Understandingpublicpolicy理解公共政策英文版带翻译

Understanding public policy 《理解公共政策》

（朱青整理）

chapterⅠPolicy analysis

P1

Definition of policy 公共政策定义

i.Public policy is whatever governments choose to do or not to do.

公共政策就是政府选择做与选择不做的事情；

ii.Public policies may regulate behavior, organize bureaucracies, distribute benefits, or extract taxes-or all things at once.

公共政策涉及调节个体行为、构建官僚体系、分配利益、征税、或者同事完成这些事务。

P1-2

Policy expansion →政策扩张

Government growth →政府扩大

The new deal programs devised →罗斯福新政

The great depression→大萧条

The national economy →国民经济

The great society programs →大社会计划

Economic downturn →经济滑坡

Regulatory activity →管制活动

P3 图示指标

What the Federal Government Does联邦政府职能

✓Defense——国防

✓Social security and Medicare——社会保障和医疗保险

✓Interest on the national debt——国债的利息

✓Health——卫生保健

✓Welfare ——社会福利

✓Transportation——交通运输

✓Education——教育

✓Natural resources and environment——自然资源和环境

✓Law enforcement ——执法

✓Veterans——退伍军人

✓All other——其他

What state and local government do 州和地方政府职能

✓Education——教育

✓Welfare ——社会福利

✓Health and hospitals——保健和医疗

✓Highways——高速公路

✓Police and fire——治安和消防

✓Sanitation——卫生

✓Prisons ——监狱

✓Natural resources and environment——自然资源和环境

✓All other ——其他

P4

✓Dependent variables →因变量

✓The independent variables →自变量

✓Determinants →决定性因素

✓Policy evaluation →政策评估

P6

The difference between policy analysis and policy advocacy

政策分析与政策倡议的差别

i.Policy advocacy requires the skills

of rhetoric, persuasion, organization, and activism.

政策倡议需要修辞、说服、组织与实践的技巧；

ii.Policy analysis encourages scholars and students to attack critical policy issues with the tools of systematic inquiry.

政策分析则鼓励学者运用系统研究的工具来探讨重要的政策问题。

Translation →

policy analysis involves 政策分析内容

i. A primary concern with

explanation rather than prescription.

政策分析主要关注的是政策的解释说明而不是提出政策建议；

ii. A rigorous search for the causes and consequences of public policies.

政策分析探索公共政策的原因和结果；

iii.An effort to develop and test general propositions about the causes and consequences of public policy and to

accumulate reliable research findings of general relevance.

政策分析还试图发展并检验关于公共政策因果的一般性命题，以及积累具有普遍意

义的、可靠的研究成果。

P7-8

The limitations of policy analysis

公共政策的局限性

Limits on government power ——政府权力的有限性

Disagreement over the problem ——社会问题认定上的分歧

Subjectivity in interpretation ——政策解释的主观性