(相互转变);interpolate(插值);intervals(区间);laminar flow(粘性流体);laser diffraction(激光衍射);light scattering method(光散射法);line of slope(斜率);logarithmic(对数的);machine sieve(机械筛);mechanical constraint(机械阻力);mesh(目);modular(系数的，制成有标准组件的);near size(临界筛孔尺寸);nominal aperture();nylon(尼龙);opening(开口);ordinate(纵坐标);perforated(多孔的);pipette(吸管);plotting cumulative undersize(累积筛下曲线); median size(中间粒度);polyhedron(多面体); reflection(反射); procure(获得);projected area diameter(投影面直径);ratio of the aperture width(筛比);refractive index(折射率);regression(回归) ;reproducible(可再生的);sedimentation balance(沉降天平); sedimentation(沉降) ;segment(片);sensor section(传感器);sieve shaker(振动筛，振筛器); spreadsheet(电子表格); simultaneously(同时地);size distribution(粒度分布); spectrometer(摄谱仪);stokes diameter(斯托克斯直径); subdivide(细分);sub-sieve(微粒);suction(吸入); syphon tube(虹吸管); tabulate(列表); tangential entry(切向入口); terminal velocity(沉降末速); truncate(截断);twill(斜纹图);two way cock(双通塞); ultra sonic(超声波); underside(下侧);vertex(顶点);vortex outlet (涡流出口); wetting agent(润湿剂);Chapter 5 comminutionattrition----- 研磨batch-type grindability test—小型开路可磨性实验bond’s third theory—邦德第三理论work index----功指数breakage—破碎converyor--- 运输机crack propagation—裂隙扩展crushing and grinding processes—破碎磨矿过程crushing----压扎crystalline material—晶状构体physical and chemical bond –物理化学键diameter—直径elastic—弹性fine-grained rocks—细粒岩石coarse-grained rocks—粗粒岩石chemical additives—化学添加剂fracture----碎裂free surface energy—自由表面能potential energy of atoms—原子势能graphical methods---图解法grindability test—可磨性实验crushing and grinding efficiency 破碎磨矿效率grinding media—磨矿介质gyratory crusher---旋回破碎机tumbling mill --- 筒形磨矿机impact crusher—冲击式破碎机high pressure griding roll--高压辊磨impact breaking-冲击破碎impact—冲击jaw—颚式破碎机material index-材料指数grindability—可磨性mill----选矿厂non-linear regression methods--- 非线性回归法ore carry--- 矿车Parameter estimation techniques—参数估计技术reduction ratio—破碎比roll crusher—辊式破碎机operating work indices—操作功指数Scraper—电铲slurry feed—矿浆SPI(SAG Power Index)—SAG 功指数simulation of comminution processes and circuits—粉碎工艺流程模拟stirred mill—搅拌磨stram energy---应变能the breakage characteristics—碎裂特性the crystalline lattice—晶格the reference ore---参比矿石product size distribution-- 产品粒度分布theory of comminution—粉碎理论brittle—脆性的tough material--- 韧性材料platstic flow—塑性流动Tracer methods—示踪法vibration mill-- 振动磨矿机Chapter 6CrushersAG/SAG mills(autogenousgrinding/semiautogenous grinding) 自磨、半自磨Alternating working stresses交替工作应力Amplitude of swing 摆幅Arrested or free crushing 夹压碎矿、自由碎矿Bell-shaped 钟形Belt scales 皮带秤Binding agents 粘结剂Bitumen 沥青Blending and rehandling 混合再处理Breaker plate 反击板Capital costs 基建费用Capstan and chain 铰杆铰链Cast iron or steel 铸铁铸钢Chalk 白垩Cheek plates 夹板Choke fed 阻塞给矿（挤满给矿）Choked crushing 阻塞碎矿Chromium carbide 碳铬合金Clay 粘土Concave 凹的Convex 凸的Corrugated 波纹状的Cross-sectional area 截面积Cross-section剖面图Crusher gape 排矿口Crusher throat 破碎腔Crushing chamber 破碎腔Crushing rolls 辊式碎矿机Crushing 破碎Discharge aperture 排矿口Double toggle 双肘板Drilling and blasting 打钻和爆破Drive shaft 驱动轴Eccentric sleeve 偏心轴套Eccentric 偏心轮Elliptical 椭圆的Epoxy resin 环氧树脂垫片Filler material 填料Fixed hammer impact mill 固定锤冲击破碎机Flakes 薄片Flaky 薄而易剥落的Floating roll 可动辊Flywheel 飞轮Fragmentation chamber 破碎腔Grizzlies 格条筛Gypsum 石膏Gyratory crushers 旋回破碎机Hammer mills 锤碎机Hydraulic jacking 液压顶Idle 闲置Impact crushers 冲击式破碎机Interparticle comminution 粒间粉碎Jaw crushers 颚式破碎机Limestone 石灰岩Lump 成块Maintenance costs 维修费Manganese steel mantle 锰钢罩Manganese steel 锰钢Mechanical delays 机械检修Metalliferous ores 有色金属矿Nip 挤压Nodular cast iron 球墨铸铁Nut 螺母Pack 填充Pebble mills 砾磨Pillow 垫板Pitman 连杆Pivot 轴Plates 颚板Primary crushing 初碎Receiving areas 受矿面积Reduction ratio 破碎比Residual stresses 残余应力Ribbon 流量Rivets 铆钉Rod mills 棒磨Roll crushers 辊式碎矿机Rotary coal breakers 滚筒碎煤机Rotating head 旋回锥体Scalp 扫除Secondary crushing 中碎Sectionalized concaves分段锥面Set 排矿口Shales 页岩Silica 二氧化硅Single toggle 单肘板Skips or lorries 箕斗和矿车Spider 壁架Spindle 竖轴Springs 弹簧Staves 环板Steel forgings 锻件Stroke 冲程Stroke 冲程Surge bin 缓冲箱Suspended bearing 悬吊轴承Swell 膨胀Swinging jaw 动颚Taconite ores 铁燧岩矿石Tertiary crushing 细碎The (kinetic) coefficient of friction （动）摩擦系数The angle of nip啮角The angle of repose 安息角The cone crusher 圆锥破碎机The cone lining 圆锥衬里The gyradisc crusher 盘式旋回碎矿机Thread 螺距Throughput 处理量Throw 冲程Tripout 停机Trommel screen 滚筒筛Valve 阀Vibrating screens 振动筛Wear 磨损Wedge-shaped 锥形Chapter 7 grinding millsAbrasion 磨蚀AlignmentAmalgamation 融合/汞剂化Asbestos 石棉Aspect ratio 纵横比/高宽比Attrition 磨蚀Autogenous mill 自磨机Ball mill 棒磨Barite 重晶石Bearing 轴承Bellow 吼叫Belly 腹部Best-fit 最优化Bolt 螺栓Brittle 易碎的Build-up 增强Butt-weld 焊接Capacitance 电容量Cascade 泻落Cataract 抛落Central shaft 中心轴Centrifugal force 离心力Centrifugal mill 离心磨Chipping 碎屑Churning 搅拌器Circulating load 循环负荷Circumferential 圆周Clinker 渣块Cobbing 人工敲碎Coiled spring 盘簧Comminution 粉碎Compression 压缩Contraction 收缩Corrosion 腐蚀Corrugated 起褶皱的Crack 裂缝Critical speed 临界速度Crystal lattice 晶格Cushion 垫子Cyanide 氰化物Diagnose 诊断Dilute 稀释Discharge 放电Drill coreElastic 有弹性的Electronic belt weigher 电子皮带秤Elongation 延长率Emery 金刚砂Energy-intensive 能量密度Entangle 缠绕Expert system 专家系统Explosives 易爆炸的Flange 破碎Fracture 折断、破碎Front-end loader 前段装备Gear 齿轮传动装置Girth 周长Granulate 颗粒状的Grate discharge 磨碎排矿GreenfieldGrindability 可磨性Grinding media 磨矿介质Groove 沟槽Helical 螺旋状的High carbon steel 高碳钢High pressure grinding roll 高压滚磨Hopper 加料斗Housing 外壳Impact 冲击Impeller 叶轮IntegralInternal stress 内部压力Kinetic energy 运动能Least-square 最小平方Limestone 石灰岩Liner 衬板Lock 锁Lubricant 润滑剂Magnetic metal liner 磁性衬板Malleable 有延展性的Manhole 检修孔Material index 材料指数Matrix 矿脉Muffle 覆盖Multivariable control 多元控制Newtonian 牛顿学的Nodular cast iron 小块铸铁Non-Newtonian 非牛顿的Normally 通常Nuclear density gauge 核密度计Nullify废弃Oblique间接地，斜的Operating 操作Orifice 孔Output shaft 产量轴Overgrinding 过磨Parabolic 像抛物线似地Pebble 砾石Pebble mill 砾磨PendulumPilot scale 规模试验Pinion 小齿轮Pitting 使留下疤痕Plane 水平面PloughPotential energy 潜力Pressure transducer 压力传感器Prime moverPrismatic 棱柱形的Probability 可能性/概率Propagation 增值Pulp density 矿浆密度Pulverize 粉碎Quartzite 石英岩Radiused 半径Rake 耙子Reducer还原剂Reduction ratio 缩小比Retention screenRetrofit 改进Rheological 流变学的Rib骨架Rod 棒Roller-bearing 滚动轴承Rotor 旋转器Rubber liner 橡胶衬板Rupture 裂开ScatsScoop铲起Scraper 刮取器Screw flight 螺旋飞行Seasoned 干燥的SegregationSet-point 选点Shaft 轴Shear 剪Shell 外壳Simulation 模拟SlasticitySpalling 击碎Spigot 龙头Spill 溢出/跌落Spin 使什么旋转Spiral classifier 螺旋分级机Spout 喷出Stationary 静止的Stator 固定片Steady-state 不变的Steel plate 钢盘Steel-capped 钢帽Stirred mill搅拌磨Stress concentration 应力集中Sump 水池Taconite 铁燧岩Tensile stress 拉伸力Thicken 浓缩Throughput 生产量Thyristor 半导体闸流管Time lag 时间间隔Tower mill塔磨Trajectory 轨迹Trial and error 反复试验Trunnion 耳轴Tube millTumbling mill 滚磨Undergrinding 欠磨Underrun 低于估计产量Unlock 开启Vibratory mill 振动磨Viscometer 黏度计Viscosity 黏性Warp 弯曲Wearing linerWedged 楔形物Work index 功指数Chapter 8 Industrial screeningBauxite 铝土矿Classification 分级Diagonal 斜的Dry screening 干筛Efficiency or partition curve 效率曲线、分离曲线Electrical solenoids 电磁场Elongated and slabby particles 细长、成板层状颗粒Granular 粒状Grizzly screens 格筛Hexagons 六边形Hydraulic classifiers 水力旋流器Linear screen 线性筛Mesh 网眼Mica 云母Near-mesh particles 近筛孔尺寸颗粒Octagons 八边形Open area 有效筛分面积Oscillating 振荡的Perpendicular 垂直的Polyurethane 聚氨酯Probabilistic 概率性的Resonance screens 共振筛Rhomboids 菱形Rinse 漂洗Rubber 橡胶Screen angle 颗粒逼近筛孔的角度Shallow 浅的Static screens 固定筛Tangential 切线的The cut point（The separation size）分离尺寸Trommels 滚筒筛Vibrating screens 振动筛Water sprays 喷射流Chapter9 classificationadded increment（增益）aggregate（聚集）alluvial（沉积）apex(顶点)deleterious(有害)approximation（概算，近似值）apron（挡板）buoyant force（浮力）correspond（符合,相符）critical dilution（临界稀释度）cut point（分离点）descent（降落）dilute（稀释的）drag force（拖拽力）duplex（双）effective density（有效比重）emergent（分离出的）equilibrium（平衡）exponent（指数）feed-pressure gauge（给矿压力表）free-settling ratio（自由沉降比）full teeter（完全摇摆流态化）geometry（几何尺寸）helical screw（螺旋沿斜槽）hindered settling（干涉沉降）hollow cone spray（中空锥体喷流）Hydraulic classifier（水力分级机）imperfection（不完整度）incorporated（合并的）infinite（任意的）involute（渐开线式）Mechanical classifier（机械分级机）minimize（最小限度的）multi-spigot hydro-sizer（多室水力分级机）pressure-sensitive valve（压敏阀）Newton’s law（牛顿定律）orifice（孔）overflow（溢流）parallel（平行的，并联的）performance or partition curve（应用特性曲线）predominate（主导）pulp density（矿浆比重）quadruple（四倍）quicksand（流砂体）Reynolds number（雷诺数）scouring（擦洗）Settling cones（圆锥分级机）shear force(剪切力)simplex（单）simulation（模拟）slurry（矿浆）sorting column（分级柱）spherical（球形的）spigot（沉砂）Spiral classifiers（螺旋分级机）Stokes’ law（斯托克斯定律）surging（起伏波动）suspension（悬浮液）tangential（切线式）Teeter chamber（干涉沉降室）teeter（摇摆）terminal velocity(末速)The rake classifier(耙式分级机)turbulent resistance（紊流阻力）underflow （底流）vertical axis（垂直轴）vessel（分级柱）viscosity（粘度）viscous resistance(粘滞阻力)vortex finder（螺旋溢流管）well-dispersed（分散良好的）Chapter 10gravity concentrationactive fluidised bed(流化床); amplitude(振幅); annular(环状的); asbestos(石棉);asymmetrical (非对称的);baddeleyite (斜锆石);barytes (重晶石);cassiterite (锡石);chromite(铬铁矿);circular (循环的);circumference (圆周);closed-circuit (闭路);coefficient of friction (摩擦系数); compartment (隔箱);concentration criterion (分选判据); conduit(管);contaminated(污染);counteract (抵消);degradation (降解);density medium separation (重介质分选); detrimental(有害的);diaphragm (隔膜);dilate (使膨胀);displacement (置换);divert (转移);dredge (挖掘船);eccentric drive(偏心轮驱动); encapsulate (密封);equal settling rate(等沉降比);evenly(均匀的);excavation (采掘);exhaust (废气);feed size range (给矿粒度范围); fiberglass (玻璃纤维);flash floatation (闪浮);flattened(变平);float (浮子);flowing film (流膜);fluid resistance (流体阻力);gate mechanism (开启机制);halt(停止);hand jig (手动跳汰机);harmonic waveform (简谐波);helical(螺旋状的);hindered settling (干涉沉降);hutch(底箱)；immobile (稳定);interlock (连结);interstice (间隙);jerk(急拉);kyanite (蓝晶石);lateral (侧向的，横向的);linoleum (漆布);mica(云母);momentum (动量) ; mount(安装);multiple (多重的)；multi-spigot hydrosizer (多室水力分级机); natural gravity flower (自流); neutralization (中和作用);nucleonic density gauge (核密度计); obscure (黑暗的，含糊不清的); obsolete (报废的);onsolidation trickling (固结滴沉);open-circuit (开路);pebble stone/gravels(砾石);periphery(周边的);pinched (尖缩的) ;platelet(片晶);platinum(铂金);plunger (活塞);pneumatic table(风力摇床); pneumatically (靠压缩空气);porus(孔);preset(预设置);pressure sensing(压力传感的); pressurize (加压);pulsating (脉动的);pulsion/suction stroke (推/吸冲程); quotient (商);radial(径向的);ragging (重物料残铺层);rate of withdraw (引出速率);raw feed (新进料);reciprocate(往复);refuse (垃圾);render (使得);residual (残留的);retard(延迟);riffle (床条);rinse(冲洗);rod mill (棒磨);rotary water vale (旋转水阀);rubber(橡胶);saw tooth (锯齿形的);scraper(刮板);sectors(扇形区);semiempirical(半经验的);settling cone (沉降椎);shaft (轴);side-wall (侧壁);sinterfeed (烧结料);sinusoidal (正弦曲线);slime table(矿泥摇床);sluice (溜槽);specular hematite (镜铁矿);spinning (自转；离心分离); splitters (分离机); starolite (星石英); staurolite (十字石); stratification (分层); stratum (地层); submerge (浸没);sump (池); superimposed (附加的); surge capacity (缓冲容量); synchronization (同步的); throughput(生产能力); tilting frames (翻筛); timing belt (同步带); trapezoidal shaped (梯形的); tray (浅盘) ;trough(槽);tungsten (钨);uneven (不均匀的); uniformity(均匀性);uranolite (陨石);validate(有效);vicinity (附近);water (筛下水);wolframite (黑钨矿，钨锰铁矿);Chapter 11 dense medium separation(DMS) barite（重晶石）Bromoform（溴仿）bucket（桶）carbon tetrachloride（四氯化碳）centrifugal（离心的）chute（陡槽）Clerici solution（克莱利西溶液）corrosion（腐蚀）dependent criterion（因变判据）discard（尾渣）disseminate（分散，浸染）DMS（重介质分选）dominant（主导）Drewboy bath（德鲁博洗煤机）drum separator（双室圆筒选矿机）Drum separator（圆筒选矿机）Dyna Whirlpool（）effective density of separation（有效分选比重）envisage（设想）feasibility（可行性）ferrosilicon（硅铁）flexible sink hose（沉砂软管）fluctuation（波动）fluorite（萤石）furnace（炉）grease-tabling（涂脂摇床）hemisphere（半球）incombustible（不可燃烧的）incremental（递增的）initially（最早地）installation（设备）LARCODEMS（large coal dense medium separator）lead-zinc ore（铅锌矿）longitudinal（纵向）magneto-hydrostatic（磁流体静力）mathematical model（数学模型）metalliferous ore（金属矿）nitrite（亚硝酸盐）Norwalt washer（诺沃特洗煤机）olfram（钨）operating yield（生产回收率）optimum（最佳）organic efficiency（有机效率）paddle（搅拌叶轮）Partition coefficient or partition number（分配率）Partition or Tromp curve（分配或特劳伯曲线）porous(多孔的)probable error of separation；Ecart probable （EP）（分选可能误差）raw coal（原煤）recoverable（可回收的）residue（残渣）revolving lifter（旋转提升器）two-compartmentrigidity（稳定性）sand-stone（砂岩）shale(页岩)siliceous（硅质的）sink-discharge（排卸沉砂）sodium（钠）sulphur reduction（降硫）tabulate（制表）tangential（切线）tedious (乏味)Teska Bash（）Tetrabromoethane（TBE，四溴乙烷）theoretical yield（理论回收率）toxic fume（有毒烟雾）tracer（示踪剂）typical washability curves（典型可选性曲线）Vorsyl separator（沃尔西尔选矿机）weir（堰板）well-ventilated（通风良好的）Wemco cone separator（维姆科圆锥选矿机）yield stress（屈服应力）yield（回收率）Chapter 12 Froth flotationActivator（活化剂）adherence （附着，坚持）adhesion（附着）adhesion（粘附）adjoining（毗邻，邻接的）adsorption(吸附)aeration（充气）aeration（充气量）aerophilic（亲气疏水的）aerophilic（亲气性）Aggregation（聚集体）agitation（搅动）agitator（搅拌机）allegedly（据称）Amine（胺）baffle（析流板）Bank（浮选机组）barite（重晶石）Barren（贫瘠的）batch(开路)Borne（承担）Bubble（泡沫）bubble（气泡）bubble-particle（泡沫颗粒）bulk flotation （混合浮选）capillary tube（毛细管）cassiterite （锡石）cerussite(白铅矿)chalcopyrite（黄铜矿）circulating load（循环负荷）cleaner（精选）clearance（间隙）Collector(捕收剂)collide（碰撞，抵触）compensate（补偿，抵偿）component（组成）concave（凹）concentrate trade（精矿品位）Conditioning period（调整期）conditioning tank（调和槽）cone crusher（圆锥破碎机）configuration(表面配置，格局) Conjunction(关联，合流)contact angle measurement（接触角测量）contact angle（接触角）copper sulphate（硫酸铜）copper-molybdenum（铜钼矿）core(核心)correspondingly（相关的）cylindrical（圆柱）Davcra cell(page305)decantation（倾析）depressant（抑制剂）deteriorating（恶化）Dilute（稀释）Direct flotation（正浮选）disengage（脱离，解开）dissemination（传播）dissolution（解散）distilled water（蒸馏水）diverter（转向器）drill core(岩心)drill(钻头,打眼)duplication（复制）dynamic（动态，能动）economic recovery（经济回收率）Elapse（过去，推移）electrolyte（电解质）electrowinning（电积）Eliminating（消除）enhance（提高、增加）Entail（意味着）entrainment（夹带）erosion（腐蚀）Fatty acid（脂肪酸）fatty acids（脂肪酸）faulting（断层）FCTRfiltration（过滤）fine particle（较细颗粒）floatability（可浮性）flotation rate constant（浮选速率常数）flowsheet（工艺流程）fluctuation（波动）fluorite（萤石）frother（起泡剂）Frother（起泡剂）Gangue（脉石）grease（润滑脂）grindability（可磨性）gross（毛的，）Hallimond tube technique（哈利蒙管）hollow（凹，空心的）hydrophilic（亲水性）Hydrophobic（疏水）Impeller（叶轮）in situ（原位）Incorporate（合并）indicator（指标，迹象）inert（惰性的）intergrowth（连生）intermediate-size fraction（中等粒度的含量）ionising collector（离子型捕收剂）amphoteric（两性）irrespective（不论）jaw crusher(颚式破碎机)jet（喷射，喷出物）laborious（费力的）layout（布局，安排）layout（布局，设计）liable（负责）magnitude（幅度）maintenance（维修）malachite（孔雀石）manganese（锰）mathematically (数学地)mechanism（进程）metallurgical performance（选矿指标）metallurgical（冶金的）MIBC（methyl isobutyl carbinol）（甲基异丁甲醇）Microflotation（微粒浮选）Mineralized（矿化的）mineralogical composition(矿物组成) mineralogy（矿物学）mineralogy（岩相学）MLA(mineral liberation analyser)modify（改变）molybdenite（辉钼矿）multiple（复合的）multiple-step（多步）Natural floatability（天然可浮性）hydrophobic（疏水性的）neutral（中性的）non-metallic（非金属）non-technical（非技术）nozzle（喷嘴）optimum（最佳）organic solvent（有机溶剂）oxidation（氧化）oxyhydryl collector（羟基捕收剂）xanthate（黄药）Oxyhydryl collector（羟基捕收剂）palladium（钯）parallel（平行）penalty（惩罚，危害）penetrate（穿透）peripheral(周边)peripheral（周边的）permeable base（透气板）personnel（人员）pH modifier（pH调整剂）pinch（钉）platinum（铂）pneumatic（充气式）polishing（抛光）portion（比例）postulate（假设）predetermined value（预定值）prior（优先）Pulp potential(矿浆电位)pyramidal tank（锥体罐）pyrite(黄铁矿)QEMSCAN(p288)reagent(药剂)rectangular（长方形）regulator（调整剂）reluctant（惰性的）residual（残留物）reverse flotation（反浮选）rod mill（棒磨机）rougher concentrate（粗选精矿）rougher-scavenger split（粗扫选分界）scale-up（扩大）scavenger（少选精矿）scheme（计划，构想）SE（separation efficienty）sealed drum（密封桶）severity（严重性）Sinter（烧结）sleeve（滚轴）slipstream（汇集）smelter（熔炼）sparger（分布器）sphalerite（闪锌矿）sphalerite（闪锌矿）Standardize（标定，规范）stationary（静止的）stator（定子，静片）storage agitator(储存搅拌器) Straightforward（直接的）Subprocess（子过程）subsequent（随后）Sulphide（硫化物）summation（合计）sustain（保留）swirling（纷飞）tangible（有形，明确的）tensile force（张力）texture（纹理）theoretical（原理的）thickener （浓密机）titanium（钛）TOF-SIMStonnage（吨位）Tube（管，筒）turbine（涡轮）ultra-fine（极细的）undesirable(不可取) uniformity（统一性）unliberated（未解离的）utilize（使用）Vigorous（有力，旺盛）weir-type（堰式）whereby（据此）withdrawal（撤回）Work of adhesion（粘着功）XPSAgglomeration-skin flotation（凝聚-表层浮选p316 左中）Associated mineral （共生矿物）by-product （副产品）Chalcopyrite (黄铜矿)Coking coal (焦煤p344 左下)Control of collector addition rate(p322 last pa right 捕收剂添加率的控制) Control of pulp level(矿浆液位控制p321 last pa on the right )Control of slurry pH(矿浆pH控制p322 2ed pa on the left)DCS--distributed control system(分布式控制系统p320 右中)Denver conditioning tank(丹佛型调和槽figure 12.56) Electroflotation (电浮选p315 右中)feed-forward control(前馈控制p323 figure 12.60)Galena（方铅矿）Molybdenum （钼）Nickel ore (镍矿的浮选p343 左)PGMs--platinum group metals(铂族金属)PLC--programmable logic controller（可编程序逻辑控制器p320 右中）porphyry copper（斑岩铜矿）Table flotation (摇床浮选俗称“台选”p316 左中)Thermal coal (热能煤p344 左下)Ultra-fine particle（超细矿粒p315 右中）Wet grinding(湿式磨矿)Chapter 13 Magnetic and electrical separationCassiterite(锡石矿) wolframite(黑钨矿) Diamagnetics(逆磁性矿物) paramagnetics(顺磁性矿物) Ferromagnetism(铁磁性) magnetic induction(磁导率)Field intensity(磁场强度) magnetic susceptibility(磁化系数) Ceramic(瓷器) taconite(角岩)Pelletise(造球) bsolete(废弃的)Feebly(很弱的) solenoid(螺线管)Cobbing(粗粒分选) depreciation(折旧)Asbestos(石棉) marcasite(白铁矿)Leucoxene(白钛石) conductivity(导电性)Preclude(排除) mainstay(主要组成)Rutile(金红石) diesel(柴油)Cryostat(低温箱)Chapter 14 ore sortingappraisal(鉴别); audit(检查); barren waste(废石); beryllium isotope(铍同位素); boron mineral(硼矿物); category(范围);coil(线圈);downstream(后处理的);electronic circuitry(电路学);feldspar(长石);fluorescence(荧光);grease(油脂);hand sorting(手选);infrared(红外的);irradiate(照射);laser beam(激光束);limestone(石灰石);luminesce(发荧光);luminescence(荧光);magnesite(菱镁矿);magnetic susceptivity(磁敏性);matrix(基质);microwave(微波);monolayer(单层);neutron absorption separation(中子吸收法); neutron flux (中子通量); oleophilicity(亲油的);phase shift(相变);phosphate(磷酸盐); photometric sorting(光选); photomultiplier(光电倍增管); preliminary sizing(预先分级); proximity(相近性);radiometric (放射性的); scheelite(白钨矿);scintillation(闪烁);seam(缝隙);sequential heating(连续加热); shielding(防护罩);slinger(投掷装置);subtle discrimination(精细的鉴别); talc(滑石);tandem(串联的);thermal conductivity(热导率); ultraviolet(紫外线);water spray(喷水);Chapter15DewateringAcrylic(丙烯酸) monomer(单分子层) Allotted(分批的)jute(黄麻) Counterion(平衡离子) amide(氨基化合物) Diaphragm(隔膜) blanket(覆盖层) Electrolyte(电解液) gelatine(动物胶) Flocculation(聚团) decant(倒出)Gauge(厚度，测量仪表) rayon(人造纤维丝) hyperbaric(高比重的) Membrane(薄膜) coagulation(凝结) miscelaneous(不同种类的) barometric(气压的) Potash(K2CO3)tubular(管状的) Sedimentation(沉淀) filtration(过滤)Thermal drying(热干燥) polyacrylamide(聚丙烯酰胺)Chapter16 tailings disposalBack-fill method—矿砂回填法tailings dams—尾矿坝impoundment—坝墙Cyclone—旋流器Dyke—坝体slimes—矿泥Floating pump—浮动泵站compacted sand—压实矿砂Lower-grade deposits -- 低品位矿床heavy metal—重金属mill reagent—选矿药剂Neutralization agitator—中和搅拌槽thickener---浓密池overflow –溢流River valley—河谷upstream method of tailings-dam construction –上流筑坝法Sulphur compound—硫化物additional values—有价组分the resultant slimes—脱出的矿泥surface run-off-- 地表水lime—石灰the downstream method—下游筑坝法the centre-line method –中线筑坝法drainage layer—排渗层Underflow—沉砂water reclamation—回水利用reservoir—贮水池Part II ElaborationsChapter2 Ore handing1.The harmful materials and its harmful effects(中的有害物质，及其影响) ----P30 右2.The advantage of storage (贮矿的好处)-----p35 左下Chapter 4 particle size analysis3.equivalent diameter (page90);4.stokes diameter (page98) ; median size (page95,left and bottom); 80% passing size (page95,right) ; cumulative percentage(page94-95under the title’presentation of results’); Sub-sieve;(page 97,right)5.why particle size analysis is so important in the plant operation? (page90, paragraph one); some methods of particle analysis, their theory and the applicable of the size ranges.(table4.1+theory in page91-106)7.how to present one sizing test?(page94)8.how to operate a decantation test?(page98 sedimentation test)9.advantage and disadvantage of decantation in comparison with elutriation? (Page99 the second paragraph on the left +elutriation technique dis/advantage in page 102 the second paragraph on the left)Chapter 6Crushers10.The throw of the crusher: Since the jaw is pivoted from above, it moves a minimum distance at the entry point and a maximum distance at the delivery. This maximum distance is called the throw of the crusher.11.Arrested(free) crushing: crushing is by the jaws only12.Choked crushing: particles break each other13.The angle of nip:14.1)the angle between the crushing members2)the angle formed by the tangents to the roll surfaces at their points of contactwith the particle(roll crushers)15.Ore is always stored after the crushers to ensure a continuous supply to the grinding section. Why not have similar storage capacity before the crushers and run this section continuously?(P119,right column, line 13)16.The difference between the jaw crusher and the gyratory crusher?(P123,right column, paragraph 3)17.Which decide whether a jaw or a gyratory crusher should be used in a particular plant?(p125,left column, paragraph 2)18.Why the secondary crushers are much lighter than the heavy-duty, rugged primary machines?(P126,right column, paragraph 4)19.What’s the difference between the 2 forms of the Symons cone crusher, the Standard and the short-head?(P128,left column, paragraph3 )20.What’s the use of the parallel section in the cone crusher?(P128,left column, paragraph4)21.What’s the use of the distributing plate in the cone crusher?(P128,right column, paragraph1)22.Liner wear monitoring(P129,right column, paragraph2)23.Water Flush technology(P130, left column, paragraph1)24.What’s the difference between the gyradisc crusher and the conventional cone crusher?(P130,right column, paragraph 4)25.What’s the use of the storage bin?(P140,left column, paragraph 2)26.Jaw crushers(p120)27.the differences between the Double-toggle Blake crushers and Single-toggle Blake crushers(p121, right column, paragraph 3)28.the use of corrugated jaw plates(p122, right column, line 8)29.the differences between the tertiary crushers and the secondary crushers?(p126,right column, paragraph 5)30.How to identify a gyratory crusher, a cone crushers?(p127, right column, paragraph 3)31.the disadvantages of presence of water during crushing(p130,right column, paragraph 2)32.the relationship between the angle of nip and the roll speed?(p133, right column)33.Smooth-surfaced rolls——used for fine crushing; corrugated surface——used for coarse crushing;(p134, left column, last paragraph)Chapter 7 grinding mills34.Autogenous grinding：An AG mill is a tumbling mill that utilizes the ore itself as grinding media. The ore must contain sufficient competent pieces to act as grinding media.P16235.High aspect ratio mills: where the diameter is 1.5-3 times of the length. P16236.Low aspect ratio mills：where the length is 1.5-3 times of the diameter. P16237.Pilot scale testing of ore samples: it’s therefore a necessity in assessing the feasibility of autogenous milling, predicting the energy requirement, flowsheet, and product size.P16538.Semi-autogenous grinding: An SAG mill is an autogenous mill that utilizes steel balls in addition to the natural grinding media. P16239.Slurry pool：this flow-back process often leads to higher slurry hold-up inside an AG or SAG mill, and may sometimes contribute to the occurrence of “slurry pool”, which has adverse effects on the grinding performance.P16340.Square mills：where the diameter is approximately equal to the length.P16241.The aspect ratio: the aspect ratio is defined as the ratio of diameter to length. Aspect ratios generally fall into three main groups: high aspect ratio mills、square mills and low aspect ratio mills.P16242.grinding circuit: Circuit are divided into two broad classifications: open and closed.(磨矿回路p170)。
国外职场矿物加工专业的英文自我介绍
国外职场矿物加工专业的英文自我介绍English:I am a professional in mineral processing with extensive experience in the international workplace. My journey in this field began with a strong academic background, including a degree in Mineral Processing Engineering from a renowned university. Throughout my career, I have gained practical skills in ore characterization, mineral beneficiation techniques, and process optimization. I have successfully managed projects from initial feasibility studies to implementation, demonstrating my ability to analyze complex technical issues and develop innovative solutions. My expertise extends to various mineral processing equipment, including crushers, mills, and flotation machines, and I am proficient in using simulation software to model and optimize plant operations. Moreover, I have a deep understanding of environmental and safety regulations related to mineral processing, ensuring compliance and promoting sustainable practices. My experience working in multicultural teams has honed my communication and collaboration skills, allowing me to effectively coordinate with colleagues and stakeholders fromdiverse backgrounds. I am passionate about leveraging my expertise to contribute to the advancement of the mineral processing industry globally, driving efficiency, sustainability, and technological innovation.中文翻译:我是一名在国际职场拥有丰富矿物加工经验的专业人士。
矿物加工专业英语课件
有价矿物按照其用途可分为金属和非金属矿物。某 些矿物的用途可以不仅仅只有一种。在一种情况 下某种矿物可以是一种金属矿物，即当它用于生 产金属时，如铝土矿[水和氧化铝]用于生产金属 铝时；另一种情况下铝土矿被分类为非金属矿物， 即当它用于生产耐火砖或磨料时。
1.2 Scope of Mineral Processing 选矿的作用 Mineral processing is concerned mainly with the physical methods of separation, which may be: Ⅰ. Separation dependent on optical and radioactive properties, etc. This is often called sorting, which commonly included hand selection of high-grade ores until relatively recently. Ⅱ. Separation dependent on specific gravity differences. This utilises the differential movement of minerals due to mass effects, usually in hydraulic currents. Although the method declined in importanhe froth flotation process, it is now being increasingly used due to improved techniques and its relative simplicity compared with other methods. It also has the advantage of producing less environmental pollution. Ⅲ. Separation utilising the different surface properties of the minerals. Froth flotation, which is undoubtedly the most important method of concentration, is affected by the degree of affinity of the minerals for rising air-bubbles
矿物加工工程专业英语词汇
矿物加工工艺学(浮选部分）英文词汇floatation 浮选froth flotation 泡沫浮选direct flotation 正浮选reverse flotation 反浮选fineness of grinding 磨矿细度fractionation 分级mineral wettability 矿物润湿性mineral flotability 矿物的可浮性equilibrium contact angle 平衡接触角three phase interface 三相界面hydrophobicity of mineral 矿物的疏水性hydrophilicity of mineral 矿物的亲水性foam adhesion泡沫附着ionic lattice 离子晶格covalence lattice共价晶格surface inhomogeneity 表面的不均匀性oxidation and dissolution 氧化与溶解oxidizing agent 氧化剂reduction agent 还原剂surface modification of mineral 矿物的表面改性electric double layer 双电层ionization 电离adsorption 吸附electrokinetic potential电动电位point of zero charge 零电点isoelectric point 等电点collecting agent 捕收剂semi micelle adsorption 半胶束吸附exchange adsorption 交换吸附competitive adsorption 竞争吸附specific adsorption 特性吸附modifying agent 调整剂depressant 抑制剂activating agent 活化剂foaming agent 起泡剂hydrophilic group 亲水基团liberation degree 解离度polar group 极性基团nonpolar group 非极性基团sulphide ore 硫化矿物oxidized mineral 氧化矿物xanthate 黄药hydrolysis 水解medicamentous selectivity药剂的选择性catchment action捕收作用electrochemical action 电化学作用pyrite 黄铁矿calcite 方解石alkyl radical 烃基含氧酸organic amine 有机胺类carboxylate surfactant 羧酸盐kerosene 煤油amphoteric collector 两性两捕收剂alkyl radical sulfonate 烃基磺酸盐complex 络合物pH modifying agent pH调整剂long—chain molecule 长链分子chalcopyrite 黄铜矿galena 方铅矿blende 闪锌矿oxidized ore 氧化矿flocculant 絮凝剂non-hydronium flocculant 非离子型絮凝剂desorption 解吸air bladder 气泡solubility 溶解度specific surface area 比表面积mineral resources 矿源three phase air bladder 三相气泡ore magma electric potential 矿浆电位mixed potential model 混合电位模型freedom hydrocarbon diversification 自由烃变化electrostatic pull 静电引力intermolecular force 分子间力goethite 针铁矿semi micelle adsorption 半胶束吸附concentration of solution 溶液浓度flotation machine浮选机oxygenation充气作用recovery 回收率concentrate grade 精矿品位handling capacity 处理能力air bladder collision气泡碰撞flotation column 浮选柱ore concentration dressing 富集作用floatation process 浮选工艺floatation speed 浮选速率flotation circuit 浮选流程granularity 粒度degree of fineness 细度gravity concentration 重力选矿Abkhazite 透闪石棉Amiantus 石棉acceptance operation 矿石预选Acclivity 斜面airborne dust 大气浮尘air conveying 风力输送amplitude of vibration 振幅ancillary mineral 伴生矿物apparent viscosity 视粘度artificial bedding 人工床层attle 废石average grain diameter 平均粒径axial motion 轴向运动backwash water 冲洗水backwater筛下水barite 菱镁蛇纹岩barren rock 脉石beach ore 砂矿bed separation 分层bevel angle 倾斜角buddle 淘洗盘buddle jig 动筛跳汰机buoyancy 浮力buoyant weight 悬浮重量Caplastometer 粘度计Centipoises 厘泊Centrifugal field 离心力场Centrifugal jig 离心跳汰机Circular 圆形跳汰机Centrifuge 离心机Classification efficiency 分级效率Classifier 分级机Classifier overflow 分级机溢流Classifier sand 分级机返砂Close sizing 窄级分级Claster of particles 颗粒群Coarse feed 粗粒给料Cyclone 水力旋流器Cassiterite 锡石Dilated 松散床层dimensionless parameter 无因次参数duplex table 双层摇床diaphragm jig 隔膜跳汰机dwindles out 尖灭film concentration 流膜选矿final velocity 末速度free settling particle 自由沉降颗粒free settling ratio 自由沉降比gravity concentrate 重选精矿gravity tailings 重选尾矿galena 方铅矿iron ore pellet 铁矿球团jig cycle 跳汰周期heavy liquid 重液heavy-media separator 重介质分选heavy—media suspension 重介质悬浮液hydraulic analysis 水力分析high-weir spiral classifier 高堰式螺旋分级机hindered settling 干涉沉降HMS-flotation method 重介质浮选联合分选Hydrocyclone 水力旋流器Laundering 溜槽选矿low- weir spiral classier 低堰式螺旋分级机medium recovery screen 介质回收筛meerschaum 海泡石menachanite 钛铁砂outer vortex 外螺旋线particle diameter 颗粒直径particle shape 颗粒形状particle size accumulation 粒度累积曲线partition size 分离粒度jigging 跳汰选矿regenerated dense medium 重介质再生sand table 矿砂摇床scalping screen 脱介筛setting vessel 沉降速度shaking table 摇床矿物加工工艺学（磁电选矿部分）英文词汇Mineral Processing Technology 矿物加工工艺学Principle of magnetism process 磁选原理Magnetic force 磁力Ratio magnetic force 比磁力Compete force 竞争力Mineral magnetism 矿物的磁性Atomic magnetism moment 原子磁矩Molecular magnetism moment 分子磁矩Magnetization & magnetic field 磁化和磁化磁场Magnetization intensity 磁化强度Ratio susceptibility 比磁化系数Diamagnetism 逆磁性Paramagnetism 顺磁性Ferromagnetism 铁磁性Magnetic domain 磁畴Revers ferromagnetism 反铁磁性Subferromagnetism 亚铁磁性Coercive force 矫顽力Remanence 剩磁Magnetization roasting 磁化焙烧Deoxidization roasting 还原焙烧Midlle roasting 中性焙烧Oxidation roasting 氧化焙烧Siderite 菱铁矿Hematite 赤铁矿Magnetite 磁铁矿Unhydrophite magnetization 疏水磁化Magnetic process equipment 磁选设备Feebleness magnetic separation machine 弱磁场磁选机Dry magnetic separation machine 干式磁选机Wet feebleness magnetic separation machine 湿式弱磁场磁选机High magnetic separation machine 强磁场磁选机High grads magnetic sparation machine 高梯度磁选机Supercondduct magnetic separation 超导电选Concentrator 选矿机Electrity process 电选Electrity concentrator 电选机Static separation 静电选矿Air-ionization separation 电晕分选Friction electric separation 摩擦电选Magnetic process practice 磁选实践Nonmetal ore 非金属矿Diamond process 金刚石选矿Heavy medium reclaim 重介质回收Primary concentrate 粗精矿Graphite gangue 石墨尾矿Kaolin magnetic process 高岭土磁选Block metal ore 黑色金属矿石Manganese ore magnetic process 锰矿石磁选Coloured metal & rare metal 有色金属和稀有金属Ilmenite 钛铁矿Rutile 金红石Zircon 锆英石Electric process practice 电选实践Tungstate 钨酸盐cassiterite 锡石hematite 赤铁矿gangue 脉石,废石，矸石magnet 磁铁，磁体,磁石conductor mineral 导体矿物silicate 硅酸盐diatomite 硅藻土hysteresis 磁滞现象magnetic core . 磁铁芯winding 绕组，线圈medium 介质electrophoresis 电泳screening 筛分magnetic field 磁场flux 磁通量ferromagnet 铁磁物质ferromagnetism 铁磁性reunite 团聚magnetic system 磁系magnetic agitate 磁搅动permanent magnet 永久磁铁solenoid magnet 螺管式磁铁pyrite 黄铁矿,硫铁矿limonite 褐铁矿reluctivity 磁阻率conduct 传导induce 诱导,感应,归纳astrict 束缚charge 电荷electric field 。
矿物洗选加工技术在矿石资源综合利用中的应用研究
M achining and Application机械加工与应用矿物洗选加工技术在矿石资源综合利用中的应用研究黄子常摘要：本文针对铜矿公司的矿石资源综合利用问题，重点探讨了矿物洗选加工技术在铜矿资源开采中的应用研究。
文章先介绍了矿石资源的重要性以及目前面临的挑战，然后重点讨论了矿物洗选加工技术在提高铜矿石资源综合利用效率方面的关键作用。
研究发现，通过合理选择和应用矿物洗选加工技术，铜矿公司可以提高矿石的品位，减少废料产生，提高资源的综合利用率。
文章还强调了环境保护和可持续发展在这一领域中的重要性。
关键词：铜矿资源；矿物洗选加工技术；综合利用；矿石开采；可持续发展；环境保护；资源效率铜作为一种重要的有色金属，在现代工业和电子领域扮演着不可或缺的角色。
随着工业化和城市化进程的不断推进，对铜资源的需求逐年增加，但铜矿资源的有限性也逐渐显现。
铜矿公司作为铜资源的主要开采者和加工者，面临着如何高效、可持续地利用这一宝贵资源的重大挑战。
因此，矿物洗选加工技术成为一项至关重要的工具，以提高铜矿石资源的综合利用效率。
然而，随着时间的推移，铜矿资源逐渐减少，矿石品位降低，废料的产生不仅对环境造成负担，也在一定程度上限制了资源的有效利用。
这为铜矿公司提出了关键性的问题。
如何在确保经济效益的同时，降低资源浪费，减少环境影响？为了解决这些问题，需要深入研究和探讨矿物洗选加工技术在铜矿石资源综合利用中的应用，以实现可持续发展和资源保护的双重目标。
1 铜矿资源与综合利用1.1 铜矿资源的重要性铜作为一种重要的有色金属，具有广泛的应用领域，包括电子、建筑、交通、能源等。
其导电、导热和耐腐蚀特性使其成为现代社会不可或缺的材料。
电子产品，如智能手机、电脑和电动汽车，都依赖铜导电线路。
建筑业需要大量铜材料用于电气系统和管道。
交通工具中的发动机和制动系统也需要铜合金。
此外，可再生能源领域的风力和太阳能设备也需要铜来传输电能。
因此，铜资源对于社会的可持续发展至关重要。
矿物加工技术双语翻译
矿物加工技术双语翻译PartI words Chapter1 Introductionalluvial mining---冲积矿床开采aluminium—铝an optimum grind size—最佳磨矿粒度barytes—重晶石comminution—粉碎degree of liberation—解离度diamond ores—金刚石矿石Electrical conductivity properties—导电性fluorite—萤石fundamental operations—基本选别流程release/liberation—解离Galena—leadsulphide—方铅矿sphalerite-zincsulphide—闪锌矿cassiterite-tin oxide—锡石grinding—磨矿Laboratory and pilot scale test-work—试验室和半工业实验Line flowsheet—线流程locking of mineral and gangue—连生体Middlings—中矿mill(concentrator)--- 选矿厂milling costs—磨矿消耗Minerals definition(p.1)metallic ore processing –金属矿石加工gangue—脉石Mineral—矿物ore—矿石crust of the earth—地壳sea-bed—河床non-metallic ores—非金属矿石bauxite—氧化铝optical properties—光学性质Ore bodies—矿体part per million(ppm)Primary grind—粗磨product handling—产品处理pyrite –黄铁矿Recovery—回收率Refractory bricks—耐火砖abrasives—磨料Separation—分离Smelter—熔炼sorting—拣选subsequent concentration process—后续选别流程Tailings retreatment—尾矿再处理as-mined(run of mine)—原矿mineral processing(ore dressing/mineral dressing/milling （磨选）)—矿物加工portion/concentrate—精矿discard/tailing—尾矿the flowsheet—工艺流程The minimum metal content(grade)—最低金属含量The valuable mineral—有用矿物complex ores—复合矿The waste minerals—脉石enrichment process—富集工艺metal losses—金属损失the enrichment ratio—富集比efficiency of mineral processing operations—矿物加工作业效率The ratio of concentration –选别比the grade/assay—品位ultra-fine particles—超细颗粒unit concentration processes—单元选别流程Chapter2Ore handingopen-pit ore(露天开采的矿石p30，左下)run-of-mine ore(原矿)Typical washing plant flowsheet(洗矿车间典型流程figure 2.2) tipper (卸料器p33 右上)Shuttle belt (梭式胶带p33 右中)Gravity bucket elevator （斗式重力提升机p33 右下）Ore storage(矿物储存p35 右上)包括:stockpile （矿场）bin（矿仓）tank (贮槽)Front-end loader (前段式装载机p35 右上)Bucket-wheel reclaimer（斗轮式装载机p35 右上）Reclaim tunnel system（隧道装运系统p35 右上）The amount of reclaimable material/the live storage(有效贮量p35 右中figure 2.7) Conditioning tank (调和槽p36 左上) Chain-feeder (罗斯链式给矿机figure 2.9)Cross-section of elliptical bar feeder （椭圆形棒条给矿机figure 2.10）Vibrating grizzly feeder (振动格筛给矿机p37 左上)Apron feeder (板式给矿机figure 2.11)Belt feeder (胶带给矿机p37 右下)Chapter 4 particle size analysisacicular(针状);adverse(相反的);algorithm(算法);angular(多角状);aperture(孔径);apex (顶点);apparatus(仪器);arithmetic(运算器，算术); assaying(化验);attenuation(衰减);beaker decantation(烧杯倾析); blinding(阻塞);calibration(校正);charge(负荷);congest(充满);consecutive(连续的);contract(压缩);convection current(对流); conversion factor(转化因子); crystalline(晶体状);cyclosizer(旋流分析仪);de-aerated(脱气);derive:(得出);dilute(稀释);dimensionless quantity(无量纲量); dispersing agent(分散剂);distort(变形);duplicate(重复); electrical impedence(电阻); electroetching(电蚀刻); electroform(电铸);elutriation(淘析);epidote(绿帘石);equilateral triangle(等边三角形); flaky(薄片状);flask(烧瓶);fractionated sample(分级产品); gauze(筛网);geometric(几何学的);granular(粒状的);graticule(坐标网);gray scale(灰度);ground glass(毛玻璃);hand sieve(手动筛);histogram(直方图);immersion(浸没);inter-conversion(相互转变); interpolate(插值);intervals(区间);laminar flow(粘性流体);laser diffraction(激光衍射);light scattering method(光散射法); line of slope(斜率);logarithmic(对数的);machine sieve(机械筛); mechanical constraint(机械阻力);mesh(目);modular(系数的，制成有标准组件的);near size(临界筛孔尺寸);nominal aperture();nylon(尼龙);opening(开口);ordinate(纵坐标);perforated(多孔的);pipette(吸管);plotting cumulative undersize(累积筛下曲线); median size(中间粒度d50);polyhedron(多面体); reflection(反射); procure(获得);projected area diameter(投影面直径);ratio of the aperture width(筛比);refractive index(折射率);regression(回归) ;reproducible(可再生的);sedimentation balance(沉降天平); sedimentation(沉降) ;segment(片);sensor section(传感器); sieve shaker(振动筛，振筛器);spreadsheet(电子表格);simultaneously(同时地);size distribution(粒度分布);spectrometer(摄谱仪);stokes diameter(斯托克斯直径);subdivide(细分);sub-sieve(微粒);suction(吸入);syphon tube(虹吸管);tabulate(列表);tangential entry(切向入口);terminal velocity(沉降末速);truncate(截断);twill(斜纹图);two way cock(双通塞);ultra sonic(超声波);underside(下侧);vertex(顶点);vortex outlet (涡流出口);wetting agent(润湿剂);Chapter 5 comminutionattrition----- 研磨batch-type grindability test—小型开路可磨性实验bond’s third theory—邦德第三理论work index----功指数breakage—破碎converyor--- 运输机crack propagation—裂隙扩展crushing and grinding processes—破碎磨矿过程crushing----压扎crystalline material—晶状构体physical and chemical bond –物理化学键diameter—直径elastic—弹性fine-grained rocks—细粒岩石coarse-grained rocks—粗粒岩石chemical additives—化学添加剂fracture----碎裂free surface energy—自由表面能potential energy of atoms—原子势能graphical methods---图解法grindability test—可磨性实验crushing and grinding efficiency--- 破碎磨矿效率grinding media—磨矿介质gyratory crusher---旋回破碎机tumbling mill --- 筒形磨矿机impact crusher—冲击式破碎机high pressure griding roll--高压辊磨impact breaking-冲击破碎impact—冲击jaw—颚式破碎机material index-材料指数grindability—可磨性mill----选矿厂non-linear regression methods--- 非线性回归法ore carry--- 矿车Parameter estimation techniques—参数估计技术reduction ratio—破碎比roll crusher—辊式破碎机operating work indices—操作功指数Scraper—电铲slurry feed—矿浆SPI(SAG Power Index)—SAG 功指数simulation of comminution processes and circuits—粉碎工艺流程模拟stirred mill—搅拌磨stram energy---应变能the breakage characteristics—碎裂特性the crystalline lattice—晶格the reference ore---参比矿石product size distribution--- 产品粒度分布theory of comminution—粉碎理论brittle—脆性的tough material--- 韧性材料platstic flow—塑性流动Tracer methods—示踪法vibration mill-- 振动磨矿机Chapter 6CrushersAG/SAG mills(autogenousgrinding/semiautogenous grinding) 自磨、半自磨Alternating working stresses交替工作应力Amplitude of swing 摆幅Arrested or free crushing 夹压碎矿、自由碎矿Bell-shaped 钟形Belt scales 皮带秤Binding agents 粘结剂Bitumen 沥青Blending and rehandling 混合再处理Breaker plate 反击板Capital costs 基建费用Capstan and chain 铰杆铰链Cast iron or steel 铸铁铸钢Chalk 白垩Cheek plates 夹板Choke fed 阻塞给矿（挤满给矿）Choked crushing 阻塞碎矿Chromium carbide 碳铬合金Clay 粘土Concave 凹的Convex 凸的Corrugated 波纹状的Cross-sectional area 截面积Cross-section剖面图Crusher gape 排矿口Crusher throat 破碎腔Crushing chamber 破碎腔Crushing rolls 辊式碎矿机Crushing 破碎Discharge aperture 排矿口Double toggle 双肘板Drilling and blasting 打钻和爆破Drive shaft 驱动轴Eccentric sleeve 偏心轴套Eccentric 偏心轮Elliptical 椭圆的Epoxy resin 环氧树脂垫片Filler material 填料Fixed hammer impact mill 固定锤冲击破碎机Flakes 薄片Flaky 薄而易剥落的Floating roll 可动辊Flywheel 飞轮Fragmentation chamber 破碎腔Grizzlies 格条筛Gypsum 石膏Gyratory crushers 旋回破碎机Hammer mills 锤碎机Hydraulic jacking 液压顶Idle 闲置Impact crushers 冲击式破碎机Interparticle comminution 粒间粉碎Jaw crushers 颚式破碎机Limestone 石灰岩Lump 成块Maintenance costs 维修费Manganese steel mantle 锰钢罩Manganese steel 锰钢Mechanical delays 机械检修Metalliferous ores 有色金属矿Nip 挤压Nodular cast iron 球墨铸铁Nut 螺母Pack 填充Pebble mills 砾磨Pillow 垫板Pitman 连杆Pivot 轴Plates 颚板Primary crushing 初碎Receiving areas 受矿面积Reduction ratio 破碎比Residual stresses 残余应力Ribbon 流量Rivets 铆钉Rod mills 棒磨Roll crushers 辊式碎矿机Rotary coal breakers 滚筒碎煤机Rotating head 旋回锥体Scalp 扫除Secondary crushing 中碎Sectionalized concaves分段锥面Set 排矿口Shales 页岩Silica 二氧化硅Single toggle 单肘板Skips or lorries 箕斗和矿车Spider 壁架Spindle 竖轴Springs 弹簧Staves 环板Steel forgings 锻件Stroke 冲程Stroke 冲程Surge bin 缓冲箱Suspended bearing 悬吊轴承Swell 膨胀Swinging jaw 动颚Taconite ores 铁燧岩矿石Tertiary crushing 细碎The (kinetic) coefficient of friction （动）摩擦系数The angle of nip啮角The angle of repose 安息角The cone crusher 圆锥破碎机The cone lining 圆锥衬里The gyradisc crusher 盘式旋回碎矿机Thread 螺距Throughput 处理量Throw 冲程Tripout 停机Trommel screen 滚筒筛Valve 阀Vibrating screens 振动筛Wear 磨损Wedge-shaped 锥形Chapter 7 grinding millsAbrasion 磨蚀Alignment Amalgamation 融合/汞剂化Asbestos 石棉Aspect ratio 纵横比/高宽比Attrition 磨蚀Autogenous mill 自磨机Ball mill 棒磨Barite 重晶石Bearing 轴承Bellow 吼叫Belly 腹部Best-fit 最优化Bolt 螺栓Brittle 易碎的Build-up 增强Butt-weld 焊接Capacitance 电容量Cascade 泻落Cataract 抛落Central shaft 中心轴Centrifugal force 离心力Centrifugal mill 离心磨Chipping 碎屑Churning 搅拌器Circulating load 循环负荷Circumferential 圆周Clinker 渣块Cobbing 人工敲碎Coiled spring 盘簧Comminution 粉碎Compression 压缩Contraction 收缩Corrosion 腐蚀Corrugated 起褶皱的Crack 裂缝Critical speed 临界速度Crystal lattice 晶格Cushion 垫子Cyanide 氰化物Diagnose 诊断Dilute 稀释Discharge 放电Drill coreElastic 有弹性的Electronic belt weigher 电子皮带秤Elongation 延长率Emery 金刚砂Energy-intensive 能量密度Entangle 缠绕Expert system 专家系统Explosives 易爆炸的Flange 破碎Fracture 折断、破碎Front-end loader 前段装备Gear 齿轮传动装置Girth 周长Granulate 颗粒状的Grate discharge 磨碎排矿GreenfieldGrindability 可磨性Grinding media 磨矿介质Groove 沟槽Helical 螺旋状的High carbon steel 高碳钢High pressure grinding roll 高压滚磨Hopper 加料斗Housing 外壳Impact 冲击Impeller 叶轮IntegralInternal stress 内部压力Kinetic energy 运动能Least-square 最小平方Limestone 石灰岩Liner 衬板Lock 锁Lubricant 润滑剂Magnetic metal liner 磁性衬板Malleable 有延展性的Manhole 检修孔Material index 材料指数Matrix 矿脉Muffle 覆盖Multivariable control 多元控制Newtonian 牛顿学的Nodular cast iron 小块铸铁Non-Newtonian 非牛顿的Normally 通常Nuclear density gauge 核密度计Nullify废弃Oblique间接地，斜的Operating 操作Orifice 孔Output shaft 产量轴Overgrinding 过磨Parabolic 像抛物线似地Pebble 砾石Pebble mill 砾磨PendulumPilot scale 规模试验Pinion 小齿轮Pitting 使留下疤痕Plane 水平面PloughPotential energy 潜力Pressure transducer 压力传感器Prime moverPrismatic 棱柱形的Probability 可能性/概率Propagation 增值Pulp density 矿浆密度Pulverize 粉碎Quartzite 石英岩Radiused 半径Rake 耙子Reducer还原剂Reduction ratio 缩小比Retention screenRetrofit 改进Rheological 流变学的Rib骨架Rod 棒Roller-bearing 滚动轴承Rotor 旋转器Rubber liner 橡胶衬板Rupture 裂开ScatsScoop铲起Scraper 刮取器Screw flight 螺旋飞行Seasoned 干燥的SegregationSet-point 选点Shaft 轴Shear 剪Shell 外壳Simulation 模拟SlasticitySpalling 击碎Spigot 龙头Spill 溢出/跌落Spin 使什么旋转Spiral classifier 螺旋分级机Spout 喷出Stationary 静止的Stator 固定片Steady-state 不变的Steel plate 钢盘Steel-capped 钢帽Stirred mill搅拌磨Stress concentration 应力集中Sump 水池Taconite 铁燧岩Tensile stress 拉伸力Thicken 浓缩Throughput 生产量Thyristor 半导体闸流管Time lag 时间间隔T ower mill塔磨Trajectory 轨迹Trial and error 反复试验Trunnion 耳轴Tube millTumbling mill 滚磨Undergrinding 欠磨Underrun 低于估计产量Unlock 开启Vibratory mill 振动磨Viscometer 黏度计Viscosity 黏性Warp 弯曲Wearing linerWedged 楔形物Work index 功指数Chapter 8Industrial screeningBauxite 铝土矿Classification 分级Diagonal 斜的Dry screening 干筛Efficiency or partition curve 效率曲线、分离曲线Electrical solenoids 电磁场Elongated and slabby particles 细长、成板层状颗粒Granular 粒状Grizzly screens 格筛Hexagons 六边形Hydraulic classifiers 水力旋流器Linear screen 线性筛Mesh 网眼Mica 云母Near-mesh particles 近筛孔尺寸颗粒Octagons 八边形Open area 有效筛分面积Oscillating 振荡的Perpendicular 垂直的Polyurethane 聚氨酯Probabilistic 概率性的Resonance screens 共振筛Rhomboids 菱形Rinse 漂洗Rubber 橡胶Screen angle 颗粒逼近筛孔的角度Shallow 浅的Static screens 固定筛Tangential 切线的The cut point（The separation size）分离尺寸Trommels 滚筒筛Vibrating screens 振动筛Water sprays 喷射流Chapter9 classification added increment（增益）aggregate （聚集）alluvial（沉积）apex(顶点) deleterious(有害) approximation（概算，近似值）apron（挡板）buoyant force（浮力）correspond（符合,相符）critical dilution（临界稀释度）cut point（分离点）descent（降落）dilute（稀释的）drag force（拖拽力）duplex（双）effective density（有效比重）emergent（分离出的）equilibrium（平衡）exponent（指数）feed-pressure gauge（给矿压力表）free-settling ratio（自由沉降比）full teeter（完全摇摆流态化）geometry（几何尺寸）helical screw（螺旋沿斜槽）hindered settling（干涉沉降）hollow cone spray（中空锥体喷流）Hydraulic classifier（水力分级机）imperfection（不完整度）incorporated（合并的）infinite（任意的）involute（渐开线式）Mechanical classifier（机械分级机）minimize（最小限度的）multi-spigot hydro-sizer（多室水力分级机）pressure-sensitive valve（压敏阀）Newton’s law（牛顿定律）orifice（孔）overflow（溢流）parallel（平行的，并联的）performance or partition curve （应用特性曲线）predominate（主导）pulp density（矿浆比重）quadruple（四倍）quicksand（流砂体）Reynolds number（雷诺数）scouring （擦洗）Settling cones（圆锥分级机）shear force(剪切力)simplex（单）simulation（模拟）slurry（矿浆）sorting column（分级柱）spherical（球形的）spigot（沉砂）Spiral classifiers（螺旋分级机）Stokes’ law（斯托克斯定律）surging（起伏波动）suspension（悬浮液）tangential（切线式）Teeter chamber（干涉沉降室）teeter（摇摆）terminal velocity(末速)The rake classifier(耙式分级机) turbulent resistance（紊流阻力）underflow （底流）vertical axis（垂直轴）vessel（分级柱）viscosity（粘度）viscous resistance(粘滞阻力) vortex finder（螺旋溢流管）well-dispersed（分散良好的）Chapter 10gravity concentrationactive fluidised bed(流化床); amplitude(振幅);annular(环状的); asbestos(石棉); asymmetrical (非对称的); baddeleyite (斜锆石); barytes (重晶石); cassiterite (锡石); chromite(铬铁矿);circular (循环的); circumference (圆周); closed-circuit (闭路);coefficient of friction (摩擦系数); compartment (隔箱);concentration criterion (分选判据); conduit(管);contaminated(污染);counteract (抵消);degradation (降解);density medium separation (重介质分选); detrimental(有害的);diaphragm (隔膜);dilate (使膨胀);displacement (置换);divert (转移);dredge (挖掘船);eccentric drive(偏心轮驱动); encapsulate (密封);equal settling rate(等沉降比);evenly(均匀的);excavation (采掘);exhaust (废气);feed size range (给矿粒度范围); fiberglass (玻璃纤维);flash floatation (闪浮);flattened(变平);float (浮子);flowing film (流膜);fluid resistance (流体阻力);gate mechanism (开启机制);halt(停止);hand jig (手动跳汰机);harmonic waveform (简谐波);helical(螺旋状的);hindered settling (干涉沉降);hutch(底箱)；immobile (稳定);interlock (连结);interstice (间隙);jerk(急拉);kyanite (蓝晶石);lateral (侧向的，横向的);linoleum (漆布);mica(云母);momentum (动量) ;mount(安装);multiple (多重的)；multi-spigot hydrosizer (多室水力分级机); natural gravity flower (自流); neutralization (中和作用);nucleonic density gauge (核密度计); obscure (黑暗的，含糊不清的); obsolete (报废的);onsolidation trickling (固结滴沉);open-circuit (开路);pebble stone/gravels(砾石); periphery(周边的);pinched (尖缩的) ;platelet(片晶);platinum(铂金);plunger (活塞);pneumatic table(风力摇床); pneumatically (靠压缩空气);porus(孔);preset(预设置);pressure sensing(压力传感的); pressurize (加压);pulsating (脉动的);pulsion/suction stroke (推/吸冲程); quotient (商);radial(径向的);ragging (重物料残铺层);rate of withdraw (引出速率);raw feed (新进料);reciprocate(往复);refuse (垃圾);render (使得);residual (残留的);retard(延迟);riffle (床条);rinse(冲洗);rod mill (棒磨);rotary water vale (旋转水阀); rubber(橡胶);saw tooth (锯齿形的);scraper(刮板);sectors(扇形区);semiempirical(半经验的); settling cone (沉降椎);shaft (轴);side-wall (侧壁);sinterfeed (烧结料);sinusoidal (正弦曲线);slime table(矿泥摇床);sluice (溜槽);specular hematite (镜铁矿); spinning (自转；离心分离); splitters (分离机);starolite (星石英);staurolite (十字石);stratification (分层); stratum (地层); submerge (浸没);sump (池); superimposed (附加的); surge capacity (缓冲容量); synchronization (同步的); throughput(生产能力); tilting frames (翻筛); timing belt (同步带); trapezoidal shaped (梯形的); tray (浅盘) ;trough(槽);tungsten (钨);uneven (不均匀的);uniformity(均匀性);uranolite (陨石);validate(有效);vicinity (附近);water (筛下水);wolframite (黑钨矿，钨锰铁矿);Chapter 11 dense medium separation(DMS) barite（重晶石）Bromoform（溴仿）bucket（桶）carbon tetrachloride（四氯化碳）centrifugal（离心的）chute（陡槽）Clerici solution（克莱利西溶液）corrosion（腐蚀）dependent criterion（因变判据）discard（尾渣）disseminate（分散，浸染）DMS（重介质分选）dominant（主导）Drewboy bath（德鲁博洗煤机）drum separator（双室圆筒选矿机）Drum separator（圆筒选矿机）Dyna Whirlpool（）effective density of separation（有效分选比重）envisage（设想）feasibility（可行性）ferrosilicon（硅铁）flexible sink hose（沉砂软管）fluctuation（波动）fluorite（萤石）furnace（炉）grease-tabling（涂脂摇床）hemisphere（半球）incombustible（不可燃烧的）incremental（递增的）initially（最早地）installation（设备）LARCODEMS（large coal dense medium separator）lead-zinc ore（铅锌矿）longitudinal（纵向）magneto-hydrostatic（磁流体静力）mathematical model （数学模型）metalliferous ore（金属矿）nitrite（亚硝酸盐）Norwalt washer（诺沃特洗煤机）olfram（钨）operating yield（生产回收率）optimum（最佳）organic efficiency（有机效率）paddle（搅拌叶轮）Partition coefficient or partition number（分配率）Partition or Tromp curve（分配或特劳伯曲线）porous(多孔的) probable error of separation；Ecart probable （EP）（分选可能误差）raw coal（原煤）recoverable（可回收的）residue（残渣）revolving lifter（旋转提升器）two-compartmentrigidity（稳定性）sand-stone（砂岩）shale(页岩)siliceous（硅质的）sink-discharge（排卸沉砂）sodium（钠）sulphur reduction（降硫）tabulate（制表）tangential（切线）tedious (乏味)Teska Bash（）Tetrabromoethane（TBE，四溴乙烷）theoretical yield（理论回收率）toxic fume（有毒烟雾）tracer（示踪剂）typical washability curves（典型可选性曲线）Vorsyl separator（沃尔西尔选矿机）weir（堰板）well-ventilated（通风良好的）Wemco cone separator（维姆科圆锥选矿机）yield stress（屈服应力）yield（回收率）Chapter 12 Froth flotationActivator（活化剂）adherence （附着，坚持）adhesion（附着）adhesion（粘附）adjoining（毗邻，邻接的）adsorption(吸附) aeration（充气）aeration（充气量）aerophilic（亲气疏水的）aerophilic（亲气性）Aggregation（聚集体）agitation（搅动）agitator（搅拌机）allegedly（据称）Amine（胺）baffle（析流板）Bank（浮选机组）barite（重晶石）Barren（贫瘠的）batch(开路)Borne（承担）Bubble（泡沫）bubble（气泡）bubble-particle（泡沫颗粒）bulk flotation （混合浮选）capillary tube（毛细管）cassiterite （锡石）cerussite(白铅矿) chalcopyrite（黄铜矿）circulating load（循环负荷）cleaner（精选）clearance（间隙）Collector(捕收剂)collide（碰撞，抵触）compensate（补偿，抵偿）component （组成）concave（凹）concentrate trade（精矿品位）Conditioning period（调整期）conditioning tank（调和槽）cone crusher（圆锥破碎机）configuration(表面配置，格局) Conjunction(关联，合流)contact angle measurement（接触角测量）contact angle（接触角）copper sulphate（硫酸铜）copper-molybdenum（铜钼矿）core(核心)correspondingly（相关的）cylindrical（圆柱）Davcra cell(page305)decantation（倾析）depressant（抑制剂）deteriorating（恶化）Dilute（稀释）Direct flotation（正浮选）disengage（脱离，解开）dissemination（传播）dissolution（解散）distilled water（蒸馏水）diverter（转向器）drill core(岩心)drill(钻头,打眼)duplication（复制）dynamic（动态，能动）economic recovery（经济回收率）Elapse（过去，推移）electrolyte（电解质）electrowinning（电积）Eliminating（消除）enhance（提高、增加）Entail（意味着）entrainment（夹带）erosion（腐蚀）Fatty acid（脂肪酸）fatty acids（脂肪酸）faulting（断层）FCTRfiltration（过滤）fine particle（较细颗粒）floatability（可浮性）flotation rate constant（浮选速率常数）flowsheet（工艺流程）fluctuation（波动）fluorite（萤石）frother（起泡剂）Frother（起泡剂）Gangue（脉石）grease（润滑脂）grindability（可磨性）gross（毛的，）Hallimond tube technique（哈利蒙管）hollow（凹，空心的）hydrophilic（亲水性）Hydrophobic（疏水）Impeller（叶轮）in situ（原位）Incorporate（合并）indicator（指标，迹象）inert（惰性的）intergrowth（连生）intermediate-size fraction（中等粒度的含量）ionising collector（离子型捕收剂）amphoteric（两性）irrespective（不论）jaw crusher(颚式破碎机)jet（喷射，喷出物）laborious（费力的）layout（布局，安排）layout（布局，设计）liable（负责）magnitude（幅度）maintenance（维修）malachite（孔雀石）manganese（锰）mathematically (数学地) mechanism（进程）metallurgical performance（选矿指标）metallurgical（冶金的）MIBC（methyl isobutyl carbinol）（甲基异丁甲醇）Microflotation（微粒浮选）Mineralized（矿化的）mineralogical composition(矿物组成) mineralogy（矿物学）mineralogy（岩相学）MLA(mineral liberation analyser)modify（改变）molybdenite（辉钼矿）multiple（复合的）multiple-step（多步）Natural floatability（天然可浮性）hydrophobic（疏水性的）neutral（中性的）non-metallic（非金属）non-technical（非技术）nozzle（喷嘴）optimum（最佳）organic solvent（有机溶剂）oxidation（氧化）oxyhydryl collector（羟基捕收剂）xanthate（黄药）Oxyhydryl collector（羟基捕收剂）palladium（钯）parallel（平行）penalty（惩罚，危害）penetrate（穿透）peripheral(周边)peripheral（周边的）permeable base（透气板）personnel（人员）pH modifier（pH调整剂）pinch（钉）platinum（铂）pneumatic（充气式）polishing（抛光）portion（比例）postulate（假设）predetermined value（预定值）prior（优先）Pulp potential(矿浆电位)pyramidal tank（锥体罐）pyrite(黄铁矿)QEMSCAN(p288)reagent(药剂)rectangular（长方形）regulator（调整剂）reluctant（惰性的）residual（残留物）reverse flotation（反浮选）rod mill（棒磨机）rougher concentrate（粗选精矿）rougher-scavenger split （粗扫选分界）scale-up（扩大）scavenger（少选精矿）scheme（计划，构想）SE（separation efficienty）sealed drum（密封桶）severity（严重性）Sinter（烧结）sleeve（滚轴）slipstream（汇集）smelter（熔炼）sparger（分布器）sphalerite（闪锌矿）sphalerite（闪锌矿）Standardize（标定，规范）stationary（静止的）stator（定子，静片）storage agitator(储存搅拌器)Straightforward（直接的）Subprocess（子过程）subsequent（随后）Sulphide（硫化物）summation（合计）sustain（保留）swirling（纷飞）tangible（有形，明确的）tensile force（张力）texture（纹理）theoretical（原理的）thickener （浓密机）titanium（钛）TOF-SIMStonnage（吨位）Tube（管，筒）turbine（涡轮）ultra-fine（极细的）undesirable(不可取) uniformity（统一性）unliberated（未解离的）utilize（使用）Vigorous（有力，旺盛）weir-type（堰式）whereby（据此）withdrawal（撤回）Work of adhesion（粘着功）XPSAgglomeration-skin flotation（凝聚-表层浮选p316 左中）Associated mineral （共生矿物）by-product （副产品）Chalcopyrite (黄铜矿)Coking coal (焦煤p344 左下)Control of collector addition rate(p322 last pa right 捕收剂添加率的控制) Control of pulp level(矿浆液位控制p321 last pa on the right )Control of slurry pH(矿浆pH控制p322 2ed pa on the left)DCS--distributed control system(分布式控制系统p320 右中)Denver conditioning tank(丹佛型调和槽figure 12.56)Electroflotation (电浮选p315 右中)feed-forward control(前馈控制p323 figure 12.60)Galena（方铅矿）Molybdenum （钼）Nickel ore (镍矿的浮选p343 左)PGMs--platinum group metals(铂族金属)PLC--programmable logic controller（可编程序逻辑控制器p320 右中）porphyry copper（斑岩铜矿）Table flotation (摇床浮选俗称“台选”p316 左中)Thermal coal (热能煤p344 左下)Ultra-fine particle（超细矿粒p315 右中）Wet grinding(湿式磨矿)Chapter 13 Magnetic and electrical separationCassiterite(锡石矿) wolframite(黑钨矿) Diamagnetics(逆磁性矿物) paramagnetics(顺磁性矿物) Ferromagnetism(铁磁性) magnetic induction(磁导率)Field intensity(磁场强度) magnetic susceptibility(磁化系数) Ceramic(瓷器) taconite(角岩)Pelletise(造球) bsolete(废弃的)Feebly(很弱的) solenoid(螺线管)Cobbing(粗粒分选) depreciation(折旧)Asbestos(石棉) marcasite(白铁矿)Leucoxene(白钛石) conductivity(导电性)Preclude(排除) mainstay(主要组成)Rutile(金红石) diesel(柴油)Cryostat(低温箱)Chapter 14 ore sortingappraisal(鉴别);audit(检查);barren waste(废石); beryllium isotope(铍同位素); boronmineral(硼矿物); category(范围);coil(线圈);downstream(后处理的); electronic circuitry(电路学); feldspar(长石); fluorescence(荧光);grease(油脂);hand sorting(手选);infrared(红外的);irradiate(照射);laser beam(激光束); limestone(石灰石); luminesce(发荧光); luminescence(荧光); magnesite(菱镁矿); magnetic susceptivity(磁敏性); matrix(基质); microwave(微波);monolayer(单层);neutron absorption separation(中子吸收法); neutron flux (中子通量);oleophilicity(亲油的);phase shift(相变);phosphate(磷酸盐);photometricsorting(光选);photomultiplier(光电倍增管);preliminary sizing(预先分级);proximity(相近性);radiometric (放射性的);scheelite(白钨矿);scintillation(闪烁);seam(缝隙);sequential heating(连续加热);shielding(防护罩);slinger(投掷装置);subtle discrimination(精细的鉴别);talc(滑石);tandem(串联的);thermal conductivity(热导率);ultraviolet(紫外线); water spray(喷水); Chapter15Dewatering Acrylic(丙烯酸) monomer(单分子层) Allotted(分批的)jute(黄麻) Counterion(平衡离子) amide(氨基化合物) Diaphragm(隔膜) blanket(覆盖层) Electrolyte(电解液) gelatine(动物胶) Flocculation(聚团) decant(倒出)Gauge(厚度，测量仪表) rayon(人造纤维丝) hyperbaric(高比重的) Membrane(薄膜) coagulation(凝结) miscelaneous(不同种类的) barometric(气压的) Potash(K2CO3)tubular(管状的) Sedimentation(沉淀) filtration(过滤)Thermal drying(热干燥) polyacrylamide(聚丙烯酰胺)Chapter16 tailings disposalBack-fill method—矿砂回填法tailings dams—尾矿坝impoundment—坝墙Cyclone—旋流器Dyke—坝体slimes—矿泥Floating pump—浮动泵站compacted sand—压实矿砂Lower-grade deposits -- 低品位矿床heavy metal—重金属mill reagent—选矿药剂Neutralization agitator—中和搅拌槽thickener---浓密池overflow –溢流River valley—河谷upstream method of tailings-dam construction –上流筑坝法Sulphur compound—硫化物additional values—有价组分the resultant slimes—脱出的矿泥surface run-off-- 地表水lime—石灰the downstream method—下游筑坝法the centre-line method –中线筑坝法drainage layer—排渗层Underflow—沉砂water reclamation—回水利用reservoir—贮水池Part II ElaborationsChapter2 Ore handing1.The harmful materials and its harmful effects(中的有害物质，及其影响) -----P30 右2.The advantage of storage (贮矿的好处)-----p35 左下Chapter 4 particle size analysis3.equivalent diameter (page90);4.:stokes diameter (page98) ; median size (page95,left and bottom); 80% passing size (page95,right) ; cumulative percentage(page94-95under the title’presentation of results’); Sub-sieve;(page 97,right)5.why particle size analysis is so important in the plant operation? (page90, paragraph one);/doc/c23d536fa45177232f60a218.html some methods of particle analysis, their theory and the applicable of thesize ranges.(table4.1+theory in page91-106)7.how to present one sizing test?(page94)8.how to operate a decantation test?(page98 sedimentation test)9.advantage and disadvantage of decantation in comparison with elutriation? (Page99 the second paragraph on the left +elutriation technique dis/advantage in page 102 the second paragraph on the left)Chapter 6Crushers10.The throw of the crusher: Since the jaw is pivoted from above, it moves a minimum distance at the entry point and a maximum distance at the delivery. This maximum distance is called the throw of the crusher.11.Arrested(free) crushing: crushing is by the jaws only12.Choked crushing: particles break each other13.The angle of nip:14.1)the angle between the crushing members2)the angle formed by the tangents to the roll surfaces at their points of contact withthe particle(roll crushers)15.Ore is always stored after the crushers to ensure a continuous supply to the grinding section. Why not have similar storage capacity before the crushers and run this section continuously?(P119,right column, line 13)16.The difference between the jaw crusher and the gyratory crusher?(P123,right column, paragraph 3)17.Which decide whether a jaw or a gyratory crusher should be used in a particular plant?(p125,left column, paragraph 2)18.Why the secondary crushers are much lighter than the heavy-duty, rugged primary machines?(P126,right column, paragraph 4)19.What’s the difference between the 2 forms of the Symons cone crusher, the Standard and the short-head?(P128,left column, paragraph3 )20.What’s the use of the parallel section in the cone crusher?(P128,left column, paragraph4)21.What’s the use of the distributing plate in the cone crusher?(P128,right column, paragraph1)22.Liner wear monitoring(P129,right column, paragraph2)23.Water Flush technology(P130, left column, paragraph1)24.What’s the difference between the gyradisc crusher and the conventional cone crusher?(P130,right column, paragraph 4)25.What’s the use of the storage bin?(P140,left column, paragraph 2)26.Jaw crushers(p120)27.the differences between the Double-toggle Blake crushers and Single-toggle Blakecrushers(p121, right column, paragraph 3)28.the use of corrugated jaw plates(p122, right column, line 8)29.the differences between the tertiary crushers and the secondary crushers?(p126,right column, paragraph 5)30.How to identify a gyratory crusher, a cone crushers?(p127, right column, paragraph 3)31.the disadvantages of presence of water during crushing(p130,right column, paragraph 2)32.the relationship between the angle of nip and the roll speed?(p133, right column)33.Smooth-surfaced rolls——used for fine crushing; corrugated surface——used for coarse crushing;(p134, left column, last paragraph)Chapter 7 grinding mills34.Autogenous grinding：An AG mill is a tumbling mill that。
矿物加工专业英语课后题短语、单词
PAERT1 短语Unit1 lesson 1天然无机化合物natural inorganic substances 化学组成chemical compositions原子结构atomic structure有色金属矿石nonferrous ores有用矿物valuable minerals脉石矿物gangue minerals给矿品位feed grades非金属矿石non-metallic oresLeson2沉积岩sedimentary rocks 二氧化碳carbon dioxide发电power generation露天采矿open pit mining低灰分烟煤low-ash bituminous coal挥发分volatile constituents煤气化coal gasification直接液化direct liquefactionLesson3煤质分析coal assay煤的化学性质chemical properties of coal相对密度relative density 粒度分布particle size distribution自磨autonomous grinding燃烧试验combustion test灰分含量ash content of coal高品级煤high-rank coalLesson4矿石粒度the size of ores有用矿物颗粒the grains of valuable minerals低品位矿石low-grade ores解离度degree of liberation光学性质optical properties 磁性magnetic property导电性electrical conductivity propertiesLesson5连生颗粒locked particles最佳磨矿细度optimum mesh of grind破碎应力the breaking stresses颗粒边界mineral grain boundaries再磨regrind磨矿成本grinding costs粗粒脉石the coarse gangue单体颗粒single particlesUNIT3 Lesson1颗粒层厚度the thickness of the layer筛分效率the efficiency of screening难筛颗粒near mesh particlesUNIT4Lesson1 p78低品位复杂矿石low-grade complex ores预选pre-concentrate脱水dewatering矿物比重specific gravity of the mineral理想给料浓度an optimum feed pulp-densityLesson2 P84补偿水流supplied water干涉沉降hindered settling起始加速度the initial acceleration简谐运动harmonic motionLesson3 p88颗粒的横向运动 a lateral displacement of the material流膜分选flowing-film separation给矿槽the feed box冲刷水wash water径向振动vibrate longitudinally垂直分层vertical stratification耐磨材料hard wearing material矿砂摇床sand tablesPART 2句子UNIT TWO comminution (粉碎)L1 principles of comminution(粉碎原理)1、minerals are intimately associated with the gangue.矿石中有用矿物与脉石紧密共生。
矿物加工工程专业英语
矿物与材料类本科生培养方案一、培养目标总体培养目标：从资源-加工-材料一体化角度出发，培养具备资源-加工-材料一体化的基础理论、前沿专业知识、工程技术和科学研究实验技能，使学生成为矿物资源加工和无机非金属材料工程及其相关领域具有工程技术、科学研究、新材料开发和教学的综合能力，并具有较强的创新意识以及一定的组织管理能力和领导才能的高素质科技人才。
矿物加工工程专业培养目标：培养适应社会主义建设需要，德、智、体、美全面发展，具有较强的知识获取能力、实践能力和创新创业能力，获得工程基本训练，基础扎实，知识面宽，综合素质高，能从事矿物加工、钢铁冶金、矿产资源综合利用和环境工程等领域内的生产、设计、教学、科学研究与开发、技术经济管理的创新型高级工程技术人才。
无机非金属材料工程专业培养目标：培养适应社会主义建设需要，德、智、体、美全面发展，具有较强的知识获取能力、实践能力和创新创业能力，具备无机非金属材料工程的基础理论、基本知识、工程技术和研究技能，能从事无机非金属材料生产、质量控制和性能改进、非金属矿物深加工、新型无机材料的开发与设计等无机非金属材料工程及其相关领域的工艺和工程设计、技术开发和改造、科学研究和教学、生产和行政管理等方面工作的创新型高级工程技术人才。
二、培养要求矿物加工工程专业培养要求：主要强化矿物加工、矿产资源利用、钢铁冶金等的基础理论、专业技术（生产工艺和设备、实验研究、设计方法）、应用开发技术、经济管理、相关的机电及计算机知识等。
毕业生应获得以下几方面的知识和能力：1、系统地掌握数学、物理、化学等基本理论、基础知识和基本技能。
2、掌握本专业所必须的制图、机械、电工及电子技术、计算机应用的基本知识和技术。
3、熟练掌握一门外语，具备听、说、读、写、译基本能力。
4、掌握矿物加工过程的基础理论和生产工艺知识及矿物材料科学的基本知识。
5、掌握矿物原料烧结球团、直接还原、钢铁冶金和资源综合利用的基本原理和基本技能。
英文论文翻译 The Challenges of Reusing Mining and Mineral-Processing Wastes
The Challenges of Reusing Mining and Mineral-Processing WastesMining and mineral-processing wastes are one of the world’s largest chronic waste concerns. Their reuse should be included in future sustainable development plans, but the potential impacts on a number of environmental processes are highly variable and must be thoroughly assessed. The chemical composition and geotechnical properties of the source rock determine which uses are most appropriate and whether reuse is economically feasible. If properly evaluated, mining waste can be reused to reextract minerals, provide additional fuel for power plants, supply construction materials, and repair surface and subsurface land structures altered by mining activities themselves. Mining and mineral-processing wastes—the solid and liquid materials generated after mining and ore processing ator near mine sites —have no current economic use. A number of environmental problems are associated with the disposal of this waste, including contamination of streams and lakes and pronounced landscape transformation (e.g., stock-piled waste rock and tailings, subsidence basins, open pits, and removal of overburden rock and topsoil) (Fig. 1). Despite several efforts to reduce the amount of waste produced, solid mineral wastes remain one of the world’s largest waste streams. For example, North America produces more than 10 times as much solid mine waste as municipal solid waste per capita.Because mineral production continues to be necessary for economic development, the recycling and reuse of mining and mineral-processing wastes are important management strategies now and in the future .The origin of mining and mineral-processing wastes is closely related to the formation of the target resource or minerals. For example, many coal deposits exist in subsided regions resulting from mountain formation; hence, the overlays of coal resources are generally not very thick and consist of relatively inactive sedimentary rocks. In 2010, worldwide total coal production was about 7273.3 million tones (Mt), with an estimated waste of about 1454.7 Mt due to coal production. Ofthiswaste,upto100%(total waste with no production of prospective minerals)may be due to the mining or extraction method. Wastes produced during coal preparation(removal of undesired materials from coal through coal washing, crushing, screening, and dewatering)may reach 10 to 30% of raw coal; most of these wastes are in slurry form as a result of the washing process. The final form of waste can be detrimental to the feasibility of reuse and recycling because it dictates the cost of further processing.Mining and mineral-processing wastes consist of rocks, soils, oil sands, and loose sediments. The mineralogical and chemical characterizations of mining wastes are useful in forecasting geo-technical properties (particle size and structure, plasticity, bulk density, dry density, shear strength)ofthe waste and the leachability of potentially harmful compounds. The mineralogical composition of the processing wastes can be heterogeneous because of the deposition of wastes from the processing of different mine sources, yielding a range of physical and chemical properties. For example, the mineral composition of tailings from metal and nonmetal mines in China is divided in to eight broad types.The most important mineralogical considerations are those that influence mineral recovery, decontamination, acid rock drainage, and processes that affect sediment strength and cohesion. The concentrations of toxic elements and metalloids such as Cd, As, Hg, Cr, and Pb are highly variable, but if present in sufficient quantities, they may inhibit plant growth or degrade water quality. Methods such as mechanical separation, chemical carbonation, and hydrothermal mineralization can remove some of these toxic elements, but may also in some cases mobilize metals in groundwater and surface waters through oxidation.The reuse of mining and mineral-processing wastes may minimize the environmental impacts related to disposal; however, some reuse and re-cycling measures may actually cause new and serious environmental problems. The overall environmental costs can be determined by various approaches such as ecological risk assessment, lifecycle assessment, sustainability operations assessment, and ecological footprint estimates. Economic cost-benefit analysis, however, is the ultimate driver in termsof the feasibility of a specific reuse technology. If the costs of final target material extraction or mine waste reuse method are Economically prohibitive, then even the most eco-friendly process methods will be difficult to implement without regulation or government subsidies.One approach to minimize cost is to improve waste processing efficiency, which depends on the optimization of the resource allocation to minimize environmental effects while maximizing the quantity of wastes processed and the associated benefits. Avoiding waste in the first place is the most favored means of increasing waste processing efficiency because it has the least environmental impact and possibly involves the least energy spent on waste disposal; however ,it is also the most difficult to accomplish. The use of solid mining waste as backfill and stabilization material in under ground coal mining is potentially a good way to increase efficiency, but the trade-off is not straightforward because of the energy costs related to additional tunnel operations to move the material, as well as the need to create open space for temporary waste storage and management.Residual mining wastes after reuse or resource recovery are typically discarded at specific sites such as tailing ponds. If wastes are not disposed of properly, wastewaters, especially from hydrocarbon wastes, can enter streams and potable supply wells. The primary goal for disposal of mining and mineral-processing wastes should be to ensure that the wasteremains physically, geographically, chemically, and radiologically stable and inert, and if this is not possible, the wastes must be isolated and prevented from interacting with the ecosystem. Reuse of discarded mine waste, referred to as tailing recovery, helps reduce exposure of waste to the environment and in some cases can maximize target mineral efficiency. For example, waste rock or coal slime generated after washing processes may contain carbon with calorific values of 3350 to 6280 kJ/kg, which can be remixed with coal for additional power generation. As above, the reuse of mine tailings or coal slimes also may have potential negative environmental impacts, such as increased emissions of nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide.Considering the factors that dictate when and where mining waste reuse makes sense environmentally, economically, or both, there are several examples of successful reuse projects. Waste rocks and iron/steel slags have been used as alternative aggregates for the construction of roads and railroad banks, river embankments, dikes, and dams. As a result of regulatory policies, mine waste reuse for roadways and parking areas is an accepted practice in China but not in the United States. Waste rock and tailings have also been used as auxiliary source materials for producing building materials such as cement, hollow bricks, concrete, and glass. Ground subsidence basins induced by mining have also been filled with waste rock and covered with topsoil. The repaired land can then bereclaimed as farmland, grassland, or construction land. The waste rock or tailings can also be crushed and mixed with fly ash and cement as backfill in mined cavities, which has the potential to reduce surface subsidence and is a promising method for large amounts of waste reuse.It is difficult to assign a universal method to reuse all kinds of mining and mineral-processing wastes. Each kind of waste has its own appropriate ways for reuse, which even can vary according to local environmental conditions (e.g., proximity to drinking water, depth of mining activity).In any situation where mining and mineral processing wastes are reintroduced back to the subsurface, efforts must be made to ensure that no pollutants transfer from mining wastes to food or water supplies. Appropriate environmental monitoring and assessment studies should always be included in the reuse design.References and Notes1. K.A.Hudson-Edwards,H.E. Jamieson, B. G. Lottermoser,Elements 7, 375 (2011).2. M. A. Palmer et al., Science 327, 148 (2010).3. L. Tiruta-Barna, E. Benetto, Y. Perrodin, Resour. ConservRecyc. 50, 351 (2007).4. H. E. Jamieson, Elements 7, 381 (2011).5. B. G. Lottermoser, Elements 7, 405 (2011).6. ―Statistical Review of World Energy 2011,‖ BP Report(2011);7. J. R. Zhang, W. Z. Wang, F. P. Li, A. D. Wang,Comprehensive Utilization and Resources of Metal MineTailings (Metallurgical Industry Press, Beijing, 2002).8. M. A. Armienta et al., Appl. Geochem. (2012).9. G. Geise, E. LeGalley, M. S. Krekeler, Environ. Earth Sci.62, 185 (2011).10. G. T. Goodman, M. J. Chadwick, Eds.,Environmental Management of Mineral Wastes(Sijthoff & Noordhoff, Alphen aan den Rijn, Netherlands,1978).11. Z. Bian, D. Jin, J. Dong, S. Mu, J. Mining Safety Eng. 24,132 (2007).12. A. Golev, G. D. Corder, Miner. Eng. 29, 58 (2012).13. X. Miao, J. Zhang, G. Guo, Method and Technology of Fully-Mechanized Coal Mining with Solid Waste Filling (China Univ. of Mining and Technology Press, Xuzhou,China, 2010).14. D. M. Franks, D. V. Boger, C. M. Côte, D. R. Mulligan, Resour. Policy 36, 114 (2011).15. M. L. Smith, R. E. Williams, Eng. Geol. 43, 11(1996).16. H. Liu, Z. Liu, Resour. Conserv. Recycling 54, 1331(2010).17. ASTM, Standard Specification for Steel Slag Aggregates for Bituminous Paving Mixtures, D 5106-08(2008).18. K. M. Skarżyńska, Waste Manag. 15, 83 (1995).19. Y. Chen, Y. Zhang, T. Chen, Y. Zhao, S. Bao, Construct.Build. Mater. 25, 2107 (2011).20. M. Frías, M. I. Sanchez de Rojas, R. García,A. J. Valdés, C. Medina, Cement Concr. Compos. 34,678 (2012).21. J. J. M. Heynen, H. N. J. A. Bolk, G. J. Senden,P. J. Tummers, in Waste Materials in Construction,J. J. J. M. Goumans, H. A. van der Sloot,T. G. Aalbers, Eds. (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1994),pp. 655–664.22. X. Miao, J. Zhang, M. Feng, J. China Univ. MiningTechnol. 18, 479 (2008).译文：如何利用采矿和矿物废弃物采矿和矿物加工所产生的废弃物是长期困扰整个世界的垃圾处理问题之一。
双语翻译(最新)
《矿物加工技术》重点集萃编写人员名单：潘伟源、梅志、窦一博、牛文哲、冯泽平、李达、刘佳鹏、周伟光Part I wordsChapter1 Introductionalluvial mining---冲积矿床开采aluminium—铝an optimum grind size—最佳磨矿粒度barytes—重晶石comminution—粉碎degree of liberation—解离度diamond ores—金刚石矿石Electrical conductivity properties—导电性fluorite—萤石fundamental operations—基本选别流程release/liberation—解离Galena—lead --- sulphide—方铅矿sphalerite-zinc ---sulphide—闪锌矿cassiterite-tin oxide—锡石grinding—磨矿Laboratory and pilot scale test-work—试验室和半工业实验Line flowsheet—线流程locking of mineral and gangue—连生体Middlings—中矿mill(concentrator)--- 选矿厂milling costs—磨矿消耗Minerals definition(p.1)metallic ore processing –金属矿石加工gangue—脉石Mineral—矿物ore—矿石crust of the earth—地壳sea-bed—河床non-metallic ores—非金属矿石bauxite—氧化铝optical properties—光学性质Ore bodies—矿体part per million(ppm) Primary grind—粗磨product handling—产品处理pyrite –黄铁矿Recovery—回收率Refractory bricks—耐火砖abrasives—磨料Separation—分离Smelter—熔炼sorting—拣选subsequent concentration process—后续选别流程Tailings retreatment—尾矿再处理as-mined(run of mine)—原矿mineral processing(ore dressing/mineral dressing/milling（磨选）)—矿物加工portion/concentrate—精矿discard/tailing—尾矿the flowsheet—工艺流程The minimum metal content(grade)—最低金属含量The valuable mineral—有用矿物complex ores—复合矿The waste minerals—脉石enrichment process—富集工艺metal losses—金属损失the enrichment ratio—富集比efficiency of mineral processing operations—矿物加工作业效率The ratio of concentration –选别比the grade/assay—品位ultra-fine particles—超细颗粒unit concentration processes—单元选别流程Chapter2 Ore handingopen-pit ore(露天开采的矿石p30，左下)run-of-mine ore(原矿)Typical washing plant flowsheet(洗矿车间典型流程figure 2.2) tipper (卸料器p33 右上)Shuttle belt (梭式胶带p33 右中)Gravity bucket elevator （斗式重力提升机p33 右下）Ore storage(矿物储存p35 右上)包括:stockpile （矿场）bin（矿仓）tank (贮槽)Front-end loader (前段式装载机p35 右上)Bucket-wheel reclaimer（斗轮式装载机p35 右上）Reclaim tunnel system（隧道装运系统p35 右上）The amount of reclaimable material/the live storage(有效贮量p35 右中figure 2.7) Conditioning tank (调和槽p36 左上)Chain-feeder (罗斯链式给矿机figure 2.9)Cross-section of elliptical bar feeder （椭圆形棒条给矿机figure 2.10）Vibrating grizzly feeder (振动格筛给矿机p37 左上)Apron feeder (板式给矿机figure 2.11)Belt feeder (胶带给矿机p37 右下)Chapter 4 particle size analysisacicular(针状);adverse(相反的);algorithm(算法);angular(多角状);aperture(孔径);apex (顶点);apparatus(仪器);arithmetic(运算器，算术); assaying(化验);attenuation(衰减);beaker decantation(烧杯倾析); blinding(阻塞);calibration(校正);charge(负荷);congest(充满);consecutive(连续的);contract(压缩);convection current(对流); conversion factor(转化因子); crystalline(晶体状);cyclosizer(旋流分析仪);de-aerated(脱气);derive:(得出);dilute(稀释);dimensionless quantity(无量纲量); dispersing agent(分散剂);distort(变形);duplicate(重复);electrical impedence(电阻); electroetching(电蚀刻); electroform(电铸);elutriation(淘析);epidote(绿帘石);equilateral triangle(等边三角形); flaky(薄片状);flask(烧瓶);fractionated sample(分级产品); gauze(筛网);geometric(几何学的);granular(粒状的);graticule(坐标网);gray scale(灰度);ground glass(毛玻璃);hand sieve(手动筛);histogram(直方图);immersion(浸没);inter-conversion(相互转变);interpolate(插值);intervals(区间);laminar flow(粘性流体);laser diffraction(激光衍射);light scattering method(光散射法);line of slope(斜率);logarithmic(对数的);machine sieve(机械筛);mechanical constraint(机械阻力);mesh(目);modular(系数的，制成有标准组件的);near size(临界筛孔尺寸);nominal aperture();nylon(尼龙);opening(开口);ordinate(纵坐标);perforated(多孔的);pipette(吸管);plotting cumulative undersize(累积筛下曲线); median size(中间粒度);polyhedron(多面体); reflection(反射); procure(获得);projected area diameter(投影面直径);ratio of the aperture width(筛比);refractive index(折射率);regression(回归) ;reproducible(可再生的);sedimentation balance(沉降天平); sedimentation(沉降) ;segment(片);sensor section(传感器);sieve shaker(振动筛，振筛器); spreadsheet(电子表格); simultaneously(同时地);size distribution(粒度分布); spectrometer(摄谱仪);stokes diameter(斯托克斯直径); subdivide(细分);sub-sieve(微粒);suction(吸入); syphon tube(虹吸管); tabulate(列表); tangential entry(切向入口); terminal velocity(沉降末速); truncate(截断);twill(斜纹图);two way cock(双通塞); ultra sonic(超声波); underside(下侧);vertex(顶点);vortex outlet (涡流出口); wetting agent(润湿剂);Chapter 5 comminutionattrition----- 研磨batch-type grindability test—小型开路可磨性实验bond’s third theory—邦德第三理论work index----功指数breakage—破碎converyor--- 运输机crack propagation—裂隙扩展crushing and grinding processes—破碎磨矿过程crushing----压扎crystalline material—晶状构体physical and chemical bond –物理化学键diameter—直径elastic—弹性fine-grained rocks—细粒岩石coarse-grained rocks—粗粒岩石chemical additives—化学添加剂fracture----碎裂free surface energy—自由表面能potential energy of atoms—原子势能graphical methods---图解法grindability test—可磨性实验crushing and grinding efficiency 破碎磨矿效率grinding media—磨矿介质gyratory crusher---旋回破碎机tumbling mill --- 筒形磨矿机impact crusher—冲击式破碎机high pressure griding roll--高压辊磨impact breaking-冲击破碎impact—冲击jaw—颚式破碎机material index-材料指数grindability—可磨性mill----选矿厂non-linear regression methods--- 非线性回归法ore carry--- 矿车Parameter estimation techniques—参数估计技术reduction ratio—破碎比roll crusher—辊式破碎机operating work indices—操作功指数Scraper—电铲slurry feed—矿浆SPI(SAG Power Index)—SAG 功指数simulation of comminution processes and circuits—粉碎工艺流程模拟stirred mill—搅拌磨stram energy---应变能the breakage characteristics—碎裂特性the crystalline lattice—晶格the reference ore---参比矿石product size distribution-- 产品粒度分布theory of comminution—粉碎理论brittle—脆性的tough material--- 韧性材料platstic flow—塑性流动Tracer methods—示踪法vibration mill-- 振动磨矿机Chapter 6CrushersAG/SAG mills(autogenousgrinding/semiautogenous grinding) 自磨、半自磨Alternating working stresses交替工作应力Amplitude of swing 摆幅Arrested or free crushing 夹压碎矿、自由碎矿Bell-shaped 钟形Belt scales 皮带秤Binding agents 粘结剂Bitumen 沥青Blending and rehandling 混合再处理Breaker plate 反击板Capital costs 基建费用Capstan and chain 铰杆铰链Cast iron or steel 铸铁铸钢Chalk 白垩Cheek plates 夹板Choke fed 阻塞给矿（挤满给矿）Choked crushing 阻塞碎矿Chromium carbide 碳铬合金Clay 粘土Concave 凹的Convex 凸的Corrugated 波纹状的Cross-sectional area 截面积Cross-section剖面图Crusher gape 排矿口Crusher throat 破碎腔Crushing chamber 破碎腔Crushing rolls 辊式碎矿机Crushing 破碎Discharge aperture 排矿口Double toggle 双肘板Drilling and blasting 打钻和爆破Drive shaft 驱动轴Eccentric sleeve 偏心轴套Eccentric 偏心轮Elliptical 椭圆的Epoxy resin 环氧树脂垫片Filler material 填料Fixed hammer impact mill 固定锤冲击破碎机Flakes 薄片Flaky 薄而易剥落的Floating roll 可动辊Flywheel 飞轮Fragmentation chamber 破碎腔Grizzlies 格条筛Gypsum 石膏Gyratory crushers 旋回破碎机Hammer mills 锤碎机Hydraulic jacking 液压顶Idle 闲置Impact crushers 冲击式破碎机Interparticle comminution 粒间粉碎Jaw crushers 颚式破碎机Limestone 石灰岩Lump 成块Maintenance costs 维修费Manganese steel mantle 锰钢罩Manganese steel 锰钢Mechanical delays 机械检修Metalliferous ores 有色金属矿Nip 挤压Nodular cast iron 球墨铸铁Nut 螺母Pack 填充Pebble mills 砾磨Pillow 垫板Pitman 连杆Pivot 轴Plates 颚板Primary crushing 初碎Receiving areas 受矿面积Reduction ratio 破碎比Residual stresses 残余应力Ribbon 流量Rivets 铆钉Rod mills 棒磨Roll crushers 辊式碎矿机Rotary coal breakers 滚筒碎煤机Rotating head 旋回锥体Scalp 扫除Secondary crushing 中碎Sectionalized concaves分段锥面Set 排矿口Shales 页岩Silica 二氧化硅Single toggle 单肘板Skips or lorries 箕斗和矿车Spider 壁架Spindle 竖轴Springs 弹簧Staves 环板Steel forgings 锻件Stroke 冲程Stroke 冲程Surge bin 缓冲箱Suspended bearing 悬吊轴承Swell 膨胀Swinging jaw 动颚Taconite ores 铁燧岩矿石Tertiary crushing 细碎The (kinetic) coefficient of friction （动）摩擦系数The angle of nip啮角The angle of repose 安息角The cone crusher 圆锥破碎机The cone lining 圆锥衬里The gyradisc crusher 盘式旋回碎矿机Thread 螺距Throughput 处理量Throw 冲程Tripout 停机Trommel screen 滚筒筛Valve 阀Vibrating screens 振动筛Wear 磨损Wedge-shaped 锥形Chapter 7 grinding millsAbrasion 磨蚀AlignmentAmalgamation 融合/汞剂化Asbestos 石棉Aspect ratio 纵横比/高宽比Attrition 磨蚀Autogenous mill 自磨机Ball mill 棒磨Barite 重晶石Bearing 轴承Bellow 吼叫Belly 腹部Best-fit 最优化Bolt 螺栓Brittle 易碎的Build-up 增强Butt-weld 焊接Capacitance 电容量Cascade 泻落Cataract 抛落Central shaft 中心轴Centrifugal force 离心力Centrifugal mill 离心磨Chipping 碎屑Churning 搅拌器Circulating load 循环负荷Circumferential 圆周Clinker 渣块Cobbing 人工敲碎Coiled spring 盘簧Comminution 粉碎Compression 压缩Contraction 收缩Corrosion 腐蚀Corrugated 起褶皱的Crack 裂缝Critical speed 临界速度Crystal lattice 晶格Cushion 垫子Cyanide 氰化物Diagnose 诊断Dilute 稀释Discharge 放电Drill coreElastic 有弹性的Electronic belt weigher 电子皮带秤Elongation 延长率Emery 金刚砂Energy-intensive 能量密度Entangle 缠绕Expert system 专家系统Explosives 易爆炸的Flange 破碎Fracture 折断、破碎Front-end loader 前段装备Gear 齿轮传动装置Girth 周长Granulate 颗粒状的Grate discharge 磨碎排矿GreenfieldGrindability 可磨性Grinding media 磨矿介质Groove 沟槽Helical 螺旋状的High carbon steel 高碳钢High pressure grinding roll 高压滚磨Hopper 加料斗Housing 外壳Impact 冲击Impeller 叶轮IntegralInternal stress 内部压力Kinetic energy 运动能Least-square 最小平方Limestone 石灰岩Liner 衬板Lock 锁Lubricant 润滑剂Magnetic metal liner 磁性衬板Malleable 有延展性的Manhole 检修孔Material index 材料指数Matrix 矿脉Muffle 覆盖Multivariable control 多元控制Newtonian 牛顿学的Nodular cast iron 小块铸铁Non-Newtonian 非牛顿的Normally 通常Nuclear density gauge 核密度计Nullify废弃Oblique间接地，斜的Operating 操作Orifice 孔Output shaft 产量轴Overgrinding 过磨Parabolic 像抛物线似地Pebble 砾石Pebble mill 砾磨PendulumPilot scale 规模试验Pinion 小齿轮Pitting 使留下疤痕Plane 水平面PloughPotential energy 潜力Pressure transducer 压力传感器Prime moverPrismatic 棱柱形的Probability 可能性/概率Propagation 增值Pulp density 矿浆密度Pulverize 粉碎Quartzite 石英岩Radiused 半径Rake 耙子Reducer还原剂Reduction ratio 缩小比Retention screenRetrofit 改进Rheological 流变学的Rib骨架Rod 棒Roller-bearing 滚动轴承Rotor 旋转器Rubber liner 橡胶衬板Rupture 裂开ScatsScoop铲起Scraper 刮取器Screw flight 螺旋飞行Seasoned 干燥的SegregationSet-point 选点Shaft 轴Shear 剪Shell 外壳Simulation 模拟SlasticitySpalling 击碎Spigot 龙头Spill 溢出/跌落Spin 使什么旋转Spiral classifier 螺旋分级机Spout 喷出Stationary 静止的Stator 固定片Steady-state 不变的Steel plate 钢盘Steel-capped 钢帽Stirred mill搅拌磨Stress concentration 应力集中Sump 水池Taconite 铁燧岩Tensile stress 拉伸力Thicken 浓缩Throughput 生产量Thyristor 半导体闸流管Time lag 时间间隔Tower mill塔磨Trajectory 轨迹Trial and error 反复试验Trunnion 耳轴Tube millTumbling mill 滚磨Undergrinding 欠磨Underrun 低于估计产量Unlock 开启Vibratory mill 振动磨Viscometer 黏度计Viscosity 黏性Warp 弯曲Wearing linerWedged 楔形物Work index 功指数Chapter 8 Industrial screeningBauxite 铝土矿Classification 分级Diagonal 斜的Dry screening 干筛Efficiency or partition curve 效率曲线、分离曲线Electrical solenoids 电磁场Elongated and slabby particles 细长、成板层状颗粒Granular 粒状Grizzly screens 格筛Hexagons 六边形Hydraulic classifiers 水力旋流器Linear screen 线性筛Mesh 网眼Mica 云母Near-mesh particles 近筛孔尺寸颗粒Octagons 八边形Open area 有效筛分面积Oscillating 振荡的Perpendicular 垂直的Polyurethane 聚氨酯Probabilistic 概率性的Resonance screens 共振筛Rhomboids 菱形Rinse 漂洗Rubber 橡胶Screen angle 颗粒逼近筛孔的角度Shallow 浅的Static screens 固定筛Tangential 切线的The cut point（The separation size）分离尺寸Trommels 滚筒筛Vibrating screens 振动筛Water sprays 喷射流Chapter9 classificationadded increment（增益）aggregate（聚集）alluvial（沉积）apex(顶点)deleterious(有害)approximation（概算，近似值）apron（挡板）buoyant force（浮力）correspond（符合,相符）critical dilution（临界稀释度）cut point（分离点）descent（降落）dilute（稀释的）drag force（拖拽力）duplex（双）effective density（有效比重）emergent（分离出的）equilibrium（平衡）exponent（指数）feed-pressure gauge（给矿压力表）free-settling ratio（自由沉降比）full teeter（完全摇摆流态化）geometry（几何尺寸）helical screw（螺旋沿斜槽）hindered settling（干涉沉降）hollow cone spray（中空锥体喷流）Hydraulic classifier（水力分级机）imperfection（不完整度）incorporated（合并的）infinite（任意的）involute（渐开线式）Mechanical classifier（机械分级机）minimize（最小限度的）multi-spigot hydro-sizer（多室水力分级机）pressure-sensitive valve（压敏阀）Newton’s law（牛顿定律）orifice（孔）overflow（溢流）parallel（平行的，并联的）performance or partition curve（应用特性曲线）predominate（主导）pulp density（矿浆比重）quadruple（四倍）quicksand（流砂体）Reynolds number（雷诺数）scouring（擦洗）Settling cones（圆锥分级机）shear force(剪切力)simplex（单）simulation（模拟）slurry（矿浆）sorting column（分级柱）spherical（球形的）spigot（沉砂）Spiral classifiers（螺旋分级机）Stokes’ law（斯托克斯定律）surging（起伏波动）suspension（悬浮液）tangential（切线式）Teeter chamber（干涉沉降室）teeter（摇摆）terminal velocity(末速)The rake classifier(耙式分级机)turbulent resistance（紊流阻力）underflow （底流）vertical axis（垂直轴）vessel（分级柱）viscosity（粘度）viscous resistance(粘滞阻力)vortex finder（螺旋溢流管）well-dispersed（分散良好的）Chapter 10gravity concentrationactive fluidised bed(流化床); amplitude(振幅); annular(环状的); asbestos(石棉);asymmetrical (非对称的);baddeleyite (斜锆石);barytes (重晶石);cassiterite (锡石);chromite(铬铁矿);circular (循环的);circumference (圆周);closed-circuit (闭路);coefficient of friction (摩擦系数); compartment (隔箱);concentration criterion (分选判据); conduit(管);contaminated(污染);counteract (抵消);degradation (降解);density medium separation (重介质分选); detrimental(有害的);diaphragm (隔膜);dilate (使膨胀);displacement (置换);divert (转移);dredge (挖掘船);eccentric drive(偏心轮驱动); encapsulate (密封);equal settling rate(等沉降比);evenly(均匀的);excavation (采掘);exhaust (废气);feed size range (给矿粒度范围); fiberglass (玻璃纤维);flash floatation (闪浮);flattened(变平);float (浮子);flowing film (流膜);fluid resistance (流体阻力);gate mechanism (开启机制);halt(停止);hand jig (手动跳汰机);harmonic waveform (简谐波);helical(螺旋状的);hindered settling (干涉沉降);hutch(底箱)；immobile (稳定);interlock (连结);interstice (间隙);jerk(急拉);kyanite (蓝晶石);lateral (侧向的，横向的);linoleum (漆布);mica(云母);momentum (动量) ; mount(安装);multiple (多重的)；multi-spigot hydrosizer (多室水力分级机); natural gravity flower (自流); neutralization (中和作用);nucleonic density gauge (核密度计); obscure (黑暗的，含糊不清的); obsolete (报废的);onsolidation trickling (固结滴沉);open-circuit (开路);pebble stone/gravels(砾石);periphery(周边的);pinched (尖缩的) ;platelet(片晶);platinum(铂金);plunger (活塞);pneumatic table(风力摇床); pneumatically (靠压缩空气);porus(孔);preset(预设置);pressure sensing(压力传感的); pressurize (加压);pulsating (脉动的);pulsion/suction stroke (推/吸冲程); quotient (商);radial(径向的);ragging (重物料残铺层);rate of withdraw (引出速率);raw feed (新进料);reciprocate(往复);refuse (垃圾);render (使得);residual (残留的);retard(延迟);riffle (床条);rinse(冲洗);rod mill (棒磨);rotary water vale (旋转水阀);rubber(橡胶);saw tooth (锯齿形的);scraper(刮板);sectors(扇形区);semiempirical(半经验的);settling cone (沉降椎);shaft (轴);side-wall (侧壁);sinterfeed (烧结料);sinusoidal (正弦曲线);slime table(矿泥摇床);sluice (溜槽);specular hematite (镜铁矿);spinning (自转；离心分离); splitters (分离机); starolite (星石英); staurolite (十字石); stratification (分层); stratum (地层); submerge (浸没);sump (池); superimposed (附加的); surge capacity (缓冲容量); synchronization (同步的); throughput(生产能力); tilting frames (翻筛); timing belt (同步带); trapezoidal shaped (梯形的); tray (浅盘) ;trough(槽);tungsten (钨);uneven (不均匀的); uniformity(均匀性);uranolite (陨石);validate(有效);vicinity (附近);water (筛下水);wolframite (黑钨矿，钨锰铁矿);Chapter 11 dense medium separation(DMS) barite（重晶石）Bromoform（溴仿）bucket（桶）carbon tetrachloride（四氯化碳）centrifugal（离心的）chute（陡槽）Clerici solution（克莱利西溶液）corrosion（腐蚀）dependent criterion（因变判据）discard（尾渣）disseminate（分散，浸染）DMS（重介质分选）dominant（主导）Drewboy bath（德鲁博洗煤机）drum separator（双室圆筒选矿机）Drum separator（圆筒选矿机）Dyna Whirlpool（）effective density of separation（有效分选比重）envisage（设想）feasibility（可行性）ferrosilicon（硅铁）flexible sink hose（沉砂软管）fluctuation（波动）fluorite（萤石）furnace（炉）grease-tabling（涂脂摇床）hemisphere（半球）incombustible（不可燃烧的）incremental（递增的）initially（最早地）installation（设备）LARCODEMS（large coal dense medium separator）lead-zinc ore（铅锌矿）longitudinal（纵向）magneto-hydrostatic（磁流体静力）mathematical model（数学模型）metalliferous ore（金属矿）nitrite（亚硝酸盐）Norwalt washer（诺沃特洗煤机）olfram（钨）operating yield（生产回收率）optimum（最佳）organic efficiency（有机效率）paddle（搅拌叶轮）Partition coefficient or partition number（分配率）Partition or Tromp curve（分配或特劳伯曲线）porous(多孔的)probable error of separation；Ecart probable （EP）（分选可能误差）raw coal（原煤）recoverable（可回收的）residue（残渣）revolving lifter（旋转提升器）two-compartmentrigidity（稳定性）sand-stone（砂岩）shale(页岩)siliceous（硅质的）sink-discharge（排卸沉砂）sodium（钠）sulphur reduction（降硫）tabulate（制表）tangential（切线）tedious (乏味)Teska Bash（）Tetrabromoethane（TBE，四溴乙烷）theoretical yield（理论回收率）toxic fume（有毒烟雾）tracer（示踪剂）typical washability curves（典型可选性曲线）Vorsyl separator（沃尔西尔选矿机）weir（堰板）well-ventilated（通风良好的）Wemco cone separator（维姆科圆锥选矿机）yield stress（屈服应力）yield（回收率）Chapter 12 Froth flotationActivator（活化剂）adherence （附着，坚持）adhesion（附着）adhesion（粘附）adjoining（毗邻，邻接的）adsorption(吸附)aeration（充气）aeration（充气量）aerophilic（亲气疏水的）aerophilic（亲气性）Aggregation（聚集体）agitation（搅动）agitator（搅拌机）allegedly（据称）Amine（胺）baffle（析流板）Bank（浮选机组）barite（重晶石）Barren（贫瘠的）batch(开路)Borne（承担）Bubble（泡沫）bubble（气泡）bubble-particle（泡沫颗粒）bulk flotation （混合浮选）capillary tube（毛细管）cassiterite （锡石）cerussite(白铅矿)chalcopyrite（黄铜矿）circulating load（循环负荷）cleaner（精选）clearance（间隙）Collector(捕收剂)collide（碰撞，抵触）compensate（补偿，抵偿）component（组成）concave（凹）concentrate trade（精矿品位）Conditioning period（调整期）conditioning tank（调和槽）cone crusher（圆锥破碎机）configuration(表面配置，格局) Conjunction(关联，合流)contact angle measurement（接触角测量）contact angle（接触角）copper sulphate（硫酸铜）copper-molybdenum（铜钼矿）core(核心)correspondingly（相关的）cylindrical（圆柱）Davcra cell(page305)decantation（倾析）depressant（抑制剂）deteriorating（恶化）Dilute（稀释）Direct flotation（正浮选）disengage（脱离，解开）dissemination（传播）dissolution（解散）distilled water（蒸馏水）diverter（转向器）drill core(岩心)drill(钻头,打眼)duplication（复制）dynamic（动态，能动）economic recovery（经济回收率）Elapse（过去，推移）electrolyte（电解质）electrowinning（电积）Eliminating（消除）enhance（提高、增加）Entail（意味着）entrainment（夹带）erosion（腐蚀）Fatty acid（脂肪酸）fatty acids（脂肪酸）faulting（断层）FCTRfiltration（过滤）fine particle（较细颗粒）floatability（可浮性）flotation rate constant（浮选速率常数）flowsheet（工艺流程）fluctuation（波动）fluorite（萤石）frother（起泡剂）Frother（起泡剂）Gangue（脉石）grease（润滑脂）grindability（可磨性）gross（毛的，）Hallimond tube technique（哈利蒙管）hollow（凹，空心的）hydrophilic（亲水性）Hydrophobic（疏水）Impeller（叶轮）in situ（原位）Incorporate（合并）indicator（指标，迹象）inert（惰性的）intergrowth（连生）intermediate-size fraction（中等粒度的含量）ionising collector（离子型捕收剂）amphoteric（两性）irrespective（不论）jaw crusher(颚式破碎机)jet（喷射，喷出物）laborious（费力的）layout（布局，安排）layout（布局，设计）liable（负责）magnitude（幅度）maintenance（维修）malachite（孔雀石）manganese（锰）mathematically (数学地)mechanism（进程）metallurgical performance（选矿指标）metallurgical（冶金的）MIBC（methyl isobutyl carbinol）（甲基异丁甲醇）Microflotation（微粒浮选）Mineralized（矿化的）mineralogical composition(矿物组成) mineralogy（矿物学）mineralogy（岩相学）MLA(mineral liberation analyser)modify（改变）molybdenite（辉钼矿）multiple（复合的）multiple-step（多步）Natural floatability（天然可浮性）hydrophobic（疏水性的）neutral（中性的）non-metallic（非金属）non-technical（非技术）nozzle（喷嘴）optimum（最佳）organic solvent（有机溶剂）oxidation（氧化）oxyhydryl collector（羟基捕收剂）xanthate（黄药）Oxyhydryl collector（羟基捕收剂）palladium（钯）parallel（平行）penalty（惩罚，危害）penetrate（穿透）peripheral(周边)peripheral（周边的）permeable base（透气板）personnel（人员）pH modifier（pH调整剂）pinch（钉）platinum（铂）pneumatic（充气式）polishing（抛光）portion（比例）postulate（假设）predetermined value（预定值）prior（优先）Pulp potential(矿浆电位)pyramidal tank（锥体罐）pyrite(黄铁矿)QEMSCAN(p288)reagent(药剂)rectangular（长方形）regulator（调整剂）reluctant（惰性的）residual（残留物）reverse flotation（反浮选）rod mill（棒磨机）rougher concentrate（粗选精矿）rougher-scavenger split（粗扫选分界）scale-up（扩大）scavenger（少选精矿）scheme（计划，构想）SE（separation efficienty）sealed drum（密封桶）severity（严重性）Sinter（烧结）sleeve（滚轴）slipstream（汇集）smelter（熔炼）sparger（分布器）sphalerite（闪锌矿）sphalerite（闪锌矿）Standardize（标定，规范）stationary（静止的）stator（定子，静片）storage agitator(储存搅拌器) Straightforward（直接的）Subprocess（子过程）subsequent（随后）Sulphide（硫化物）summation（合计）sustain（保留）swirling（纷飞）tangible（有形，明确的）tensile force（张力）texture（纹理）theoretical（原理的）thickener （浓密机）titanium（钛）TOF-SIMStonnage（吨位）Tube（管，筒）turbine（涡轮）ultra-fine（极细的）undesirable(不可取) uniformity（统一性）unliberated（未解离的）utilize（使用）Vigorous（有力，旺盛）weir-type（堰式）whereby（据此）withdrawal（撤回）Work of adhesion（粘着功）XPSAgglomeration-skin flotation（凝聚-表层浮选p316 左中）Associated mineral （共生矿物）by-product （副产品）Chalcopyrite (黄铜矿)Coking coal (焦煤p344 左下)Control of collector addition rate(p322 last pa right 捕收剂添加率的控制) Control of pulp level(矿浆液位控制p321 last pa on the right )Control of slurry pH(矿浆pH控制p322 2ed pa on the left)DCS--distributed control system(分布式控制系统p320 右中)Denver conditioning tank(丹佛型调和槽figure 12.56) Electroflotation (电浮选p315 右中)feed-forward control(前馈控制p323 figure 12.60)Galena（方铅矿）Molybdenum （钼）Nickel ore (镍矿的浮选p343 左)PGMs--platinum group metals(铂族金属)PLC--programmable logic controller（可编程序逻辑控制器p320 右中）porphyry copper（斑岩铜矿）Table flotation (摇床浮选俗称“台选”p316 左中)Thermal coal (热能煤p344 左下)Ultra-fine particle（超细矿粒p315 右中）Wet grinding(湿式磨矿)Chapter 13 Magnetic and electrical separationCassiterite(锡石矿) wolframite(黑钨矿) Diamagnetics(逆磁性矿物) paramagnetics(顺磁性矿物) Ferromagnetism(铁磁性) magnetic induction(磁导率)Field intensity(磁场强度) magnetic susceptibility(磁化系数) Ceramic(瓷器) taconite(角岩)Pelletise(造球) bsolete(废弃的)Feebly(很弱的) solenoid(螺线管)Cobbing(粗粒分选) depreciation(折旧)Asbestos(石棉) marcasite(白铁矿)Leucoxene(白钛石) conductivity(导电性)Preclude(排除) mainstay(主要组成)Rutile(金红石) diesel(柴油)Cryostat(低温箱)Chapter 14 ore sortingappraisal(鉴别); audit(检查); barren waste(废石); beryllium isotope(铍同位素); boron mineral(硼矿物); category(范围);coil(线圈);downstream(后处理的);electronic circuitry(电路学);feldspar(长石);fluorescence(荧光);grease(油脂);hand sorting(手选);infrared(红外的);irradiate(照射);laser beam(激光束);limestone(石灰石);luminesce(发荧光);luminescence(荧光);magnesite(菱镁矿);magnetic susceptivity(磁敏性);matrix(基质);microwave(微波);monolayer(单层);neutron absorption separation(中子吸收法); neutron flux (中子通量); oleophilicity(亲油的);phase shift(相变);phosphate(磷酸盐); photometric sorting(光选); photomultiplier(光电倍增管); preliminary sizing(预先分级); proximity(相近性);radiometric (放射性的); scheelite(白钨矿);scintillation(闪烁);seam(缝隙);sequential heating(连续加热); shielding(防护罩);slinger(投掷装置);subtle discrimination(精细的鉴别); talc(滑石);tandem(串联的);thermal conductivity(热导率); ultraviolet(紫外线);water spray(喷水);Chapter15DewateringAcrylic(丙烯酸) monomer(单分子层) Allotted(分批的)jute(黄麻) Counterion(平衡离子) amide(氨基化合物) Diaphragm(隔膜) blanket(覆盖层) Electrolyte(电解液) gelatine(动物胶) Flocculation(聚团) decant(倒出)Gauge(厚度，测量仪表) rayon(人造纤维丝) hyperbaric(高比重的) Membrane(薄膜) coagulation(凝结) miscelaneous(不同种类的) barometric(气压的) Potash(K2CO3)tubular(管状的) Sedimentation(沉淀) filtration(过滤)Thermal drying(热干燥) polyacrylamide(聚丙烯酰胺)Chapter16 tailings disposalBack-fill method—矿砂回填法tailings dams—尾矿坝impoundment—坝墙Cyclone—旋流器Dyke—坝体slimes—矿泥Floating pump—浮动泵站compacted sand—压实矿砂Lower-grade deposits -- 低品位矿床heavy metal—重金属mill reagent—选矿药剂Neutralization agitator—中和搅拌槽thickener---浓密池overflow –溢流River valley—河谷upstream method of tailings-dam construction –上流筑坝法Sulphur compound—硫化物additional values—有价组分the resultant slimes—脱出的矿泥surface run-off-- 地表水lime—石灰the downstream method—下游筑坝法the centre-line method –中线筑坝法drainage layer—排渗层Underflow—沉砂water reclamation—回水利用reservoir—贮水池Part II ElaborationsChapter2 Ore handing1.The harmful materials and its harmful effects(中的有害物质，及其影响) ----P30 右2.The advantage of storage (贮矿的好处)-----p35 左下Chapter 4 particle size analysis3.equivalent diameter (page90);4.stokes diameter (page98) ; median size (page95,left and bottom); 80% passing size (page95,right) ; cumulative percentage(page94-95under the title’presentation of results’); Sub-sieve;(page 97,right)5.why particle size analysis is so important in the plant operation? (page90, paragraph one); some methods of particle analysis, their theory and the applicable of the size ranges.(table4.1+theory in page91-106)7.how to present one sizing test?(page94)8.how to operate a decantation test?(page98 sedimentation test)9.advantage and disadvantage of decantation in comparison with elutriation? (Page99 the second paragraph on the left +elutriation technique dis/advantage in page 102 the second paragraph on the left)Chapter 6Crushers10.The throw of the crusher: Since the jaw is pivoted from above, it moves a minimum distance at the entry point and a maximum distance at the delivery. This maximum distance is called the throw of the crusher.11.Arrested(free) crushing: crushing is by the jaws only12.Choked crushing: particles break each other13.The angle of nip:14.1)the angle between the crushing members2)the angle formed by the tangents to the roll surfaces at their points of contactwith the particle(roll crushers)15.Ore is always stored after the crushers to ensure a continuous supply to the grinding section. Why not have similar storage capacity before the crushers and run this section continuously?(P119,right column, line 13)16.The difference between the jaw crusher and the gyratory crusher?(P123,right column, paragraph 3)17.Which decide whether a jaw or a gyratory crusher should be used in a particular plant?(p125,left column, paragraph 2)18.Why the secondary crushers are much lighter than the heavy-duty, rugged primary machines?(P126,right column, paragraph 4)19.What’s the difference between the 2 forms of the Symons cone crusher, the Standard and the short-head?(P128,left column, paragraph3 )20.What’s the use of the parallel section in the cone crusher?(P128,left column, paragraph4)21.What’s the use of the distributing plate in the cone crusher?(P128,right column, paragraph1)22.Liner wear monitoring(P129,right column, paragraph2)23.Water Flush technology(P130, left column, paragraph1)24.What’s the difference between the gyradisc crusher and the conventional cone crusher?(P130,right column, paragraph 4)25.What’s the use of the storage bin?(P140,left column, paragraph 2)26.Jaw crushers(p120)27.the differences between the Double-toggle Blake crushers and Single-toggle Blake crushers(p121, right column, paragraph 3)28.the use of corrugated jaw plates(p122, right column, line 8)29.the differences between the tertiary crushers and the secondary crushers?(p126,right column, paragraph 5)30.How to identify a gyratory crusher, a cone crushers?(p127, right column, paragraph 3)31.the disadvantages of presence of water during crushing(p130,right column, paragraph 2)32.the relationship between the angle of nip and the roll speed?(p133, right column)33.Smooth-surfaced rolls——used for fine crushing; corrugated surface——used for coarse crushing;(p134, left column, last paragraph)Chapter 7 grinding mills34.Autogenous grinding：An AG mill is a tumbling mill that utilizes the ore itself as grinding media. The ore must contain sufficient competent pieces to act as grinding media.P16235.High aspect ratio mills: where the diameter is 1.5-3 times of the length. P16236.Low aspect ratio mills：where the length is 1.5-3 times of the diameter. P16237.Pilot scale testing of ore samples: it’s therefore a necessity in assessing the feasibility of autogenous milling, predicting the energy requirement, flowsheet, and product size.P16538.Semi-autogenous grinding: An SAG mill is an autogenous mill that utilizes steel balls in addition to the natural grinding media. P16239.Slurry pool：this flow-back process often leads to higher slurry hold-up inside an AG or SAG mill, and may sometimes contribute to the occurrence of “slurry pool”, which has adverse effects on the grinding performance.P16340.Square mills：where the diameter is approximately equal to the length.P16241.The aspect ratio: the aspect ratio is defined as the ratio of diameter to length. Aspect ratios generally fall into three main groups: high aspect ratio mills、square mills and low aspect ratio mills.P16242.grinding circuit: Circuit are divided into two broad classifications: open and closed.(磨矿回路p170)。
矿物加工科技英语翻译
矿物加工科技英语翻译The flotation mechanism is suspended in an individual square cell separated from the adjoining cell by an adjustable weir. A feed pipe condusts the flow of pulp from the weir of the preceding cell to the mechanism of the next cell, the flow being aided by the suction action of the impeller.The positive suction created by the impeller draws air down the hollow stand-pipe surrounding the shaft.This air stream is sheared into fine bubbles by the impeller action and is intimately mixed with the pulp which is drawn into the cell onto the rotating impeller.Directly above the impeller is a stationary hood,which prevented sanding-up of the impeller if the machine is shut down.Attached to this hood are four baffle vanes,which extend almost to the corners of the cell.These prevented agitation and swirling of the pulp above the impeller,thus producing a quiescent zone where bubbles can ascend with their mineral load without being subjected to scouring which may causing them to drop it.The mineral laden bubbles separate from the gangue in this zone and pass upward to form a forth.As the bubbles move to the pulp level,they are carried forward to the overflow lip by the crowding action of suceeding bubbles,and quick removal of froth is accomplished by froth paddles which aid the overflow.Pulp from the cell flowed over the adjustable tailings weir,and was drawn on to the impeller of the next cell where it was again subjusted to intense agitation and aeration.Particles which are too heavy to flow over the tailings weir are by-passed through sand relief ports,which prevented the build-up of coarse material in the cell. The amount of air introduced into the pulp depends upon the impeller speed,which is normally in the range of 7-10m.s-1 peripheral More air may be obtained by increasing the impeller speed,but this may in certain circumstances overagitate the pulp as well as increase impeller wear and energy consumption.In such cases,supercharging may be applied by introducing additional air down the stand-pipe by means of an external blower.A widely used flotation machine is the Wemco Fagergren manufactured in size up to 85m3.The modern 1+1 design consists of a rotor-disperser assembly,rather than an impeller,and the unit usually comprises a long rectangular trough,divided into sections,each containing a rotor-disperser assembly.The feed enters below the first partition,and tails go over partitions form one section to the next,the pulp level being adjusted at the end tailings weir.Pulp passing through each cell,or compartment,is drawn upwards into the rotor created by the rotation.The rotor down the standpipe,no external blower being needed.The air is thoroughly mixed with the pulp before being broken into small,firm bubbles by the disperser,a stationary,ribbed,perforated band encompassing the rotor,by abruptly diverting the whirling motion of the pulp.Notes1.Pulp enters the first cell of the bank and gives up some of its valuable mineral asa forth;the overflow from this cell passes to the second cell,where more mineralized froth is removed,and so on down the bank,until barren tailings overflow the last cell inthe bank.译文：矿浆进入浮选槽第一室部分有价矿物形成泡沫层；第一室的溢流进入第二室形成更多的矿化气泡进入泡沫层，如此类推直到尾矿留在槽中最后一室。
专业英语1
abundance of metals: 金属含量 to some extent：在一定程度上 weathering of the crustal rocks：地壳岩石的风化 acid rain-waters：酸雨 mineral leaching processes：矿物浸出过程 the crustal abundance：地壳含量 manganese nodules：锰结核 oxygen-rich waters：富氧水 the Pacific Ocean：太平洋
矿物加工专业英语[1]
1.1 Mineral and Ores 矿物与矿石 1.1.1 Minerals 矿物 The forms in which metals are found in the crust of the earth and as seabed deposits depend on their reactivity with their environment, particularly with oxygen, sulphur, and carbon dioxide. Gold and the platinum metals are found principally in the native or metallic form. Silver, copper, and mercury are found native, as well as in the form of sulphides, carbonates, and chlorides. The more reactive metals are always in compound form, such as the oxides and suphides of iron and the oxides and silicates of aluminium and beryllium. The naturally occurring compounds are known as minerals, most of which have been given names according to their composition [e.g. galena---lead sulphide, PbS; sphalerite---zinc sulphide, ZnS; cassiterite---tin oxide, SnO2].
矿物加工硕士专业外语翻译作业答案
5.Typically, oxyhydryl collectors are organic acids, or soaps. The carboxylates are known as fatty acids, and occur naturally in vegetable oils and animal fats from which they are extracted by distillation and crystallization. The salts of oleic acid, sucቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ as sodium oleate and linoleic acid, are commonly used. As with all ionic collectors, the longer the hydrocarbon chain length, the more powerful is the water-repulsion produced, but solubility decreases. Soaps (the salts of fatty acids), however, are soluble even if the chain length is long. The carboxylates are strong collectors, but have relatively low selectivity. They are used for the flotation of minerals of calcium, barium, strontium, and magnesium, the carbonates of non-ferrous metals, and the soluble salts of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals.
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外文翻译
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2008年6月
外文原文
中文译文
第四章
矿物加工技术在提纯净化方面的应用
矿物加工技术的目的是按自然规律把矿石加工成一部分含有丰富目的矿物（精矿）和一部分几乎完全无用的废石（尾矿）的贫矿，此过程如图4.1所示：
图4.1 -物理分离所进行的矿物加工技术
用于确定分离效率的两个参数是回收率和浓度(Wills, 1988)，回收率代表回收矿石所含精矿占矿物总量的百分比，浓度是指一种矿物及其相关的脉石矿物和其他矿物的比例关系。
不幸的是，这两个参数之间有一个几乎逆反的关系，两个非常简单的个案可以说明这一点。
细小的块金分散在大量的沙子中必须回收，在首宗案件中，他们有可能人工地得到含有一小块金的精矿。
因此精矿的浓度为100 ％，但回收率却非常低的，因为大部分的黄金块仍然存留在砂堆中。
在另一情况中没有浓度。
因此，回收率是百分之百，但品位没有增加。
图4.2显示了这两个参数之间的典型的关系曲线。
图4.2 品味-回收率的关系图
然而获得高品位的产品是十分必要的，这样就必须牺牲回收率，反之亦然。
事实上，对每种选矿情况都要进行研究，以得到一个中间妥协，湿法或干法，以在后续的加工步骤生产出适当的精矿。
在去除泥沙、泥土、软泥这些杂质时，可以同时进行，那些污染物必须从原物料中提取出来（泥土或沙石），就好像他们是有用的矿物需要提取一样。
在这种情况下原物料就可以类比于废物，这种境况下，以减少杂质在原矿物中的浓度，使浓度达到生产中规定的指标，并且要在生产中能尽可能少的提取精矿。
经过净化的脉石矿物是尾矿，而含有少量杂质的那部分是精矿。
四种指导处理矿石的选矿方法有重力选，浮选，磁选，静电分离。
最后一种方法在这里不加以详述，因为它需要处理的物料完全是不含水分的，其他三种方法将予以说明，以下我们将详细地把他们的主要设备和操作条件及其应用加以说明。
这种设备在处理粒度范围相对较小时，效率会比较好，这是为什么是加工物料时候按照多样的粒度范围加以处理。
这一章包括回顾最常用的分类方法并说明其原理。
在大多数情况下，加工技术都必须先进行初步加工阶段，通过这些步骤获得所需的加工条件。
一般情况下，初步处理去除的可能会损坏处理系
统部件的成分。
通过预先筛分，大破碎，如岩石，玻璃瓶或金属容器将被去除。
这一章开始描述筛选设备。
4.1 筛分
4.1.1 概述
如上一章所示的那样，我们习惯与把筛分设备按照处理物料（沙石、细土、泥类）的粒径分类，工业筛分可以分成三种不同的型号，冲孔型筛板振动筛，金属丝网状筛网振动筛、弯曲的棒条形振动筛。
(Kelly and Spottiswood, 1982).
工业的比例筛分可以进行干法的或湿法的筛分。
那筛分设备可以是固定的（静电屏蔽表面）或动力的（旋转的、摇摆、或圆振动的筛）像实验室用筛（看节3.1.2），这些如此多样的工具总是被以筛孔开孔尺寸的大小为特征。
他们的性能是由以下两个参数的决定的：处理量和筛分效率。
处理量是以一台筛机在一定的范围内所能处理的物理的多少为定义的，效率是这种分离的过程所表现出来的真实度。
筛分效率为100%的意思指那些粒度小于筛孔尺寸的颗粒，在筛下物料中没有被发现，处理量和效率有着相反的性能，也就是说处理量越大生产效率就会越低，反之亦然。
沙石、细土和淤泥必须通常是逐渐被筛分，目的是把他们从大的碎石中分离出来，为了避免筛孔的堵塞，它们经常是用一系列筛孔尺寸不一样的筛板组成成套的筛板来处理这些物料。
例如：处在第一层的筛板的筛孔尺寸是一英尺，其第二层筛板的尺寸可以是1/4英尺，第三层筛板就可以是10网目，在选择不同的筛孔尺寸和筛板层数时必须是在物料的特殊性质和实际需要来定的。
在那许多众多的筛分设备之中，四种设备型号是经常
被使用的：格条筛、转筒筛、摆动筛、圆振动筛，为了描述它们四种各自的工作条件我们在下一节中将详细讨论。
4.1.2、格条筛
一般情况下，在物料包含大部分的粗颗粒时，我们首选格条筛，这种设备是由高强度的钢条间隔相等地排列成三角形状而制造的，（见图4.3）
4.3 筛分设备-格条筛(来源：Taggart,1951)
有一种经过改良后的格条筛，就是把刚性的格条换成质量较轻的链条，另外，这个设备可以是固定的，也可以是摇摆的，筛板相对地面可以有20-5度的倾角。
这种设备的处理量随筛面倾角的变大而增加，但是筛分效率而是随着筛面倾角的增加而减小的，物料（干的或是湿的）从筛子的顶端进入，物料沿着筛面倾角的方向向下滑落。
这个设备推荐作为分选颗粒粒度范围在20-300mm（Wills, 1988）的物料，他们的特点是处理量非常的大（最高可以达到1000t/h），但筛分效率很低。
4.1.3、转筒筛
转筒筛是主要地由一圆筒筛表面和一细长地倾斜的旋转轴（参见图4.4）组成的。
把筛分物料从筒体的顶端较高出送人筒体，在筒体的底端出口出物料得以排出，为了保证颗粒在滚筒筛的内部表面保持不间断的滑动，在沿着筒体的旋转面有一个螺旋的旋转自转轨道，物料平稳的通过滚筒筛的筛面，那些低于筒体的物料得以回收（Blazy, 1970）。
图 4.4 筛分设备-转筒筛（来源：Rlcharts 和 Locke ,1940）
像图4.5图示的那样，滚筒筛逐次递减的筛孔尺寸可以处理不同粒级的物料，这些颗粒简而言之就是为了不在下一个的旋转式圆筒筛中保持, 多亏得一传动系统，由单个驱动机构可以保证旋转式圆筒筛的自转级数连续高效。
旋转式圆筒筛推荐处理颗粒粒级范围是在6-55mm级的物料，这种筛分设备可以处理干物料，也可以处理湿物料（Wills, 1988)。
图 4.5 筛分设备-转筒筛联合体
这种设备廉价而且坚固耐用，但是他的处理能力有限，比较的低：大概0.6t(一顿大概等于2000磅）.每平方英尺的筛面每天（一些条件应适合处理那些粉末状的物料）可以处理大约1吨的干物料或者可以处理大约1.04吨的湿物料（Taggart, 1945），此外，他们可以处理倾向于闪矿类的物料更容易一些，这个可以很好的解释筛分的平均效率。