语言与文化第二次作业

I. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. 20％

1. Nonverbal messages that are used to emphasize distinct points in verbal messages serve the function of _accenting____accenting____ .

2. __Hypotactic__relation at the sentential level refer to constructions whose components are linked through the use of conjunction.

3. When one offers ｏr urges another person to be first in going through a door, the normal expression is____After you ________ .

4. Cultures that allow people to interact at a close distance are referred to as __contact _____ cultures.

5. The English speaking people say "__Excuse me _______" when they need to pass in front of others, to answer the phone or a door bell while talking with others.

6. It is often said that English is a __hypotactic __language and Chinese a paratactic one.

7. The English functional equivalent for “这是我应该做的” is It’s my pleasure

8. In Western culture, individualism is one of the central themes. In contrast, the central theme of traditional Chinese culture was____environmentalism __

9. The study of meanings, usage, and communication of place is ___chronemics__

10. Communication without feedback is called __one-way__ communication.

II. Translate the following terms into Chinese and then define each of them in English. 50%

1. culture

Culture is the unique style and custom, which a nation forms in the history of its own development.

2. communication

Communication may be defined as that which happens whenever someone responds

3. one-way communication

Communication without feedback is called one-way communication

4. ethnocentrism

Ethnocentrism is a kind of psychological trend ,that is to interpret or to judge all other groups , their environments and their communication according to the categories and values of our own culture.

5. privacy

freedom from undesirable intrusions.

6. tips

The word“tips”is the abbreviation of the phrase“to insure prompt service”

7. vocalics

Vocalics refers to anything that that is spoken and heard except for words.

8. communicative competence

The ability to behave appropriately and effectively by verbal and/or nonverbal means to achieve intended results at a given time，in a given place，in a given communication event，and towards a given person or persons．Communicative competence -knowledge of not only if something is formally possible in a language, but also the knowledge of whether it is feasible, appropriate, or done in a particular speech community.

9. cultural communication information

Cultural communication information refers to the knowledge that is necessary for successful intercultural communication.

10. chronemics

The study of meanings, usage, and communication of time is chronemics. III. Answer the following questions in English. 30%

1. What are the differences between Chinese and English compliments?

In English people exchange compliments each other: father to son, husband to wife, friend to friend, etc. But there are cultural differences between English and Chinese. Firstly cultural differences exist in who can be complimented. In English speaking countries one can praise members of one’s own family. A woman can talk about how hard her husband works and how well he has done in his career, and she might do the same about how well her children do at school. But Chinese people do not praise members of their own families. They consider it bad taste.

Secondly, cultural differences exist in what can e complimented. It is quite common for a male English speaker to compliment females on their good looks, while it is almost a taboo in Chinese culture.

2. What is the rule of introduction in the United States?

In English culture the general rule is to introduce a young person to an older